CN102480048A - Base station antenna - Google Patents
Base station antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN102480048A CN102480048A CN2011102544942A CN201110254494A CN102480048A CN 102480048 A CN102480048 A CN 102480048A CN 2011102544942 A CN2011102544942 A CN 2011102544942A CN 201110254494 A CN201110254494 A CN 201110254494A CN 102480048 A CN102480048 A CN 102480048A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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Abstract
The invention relates to a base station antenna, which comprises an antenna module with a plurality of vibrators and a metamaterial module arranged corresponding to the vibrators; the metamaterial module comprises a plurality of metamaterial sheet layers; a plurality of refractive index circles are formed by taking any point on each metamaterial sheet layer as a circle centre; a plurality of concentric refractive index circles form a circular refractive index distribution region; a polar coordinate system is established by taking the circle centre of the refractive index circle as a pole O and taking any ray Oy parallel to the metamaterial sheet layer and by taking the pole O as the endpoint; the refractive index n(y) of any refractive index circle with the semi-diameter of y on the metamaterial sheet layer is FORMULA; in the formula, l represents the distance from the vibrator to the metamaterial sheet layer; gamma represents wavelength of the electromagnetic wave; d represents a serial number of the super refractive index distribution region; and floor represents a downward rounding function; therefore, the directivity of the base station antenna is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electromagnetic communication field, more particularly, relate to a kind of antenna for base station.
Background technology
Antenna for base station is the visual plant that guarantees mobile communication terminal realization wireless access.Along with the development of mobile communications network, the distribution of base station is more and more intensive, and the directivity of antenna for base station is had higher requirement, and to avoid the phase mutual interference, lets the farther of electromagnetic wave propagation.
Generally, we represent the directivity of antenna for base station with half-power angle.In the power radiation pattern, in a certain plane that comprises main lobe greatest irradiation direction, the angle that drops to relative greatest irradiation direction power flux-density between 2 of half place (or less than maximum 3dB) calls half-power angle.In the field strength pattern, in a certain plane that comprises main lobe greatest irradiation direction, drop to 0.707 times of angle of locating to relative greatest irradiation direction field intensity and be also referred to as half-power angle.Half-power angle is also claimed half-power bandwidth.Half-power bandwidth comprises horizontal plane half-power bandwidth and vertical plane half-power bandwidth.And the electromagnetic wave propagation of antenna for base station distance is determined by the vertical plane half-power bandwidth.The vertical plane half-power bandwidth is more little, and the gain of antenna for base station is big more, and the electromagnetic wave propagation distance is just far away more, otherwise the gain of antenna for base station is just more little, and the electromagnetic wave propagation distance is also just near more.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is, provides that a kind of half-power bandwidth is little, the antenna for base station of good directionality.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of antenna for base station; Comprise the ultra material module that Anneta module with a plurality of oscillators and corresponding these oscillators are provided with; Said ultra material module comprises at least one ultra sheet of material; Wherein being that the center of circle forms a plurality of refractive indexes circle, the round-formed annular refraction index profile district of some concentric refractive indexes on each ultra sheet of material; The center of circle with refractive index circle is limit O, be parallel to arbitrary of said ultra sheet of material is that the ray Oy of end points is that pole axis is set up polar coordinate system with said limit O, and the then said ultra sheet of material radius of taking up an official post is that the refractive index n (y) of the refractive index circle of y is:
In the formula, l is the distance that oscillator arrives said ultra sheet of material; λ is electromagnetic wavelength; D is the thickness of said ultra sheet of material,
n
MaxAnd n
MinRepresent largest refractive index and minimum refractive index on the said ultra sheet of material respectively;
K representes the upward sequence number in the annular refraction index profile district at any point place of refractive index circle, and floor is downward bracket function.
Preferably; Each ultra sheet of material is arranged by a plurality of ultra material cell and is formed; Ultra material cell with said limit O place is that the center of circle forms a plurality of concentric circless; Let each ultra material cell of said ultra sheet of material lay respectively on these concentric circless, form a said annular refraction index profile district by being positioned at some concentrically ringed ultra material cell; Be attached with the identical artificial micro-structural of topology on the ultra material cell of each of each ultra sheet of material; The physical dimension that is positioned at the said artificial micro-structural of arranging on same concentrically ringed each ultra material cell in each annular refraction index profile district is all identical; Increase along with concentrically ringed diameter; The physical dimension that is positioned at the said artificial micro-structural of arranging on each concentrically ringed ultra material cell reduces, and the physical dimension that is positioned at the said artificial micro-structural of arranging on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of minimum diameter in each annular refraction index profile district all equates, is positioned at the physical dimension of the said artificial micro-structural of arranging on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of maximum gauge and all equates.
