CN102487467A - Negotiation control method and system for energy-saving mode - Google Patents

Negotiation control method and system for energy-saving mode Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102487467A
CN102487467A CN2010105877276A CN201010587727A CN102487467A CN 102487467 A CN102487467 A CN 102487467A CN 2010105877276 A CN2010105877276 A CN 2010105877276A CN 201010587727 A CN201010587727 A CN 201010587727A CN 102487467 A CN102487467 A CN 102487467A
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energy saver
onu
saver mode
olt
mode
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臧美燕
张德智
何苑凌
袁立权
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0803Configuration setting
    • H04L41/0823Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability
    • H04L41/0833Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability for reduction of network energy consumption

Abstract

The invention discloses a negotiation control method for an energy-saving mode. The method includes: an optical network unit (ONU) sends the energy-saving modes which are supported by itself to an optical line terminal (OLT); and the OLT configures the energy-saving mode used by the ONU according to the energy-saving modes which are supported by the ONU and itself. The invention discloses a negotiation control system in an energy-saving mode. By using the method and the system, the negotiation consistency of energy-saving modes of the OLT and the ONU is implemented.

Description

A kind of negotiation control method of energy saver mode and system
Technical field
The present invention relates to the interoperability technical field of optical network communication, relate in particular to a kind of negotiation control method and system of energy saver mode.
Background technology
Along with the development of broadband access technology, operator accepts and deployed fiber access network (OAN, Optical Access Network) just gradually, and coming provides more rapid rate and higher-quality service to the user.EPON (PON; Passive Optical Network) technology is a kind of optical fiber access technology of point-to-multipoint; As shown in Figure 1, PON is mainly by optical line terminal (OLT, Optical Line Terminal), optical network unit (ONU; Optical Network Unit) and Optical Distribution Network (ODN, Optical DistributionNetwork) form.Wherein, OLT connects ONU through optical splitter, and OLT and ONU are managed by NM server (NMS Server, Network Management System Server) as each entity.
Along with the progressively Disposition & Operation of global PON system, the quantity of ONU also significantly increases along with increasing of number of broadband customers synchronously.At present, when operator purchases at communication equipment, propose the requirement of energy-saving and emission-reduction aspect one after another, be operated in power consumption under the full load condition greatly about about 9W like: single ONU, concrete numerical value is realized difference to some extent with the equipment of different manufacturers.This power consumption numerical value is also formed the optimization that light makes up along with the integrated level raising and the part of digit chip, also has certain decline space in future, and the European at present power consumption that jointly is desirably in after 2 years can descend about 15%.Therefore, the energy saving of PON equipment becomes more and more important demand.
At present, the energy saver mode of PON equipment support has a variety of, if the energy saver mode that OLT and ONU support is inconsistent, OLT can't effectively control ONU under the ONU energy saver mode so on the one hand, on the other hand, also can the interoperability between OLT and the ONU be impacted.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of negotiation control method and system of energy saver mode, to realize the consensus of OLT and ONU energy saver mode.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
The invention provides a kind of negotiation control method of energy saver mode, this method comprises:
Optical network unit (ONU) sends to optical line terminal (OLT) with the energy saver mode of self supporting;
OLT disposes the energy saver mode of ONU according to self and the energy saver mode that ONU supports.
This method further comprises:
ONU initiatively sends to OLT with the energy saver mode that self supports; Perhaps
OLT is to the energy saver mode of the current support of ONU acquisition request ONU, and ONU sends to OLT according to the request of OLT with the energy saver mode of self current support.
This method further comprises:
For ethernet passive optical network (EPON), OLT wherein is through extended operation management maintenance (eOAM) passage, the energy saver mode of the current support of acquisition request ONU; And/or
ONU sends to OLT through the eOAM passage with the energy saver mode of self current support.
This method further comprises:
For Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON), OLT wherein is through ONU management control channel (OMCI), the energy saver mode of the current support of acquisition request ONU;
ONU sends to OLT through OMCI with the energy saver mode of self current support.
