CN102477595A - Pitch-based carbon fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pitch-based carbon fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pitch-based carbon fiber and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: putting a mixed solution of direct coal liquefaction residue powder and a tetrahydroquinoline solvent in an autoclave, heating up to 150-400 DEG C and pressurizing to 2-50 MPa after replacing the air in the autoclave with nitrogen, simultaneously introducing hydrogen for hydrogenation, removing most sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen contained in the primary residue via vacuum distillation, removing the undissolved substances of the tetrahydroquinoline via vacuum filtration, recovering and recycling the tetrahydroquinoline solvent via vacuum distillation; finally obtaining the pitch-based carbon fibers after performing the processes of melt spinning, preoxidation, low-temperature carbonization, high-temperature carbonization, surface treatment, post treatment and the like on the soluble substances of the tetrahydroquinoline.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of asphalt base carbon fiber and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The energy is the basis of the national economic development, and oil then is the lifeblood of the national economic development.Fast development along with Chinese national economy; Driven domestic petroleum petroleum chemicals demand than staggering growth; And domestic petroleum can't satisfy the demands far away; Thereby cause national petroleum import amount and year all increase, on the one hand country need every year to consume substantial contribution be used for Imported oil, on the other hand because the also serious threat Chinese national economy of uncertainty of the nervous and supply of crude oil is stable develops fast." rich coal, oil-poor, weak breath ' ' energy resource structure present situation, the oil demand that continues rapid growth and the requirement of sustainable development determined China must walk the road of independent development oil replacement and novel energy; we can make full use of the actual conditions of rich coal resources in China; greatly develop coal liquefaction; do like this and can reduce on the one hand the depending on unduly of external crude oil, for Chinese national economy fast, stable and sustainable development gives security; Can solve the China's oil shortage of resources on the other hand, optimize energy resource structure, strengthen the worsening shortages of national energy strategic materials reserve ability, also can improve the coal resources utilization rate simultaneously, alleviate pollution that caused by coal burning, the protection environment with the reply oil.For this reason, the direct coal liquefaction technology industrialization listed at present country " 11th Five-Year ' ' plan and even a strategic task of following medium-term and long-term energy construction.Making coal change into oil through direct liquefaction, is to solve one of China's oil shortage important channel.
Direct coal liquefaction technology is through high temperature, high pressure and hydrogenation, under catalyst action, the solid coal is directly changed into the clean coal technology of being convenient to transportation and a kind of advanced person of operable liquid fuel (gasoline, diesel oil, aviation kerosine etc.) or industrial chemicals of cleaning.
Yet; In the process of coal direct liquefaction; Except obtaining fluid products such as needed gasoline, diesel oil, also produced the main accessory substance coal directly-liquefied residue one by one that accounts for feed coal total amount 20% ~ 30%, so many level of residue will produce very big influence to the thermal efficiency and the economy of liquefaction process; How it is carried out comprehensive processing and utilization, extracting value product, improving the business economic benefit is to produce closely-related important topic with coal direct liquefaction.
Coal directly-liquefied residue is the mixture of a kind of high charcoal, high ash, high-sulfur; Outward appearance is the solid of pitch shape; Inorganic mineral in the bitumen that its main body is produced by the coal liquefaction process, part mink cell focus, the feed coal in unconverted coal, the coal and the catalyst for coal liquefaction that adds are formed, and ash content and catalyst content account for about 20% of coal liquefaction residue total amount.Coal directly-liquefied residue is raised to more than the softening point (about 180 ℃) in temperature and just can flows, and caloric value is about 25MJ/kg.Owing to also do not have DCL/Direct coal liquefaction large-scale industrial production device formally to put into production in the world at present; And this residue is the special outcome that in the past PETROLEUM PROCESSING and coal chemical industry are not all met, and is fewer to the fundamental property and the processing and utilization former studies of residue.
The utilization of the coal directly-liquefied residue of developing at present or developing is by way of mainly containing: act as a fuel and directly in boiler and kiln, burn so that energy to be provided; Utilize separation method with the come out asphalt modifier of production high added value of the heavy separating organic matters of liquefied residue medium pitch matter; Utilize gasification technology to prepare synthesis gas and hydrogen; Coal directly-liquefied residue is carried out destructive distillation handle the oil that reclaims in the residue, to improve the yield of fluid product.