Preferably; Each ultra sheet of material is arranged by a plurality of ultra material cell and is formed; Ultra material cell with said limit O place is that the center of circle forms a plurality of concentric circless; Let each ultra material cell of said ultra sheet of material lay respectively on these concentric circless, form a said annular refraction index profile district by being positioned at some concentrically ringed ultra material cell; All be formed with the identical circular aperture of the degree of depth on the ultra material cell of each of each ultra sheet of material; The diameter that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on same concentrically ringed each ultra material cell in each annular refraction index profile district is all identical; Increase along with concentrically ringed diameter; The diameter that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on each concentrically ringed ultra material cell increases, and the diameter that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of minimum diameter in each annular refraction index profile district all equates, is positioned at the diameter of the said aperture that forms on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of maximum gauge and all equates.
Preferably; Each ultra sheet of material is arranged by a plurality of ultra material cell and is formed; Ultra material cell with said limit O place is that the center of circle forms a plurality of concentric circless; Let each ultra material cell of said ultra sheet of material lay respectively on these concentric circless, form a said annular refraction index profile district by being positioned at some concentrically ringed ultra material cell; All be formed with the identical circular aperture of diameter on the ultra material cell of each of each ultra sheet of material; The degree of depth that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on same concentrically ringed each ultra material cell in each annular refraction index profile district is all identical; Increase along with concentrically ringed diameter; The degree of depth that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on each concentrically ringed ultra material cell increases, and the diameter that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of minimum diameter in each annular refraction index profile district all equates, is positioned at the diameter of the said aperture that forms on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of maximum gauge and all equates.
Preferably; Each ultra sheet of material is arranged by a plurality of ultra material cell and is formed; Ultra material cell with said limit O place is that the center of circle forms a plurality of concentric circless; Let each ultra material cell of said ultra sheet of material lay respectively on these concentric circless, form a said annular refraction index profile district by being positioned at some concentrically ringed ultra material cell; All be formed with the diameter circular aperture all identical that quantity does not wait on the ultra material cell of each of each ultra sheet of material with the degree of depth; The quantity that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on same concentrically ringed each ultra material cell in each annular refraction index profile district is all identical; Increase along with concentrically ringed diameter; The quantity that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on each concentrically ringed ultra material cell increases, and the quantity that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of minimum diameter in each annular refraction index profile district all equates, is positioned at the quantity of the said aperture that forms on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of maximum gauge and all equates.
Preferably, the refractive index that refractive index all equates, the maximum gauge refractive index is round of the circle of the minimum diameter refractive index in each annular refraction index profile district of each ultra sheet of material all equates.
Preferably, said ultra material module comprises a plurality of ultra sheet of material that are superimposed along sheet surfaces, forms identical annular refraction index profile district on each ultra sheet of material.
The refractive index of the refractive index circle that preferably, the diameter in the corresponding annular refraction index profile district of each ultra sheet of material is identical is all identical.
Preferably; At least one side of said ultra material module is provided with the impedance matching film; Each impedance matching film comprises a plurality of impedance matching layers; Each impedance matching layer is the uniform dielectric with single refractive index, and the refractive index of each impedance matching layer is along with being gradually changed to approaching or equaling on the said ultra material module the refractive index near the ultra sheet of material of said impedance matching film by the refractive index that approaches or equal air the closer to said ultra material module.
Preferably; In the refractive index of each impedance matching layer
formula; M representes total number of plies of each impedance matching film; I representes the sequence number of impedance matching layer, and the sequence number near the impedance matching layer of said ultra material module is m.
Antenna for base station of the present invention has following beneficial effect: through on said ultra sheet of material, forming a plurality of refractive index circles with the refractive index that satisfies above-mentioned formula; Refractive index by the refractive index circle is the segmented distribution and on said ultra sheet of material, forms a plurality of annular refraction index profile district; The big direction deviation of phase refractive index when making the electromagnetic wave of launching by oscillator pass said ultra material module; Thereby changed the electromagnetic wave propagation path; Reduced the half-power bandwidth of antenna for base station, improved its directivity and gain, let the farther of electromagnetic wave propagation.
