CN102494434A - Method of anti-Stokes fluorescence refrigerating - Google Patents
Method of anti-Stokes fluorescence refrigerating Download PDFInfo
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- CN102494434A CN102494434A CN2011103871570A CN201110387157A CN102494434A CN 102494434 A CN102494434 A CN 102494434A CN 2011103871570 A CN2011103871570 A CN 2011103871570A CN 201110387157 A CN201110387157 A CN 201110387157A CN 102494434 A CN102494434 A CN 102494434A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of anti-Stokes fluorescence refrigerating. Er3+ serves as a center of laser refrigeration, 4S3/2 energy level of green light semiconductor laser diode (LD) pump Er3+ is utilized, and parallel refrigeration of two anti-Stokes fluorescence is achieved through jump from two excitation state energy levels of 4S3/2 and 2H11/2 to a ground state energy level of 4I15/2. The method has the advantages that a total solid laser refrigerator with high refrigerating efficiency is expected to be developed, the 4S3/2 of the Er3+ and 2H11/2 of the Er3+ have large energy level distance, a selection range of host materials can be widened, the host materials cannot be limited in materials with low phonon energy any more, production technology is simplified, and production cost is reduced. In addition, after the distribution of a low Stark energy level of the 4S3/2 is achieved by means of the laser pump with appropriate wave length, the distribution of a high Stark energy level of the 4S3/2 and the energy level of the 2H11/2 can be achieved by means of phonon absorption thermal excitation, and two anti-Stokes fluorescence emission can be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the laser cooling technical field, relate to a kind of green light semiconductor (LD) of utilizing and induce rare earth erbium ion (Er
3+) glass material that mixes carries out the method for the parallel refrigeration of two kinds of anti-Stokes fluorescences.
Background technology
Anti-stokes fluorescent cooling is to utilize the laser excitation sample, takes away a kind of optical refrigerating mode of molecular vibration heat energy through the emission anti-Stokes fluorescence.Because what the incident pump light adopted usually is the good laser of monochromaticjty, so anti-stokes fluorescent cooling is also referred to as laser cooling.Compare with the liquid circularly cooling with gas compression refrigeration; Laser cooling has the characteristics of total solids, Full-optical; The laser refrigerator that constitutes has that volume is little, in light weight, friction, pollution-free, noiseless, electromagnetic-radiation-free and reliability advantages of higher, has broad application prospects in fields such as military affairs, space satellite, microelectronics, low-temperature physics and engineering and biomedicines.
At present, the focus of laser cooling research mainly concentrates on the laser cooling of rear-earth-doped solid material in the world, and solid material commonly used mainly comprises rare earth doping transparent medium (glass, crystal and optical fiber) and semi-conducting material.Wherein, Because rare earth ion has abundant level structure and high fluorescent radiation transition quantum efficiency; Each energy level can produce Stark (Stark) splitting in host material, rare earth ion f-f transition emission and absorbing wavelength narrow range, and emission and absorptive transition wavelength receive the influence of material little; Make rear-earth-doped solid material realizing demonstrating remarkable advantages aspect the laser cooling, enjoy scientific research personnel's extensive concern.
In rear-earth-doped solid material laser cooling research, adopting maximum refrigeration centres is rare earth ion Yb
3+And Tm
3+, all to be sub-energy levels of Stark splitting of utilizing the first excited state energy level realize anti-stokes fluorescent cooling, the i.e. refrigeration mechanism of traditional approach to the emission of ground state level for it.Er
3+Be in recent years by another important laser cooling center of extensive concern, utilize Er
3+Carry out laser cooling and mainly comprise the refrigeration of two kinds of approach: the one, the refrigeration of traditional approach; Two are based on the refrigeration of changing the mechanism---utilize Er
3+Ground state
4I
15/2And excitation state
4I
9/2With
2H
9/2Energy level wavelength be under the light action of the 860nm left and right sides on switching emission realize.The refrigeration of wherein utilizing traditional approach than on the refrigeration of changing the mechanism more effective.
