CN102487993B - Solar fruit and vegetable hot air vacuum combined drying equipment and drying method - Google Patents
Solar fruit and vegetable hot air vacuum combined drying equipment and drying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102487993B CN102487993B CN2011103994655A CN201110399465A CN102487993B CN 102487993 B CN102487993 B CN 102487993B CN 2011103994655 A CN2011103994655 A CN 2011103994655A CN 201110399465 A CN201110399465 A CN 201110399465A CN 102487993 B CN102487993 B CN 102487993B
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 235000011869 dried fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
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Abstract
本发明公开的一种太阳能果蔬热风真空组合干燥设备及其干燥方法，主要由空气预热器、智能控制器、太阳能热水器、真空泵、捕水器、干燥箱、热风辅助加热器、引风机等组成。采用“热风-真空”组合干燥技术，既可发挥“热风”干燥效率高、经济性好的优点，也可利用“真空”干燥卫生、杀菌、保鲜、低温、高效等长处，使干燥得到的最终产品不仅能保持原有色、香、味、形，而且能最大限度保存果蔬中各种生理活性营养成分；以太阳能为主要干燥热源，能充分利用太阳辐射能，可以大量节省常规能源，节能、环保，经济效益显著；采用自动控制技术，从而使得设备自动化程度高，操作简单方便。
The invention discloses a solar fruit and vegetable hot air vacuum combined drying equipment and its drying method, mainly composed of an air preheater, an intelligent controller, a solar water heater, a vacuum pump, a water catcher, a drying box, a hot air auxiliary heater, an induced draft fan, etc. . The "hot air-vacuum" combined drying technology can not only give full play to the advantages of "hot air" drying with high efficiency and good economy, but also use the advantages of "vacuum" drying, sanitation, sterilization, freshness, low temperature, and high efficiency to make the final product obtained by drying The product can not only maintain the original color, aroma, taste and shape, but also preserve various physiologically active nutrients in fruits and vegetables to the maximum extent; with solar energy as the main drying heat source, it can make full use of solar radiation energy, which can save a lot of conventional energy, energy saving and environmental protection , significant economic benefits; the use of automatic control technology, which makes the equipment a high degree of automation, simple and convenient operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fruit and vegetable dryness processing technique field, be specifically related to a kind of solar energy fruits and vegetables hot air vacuum combined drying equipment, the invention still further relates to and adopt the said equipment to carry out dry method.
Background technology
Fruits and vegetables are a kind of typical heat sensitive materials, and its nutritional labeling very easily runs off along with the raising of baking temperature; The fruits and vegetables water content is large simultaneously, and it is a large energy consumption and time-consuming operating process that fruits and vegetables are carried out drying and dehydrating.In the fruit and vegetable dryness dehydration, how reducing energy consumption, improving drying efficiency and preserve its nutritional labeling is the three large difficult points that the fruit and vegetable dryness deep processing must overcome.The main processing mode of fruit and vegetable dryness is to adopt conventional heated-air drying at present, and product quality can not be guaranteed; Perhaps adopt the vacuum freeze drying mode, although quality is guaranteed, energy consumption is very high, inefficiency.
Solar energy drying can take full advantage of solar radiant energy as the dry technology of the emerging clean environmental protection of a kind of efficient energy-saving, can save in a large number conventional energy resource, remarkable in economical benefits; Adopt solar drying apparatus, product is carried out drying operation, have short, drying efficiency advantages of higher arid cycle.
Vacuum drying technique utilizes the principle of moisture boiling point step-down under the low pressure, and the wet stock that contains with certain form is dehydrated.Owing to seething with excitement, the moisture in the material (40～60 ℃) under lower temperature evaporates in the process of vacuum drying, this is so that the goods color of processing is all good, basically the characteristic and the nutritional labeling that have kept raw material after the rehydration are adapted to the drying processing of this heat sensitive material of fruits and vegetables especially.Through the fruits and vegetables of vacuum dehydration, water content can reach 3%～5%, make product be able to longer preservation, but vacuum drying energy consumption cost is higher.
Combination drying refers to the use that combines of two or more dried forms is adopted different drying means at different drying stages.It can bring into play the advantage of various drying modes, realizes having complementary advantages that the shortcoming of avoiding single drying mode to bring reaches single dry inaccessiable purpose.For example: the present invention adopts " hot blast-vacuum " combination drying technology, both can bring into play that " hot blast " drying efficiency is high, the advantage of good economy performance, also can utilize " vacuum " dried sanitary, sterilization, fresh-keeping, low temperature, the strong point such as efficient, the final products that drying is obtained can not only keep original color, shape, and can preserve to greatest extent various physiologically active nutritional labelings in the fruits and vegetables; Simultaneously, also because employing solar energy is drying source, so that the present invention also has advantages of energy-saving and environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of solar energy fruits and vegetables hot air vacuum combined drying equipment, solved fruits and vegetables traditional heated air drying quality low, pollute large, high, the inefficient problem of vacuum freeze drying energy consumption.