Description of drawings
To combine accompanying drawing and embodiment that the present invention is described further below.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of antenna for base station of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the front enlarged drawing of the Anneta module among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the cross section enlarged drawing of a ultra sheet of material of the ultra material module among Fig. 1, has wherein set up a polar coordinate system;
Fig. 4 is the ultra sheet of material among Fig. 3 is separated into a plurality of annular refraction index profile district under the polar coordinate system of being set up a front enlarged drawing;
Fig. 5 is the refractive index circle distribution schematic diagram in correspondence a plurality of annular refraction index profile district shown in Figure 4;
Fig. 6 is the sketch map of arranging of the artificial micro-structural of the round ultra sheet of material of formed part that distributes of the refractive index of corresponding diagram 5;
Fig. 7 is the sketch map of arranging of the aperture of the round ultra sheet of material of formed part that distributes of the refractive index of corresponding diagram 5;
Fig. 8 is another sketch map of arranging of the aperture of the round ultra sheet of material of formed part that distributes of the refractive index of corresponding diagram 5;
Fig. 9 is the structural representations of the both sides of ultra material module of the present invention when covering an impedance matching film respectively.
The name that each label is corresponding among the figure is called:
10 antenna for base station, 12 Anneta modules, 14 base plates, 16 oscillators, 20 surpass material module, 22,32 surpass sheet of material, 222,322 substrates, 223,323 surpass material cell, 224 artificial micro-structurals, 24,34 annular refraction index profile districts, 26,36 concentric circless, 324 apertures, 40 impedance matching films, 42 impedance matching layers
Embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of antenna for base station, one surpasses material module half-power bandwidth is diminished through on emission of the electromagnetic wave of antenna or receive direction, being provided with, to improve its directivity and gain.
We know, electromagnetic wave is propagated by a kind of uniform dielectric and can be reflected when getting into other a kind of uniform dielectric, and this is because the refractive index difference of two media causes.And for non-uniform dielectric, electromagnetic wave also can reflect in medium inside and to the bigger position deviation of refractive index ratio.And refractive index equals
also is that the refractive index of medium depends on its dielectric constant and magnetic permeability.
Ultra material is a kind ofly to be elementary cell and to carry out spatial arrangement, have the artificial composite material of special electromagnetic response with ad hoc fashion with artificial micro-structural.General ultra material comprises a plurality of ultra sheet of material; Each ultra sheet of material constitutes (each artificial micro-structural and the substrate portion people that adhered to thereof are for being defined as a ultra material cell) by artificial micro-structural and the substrate that is used to adhere to artificial micro-structural; It (also is each ultra material cell that topology through regulating artificial micro-structural and physical dimension can change each point on the substrate; Because the size of each ultra material cell should be preferably 1/10th less than 1/5th of the wavelength of incident electromagnetic wave, and is generally very small; So each ultra material cell can regard as a bit, down with) dielectric constant and magnetic permeability.Therefore; We can utilize the topology of artificial micro-structural and/or dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability that physical dimension is come each point on the modulation substrate; Thereby the refractive index of each point on the substrate is changed with certain rule; Be able to control electromagnetic wave propagation, and be applied to have the occasion of special electromagnetic response demand.Experiment showed, that the physical dimension of artificial micro-structural is big more on unit are under the identical situation of the topology of artificial micro-structural, the dielectric constant of each point is big more on the substrate; Otherwise dielectric constant is more little.Also be; Under the situation that the topology of artificial micro-structural is confirmed; Can modulate its dielectric constant through letting on the substrate size of the physical dimension of the artificial micro-structural of each point satisfy certain rules; Be superimposed when forming ultra material when be ultra sheet of material that certain rule arranges with a plurality of this artificial micro-structurals, the refractive index of ultra material space each point also is this rule distribution, can reach the purpose in change electromagnetic wave propagation path.In addition, we also can offer aperture and form this refraction index profile rule on substrate.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, said antenna for base station 10 comprises Anneta module 12 and ultra material module 20, and said Anneta module 12 comprises that base plate 14 and array arrangement are in the oscillator 16 of said base plate 14.Be 4 * 9 arrays of every adjacent two row's oscillators 16 interlaced arrangements shown in the figure, in other embodiment, can arrange with any-mode, arrange like matrix for any amount of oscillator 16.Said ultra material module 20 comprises that a plurality of edges perpendicular to the ultra sheet of material 22 that the direction of sheet surfaces (also being the electromagnetic wave emission or the receive direction of antenna for base station) is formed by stacking, are 3 situations that the direct each other in twos forward and backward surface of ultra sheet of material 22 bonds together mutually shown in the figure.During practical implementation, the number of said ultra sheet of material 22 can increase and decrease according to demand, and each ultra sheet of material 22 also can be arranged equally spacedly and fitted together.Because the refraction index profile rule of each ultra sheet of material 22 is all identical, describes as an example so only choose a ultra sheet of material 22 below.