Although the research of present rear-earth-doped solid material laser cooling has obtained very big progress, there is following shortcoming in the refrigeration mechanism of traditional approach:
(1) kind of selectable host material is limited.In order to satisfy the condition of traditional approach laser cooling, must adopt material to make matrix with extreme high purity and low phonon energy, the host material of report mainly is confined to halide glass or crystal at present.The method for preparing these materials is more complicated and need under certain protection atmosphere, carrying out mostly, and this has increased preparation technology's the complexity and the manufacturing cost of product undoubtedly greatly.In addition, compare with oxide material, the chemical stability of haloid material is relatively poor, and the scope of halide system formation glass is narrower, therefore for the halide glass of specific system, is difficult to adjust Er through changing matrix components
3+Optical transition character, this has also just limited laser cooling and has used Er
3+The selectable range of dopant material.
(2) for the laser cooling of traditional approach; The sub-energy level of multiplet of the first excited state energy level Stark splitting that it adopts is little to the transition probability difference of the sub-energy level of multiplet of ground state level Stark splitting; Anti-Stokes luminescence efficient is lower, therefore, is unfavorable for realizing high efficiency refrigeration.
(3) energy level spacing that is used for the rare earth ion of laser cooling at present is confined to 6000-10500cm
-1Between, this just requires pump light is infrared light, and defective in the host material or trace impurity will produce parasitic heat to the absorption of pumping infrared laser, cause material temperature to raise, and therefore are unfavorable for the raising of refrigerating efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The problems referred to above to prior art exists the objective of the invention is on the basis that makes full use of commercial green glow semiconductor LD, but provide a kind of expanded laser light cooling Er
3+The range of choice of dopant material, the easy anti-stokes fluorescent cooling method that realizes high efficiency refrigeration.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, technical scheme of the present invention is following: a kind of anti-stokes fluorescent cooling method may further comprise the steps:
A, pumping process: select and erbium ion Er
3+Ground state
4I
15/2The high Stark energy level and the excitation state of energy level
4S
3/2The green laser excited sample that the low Stark energy level difference of energy level is complementary makes excitation state
4S
3/2The low Stark level population of energy level;
The thermal relaxation process I of B, absorption phonon: population is to excitation state
4S
3/2The mode that a part of electronics of the low Stark energy level of energy level passes through to absorb the phonon thermal relaxation is in excitation state
4S
3/2Carry out heat distribution on the sub-energy level of each Stark of energy level;
C, anti-Stokes fluorescence emission process of refrigerastion I: be distributed to excitation state
4S
3/2The electronics of the high Stark energy level of energy level is to ground state
4I
15/2Energy level transition produces anti-Stokes fluorescence, thereby realizes the laser cooling of the sub-energy level of single excited level Stark splitting, the i.e. laser cooling of traditional approach;
The thermal relaxation process II of D, absorption phonon: population is in excitation state
4S
3/2Another part electronics on the energy level is dealt into excitation state through absorbing the phonon heat shock
2H
11/2Energy level;
E, anti-Stokes fluorescence emission process of refrigerastion II: excitation state
2H
11/2Electronics on the sub-energy level of each Stark of energy level is got back to ground state with the mode of radiation transistion
4I
15/2Energy level produces anti-Stokes fluorescence, and these fluorescent photons all can be taken away the matrix heat, realize the laser cooling between different excited levels;
F, thermal balance process: ground state is got back in transition
4I
15/2The electronics of the low sub-energy level of Stark of energy level is realized the population of the sub-energy level of its high Stark through heat distribution, and then repeats the process of A, B, C and A, D, the parallel refrigeration of two kinds of anti-Stokes fluorescences of E, realizes the anti-Stokes fluorescence circularly cooling.