OLT confirms the energy saver mode that ONU uses according to self and the energy saver mode that ONU supports, is specially:
If ONU is current not to support any energy saver mode, then OLT dispose corresponding ONU the content of energy saver mode tabulation for empty;
Only support a kind of energy saver mode if ONU is current, and energy saver mode OLT supports also, then OLT disposes the content of the energy saver mode tabulation of corresponding ONU, is the energy saver mode of the current support of ONU;
If the multiple energy saver mode of the current support of ONU, then OLT disposes the content of the energy saver mode tabulation of corresponding ONU, is the common factor of the energy saver mode that energy saver mode and OLT supported of the current support of ONU.
Wherein, energy saver mode comprises: send " shut " mode" and transmission, receive equal " shut " mode".
Wherein, for EPON, OLT disposes the energy saver mode of ONU through the eOAM passage.
Wherein, for GPON, OLT disposes the energy saver mode of ONU through ONU OMCI.
The present invention also provides a kind of negotiation control system of energy saver mode, and this system comprises: OLT and ONU, wherein,
ONU is used for the energy saver mode of self supporting is sent to OLT;
OLT is used for disposing the energy saver mode that ONU uses according to self and the energy saver mode that ONU supports.
Wherein, ONU initiatively sends to OLT with the energy saver mode that self supports; Perhaps
OLT is to the energy saver mode of the current support of ONU acquisition request ONU, and ONU sends to OLT according to the request of OLT with the energy saver mode of self current support.
Wherein, for EPON, OLT is further used for, and obtains the energy saver mode information of the current support of ONU through the eOAM channel request; And/or
ONU wherein is further used for, and through the eOAM passage energy saver mode information of self current support is sent to OLT.
Wherein, for GPON, OLT is further used for, through the energy saver mode information of the current support of OMCI acquisition request ONU;
ONU wherein is further used for, and through OMCI the energy saver mode information of self current support is sent to OLT.
Wherein, OLT is further used for, and in that ONU is current when not supporting any energy saver mode, the content of energy saver mode tabulation that disposes corresponding ONU is for empty;
Only support a kind of energy saver mode in that ONU is current, and energy saver mode OLT disposes the content of the energy saver mode tabulation of corresponding ONU when also supporting, be the energy saver mode of the current support of ONU;
When the multiple energy saver mode of the current support of ONU, dispose the content of the energy saver mode tabulation of corresponding ONU, be the common factor of the energy saver mode that energy saver mode and OLT supported of the current support of ONU.
Energy saver mode wherein comprises: send " shut " mode" and transmission, receive equal " shut " mode".
Wherein, this system is the EPON system, and OLT is further used for, through the eOAM passage, and the energy saver mode of configuration ONU.
Wherein, this system is the GPON system, and OLT is further used for, through ONU OMCI, and the energy saver mode of configuration ONU.
The negotiation control method of a kind of energy saver mode provided by the invention and system, ONU sends to OLT with the energy saver mode of self supporting; OLT confirms the energy saver mode that ONU uses according to self and the energy saver mode that ONU supports.Through method and system of the present invention, require OLT to support multiple energy saver mode, get access to the energy saver mode that ONU supports according to OLT then, negotiate the energy saver mode to ONU of final support; OLT and the ONU that can make different manufacturers can not go wrong on the coupling of the energy saver mode of supporting when intercommunication, thereby under the demand of energy saving, solve inter-communicating problem smoothly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the configuration diagram of PON in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the negotiation control method flow chart of a kind of energy saver mode of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the negotiation control method flow chart of the energy saver mode of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 4 is the negotiation control method flow chart of the energy saver mode of the embodiment of the invention two;
Fig. 5 is the negotiation control method flow chart of the energy saver mode of the embodiment of the invention three;
Fig. 6 is the negotiation control method flow chart of the energy saver mode of the embodiment of the invention four.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is further set forth in detail.
The present invention is intended to through the negotiation between OLT and the ONU, confirms whether ONU supports the concrete energy saver mode information of energy saver mode and/or support.Based on this, the negotiation control method of a kind of energy saver mode provided by the present invention is as shown in Figure 2, mainly may further comprise the steps:
Step 201, ONU sends to OLT with the energy saver mode of self supporting.