The principle of in medium, propagating according to above electromagnetic wave; Can on said ultra sheet of material 22, form a plurality of concentric annular refraction index profile districts 24; Let the refractive index of each annular refraction index profile district 24 interior space each point satisfy following rule: the center of circle with said annular refraction index profile district 24 is that the center of circle forms a plurality of concentric refractive indexes circles; The refractive index that same refractive index circle is gone up each point is all identical; And along with the increase of refractive index diameter of a circle, the refractive index of each refractive index circle reduces and decrease increases.For each annular refraction index profile district 24, the refractive index that the refractive index that the annular refraction index profile district 24 interior minimum diameter refractive indexes that diameter is bigger are justified is justified greater than the less adjacent annular refraction index profile district 24 interior maximum gauge refractive indexes of diameter.Below introduce the refractive index segmentation regularity of distribution that minimum diameter refractive indexes circle and refractive indexes of maximum gauge refractive index circle in each annular refraction index profile district 24 on a kind of said ultra sheet of material 22 equate (also being that the variations in refractive index scope is identical) respectively.
We on can said ultra sheet of material 22 wherein for limit O, to be parallel to arbitrary of said ultra sheet of material 22 be that the ray Oy of end points is that pole axis is set up polar coordinate system with said limit O; Then for any point (y on the said pole axis Oy; 0), its refractive index should satisfy following relational expression:
Wherein, l is the distance of oscillator 16 to said ultra sheet of material 22 surfaces; λ is electromagnetic wavelength;
function promptly directly removes the last maximum integer of fractional part.
We are the center of circle, are that radius is made a circle promptly forms each point on said ultra sheet of material 22 all identical refractive index circle of refractive index with y with the limit O of said polar coordinate system, and are that radius forms a plurality of concentric refractive indexes circles as bowlder with different y.By the round-formed said annular refraction index profile district 24 of some refractive indexes; And the refractive index of the minimum diameter refractive index circle in each annular refraction index profile district 24 all equates, the refractive index of maximum gauge refractive index circle all equates, thereby on said ultra sheet of material 22, forms a plurality of refractive index circles that satisfy aforementioned refraction index profile rule.At this moment, k is the sequence number that the refractive index circle is gone up the annular refraction index profile district 24 at any point place
As an example, we with on the said ultra sheet of material 22 roughly over against the position at the center of said Anneta module 12 as the limit O of said polar coordinate system, the position of then said polar coordinate system on said ultra sheet of material 22 is as shown in Figure 3; In addition; We are that the center of circle forms a plurality of concentric circless separated by a distance with the limit O of said polar coordinate system; In order to expression refractive index circle, then just be separated to form a said annular refraction index profile district 24 between the neighboring concentric circle in twos, like this; The distribution in the annular refraction index profile district 24 on the said ultra sheet of material 22 is that available Fig. 4 representes (concentric circles dots among the figure); Be merely four three said annular refraction index profile districts 24 that concentric circles was separated to form separated by a distance among Fig. 4, and, represent with a point among the figure because the concentrically ringed diameter of minimum diameter is zero.Be called first, second and the 3rd annular refraction index profile district 24 respectively if we become three big said annular refraction index profile districts 24 with diameter, and its refractive index of increase along with the refractive index diameter of a circle is respectively n in the first annular refraction index profile district 24
Max, n
11..., n
1p, n
Min, its refractive index of increase along with the refractive index diameter of a circle in the second annular refraction index profile district 24 is respectively n
Max, n
21..., n
2m, n
Min, its refractive index of increase along with the refractive index diameter of a circle in the 3rd annular refraction index profile district 24 is respectively n
Max, n
31..., n
3n, n
Min, following relational expression is then arranged:
n
max≥n
11≥…≥n
1p≥n
min (2)
n
max≥n
21≥…≥n
2m≥n
min (3)
n
max≥n
31≥…≥n
3n≥n
min (4)
Equal sign all can not be got simultaneously in formula (2), (3), (4), and p, m, n are the natural number greater than 0.
Preferably, p=m=n.
Refraction index profile rule for the circle of the refractive indexes in the annular refraction index profile district shown in three shown in the presentation graphs 4 intuitively 24; We represent the refractive index circle with a plurality of concentric circless; The size of representing refractive index with the density of line; The close more refractive index of line is big more, and the thin more refractive index of line is more little, and the variations in refractive index rule of each refractive index circle on the then said ultra sheet of material 22 is as shown in Figure 5.
For a plurality of said ultra sheet of material 22; We let it be superimposed along the direction perpendicular to sheet surfaces; And form identical annular refraction index profile district 24 on each ultra sheet of material 22; And the refractive index that the identical refractive index of the diameter in the corresponding annular refraction index profile district 24 on each ultra sheet of material 22 is justified is all identical, thereby forms said ultra material module 20.