Another object of the present invention provides and adopts the said equipment to carry out dry method.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is that a kind of solar energy fruits and vegetables hot air vacuum combined drying equipment comprises drying box, and heat(ing) coil is installed in the drying box, is provided with on the heat(ing) coil for the material disc of placing material; The drying box top has vacuum orifice and moisture exhausting port, and vacuum orifice is connected with water vessel and vavuum pump successively by the vacuum dehumidification tube, is provided with vacuum hydrofuge control valve on the vacuum dehumidification tube; The moisture exhausting port place is equipped with hydrofuge shutter and wet-emitting blower, and moisture exhausting port is connected with air preheater by exhaust duct;
The cold fluid outlet of air preheater links to each other with the hot blast import of drying box through blast pipe; Be provided with the equal wind passage that is connected with blast pipe in the drying box bottom surface;
One side of drying box is provided with solar water heater, solar water heater comprises the water tank that is fixed on solar energy bearing top, the below of water tank is connected with the solar vacuum hot water pipe, electric heater is housed in the water tank, tank top is connected to filling pipe, the water tank bottom side is connected by the interior heat(ing) coil of high temperature water inlet pipe and drying box, and the other end of heat(ing) coil is that the cold water outlet is connected with water pump by the low temperature return pipe, and water pump is connected with the water tank top side portion by the low temperature return pipe;
Be provided with intelligent controller on the outer surface panel of drying box, a side of drying box has chamber door.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of solar energy fruits and vegetables hot blast vacuum combination drying means is specifically implemented according to following steps:
The fruit vegetable materials that will be dried is packed in the drying box, closes chamber door, carries out first heated-air drying: open the air draft control valve by intelligent controller, close vacuum hydrofuge control valve; Open air-introduced machine, wet-emitting blower and water pump, ambient, cool air enters air preheater from air inlet, first by the used heat wind institute preheating of row's self-desiccation case; Then be pressed in the drying box by air-introduced machine, through all from heat(ing) coil acquisition heat fruits and vegetables being carried out heated-air drying behind the even wind of wind passage; Dried used heat wind is by the wet-emitting blower suction, the hydrofuge shutter is opened, remove the preheating cold air in the air preheater, simultaneously, hot water in the water tank enters heat(ing) coil in the drying box by the high temperature water inlet pipe, heat(ing) coil discharges the heat of hot water to hot blast and material and carries out drying, and the hot water temperature behind the releasing heat reduces and becomes cold water and flow out from the other end of heat(ing) coil, is reheated utilization by water pump suction streams recovery tank;
When the fruit vegetable materials heated-air drying is 40～60% degree to water content, enter the second stage vacuum drying: open vacuum hydrofuge control valve by intelligent controller, close air draft control valve and volume control damper, then open successively water pump, vavuum pump and water vessel, the steam that dry materials is evaporated in the drying box is removed by the vacuum dehumidification tube;
Equipment in the course of the work, if drying box inner drying excess Temperature, temperature is higher than 40～60 ℃ during vacuum drying, and temperature is higher than 60～80 ℃ during heated-air drying, turn down flow to the hot water control valve by sending instruction behind the intelligent controller collection signal, otherwise then will tune up to hot water control valve's flow; When the flow of giving the hot water control valve is transferred to maximum, when drying box inner drying temperature can't reach requirement, if be in the vacuum drying stage this moment, then send instruction startup electric heater by intelligent controller and carry out auxiliary heating, if be in the heated-air drying stage, start the hot blast auxiliary heater and carry out auxiliary heating;
Equipment when the water level in the water tank is lower than required value, then sends instruction unpack moisturizing control valve by intelligent controller in the course of the work, by filling pipe water tank is carried out moisturizing.
Characteristics of the present invention also are,
Be provided with the air draft control valve on the exhaust duct wherein.
On blast pipe wherein and the pipeline that drying box is connected air-introduced machine, hot blast auxiliary heater and volume control damper are installed successively.
The moisturizing control valve is installed on the filling pipe wherein.
Be equipped with to the hot water control valve on the high temperature water inlet pipe wherein.