In the practical application, ONU can initiatively send to OLT with the energy saver mode of self supporting; Perhaps OLT is to the energy saver mode of the current support of this ONU of ONU acquisition request, and ONU sends to OLT according to the request of OLT with the energy saver mode of self current support.
Need to prove; For ethernet passive optical network (EPON; Ethernet Passive OpticalNetwork) system; OLT wherein is through extended operation management maintenance (eOAM, extended OperationAdministration and Maintenance) passage, the energy saver mode information of the current support of acquisition request ONU; ONU sends to OLT through the eOAM passage with the energy saver mode information of self current support.
For Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON; Gigabit-Capable Passive Optical Network) system; OLT wherein is through the energy saver mode information of ONU management control channel (OMCI, ONU Management and ControlInterface) the current support of acquisition request ONU; ONU sends to OLT through OMCI with the energy saver mode information of self current support.
Step 202, OLT confirms the energy saver mode that ONU uses according to self and the energy saver mode that ONU supports.
For the simple principle of trying one's best in accordance with ONU, require OLT to support multiple energy saver mode simultaneously.Concrete, do not support any energy saver mode if ONU is current, then the OLT configuration is empty (content in this tabulation representes that promptly ONU can select the energy saver mode that uses) to the content of energy saver mode tabulation that should ONU;
Only support a kind of energy saver mode if ONU is current, and this energy saver mode OLT supports also, then the OLT configuration is the energy saver mode of the current support of this ONU to the content of energy saver mode tabulation that should ONU;
If the multiple energy saver mode of the current support of ONU, then OLT configuration is to the content of energy saver mode tabulation that should ONU, is the common factor of the energy saver mode that energy saver mode and OLT supported of the current support of this ONU.
For example: the energy saver mode that OLT supported comprises energy saver mode (1), energy saver mode (2) ... energy saver mode (n); Do not support any energy saver mode if ONU is current; Then OLT can't be successfully dispose any energy saver mode to this ONU, thereby configuration be a sky to the content of energy saver mode tabulation that should ONU;
If the current energy saver mode (1) of only supporting of ONU; Then OLT can support the information of energy saver mode (1) according to the ONU that gets access to; Confirm that it is energy saver mode (1) that OLT goes up configurable energy saver mode to this ONU, the follow-up energy saver mode (1) that will adopt carries out administration of energy conservation to this ONU; Having only energy saver mode (1) in the tabulation of the configurable energy saver mode of this ONU;
Support multiple energy saver mode simultaneously if ONU is current; Then the information of the OLT multiple energy saver mode of support that can report according to ONU is held consultation, and the common factor of the energy saver mode that OLT and ONU are supported is as the optional energy saving pattern of ONU (to the content of energy saver mode tabulation that should ONU); The selection of the energy saver mode of follow-up this ONU of being directed against can only be selected from this occurs simultaneously, otherwise can't configuration successful.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the negotiation control method of above-mentioned energy saver mode is further set forth in detail.
In embodiments of the invention one, the ONU that OLT connected in the EPON system supports Tx (transmission is closed) pattern, and OLT supports the Tx pattern simultaneously, multiple energy conservation patterns such as TRx (send, receive and all close) pattern.So-called Tx pattern, promptly to close, receive the light function normal for the lighting function of ONU; So-called TRx pattern, promptly ONU periodically closes its sending and receiving light function; Its concrete negotiations process is as shown in Figure 3, mainly may further comprise the steps:
Step 301 is accomplished the Multi-point Control Protocol (MPCP, Muti-Point Control Protocol) that defines among IEEE802.3ah or the IEEE802.3av and is found (DISCOVERY) reciprocal process between OLT and the ONU.
Step 302 is accomplished (OAM DISCOVERY) reciprocal process that defines among IEEE802.3ah or the IEEE802.3av between OLT and the ONU.
Step 303 is accomplished the DISCOVERY reciprocal process of expanding OAM (eOAM, extended OAM) between OLT and the ONU.
Step 304, OLT sends a request message through the eOAM passage, the energy saver mode that ONU supported of the current connection of acquisition request.