Carbon fiber has that high strength, high-modulus, high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, shock-resistant, thermal coefficient of expansion approach zero, low-density, particular performances such as conduct electricity very well, and is widely used in fields such as space flight, aviation, military project, automobile, medical treatment, chemical industry, building, cultural and sports facility.By employed raw material classification, carbon fiber can be divided into polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibre, asphalt base carbon fiber, gluing base carbon fibre and phenolic resins carbon fiber etc.At present, carbon fiber product is mainly polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibre and asphalt base carbon fiber, other carbon fiber seldom, wherein polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibre output accounts for 70%, and asphalt base carbon fiber accounts for 30%.Since the asphalt base carbon fiber raw material sources extensively, lower, the price of production cost be about polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibre 1/3 ~ 1/4, high, the good rigidly of carbon yield and characteristics such as have a extensive future provide good opportunity for the development of exploitation asphalt base carbon fiber.
The main literature of relevant coal direct liquefaction residue utilization has: CN 1827697A, CN18 07715A, Fuel Proces s ing Technology (2 000; 62:109-118), coal conversion (2001; 24 (1): 15-19), combustion science and technology (2006; 12 (4): 295-299), the chemistry of fuel journal (2007,35 (1): 109-112) etc., but at present also as yet not bibliographical information be the method for feedstock production asphalt base carbon fiber with the coal direct liquefaction residue.
Summary of the invention
To above problem, it is the asphalt base carbon fiber and preparation method thereof of feedstock production with the coal directly-liquefied residue that the present invention provides a kind of.
According to the invention is that the method for feedstock production asphalt base carbon fiber comprises with the coal directly-liquefied residue:
1) coal directly-liquefied residue is ground to form particle diameter 0.O and foretell 0.3 micron powder, and fully mix, obtain mixed solution with tetrahydroquinoline; Mixed solution is packed in the autoclave; Utilize heat (15 0-400 ℃), pressurize behind the air in the nitrogen replacement still (2-5 0MPa); Feed hydrogen simultaneously and carry out hydrogenation, remove elements such as most of sulphur contained in the former residue, oxygen, nitrogen through decompression distillation, adopt filtration under diminished pressure; Remove the tetrahydroquinoline insoluble matter, get asphalt stock;
2) asphalt stock is carried out melt spinning under 300-400 ℃, get precursor;
3) precursor is carried out pre-oxidation treatment, get preparatory oxygen silk;
4) preparatory oxygen silk is carried out carbonization treatment, obtain carbon filament;
5) carbon filament is carried out surface treatment, promptly get asphalt base carbon fiber.
Coal directly-liquefied residue in the inventive method is meant the main accessory substance that produces in the coal liquefaction process; It is the mixture of a kind of high charcoal, high ash, high-sulfur; Outward appearance is the solid of pitch shape; Inorganic mineral in the bitumen that its main body is produced by the coal liquefaction process, part mink cell focus, the feed coal in unconverted coal, the coal and the catalyst for coal liquefaction that adds are formed. and ash content and catalyst content account for about 20% of coal liquefaction residue total amount; It is raised to more than the softening point (about 180 ℃) in temperature and just can flows, and caloric value is about 25MJ/kg.
Mainly be to utilize tetrahydroquinoline to make solvent in the step 1) of the present invention, remove elements such as most of sulphur contained in the former residue, oxygen, nitrogen through high temperature, pressurization, hydrogenation, obtain asphalt stock through filtration and solvent recovery.Ability those skilled in the art can and combine this area general knowledge to confirm the use amount of tetrahydroquinoline according to concrete coal directly-liquefied residue, as preferred embodiment,
The powder of the coal directly-liquefied residue in the inventive method step 1) and the mass ratio of tetrahydroquinoline are 1:5-1:1
The viscosity of the asphalt stock step 2 according to the invention) can combine this area general knowledge to confirm by those skilled in the art, and the viscosity of the preferred asphalt stock of the present invention is 2-18Pa.S.
Pre-oxidation treatment in the step 3) according to the invention can adopt the conventional pre-oxidation treatment technology in this area; Oxidation pre-treatment of the present invention includes but not limited to 200-300 ℃ of oxidation furnace inner control temperature; Wherein temperature is divided into three sections in the stove; First section temperature 200-230 ℃, second section temperature 230-280 ℃, the 3rd section temperature 280-300 ℃, the reaction time is foretold 3 hours; Bubbling air then.