Below how we illustrate through arranging of artificial micro-structural and let the refraction index profile on each ultra sheet of material 22 satisfy formula (1).Please refer to shown in Figure 6ly, each ultra sheet of material 22 comprises substrate 222 and attached to a plurality of artificial micro-structural 224 on the said substrate 222.Said substrate 222 can be processed by high molecular polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene or ceramic material.Said artificial micro-structural 224 is generally plane with certain topology or the stereochemical structure that metal wire such as copper cash or silver-colored line constitute; And through certain processing technique attached on the said substrate 222, for example etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics are carved, ion quarter etc.Generally; We with each artificial micro-structural 224 and the substrate 222 part people that adhered to thereof for being defined as a ultra material cell 223; And the size of each ultra material cell 223 should less than the electromagnetic wavelength that will respond 1/5th; Be preferably 1/10th, so that 22 pairs of electromagnetic waves of said ultra sheet of material produce continuous response.It is thus clear that each ultra sheet of material 22 can be regarded as and formed by a plurality of ultra material cell 223 array arrangements.Because said ultra material cell 223 is very small, can be similar to and regard a point as, therefore, circle just can be regarded as and formed along circumferential row system by numerous said ultra material cell 223.Like this; We can said ultra sheet of material 22 arbitrary ultra material cell 223 for the center of circle forms a plurality of concentric circless 26; Shown in dotted line among the figure; Thereby each ultra material cell 223 of said ultra sheet of material 22 is laid respectively on these concentric circless 26, form a said annular refraction index profile district 24 by the ultra material cell 223 that is positioned at some concentric circless 26; Let on said artificial micro-structural 224 each the ultra material cell 223 with identical topology attached to said ultra sheet of material 22; And make the physical dimension of the said artificial micro-structural 224 of arranging on each ultra material cell 223 of the same concentric circles 26 that roughly is positioned at each annular refraction index profile district 24 all identical; Increase along with the diameter of concentric circles 26; The physical dimension that is positioned at the said artificial micro-structural 224 of arranging on the ultra material cell 223 of each concentric circles 26 reduces, and the physical dimension that is positioned at the said artificial micro-structural 224 of arranging on each ultra material cell 223 of minimum diameter concentric circles 26 in each annular refraction index profile district 24 all equates, is positioned at the physical dimension of the said artificial micro-structural 224 of arranging on each ultra material cell 223 of maximum gauge concentric circles 26 and all equates.Owing to the said artificial micro-structural 224 on each the ultra material cell 223 that roughly is positioned at different-diameter concentric circles 26 has characterized different dielectric constants and magnetic permeability together with the appropriate section of substrate 222; And along with the diameter of the concentric circles 26 at said ultra material cell 223 places increases, the dielectric constant of said ultra material cell 223 reduces.So; Promptly on said ultra sheet of material 22, form a plurality of concentric refractive index circles; And in each annular refraction index profile district 24, the refractive index of these concentric refractive index circles constantly reduces, and the refractive index of the minimum diameter refractive index circle in each annular refraction index profile district 24 all equates, the refractive index of maximum gauge refractive index circle all equates; Formation is along with the increase of refractive index diameter of a circle, and its refractive index is segmented or discontinuously arranged rule.The arrange sketch map of said artificial micro-structural 224 on each ultra material cell 223 of the said ultra sheet of material 22 of part that be merely shown in Figure 6; Wherein, The center of circle of concentric circles 26 is the ultra material cell 223 that is positioned at the center of ultra sheet of material 22 shown in the figure, said artificial micro-structural 224 be alabastrine planar metal micro-structural and in each annular refraction index profile district 24 increase along with the diameter of concentric circles 26 be scaled down.In fact, the arrangement mode of said artificial micro-structural 224 is multiple in addition, and can let the width of the lines that constitute said artificial micro-structural 224 equate, but simplified manufacturing technique like this.
In addition, we also can form the refraction index profile rule that satisfies formula (1) through offering aperture on the substrate 222 of said ultra sheet of material 22.As shown in Figure 6, said ultra sheet of material 32 comprises substrate 322 and is formed on a plurality of apertures 324 on the said substrate 322.Said aperture 324 can the suitable technology of different corresponding employings be formed on the said substrate 322 according to the material of said substrate 322.For example when said substrate 322 is processed by high molecular polymer; Can on said substrate 322, form said aperture 324 through technologies such as drilling machine boring, punch forming or injection mo(u)ldings, on said substrate 322, form said aperture 324 through technologies such as drilling machine boring, punch forming or high temperature sinterings and process Shi Zeke by ceramic material when said substrate 322.We also with the substrate 322 part people at each aperture 324 and place thereof for being defined as a ultra material cell 323, and the size of each ultra material cell 323 should be less than 1/5th of the wavelength of incident electromagnetic wave.Like this, said ultra sheet of material 32 also can be regarded as and formed by a plurality of ultra material cell 323 array arrangements.