Table 1
Figure BSA00000385891700071
Step 305, ONU sends message through the eOAM passage, and as above shown in the table 1, the energy saver mode of its support of notice OLT is the Tx pattern to message instance, and promptly to send the value of the field energy saver mode tenability in the message be 0 to ONU.
Step 306, the information of the support Tx pattern that OLT reports according to ONU is held consultation with the local energy saver mode tabulation of supporting of OLT, confirms that it is the Tx pattern that OLT goes up to the content in the configurable energy saver mode tabulation of this ONU.
Step 307, OLT is through the energy saver mode of expansion OAM (eOAM) configuration ONU, and message instance is as shown in table 2:
Table 2
Figure BSA00000385891700072
Figure BSA00000385891700081
In the message, the value of sleep pattern field is 0x01.Promptly get into the Tx energy saver mode.
In embodiments of the invention two, the ONU that OLT connected in the EPON system does not support any energy saver mode, and OLT supports Tx simultaneously, multiple energy conservation pattern such as TRx, and its concrete negotiations process is as shown in Figure 4, mainly may further comprise the steps:
Step 401 is accomplished the MPCP DISCOVERY reciprocal process that defines among IEEE802.3ah or the IEEE802.3av between OLT and the ONU.
Step 402 is accomplished the OAM DISCOVERY reciprocal process that defines among IEEE802.3ah or the IEEE802.3av between OLT and the ONU.
Step 403 is accomplished eOAM DISCOVERY reciprocal process between OLT and the ONU.
Step 404, OLT sends a request message through the eOAM passage, the energy saver mode that ONU supported of the current connection of acquisition request.
Step 405, ONU sends message through the eOAM passage, and message instance is shown in preceding table 1, and it does not support any energy saver mode notice OLT, and promptly to send the value of the field energy saver mode tenability in the message be 255 to ONU.
Step 406, OLT holds consultation according to the information of not supporting any energy saver mode that ONU reports, and confirms that OLT goes up to the content in the configurable energy saver mode tabulation of this ONU to empty.
In embodiments of the invention three, the ONU that OLT connected in the EPON system supports TRx and Tx, and OLT supports multiple energy conservation patterns such as Tx, TRx simultaneously, and its concrete negotiations process is as shown in Figure 5, mainly may further comprise the steps:
Step 501 is accomplished the MPCP DISCOVERY reciprocal process that defines among IEEE802.3ah or the IEEE802.3av between OLT and the ONU.
Step 502 is accomplished the OAM DISCOVERY reciprocal process that defines among IEEE802.3ah or the IEEE802.3av between OLT and the ONU.
Step 503 is accomplished eOAM DISCOVERY reciprocal process between OLT and the ONU.
Step 504, OLT sends a request message through the eOAM passage, the pattern that ONU supported of the current connection of acquisition request.
Step 505, ONU sends message through the eOAM passage, and message instance is shown in preceding table 1, and it supports Tx pattern and TRx pattern notice OLT, and promptly to send the value of the field energy saver mode tenability in the message be 3 to ONU.
Step 506, support Tx that OLT reports according to ONU and the information of TRx are held consultation, and confirm that it is Tx and TRx pattern that OLT goes up to content in the configurable energy saver mode tabulation of this ONU.
Step 507, OLT is through the energy saver mode of expansion OAM (eOAM) configuration ONU, and message instance is as shown in table 2.In the message, the value of sleep pattern field is 0x04.
In embodiments of the invention four, OLT does not send to ONU and obtains the request that ONU supports energy saver mode, but ONU initiatively reports the ability information of the energy saver mode of its support.As shown in Figure 6, its concrete negotiations process mainly may further comprise the steps:
Step 601 is accomplished the MPCP DISCOVERY reciprocal process that defines among IEEE802.3ah or the IEEE802.3av between OLT and the ONU.
Step 602 is accomplished the OAM DISCOVERY reciprocal process that defines among IEEE802.3ah or the IEEE802.3av between OLT and the ONU.
Step 603 is accomplished eOAM DISCOVERY reciprocal process between OLT and the ONU.