Solar vacuum hot water pipe wherein becomes 25～45 ° of angles with ground.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, solar utilization technique, combination drying technology, energy recovery technology, vacuum technique and automatic control technology are organically combined also synthetically apply to the fruit and vegetable dryness process, have following advantage:
1) the present invention can take full advantage of solar radiant energy take solar energy as main drying source, can save in a large number conventional energy resource, energy-saving and environmental protection, remarkable in economical benefits;
2) the present invention adopts air preheater to reclaim waste heat in the used heat wind, has further improved capacity usage ratio, decrease the energy consumption in the dry run, realized production energy-saving;
3) differently from traditional fruits and vegetables combination drying be, the present invention need not carry and cloth again to fruit vegetable materials when carrying out drying mode conversion (hot blast is converted to vacuum drying), save man power and material's cost, reduced fruit vegetable materials because again carrying the loss that brings with cloth;
4) the present invention adopts " hot blast-vacuum " combination drying technology, both can bring into play that " hot blast " drying efficiency is high, the advantage of good economy performance, also can utilize " vacuum " dried sanitary, sterilization, fresh-keeping, low temperature, the strong point such as efficient, the final products that drying is obtained can not only keep original color, shape, and can preserve to greatest extent various physiologically active nutritional labelings in the fruits and vegetables;
5) the present invention adopts automatic control technology, thereby so that automation degree of equipment is high, simple to operation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of solar energy fruits and vegetables hot air vacuum combined drying equipment of the present invention.
Among the figure, 1. air preheater, 2. exhaust duct, 3. air draft control valve, 4. wet-emitting blower, 5. material and material disc, 6. chamber door, 7. intelligent controller, 8. all wind passage, 9. high temperature water inlet pipe, 10. give hot water control valve, 11. solar water heaters, 12. electric heaters, 13. the solar vacuum hot water pipe, 14. solar energy bearings, 15. moisturizing control valves, 16. filling pipe, 17. water tanks, 18. water pumps, 19. the low temperature return pipe, 20. vavuum pumps, 21. water vessels, 22. the vacuum dehumidification tube, 23. vacuum hydrofuge control valves, 24. hydrofuge shutters, 25. heat(ing) coil, 26. drying boxes, 27. volume control dampers, 28. the hot blast auxiliary heater, 29. air-introduced machines, 30. blast pipes.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The structure of solar energy fruits and vegetables hot air vacuum combined drying equipment of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, comprises air preheater 1, intelligent controller 7, solar water heater 11, vavuum pump 20, water vessel 21, drying box 26, hot blast auxiliary heater 28, air-introduced machine 29 etc.Wherein, heat(ing) coil 25 is installed in the drying box 26, and material and material disc 5 have been put in heat(ing) coil 25 tops, and drying box 26 tops have vacuum orifice and moisture exhausting port, the moisture exhausting port place is equipped with a hydrofuge shutter 24 and wet-emitting blower 4, and drying box 26 bottom face are provided with equal wind passage 8; Drying box 26 moisture exhausting ports are externally connected with exhaust duct 2, and air draft control valve 3 is installed on the exhaust duct 2; Be to take full advantage of the waste heat of discharging in the hot blast during stage when equipment is in heated-air drying, exhaust duct 2 not directly with communicate with ambient air, but be connected with the hot fluid import of air preheater 1, the hot fluid outlet of air preheater 1 is the exhaust outlet of this equipment, the cold fluid import of air preheater 1 is the air inlet of this equipment, communicates with ambient air; The cold fluid outlet of air preheater 1 links to each other with the hot blast import of drying box 26 through blast pipe 30; Be provided with the equal wind passage 8 that is connected with blast pipe 30 in drying box 26 bottom surfaces, on blast pipe 30 and the pipeline that drying box 26 is connected air-introduced machine 29, hot blast auxiliary heater 28 and volume control damper 27 be installed successively; Hot blast auxiliary heater 28 be installed mainly be the needs of considering that overcast and rainy this equipment can also continuous operation.
The vacuum orifice at drying box 26 tops is connected with vacuum dehumidification tube 22, and vacuum hydrofuge control valve 23 is installed on the vacuum dehumidification tube 22; When equipment is in vacuum drying during the stage, being connected with water vessel 21 and vavuum pump 20 by vacuum dehumidification tube 22 vacuumizes, and can remove the steam that is evaporated in the drying box 26, and makes and reach needed vacuum in the case.Solar water heater 11 comprises water tank 17, solar vacuum hot water pipe 13, solar energy bearing 14 etc.; Water tank 17 is fixed on solar energy bearing 14 tops and links to each other with solar vacuum hot water pipe 13 upper ends, and solar vacuum hot water pipe 13 is 25～45 ° of angles with ground; Consider that overcast and rainy this equipment can proceed vacuum drying, an electric heater 12 is housed in water tank 17; For remedying the water consumption, be connected to a filling pipe 16 at water tank 17 tops, a moisturizing control valve 15 is installed on the filling pipe 16; Water tank 17 bottom side are connected by the heat(ing) coil 25 in a high temperature water inlet pipe 9 and the drying box 26, are equipped with one on the high temperature water inlet pipe 9 to hot water control valve 10; The other end of heat(ing) coil 25 is that the cold water outlet is connected with water pump 18 by low temperature return pipe 19, and water pump 18 is connected with water tank 17 top side portion by low temperature return pipe 19.Intelligent controller 7 is fixed on drying box 26 panels; The right side of drying box 26 has the good chamber door of sealing 6.