Can be known that by experiment when the medium of filling in the said aperture 324 was air, the volume that said aperture 324 accounts for whole ultra material cell 323 was big more, the refractive index of said ultra material cell 323 is more little.Like this; The same; Form along circumferential row system because circle can be regarded as by numerous said ultra material cell 323, the arbitrary ultra material cell 323 that we can said ultra sheet of material 32 is a plurality of concentric circless 36 for the center of circle forms, shown in dotted line in scheming; Thereby each ultra material cell 323 of said ultra sheet of material 32 is laid respectively on these concentric circless 36, form a said annular refraction index profile district 34 by the ultra material cell 323 that is positioned at some concentric circless 36; On each ultra material cell 323, form a said aperture 324; Let the degree of depth all identical with diameter (being that volume is identical) of the said aperture 324 that forms on each ultra material cell 323 of the same concentric circles 36 that roughly is positioned at each annular refraction index profile district 34; Along with the increase of the diameter of concentric circles 36, the degree of depth that is positioned at the said aperture 324 that forms on the ultra material cell 323 of each concentric circles 36 is constant and diameter increases.So that on said ultra sheet of material 32, form a plurality of concentric refractive index circles; And in each annular refraction index profile district 34; The refractive index of these concentric refractive index circles constantly reduces; The refractive index of the minimum diameter refractive index circle in each annular refraction index profile district 34 all equates, the refractive index of maximum gauge refractive index circle equates that all form the increase along with the refractive index diameter of a circle, its refractive index is segmented or discontinuously arranged rule.The arrange sketch map of said aperture 324 on each ultra material cell 323 of the said ultra sheet of material 32 of part that be merely shown in Figure 7, wherein, the center of circle of concentric circles 36 is the ultra material cell 323 that is positioned at the center of ultra sheet of material 32 shown in the figure.
In like manner; We also can let the said aperture 324 with same diameter be arranged on these concentric circless 36; In each annular refraction index profile district 34 along with the increase of concentrically ringed diameter; Form the refraction index profile rule that satisfies formula (1) through the degree of depth of adjusting said aperture 324, thereby form the identical annular refraction index profile district 34 of a plurality of variations in refractive index scopes.And; Said aperture 324 accounts for the volume of whole ultra material cell 323 and not only can realize through on said ultra material cell 323, forming the different said aperture 324 of physical dimension; Also can be and physical dimension said aperture 324 identical or inequality is realized through forming on said ultra material cell 323 that quantity does not wait, as shown in Figure 8.
When forming said ultra material module 20; Let each said ultra sheet of material 22 be superimposed along sheet surfaces; And make way for the identical said artificial micro-structural 244 of physical dimension of arranging on the concentrically ringed ultra material cell 223 of same diameter; Perhaps let each said ultra sheet of material 32 be superimposed along sheet surfaces; And make way for and form the identical one or more said aperture 324 of volume that accounts for whole ultra material cell 323 on the concentrically ringed ultra material cell 323 of same diameter, make the refractive index of the identical refractive index circle of diameter on each said ultra sheet of material 22 all identical.
By on can know; Have the artificial micro-structural 224 or the aperture 324 of certain topology and/or physical dimension and let it arrange through on each ultra sheet of material 22 or 32 of said ultra material module 20, being provided with according to certain rules; Can be able to modulate the dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability of each ultra material cell 22 or 32; Thereby on each ultra sheet of material 22 or 32, form the refraction index profile rule that satisfies formula (1); Also promptly form increase reduce and the variations in refractive index scope identical annular refraction index profile district 24 or 34 of a plurality of refractive indexes with the refractive index diameter of a circle, make electromagnetic wave to specific direction deviation, the half-power bandwidth that can reduce antenna for base station diminishes; Improve its directivity and gain, let the farther of electromagnetic wave propagation.