Step 604, ONU sends message through the eOAM passage, and message instance is shown in preceding table 1, and it supports TRx notice OLT, and promptly to send the value of the field energy saver mode tenability in the message be 2 to ONU.
Step 605, OLT holds consultation according to the information of the support TRx pattern that ONU reports, and confirms that it is the TRx pattern that OLT goes up to content in the configurable energy saver mode tabulation of this ONU.
Step 606, OLT is through the energy saver mode of expansion OAM (eOAM) configuration ONU, and message instance is as shown in table 2.In the message, the value of sleep pattern field is 0x03.
The foregoing description is described to the EPON system, and for the GPON system, its realization flow is similar to the above embodiments, and difference only is that OLT and ONU in the GPON system hold consultation through OMCI.
The negotiation control method of corresponding above-mentioned energy saver mode, the present invention also provides a kind of negotiation control system of energy saver mode, comprising: OLT and ONU.Wherein, ONU is used for the energy saver mode of self supporting is sent to OLT; OLT is used for disposing the energy saver mode that ONU uses according to self and the energy saver mode that ONU supports.ONU can initiatively send to OLT with the energy saver mode of self supporting; Perhaps OLT is to the energy saver mode of the current support of ONU acquisition request ONU, and ONU sends to OLT according to the request of OLT with the energy saver mode of self current support.
For EPON, OLT wherein is further used for, and obtains the energy saver mode information of the current support of ONU through the eOAM channel request; ONU wherein is further used for, and through the eOAM passage energy saver mode information of self current support is sent to OLT.OLT is through the energy-conservation information of eOAM configuration ONU.
For the GPON system, OLT wherein is further used for, through the energy saver mode information of the current support of OMCI acquisition request ONU; ONU wherein is further used for, and through OMCI the energy saver mode information of self current support is sent to OLT.OLT is through the energy-conservation information of OMCI configuration ONU.
OLT is further used for, and in that ONU is current when not supporting any energy saver mode, the content of energy saver mode tabulation that disposes corresponding ONU is for empty; Only support a kind of energy saver mode in that ONU is current, and this energy saver mode OLT disposes the content of the energy saver mode tabulation of corresponding ONU when also supporting, be the energy saver mode of the current support of ONU; When the multiple energy saver mode of the current support of ONU, configuration is to the content of energy saver mode tabulation that should ONU, is the common factor of the energy saver mode that energy saver mode and OLT supported of the current support of ONU.
Energy saver mode wherein comprises: Tx sends " shut " mode" and TRx sends, receives equal " shut " mode".
When this system was the EPON system, OLT was further used for, through the eOAM passage, and the energy saver mode of configuration ONU.
When this system was the GPON system, OLT was further used for, through ONU OMCI, and the energy saver mode of configuration ONU.
In sum, through the present invention, when the PON system need carry out energy saving when control to ONU, the time ONU configurable energy saver mode selection can through between OLT and the ONU each other negotiation result decide; OLT and the ONU that can make different manufacturers so can not go wrong on the coupling of the energy saver mode of supporting when intercommunication, thereby under the demand of energy saving, solve inter-communicating problem smoothly.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not to be used to limit protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (16)

1. the negotiation control method of an energy saver mode is characterized in that, this method comprises:
Optical network unit (ONU) sends to optical line terminal (OLT) with the energy saver mode of self supporting;
Said OLT disposes the energy saver mode of said ONU according to self and the energy saver mode that ONU supports.
2. according to the negotiation control method of the said energy saver mode of claim 1, it is characterized in that this method further comprises:
Said ONU initiatively sends to OLT with the energy saver mode that self supports; Perhaps
Said OLT is to the energy saver mode of the current support of the said ONU of ONU acquisition request, and said ONU sends to OLT according to the request of OLT with the energy saver mode of self current support.
3. according to the negotiation control method of the said energy saver mode of claim 2, it is characterized in that this method further comprises:
For ethernet passive optical network (EPON), said OLT is through extended operation management maintenance (eOAM) passage, the energy saver mode of the current support of the said ONU of acquisition request; And/or
Said ONU sends to said OLT through the eOAM passage with the energy saver mode of self current support.