The present invention is when carrying out fruit and vegetable dryness, and its drying means is as follows: the fruit vegetable materials that will be dried is packed in the drying box 26, closes chamber door 6.Carry out first heated-air drying: open air draft control valve 3 by intelligent controller 7, close vacuum hydrofuge control valve 23; Open air-introduced machine 29, wet-emitting blower 4 and water pump 18, ambient, cool air enters air preheater 1 from air inlet, first by the used heat wind institute preheating of row's self-desiccation case 26; Then be pressed in the drying box 26 by air-introduced machine 29, through all from heat(ing) coil 25 acquisition heats fruits and vegetables being carried out heated-air drying behind the wind passage 8 even wind; Dried used heat wind is by removing the preheating cold air in wet-emitting blower 4 suction (hydrofuge shutter 24 the is opened automatically) air preheater 1.Simultaneously, hot water in the water tank 17 enters heat(ing) coil 25 in the drying box 26 by high temperature water inlet pipe 9, heat(ing) coil 25 discharges the heat of hot water to hot blast and material and carries out drying, hot water temperature behind the releasing heat reduces and becomes cold water from the other end outflow of heat(ing) coil 25, is reheated utilization by water pump 18 suction streams recovery tanks 17.
When fruit vegetable materials heated-air drying to a certain extent the time, then enter the second stage vacuum drying: open vacuum hydrofuge control valve 23 by intelligent controller 7, close air draft control valve 3 and volume control damper 27, then open successively water pump 18, vavuum pump 20 and water vessel 21, this moment is because effective work of vavuum pump 20 and water vessel 21, the steam that drying box 26 interior dry materials are evaporated will be removed by vacuum dehumidification tube 22 very soon, makes and keeps needed constant vacuum in the case.The needed heat of vacuum drying is the same during with heated-air drying, is provided by heat(ing) coil 25 by solar water heater 11.
Equipment in the course of the work, if drying box 26 inner drying excess Temperatures then turn down flow to hot water control valve 10 by sending instruction behind intelligent controller 7 collection signals, otherwise then will tune up to hot water control valve 10 flow; When the flow of giving hot water control valve 10 is transferred to maximum, when drying box 26 inner drying temperature can't reach requirement, show that then dry environmental working condition is undesirable, not enough such as rainy weather or sunlight, if be in the vacuum drying stage this moment, then send instruction startup electric heater 12 by intelligent controller 7 and carry out auxiliary heating, if be in the heated-air drying stage, consider economy, also can start boiler vapor source hot blast auxiliary heater 28 and carry out auxiliary heating.
Equipment in the course of the work, the water in the water tank 17 has certain loss, when water level is lower than required value, then sends instruction unpack moisturizing control valve 15 by intelligent controller 7, carries out moisturizing by 16 pairs of water tanks of filling pipe 17.
Claims (8)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011103994655A CN102487993B (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2011-12-05 | Solar fruit and vegetable hot air vacuum combined drying equipment and drying method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011103994655A CN102487993B (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2011-12-05 | Solar fruit and vegetable hot air vacuum combined drying equipment and drying method |
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| CN102487993A CN102487993A (en) | 2012-06-13 |
| CN102487993B true CN102487993B (en) | 2013-03-06 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103653209B (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-12-30 | 浙江龙驰科技有限公司 | A kind of solar energy vegetable-fruit drying device |
| CN104567295A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-04-29 | 杭州华丹农产品有限公司 | Efficient vacuum low-temperature hot air drying device |
| CN106804701A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-09 | 湖南角山米业有限责任公司 | A kind of rice drying box |
| CN107242287B (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2020-05-22 | 陕西科技大学 | Superheated steam blanching and combined drying integrated processing method and equipment |
| CN107860185B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2023-09-15 | 甘肃农业大学 | Grass drying device |
| CN109953108A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-07-02 | 盐城市怡美食品有限公司 | Fresh ocean fish injects tenderization vacuum dehydration dry integrated machine |
| CN112075601A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-15 | 盐城工学院 | Method for preparing instant shrimp meat by hot air and vacuum combined drying |
| CN112944811A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-11 | 山东新华医疗器械股份有限公司 | Drying system for pulsating vacuum cleaning sterilizer |
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| CN1032447C (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1996-07-31 | 张庆玉 | Vacuum far-infrared heat current drying machine |
| CN2539947Y (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2003-03-12 | 张庆玉 | Vacuum heat flow low temp. dewatering drying fresh-keeping device |
| CN101991070B (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-11-07 | 陕西科技大学 | Color protection and combined drying method of apple chips |
| CN202385706U (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-08-22 | 陕西科技大学 | Box type combined drying device utilizing solar energy to prepare dehydrated fruits and vegetables |
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