In addition; Because air is different with the refractive index of said ultra material module 20; Also can launch during the said ultra material module 20 of electromagnetic wave incident and outgoing, at this moment, we are provided with the impedance matching film in said ultra material module 20 both sides usually and reduce reflection of electromagnetic wave.As shown in Figure 9; Said ultra material module 20 both sides form an impedance matching film 40 respectively; Each impedance matching film 40 comprises a plurality of impedance matching layers compressed together 42; Each impedance matching layer 42 is uniform dielectrics; Have single refractive index, each impedance matching layer 42 has different refractive indexes, and along with the closer to said ultra material module 20 its refractive indexes by the refractive index that approaches or equal air gradually change to approach or equal said ultra material module 20 near the ultra sheet of material 22 of said impedance matching film 40 or 32 refractive index.The refractive index of each impedance matching layer 42 all satisfies following formula:
In the formula, m representes total number of plies of the impedance matching film 40 of said ultra material module 20 1 sides, and i representes the sequence number of impedance matching layer 42, and the sequence number near the impedance matching layer 42 of said ultra material module 20 is m.Can know the largest refractive index n of total number of stories m of each impedance matching layer 42 and the ultra sheet of material 22 of said ultra material module 20 or 32 from formula (5)
MaxWith minimum refractive index n
MinDirect relation is arranged; When i=1, the refractive index of the impedance matching layer 42 that formula (5) expression contacts with air, it should approach or equal the refractive index of air, and is visible, as long as n
MaxWith n
MinConfirm, just can confirm total number of stories m of each impedance matching layer 42.
The similar of each said impedance matching layer 42 is in said ultra sheet of material 22 or 32; Comprise substrate respectively and attached to the artificial micro-structural on the said substrate or be formed at the aperture on the said substrate; Physical dimension through modulating artificial micro-structural or aperture makes the refractive index of each impedance matching layer 42 reach required requirement, thereby realizes the coupling from air to said ultra sheet of material 22 or 32 with/topology.Certainly, said impedance matching film 40 can be a plurality ofly to be had single refractive index materials and process by what occurring in nature existed.
When the both sides of said ultra material module 20 were provided with said impedance matching film 40 respectively, the l in the formula (1) was the distance of oscillator 16 to impedance matching film hithermost with it 40 surfaces.
The above only is a plurality of embodiment of the present invention and/or embodiment, should not be construed as limiting the invention.For those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from basic thought of the present invention, can also make a plurality of improvement and retouching, and these improvement and retouching also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.Such as; The refraction index profile rule of formula (1) also can topology or topology through said artificial micro-structural 224 or aperture 324 combine physical dimension to realize, and also can fill the refractive index that medium that refractive index has nothing in common with each other changes each ultra material cell 323 in the said aperture 324.
Claims (10)
1. antenna for base station; It is characterized in that; Comprise the ultra material module that Anneta module with a plurality of oscillators and corresponding these oscillators are provided with; Said ultra material module comprises at least one ultra sheet of material, on each ultra sheet of material wherein being that the center of circle forms a plurality of refractive indexes circle, the round-formed annular refraction index profile district of some concentric refractive indexes; The center of circle with refractive index circle is limit O, be parallel to arbitrary of said ultra sheet of material is that the ray Oy of end points is that pole axis is set up polar coordinate system with said limit O, and the then said ultra sheet of material radius of taking up an official post is that the refractive index n (y) of the refractive index circle of y is:
In the formula, l is the distance that oscillator arrives said ultra sheet of material; λ is electromagnetic wavelength; D is the sequence number in said ultra
shape refraction index profile district, and floor is downward bracket function.
2. antenna for base station according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Each ultra sheet of material is arranged by a plurality of ultra material cell and is formed; Ultra material cell with said limit O place is that the center of circle forms a plurality of concentric circless, lets each ultra material cell of said ultra sheet of material lay respectively on these concentric circless, forms a said annular refraction index profile district by being positioned at some concentrically ringed ultra material cell; Be attached with the identical artificial micro-structural of topology on the ultra material cell of each of each ultra sheet of material; The physical dimension that is positioned at the said artificial micro-structural of arranging on same concentrically ringed each ultra material cell in each annular refraction index profile district is all identical; Increase along with concentrically ringed diameter; The physical dimension that is positioned at the said artificial micro-structural of arranging on each concentrically ringed ultra material cell reduces, and the physical dimension that is positioned at the said artificial micro-structural of arranging on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of minimum diameter in each annular refraction index profile district all equates, is positioned at the physical dimension of the said artificial micro-structural of arranging on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of maximum gauge and all equates.
3. antenna for base station according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Each ultra sheet of material is arranged by a plurality of ultra material cell and is formed; Ultra material cell with said limit O place is that the center of circle forms a plurality of concentric circless, lets each ultra material cell of said ultra sheet of material lay respectively on these concentric circless, forms a said annular refraction index profile district by being positioned at some concentrically ringed ultra material cell; All be formed with the identical circular aperture of the degree of depth on the ultra material cell of each of each ultra sheet of material; The diameter that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on same concentrically ringed each ultra material cell in each annular refraction index profile district is all identical; Increase along with concentrically ringed diameter; The diameter that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on each concentrically ringed ultra material cell increases, and the diameter that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of minimum diameter in each annular refraction index profile district all equates, is positioned at the diameter of the said aperture that forms on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of maximum gauge and all equates.