Equally; Carbonization treatment in the step 4) according to the invention can adopt the conventional carbonization treatment technology in this area, the present invention includes but is not limited to: preparatory oxygen silk is carried out low temperature and high temperature cabonization respectively under temperature 600-800 ℃, time 20-40 minute and 00 ℃ of 800-12, time 20-40 minute condition.Further the carbonization treatment in the preferred said step 4) also comprises: adopt nitrogen protection in the carbonization treatment process.
Surface treatment in the step 5) according to the invention can be adopted the conventional process for treating surface in this area, the present invention includes but is not limited to etching, gluing, oven dry.
The present invention is that the method for feedstock production asphalt base carbon fiber is preferably with the coal directly-liquefied residue:
Utilize grinder that coal directly-liquefied residue is ground to form particle diameter 0.O and foretell 0.3 micron powder, the residue powder is fully mixed being made into mixed solution then with tetrahydroquinoline with the ratio of 1:5-1:1, mixed solution is packed in the autoclave; Utilize heat (15 0-400 ℃), pressurize behind the air in the nitrogen replacement still (2-5 0MPa) to feed hydrogen simultaneously and carry out hydrogenation; Remove elements such as most of sulphur contained in the former residue, oxygen, nitrogen through decompression distillation, adopt filtration under diminished pressure, remove the tetrahydroquinoline insoluble matter; Get asphalt stock; In addition, reclaim the tetrahydroquinoline solvent through decompression distillation, and recycle;
Asphalt stock is carried out melt spinning under 300-400 ℃ of spinning temperature condition, obtain precursor;
With the precursor behind the melt spinning under the bubbling air situation; Interior temperature 200-300 ℃ of control stove; Wherein temperature is divided into three sections in the stove; First section temperature 200-230 ℃, second section temperature 230-280 ℃, the 3rd section temperature 280-300 ℃, time are foretold under 3 hours the condition and are carried out pre-oxidation treatment, preparatory oxygen silk:
Preparatory oxygen silk is successively carried out under temperature 600-800 ℃, time 20-40 minute and temperature 800-1200 ℃, time 20-40 minute condition, and under protection of nitrogen gas, carry out carbonization treatment, obtain carbon filament;
Carbon filament is carried out surface treatment, promptly obtain asphalt base carbon fiber;
The invention still further relates to the prepared asphalt base carbon fiber of said method, said asphalt base carbon fiber filament diameter is 10-30 um, and tensile strength is that 900 ~ 1800MPa, elastic modelling quantity are 5 0-150GPa.
The raw material that the present invention adopted is the accessory substance that produced of a DCL/Direct coal liquefaction process solid residue one by one, and it has abundant, the cheap characteristics of raw material sources.The present invention has made full use of asphaltene and the preceding asphaltene that the industrialization accessory substance is contained in the coal directly-liquefied residue one by one; And mainly condensing the alkyl substituent that exists on aromatic hydrocarbon and the aromatic ring by many rings, asphaltene and preceding asphaltene form; Through in pitch modulation, hydrogenation and filter process, removing elements such as ash content in the former residue, catalyst and contained most of sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen, promptly can be used as the raw material of preparation asphalt base carbon fiber.
Liquefied residue after modulated process is handled through melt spinning, pre-oxidation, the resulting smooth surface of carbonization technique, size evenly, have asphalt base carbon fiber the novel asphalt base carbon fibre of intrinsic characteristic.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a liquefied residue modulated process flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is feedstock production asphalt base carbon fiber process chart for the present invention utilizes liquefied residue.
The specific embodiment
Further explain the present invention through following examples at present, but the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
10 kilograms of coal directly-liquefied residues are ground to form the powder of particle diameter 0.01-0.3 micron.The coal directly-liquefied residue powder is fully mixed with 20 kilograms of tetrahydroquinolines, obtain mixed solution.This mixed solution is packed in the autoclave, utilize air in the nitrogen replacement still, heating then, pressurizeing feeds hydrogen simultaneously and carries out hydrogenation; Remove elements such as most of sulphur contained in the former residue, oxygen, nitrogen through decompression distillation, adopt filtration under diminished pressure, remove the tetrahydroquinoline insoluble matter, reclaim the tetrahydroquinoline solvent, recycle through decompression distillation.Carry out melt spinning with the asphalt stock heating and melting that produces in the pitch modulated process and through spinning machine, control material viscosity 10Pa.S in spinning process, 350 ℃ of spinning temperatures obtain precursor through melt spinning.Precursor introduced being connected with that three sections temperature are respectively in air, the stove, 300 ℃ of 260 ℃, the 3rd section temperature of 210 ℃, second section temperature of first section temperature, 2.5 hours reaction time, thus obtain preparatory oxygen silk.Preparatory oxygen silk under the nitrogen protection condition, is carried out carbonization treatment respectively, thereby obtains carbon filament under 600 ℃ of temperature, 30 minutes time and 1000 ℃, 30 minutes time condition; Carbon filament is carried out surface treatment promptly obtain asphalt base carbon fiber, its performance is seen table 1.