4. according to the negotiation control method of the said energy saver mode of claim 2, it is characterized in that this method further comprises:
For Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON), said OLT is through ONU management control channel (OMCI), the energy saver mode of the current support of the said ONU of acquisition request;
Said ONU sends to said OLT through OMCI with the energy saver mode of self current support.
5. according to the negotiation control method of each said energy saver mode of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that said OLT confirms the energy saver mode that ONU uses according to self and the energy saver mode that ONU supports, is specially:
Do not support the content of energy saver mode tabulation that any energy saver mode, then said OLT dispose corresponding said ONU for empty if said ONU is current;
Only support a kind of energy saver mode if said ONU is current, and said energy saver mode OLT supports also, then said OLT disposes the content of the energy saver mode tabulation of corresponding said ONU, is the energy saver mode of the current support of said ONU;
If the multiple energy saver mode of the current support of said ONU, then said OLT dispose the content of the energy saver mode tabulation of corresponding said ONU, be the common factor of the energy saver mode that energy saver mode and OLT supported of the current support of said ONU.
6. according to the negotiation control method of the said energy saver mode of claim 5, it is characterized in that said energy saver mode comprises: send " shut " mode" and transmission, receive equal " shut " mode".
7. according to the negotiation control method of the said energy saver mode of claim 1, it is characterized in that for EPON, said OLT disposes the energy saver mode of said ONU through the eOAM passage.
8. according to the negotiation control method of the said energy saver mode of claim 1, it is characterized in that for GPON, said OLT disposes the energy saver mode of said ONU through ONU OMCI.
9. the negotiation control system of an energy saver mode is characterized in that, this system comprises: OLT and ONU, wherein,
Said ONU is used for the energy saver mode of self supporting is sent to said OLT;
Said OLT is used for disposing the energy saver mode that said ONU uses according to self and the energy saver mode that ONU supports.
10. according to the negotiation control system of the said energy saver mode of claim 9, it is characterized in that said ONU initiatively sends to OLT with the energy saver mode that self supports; Perhaps
Said OLT is to the energy saver mode of the current support of the said ONU of ONU acquisition request, and said ONU sends to OLT according to the request of OLT with the energy saver mode of self current support.
11. the negotiation control system according to the said energy saver mode of claim 10 is characterized in that,
For EPON, said OLT is further used for, and obtains the energy saver mode information of the current support of said ONU through the eOAM channel request; And/or
Said ONU is further used for, and through the eOAM passage energy saver mode information of self current support is sent to said OLT.
12. the negotiation control system according to the said energy saver mode of claim 10 is characterized in that,
For GPON, said OLT is further used for, through the energy saver mode information of the current support of the said ONU of OMCI acquisition request;
Said ONU is further used for, and through OMCI the energy saver mode information of self current support is sent to said OLT.
13. the negotiation control system according to each said energy saver mode of claim 9 to 12 is characterized in that said OLT is further used for,
In that said ONU is current when not supporting any energy saver mode, the content of energy saver mode tabulation that disposes corresponding said ONU is for empty;
Only support a kind of energy saver mode in that said ONU is current, and said energy saver mode OLT disposes the content of the energy saver mode tabulation of corresponding said ONU when also supporting, be the energy saver mode of the current support of said ONU;
When the multiple energy saver mode of the current support of said ONU, dispose the content of the energy saver mode tabulation of corresponding said ONU, be the common factor of the energy saver mode that energy saver mode and OLT supported of the current support of said ONU.
14. the negotiation control system according to the said energy saver mode of claim 13 is characterized in that, said energy saver mode comprises: send " shut " mode" and transmission, receive equal " shut " mode".
15. the negotiation control system according to the said energy saver mode of claim 9 is characterized in that, said system is the EPON system, and said OLT is further used for, and through the eOAM passage, disposes the energy saver mode of said ONU.
16. the negotiation control system according to the said energy saver mode of claim 9 is characterized in that,
Said system is the GPON system, and said OLT is further used for, and through ONU OMCI, disposes the energy saver mode of said ONU.
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