4. antenna for base station according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Each ultra sheet of material is arranged by a plurality of ultra material cell and is formed; Ultra material cell with said limit O place is that the center of circle forms a plurality of concentric circless, lets each ultra material cell of said ultra sheet of material lay respectively on these concentric circless, forms a said annular refraction index profile district by being positioned at some concentrically ringed ultra material cell; All be formed with the identical circular aperture of diameter on the ultra material cell of each of each ultra sheet of material; The degree of depth that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on same concentrically ringed each ultra material cell in each annular refraction index profile district is all identical; Increase along with concentrically ringed diameter; The degree of depth that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on each concentrically ringed ultra material cell increases, and the diameter that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of minimum diameter in each annular refraction index profile district all equates, is positioned at the diameter of the said aperture that forms on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of maximum gauge and all equates.
5. antenna for base station according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Each ultra sheet of material is arranged by a plurality of ultra material cell and is formed; Ultra material cell with said limit O place is that the center of circle forms a plurality of concentric circless, lets each ultra material cell of said ultra sheet of material lay respectively on these concentric circless, forms a said annular refraction index profile district by being positioned at some concentrically ringed ultra material cell; All be formed with the diameter circular aperture all identical that quantity does not wait on the ultra material cell of each of each ultra sheet of material with the degree of depth; The quantity that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on same concentrically ringed each ultra material cell in each annular refraction index profile district is all identical; Increase along with concentrically ringed diameter; The quantity that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on each concentrically ringed ultra material cell increases, and the quantity that is positioned at the said aperture that forms on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of minimum diameter in each annular refraction index profile district all equates, is positioned at the quantity of the said aperture that forms on concentrically ringed each the ultra material cell of maximum gauge and all equates.
6. antenna for base station according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the refractive index of the minimum diameter refractive index circle in each annular refraction index profile district of each ultra sheet of material all equates, the refractive index of maximum gauge refractive index circle all equates.
7. antenna for base station according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said ultra material module comprises a plurality of ultra sheet of material that are superimposed along sheet surfaces, forms identical annular refraction index profile district on each ultra sheet of material.
8. antenna for base station according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the refractive index of the refractive index circle that the diameter in the corresponding annular refraction index profile district of each ultra sheet of material is identical is all identical.
9. antenna for base station according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; At least one side of said ultra material module is provided with the impedance matching film; Each impedance matching film comprises a plurality of impedance matching layers; Each impedance matching layer is the uniform dielectric with single refractive index, and the refractive index of each impedance matching layer is along with being gradually changed to approaching or equaling on the said ultra material module the refractive index near the ultra sheet of material of said impedance matching film by the refractive index that approaches or equal air the closer to said ultra material module.
10. antenna for base station according to claim 9; It is characterized in that; In the refractive index of each impedance matching layer
formula; M representes total number of plies of each impedance matching film; I representes the sequence number of impedance matching layer, and the sequence number near the impedance matching layer of said ultra material module is m.
Priority Applications (2)
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| CN 201110254494 CN102480048B (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2011-08-31 | Base station antenna |
| PCT/CN2011/084555 WO2013029325A1 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2011-12-23 | Base station antenna |
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| CN 201110254494 CN102480048B (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2011-08-31 | Base station antenna |
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| CN102480048B CN102480048B (en) | 2013-03-13 |
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| CN 201110254494 Active CN102480048B (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2011-08-31 | Base station antenna |
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| CN (1) | CN102480048B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013029325A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
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| CN103185840A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-03 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Method and device for selecting test points of artificial electromagnetic material |
| CN109802207A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-24 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十六研究所 | A kind of microwave window of low return loss |
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| CN103185840A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-03 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Method and device for selecting test points of artificial electromagnetic material |
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| CN102769206A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-11-07 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Horn lens antenna |
| CN102769207A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-11-07 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Metamaterial cloaking device |
| CN102769207B (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-12-24 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Metamaterial cloaking device |
| CN102769206B (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2015-03-11 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Horn lens antenna |
| CN102760959B (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2015-04-15 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Meta-material hiding device |
| CN109802207A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-24 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十六研究所 | A kind of microwave window of low return loss |
| CN109802207B (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2024-05-10 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十六研究所 | Microwave window with low return loss |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102480048B (en) | 2013-03-13 |
| WO2013029325A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
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