The anti-stokes fluorescent cooling method that the present invention proposes has the following advantages:
1, the present invention adopts commercial high efficiency green glow semiconductor LD pumping, is expected to develop the higher total solids laser refrigerator of refrigerating efficiency, thereby realizes miniaturization of devices, improves its reliability, advances the practicalization of anti-stokes fluorescent cooling device.
2, erbium ion Er of the present invention
3+Excitation state
4S
3/2With
2H
11/2Between have bigger energy level spacing, the about 750cm of its spacing
-1, can widen the range of choice of host material.Therefore, needn't be confined to have very the material of low phonon energy (like halide etc.) again, and can select for use oxide or oxyfluoride glass etc. that the material that preparation condition does not have to be strict with is made matrix, simplify the preparation technology of material, reduce cost of manufacture.In addition, utilize material to make matrix, realize more easily with higher phonon energy
2H
11/2The population of energy level after the seondary effect that the radiationless transition of each ability inter-stage of balance brings effectively, utilizes
2H
11/2The anti-Stokes fluorescence emission of energy level more helps the realization of laser cooling.
3, the present invention can realize the parallel refrigeration of two kinds of anti-Stokes fluorescences.Adopt the laser pump (ing) of suitable wavelength to realize excitation state
4S
3/2The cloth of low Stark energy level leans backward, and absorbing thermal excitation through phonon can realize excitation state
4S
3/2High Stark energy level with
2H
11/2The population of energy level, thus two kinds of anti-Stokes fluorescence emissions obtained.These two kinds of anti-Stokes fluorescences all have contribution to refrigeration, but it should be noted that
2H
11/2→ ground state
4I
15/2The anti-Stokes fluorescence of realizing compares excitation state with the energy difference of pump light
4S
3/2High Stark energy level → ground state
4I
15/2The anti-Stokes fluorescence of realizing and the energy difference of pump light are a lot of greatly, and in general material
2H
11/2Has the excitation state of ratio
4S
3/2To the bigger transition probability of ground state, therefore help realizing higher refrigerating efficiency.
4, the glass material of the present invention's use has than the relative littler refractive index of crystal; A little less than fluorescence limits to; Radiationless relaxation odds is less, and the preparation of glass material is easier, therefore; Adopt the host material of glass material, help to reduce the manufacturing cost of refrigerator as laser cooling.
Description of drawings
The present invention is 1 of drawings attached only, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the parallel kind of refrigeration cycle process sketch mapes of two kinds of anti-Stokes fluorescences.
Among the figure: 1, pumping process, 2, absorb the thermal relaxation process I of phonon, 3, anti-Stokes fluorescence emission process of refrigerastion I, 4, the thermal balance process, 5, absorb the thermal relaxation process II of phonon, 6, anti-Stokes fluorescence emission process of refrigerastion II.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described further.As shown in Figure 1, a kind of anti-stokes fluorescent cooling method may further comprise the steps:
A, pumping process 1: select and erbium ion Er
3+Ground state
4I
15/2The high Stark energy level and the excitation state of energy level
4S
3/2The green laser excited sample that the low Stark energy level difference of energy level is complementary makes excitation state
4S
3/2The low Stark level population of energy level;
The thermal relaxation process I2 of B, absorption phonon: population is to excitation state
4S
3/2The mode that a part of electronics of the low Stark energy level of energy level passes through to absorb the phonon thermal relaxation is in excitation state
4S
3/2Carry out heat distribution on the sub-energy level of each Stark of energy level;
C, anti-Stokes fluorescence emission process of refrigerastion I3: be distributed to excitation state
4S
3/2The electronics of the high Stark energy level of energy level is to ground state
4I
15/2Energy level transition produces anti-Stokes fluorescence, thereby realizes the laser cooling of the sub-energy level of single excited level Stark splitting, the i.e. laser cooling of traditional approach;
The thermal relaxation process II5 of D, absorption phonon: population is in excitation state
4S
3/2Another part electronics on the energy level is dealt into excitation state through absorbing the phonon heat shock
2H
11/2Energy level;
E, anti-Stokes fluorescence emission process of refrigerastion II6: excitation state
2H
11/2Electronics on the sub-energy level of each Stark of energy level is got back to ground state with the mode of radiation transistion
4I
15/2Energy level produces anti-Stokes fluorescence, and these fluorescent photons all can be taken away the matrix heat, realize the laser cooling between different excited levels;
F, thermal balance process 4: ground state is got back in transition
4I
15/2The electronics of the low sub-energy level of Stark of energy level is realized the population of the sub-energy level of its high Stark through heat distribution, and then repeats the process of A, B, C and A, D, the parallel refrigeration of two kinds of anti-Stokes fluorescences of E, realizes the anti-Stokes fluorescence circularly cooling.