Embodiment 2
10 kilograms of coal directly-liquefied residues are ground to form particle diameter 0.0 foretell 0.3 micron powder.The coal directly-liquefied residue powder is fully mixed with 30 kilograms of tetrahydroquinolines, obtain mixed solution.This mixed solution is packed in the autoclave, utilize air in the nitrogen replacement still, heating then, pressurizeing feeds hydrogen simultaneously and carries out hydrogenation; Remove elements such as most of sulphur contained in the former residue, oxygen, nitrogen through decompression distillation, adopt filtration under diminished pressure, remove the tetrahydroquinoline insoluble matter, reclaim the tetrahydroquinoline solvent, recycle through decompression distillation.Carry out melt spinning with the asphalt stock heating and melting that produces in the pitch modulated process and through spinning machine, control material viscosity 15Pa.S in spinning process, 38 0 ℃ of spinning temperatures obtain precursor through melt spinning.Precursor introduced being connected with that three sections temperature are respectively in air, the stove, 280 ℃ of 250 ℃, the 3rd section temperature of 200 ℃, second section temperature of first section temperature, 2 hours reaction time, thus obtain preparatory oxygen silk.Preparatory oxygen silk under the nitrogen protection condition, is carried out carbonization treatment respectively, thereby obtains carbon filament under 700 ℃ of temperature, 20 minutes time and 900 ℃, 30 minutes time condition; Carbon filament is carried out surface treatment promptly obtain asphalt base carbon fiber, its performance is seen table 1.
Embodiment 3
10 kilograms of coal directly-liquefied residues are ground to form the powder of particle diameter 0. 01-0.3 micron.The coal directly-liquefied residue powder is fully mixed with 40 kilograms of tetrahydroquinolines, obtain mixed solution.This mixed solution is packed in the autoclave, utilize air in the nitrogen replacement still, heating then, pressurizeing feeds hydrogen simultaneously and carries out hydrogenation; Remove elements such as most of sulphur contained in the former residue, oxygen, nitrogen through decompression distillation, adopt filtration under diminished pressure, remove the tetrahydroquinoline insoluble matter, reclaim the tetrahydroquinoline solvent, recycle through decompression distillation.Carry out melt spinning with the asphalt stock heating and melting that produces in the pitch modulated process and through spinning machine, control material viscosity 18Pa.S in spinning process, 400 ℃ of spinning temperatures obtain precursor through melt spinning.Precursor introduced being connected with that three sections temperature are respectively in air, the stove, 300 ℃ of 270 ℃, the 3rd section temperature of 210 ℃, second section temperature of first section temperature, 3 hours reaction time, thus obtain preparatory oxygen silk.Preparatory oxygen silk under the nitrogen protection condition, is carried out carbonization treatment respectively, thereby obtains carbon filament under 800 ℃ of temperature, 30 minutes time and 900 ℃, 30 minutes time condition; Carbon filament is carried out surface treatment promptly obtain asphalt base carbon fiber, its performance is seen table 1.