Claims (1)
1. anti-stokes fluorescent cooling method is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
A, pumping process (1): select and erbium ion Er
3+Ground state
4I
15/2The high Stark energy level and the excitation state of energy level
4S
3/2The green laser excited sample that the low Stark energy level difference of energy level is complementary makes excitation state
4S
3/2The low Stark level population of energy level;
The thermal relaxation process I (2) of B, absorption phonon: population is to excitation state
4S
3/2The mode that a part of electronics of the low Stark energy level of energy level passes through to absorb the phonon thermal relaxation is in excitation state
4S
3/2Carry out heat distribution on the sub-energy level of each Stark of energy level;
C, anti-Stokes fluorescence emission process of refrigerastion I (3): be distributed to excitation state
4S
3/2The electronics of the high Stark energy level of energy level is to ground state
4I
15/2Energy level transition produces anti-Stokes fluorescence, thereby realizes the laser cooling of the sub-energy level of single excited level Stark splitting, the i.e. laser cooling of traditional approach;
The thermal relaxation process II (5) of D, absorption phonon: population is in excitation state
4S
3/2Another part electronics on the energy level is dealt into excitation state through absorbing the phonon heat shock
2H
11/2Energy level;
E, anti-Stokes fluorescence emission process of refrigerastion II (6): excitation state
2H
11/2Electronics on the sub-energy level of each Stark of energy level is got back to ground state with the mode of radiation transistion
4I
15/2Energy level produces anti-Stokes fluorescence, and these fluorescent photons all can be taken away the matrix heat, realize the laser cooling between different excited levels;
F, thermal balance process (4): ground state is got back in transition
4I
15/2The electronics of the low sub-energy level of Stark of energy level is realized the population of the sub-energy level of its high Stark through heat distribution, and then repeats the process of A, B, C and A, D, the parallel refrigeration of two kinds of anti-Stokes fluorescences of E, realizes the anti-Stokes fluorescence circularly cooling.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102976612A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-03-20 | 大连海事大学 | Eu<3+>-doped red-laser-induced cooling vitreous body and preparation method thereof |
| CN107833868A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-23 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Light refrigeration IC system based on periodic dielectric structures |
| CN111531480A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-14 | 河南科技大学 | Laser intelligent refrigeration grinding wheel |
| US11757245B2 (en) | 2020-01-27 | 2023-09-12 | University Of Washington | Radiation-balanced fiber laser |
| US11913683B2 (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2024-02-27 | University Of Washington | Solid-state laser refrigeration of composite optomechanical resonators |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102976612A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-03-20 | 大连海事大学 | Eu<3+>-doped red-laser-induced cooling vitreous body and preparation method thereof |
| CN107833868A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-23 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Light refrigeration IC system based on periodic dielectric structures |
| CN107833868B (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2020-01-31 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Optical refrigeration integrated circuit system based on periodic dielectric structure |
| US11913683B2 (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2024-02-27 | University Of Washington | Solid-state laser refrigeration of composite optomechanical resonators |
| US11757245B2 (en) | 2020-01-27 | 2023-09-12 | University Of Washington | Radiation-balanced fiber laser |
| CN111531480A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-14 | 河南科技大学 | Laser intelligent refrigeration grinding wheel |
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Application publication date: 20120613 |