Table 1 is prepared pitch and carbon fiber performance
Claims (3)
1. asphalt base carbon fiber and preparation method thereof is characterized in that, said method comprises:
1) coal directly-liquefied residue is ground to form the powder of particle diameter 0. 01-0.3 micron, and fully mix, obtain mixed solution with tetrahydroquinoline; Mixed solution is packed in the autoclave, utilize heat behind the air in the nitrogen replacement still 150-400 ℃, pressurization 2-5 0MPa, feed hydrogen simultaneously and carry out hydrogenation, remove most of sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen contained in the former residue through decompression distillation; Adopt filtration under diminished pressure, remove the tetrahydroquinoline insoluble matter, get asphalt stock;
2) asphalt stock is carried out melt spinning under 300-400 ℃, get precursor;
3) precursor is carried out pre-oxidation treatment, get preparatory oxygen silk;
4) preparatory oxygen silk is carried out carbonization treatment, obtain carbon filament;
5) carbon filament is carried out surface treatment, promptly get asphalt base carbon fiber.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The powder of the coal directly-liquefied residue in the said step 1) and the mass ratio of tetrahydroquinoline are 1:5-1:1;
The viscosity of the asphalt stock 1), said step 2) is 2-18Pa.S;
2), the pre-oxidation treatment in the said step 3) comprises: 200-300 ℃ of oxidation furnace inner control temperature; Wherein temperature is divided into three sections in the stove; First section temperature 200-230 ℃, second section temperature 230-280 ℃, the 3rd section temperature 280-300 ℃, reaction time 1-3 hour; Bubbling air then;
3), the carbonization treatment in the said step 4) comprises: preparatory oxygen silk is carried out low temperature and high temperature cabonization respectively under temperature 600-800 ℃, time 20-40 minute and 800-1200 ℃, time 20-40 minute condition;
4), the carbonization treatment in the said step 4) also comprises: adopt nitrogen protection in the carbonization treatment process;
5), the surface treatment in the said step 5) comprises etching, gluing, oven dry.
3. an asphalt base carbon fiber that makes according to the arbitrary said method of claim 1-2 is characterized in that the filament diameter of said pitch-based fiber is 10-30um, and tensile strength is 900-1800MPa, and elastic modelling quantity is 50-150GPa.
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| CN102704042A (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2012-10-03 | 遇秉武 | Method for preparing pitch-based carbon fiber |
| CN104674381A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-06-03 | 山东莱芜润达新材料有限公司 | High-carbon-yield asphalt-phenolic fiber |
| CN104790069A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-07-22 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Pre-processing method for asphalt stock for spinning |
| CN105734723A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-06 | 山东瑞城宇航碳材料有限公司 | Method for manufacturing ultrahigh-modulus graphite fiber continuous filament from coal tar |
| CN106544758A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-29 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of preparation method of high modulus pitch-based carbon fiber |
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| CN107904698A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-13 | 东华大学 | A kind of preparation method of asphalt base carbon fiber |
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| CN109856331A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-06-07 | 陕西天策新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of characterizing method of asphaltic base oxidization fiber degree of oxidation |
| CN112028659A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-04 | 湖南大学 | Carbon graphite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112538362A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-23 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for improving rheological property of coal tar pitch |
| CN114214758A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-03-22 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for preparing general-grade carbon fiber from coal liquefaction residues |
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| CN102704042B (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2013-11-27 | 遇秉武 | Method for preparing pitch-based carbon fiber |
| CN102704042A (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2012-10-03 | 遇秉武 | Method for preparing pitch-based carbon fiber |
| CN104674381A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-06-03 | 山东莱芜润达新材料有限公司 | High-carbon-yield asphalt-phenolic fiber |
| CN104790069A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-07-22 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Pre-processing method for asphalt stock for spinning |
| CN105734723A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-06 | 山东瑞城宇航碳材料有限公司 | Method for manufacturing ultrahigh-modulus graphite fiber continuous filament from coal tar |
| CN109154108A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2019-01-04 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Manufacturing method, carbon fiber and the electric double layer capacitor pole of carbon fiber |
| CN106544758A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-29 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of preparation method of high modulus pitch-based carbon fiber |
| CN106567158A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-04-19 | 宁波艾盛环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method of bioactive carbon fiber |
| CN107488456A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-19 | 江苏天诺环境工程技术开发有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of high β resin modified asphalts |
| CN107904698A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-13 | 东华大学 | A kind of preparation method of asphalt base carbon fiber |
| CN107904698B (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2020-04-17 | 东华大学 | Preparation method of asphalt-based carbon fiber |
| CN109856331A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-06-07 | 陕西天策新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of characterizing method of asphaltic base oxidization fiber degree of oxidation |
| CN109856331B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2021-11-19 | 陕西天策新材料科技有限公司 | Characterization method of oxidation degree of asphalt-based pre-oxidized fibers |
| CN112028659A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-04 | 湖南大学 | Carbon graphite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112028659B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2021-09-10 | 湖南大学 | Carbon graphite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112538362A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-23 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for improving rheological property of coal tar pitch |
| CN114214758A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-03-22 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for preparing general-grade carbon fiber from coal liquefaction residues |
| CN114214758B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-08-02 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for preparing general-grade carbon fiber from coal liquefaction residues |
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Application publication date: 20120530 |