CN102474201A - Power converter with multi-level voltage output and harmonics compensator - Google Patents

Power converter with multi-level voltage output and harmonics compensator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102474201A
CN102474201A CN2009801602157A CN200980160215A CN102474201A CN 102474201 A CN102474201 A CN 102474201A CN 2009801602157 A CN2009801602157 A CN 2009801602157A CN 200980160215 A CN200980160215 A CN 200980160215A CN 102474201 A CN102474201 A CN 102474201A
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China
Prior art keywords
voltage
transducer
terminal
multiple levels
phase
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Pending
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CN2009801602157A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
拉尔斯-埃里克·尤林
汉斯·彼得·尼
伦纳特·哈内福什
比约恩·雅各布松
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ABB Technology AG
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ABB T&D Technology AG
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Publication of CN102474201A publication Critical patent/CN102474201A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H02M1/15—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using active elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters

Abstract

A multi-level voltage converter for converting a DC voltage into an AC voltage and vice versa comprisesa first control unit (30) and at least one phase leg (1) between a first DC terminal (4) and a second DC terminal (5), where the at least one phase leg (1) comprises a first voltage source (Uvp1) between the first DC terminal (4) and a first AC terminal (6) and a second voltage source (Uvn1) between the first AC terminal (6) and the second DC terminal (5) and where the first control unit (30) controls the first and second voltage sources (Uvp1, Uvn1). The converter comprises further at least one coupling inductor (18) being coupled in series with the at least one phase leg (1), an actively controlled harmonics compensator (21) being connected to the at least one coupling inductor (18), and a second control unit (23) being adapted to control the output of the harmonics compensator (21) so as to reduce harmonics in a circulating current (ic ) flowing through the at least one phase leg (1).

Description

Power converter with voltage with multiple levels output harmonic compensator
Technical field
The present invention relates to be known as power converter many level translators, that have voltage with multiple levels output, it is suitable for converting direct voltage to converting direct-current voltage into alternating-current voltage or with alternating voltage.Many level translators comprise first control unit and at least one arm mutually between first dc terminal and second dc terminal; Wherein the phase arm is included in first voltage source and second voltage source between first ac terminal and second dc terminal between first dc terminal and first ac terminal, and first control unit is controlled first voltage source and second voltage source.
Background technology
In the prior art, knownly use many level translators for the harmonic distortion in the output that reduces voltage source converter.Many level translators are the transducers that in each phase arm, have power semiconductor switch; Power switched semiconductor switch wherein; Make output voltage (perhaps, under the situation of multiphase converter, being a plurality of output voltages) can present some discrete level, like what in DE10103031, seen.In many level translators of in DE10103031, describing; In first voltage source and second voltage source each all comprises first submodule and second submodule that is connected in series at least, and wherein each submodule comprises two electronic power switches half-bridge form, that be connected in parallel with capacitor.
In WO 2008/067785A1, the many level translators according to DE10103031 are disclosed, these many level translators comprise at least one inductor in addition in each phase arm.Usually the transducer adjusting device of controlling many level translators via electronic power switch is also regulated the circulation (circulating current) that flows through the phase arm.Circulation is closed and do not get into the electric current of AC network through ac terminal between the phase arm.
If via controlling circulation like the described common transducer adjusting device of WO 2008/067785A1, then the rated voltage of the electronic power switch of transducer must allow to regulate the required extra voltage of circulation with the mode of expectation.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of permission and regulate the power converter of circulation, wherein influence the required rated voltage of power semiconductor switch as few as possible with the mode of expectation.
Through realizing this purpose according to the device of claim 1.
According to the present invention, aforesaid being used for comprises with converting direct-current voltage into alternating-current voltage or with the device that alternating voltage converts direct voltage to: at least one coupling inductor, and it in series is coupled at least one phase arm; The harmonic compensation device of active control (actively controlled harmonics compensator), it is connected to said at least one coupling inductor; Second control unit, it is suitable for controlling the output of said harmonic compensation device, flows through the harmonic wave in the circulation of said at least one phase arm with minimizing.
The present invention is based on the understanding to the following fact: the expectation mode of optimum adjustment circulation is the harmonic wave that occurs in CF that reduces in the circulation, rather than reduces circulation generally.The inventor recognizes: during the electronic power switch of each switching converter, the harmonic wave that occurs in the circulation causes the loss of increase.Under the worst situation, have some harmonic waves of special high amplitude in the circulation even can cause system unstable.Described in WO 2008/067785A1, the introducing of extra phase inductance device helps to obtain the electric current restriction generally in the converter circuit, but can't avoid specific harmonic wave equally.
The harmonic compensation device of active control that is used to reduce or under best situation, stops fully the harmonic wave of crest amplitude through introducing; First control unit of having avoided controlling the power semiconductor switch of many level translators is found and is considered the maximum interference component in the circulation, thereby can reduce the demand to the rated voltage of power semiconductor switch.
Examine according to the harmonic wave in the circulation of many level translators of DE10103031 and disclosed following content: the principal component that it is the twice of alternating voltage fundamental frequency that the voltage ripple sum on the submodule of two voltage sources in phase arm shows its frequency spectrum medium frequency.This dominant frequency component produces the parasitic harmonic wave that frequency equally also is the twice of fundamental frequency (parasitic harmonic) component in circulation.Only if this component is limited with certain mode, otherwise can cause the loss that increases, even may cause system unstable.
Therefore, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, arrange the control of harmonic compensation device, with reduce in the circulation, frequency is the harmonic wave of the twice of alternating voltage fundamental frequency.
Description of drawings
Following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings, other features and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious for those skilled in the art, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 illustrates many level translator topologys well known in the prior art;
That Fig. 2 illustrates is well known in the prior art, the setting of the voltage source in the phase arm of the transducer of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 illustrates two different embodiment of the submodule in the transducer of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2;
One of many level translators that Fig. 4 illustrates is according to an embodiment of the invention, have the harmonic compensation device and second control unit arm mutually;
Fig. 5,6 and 7 illustrate respectively according to different embodiments of the invention, each mutually arm be in series with the many level translators of three-phase of phase inductance device;
Fig. 8 a, Fig. 8 b illustrate have the current mode power converter embodiment of harmonic compensation device of (current-stiff power converter);
The many level translators of three-phase that Fig. 9 illustrates according to another embodiment of the present invention, the phase inductance device is connected to ac terminal;
Figure 10 a, Figure 10 b illustrate have the voltage-type power converter embodiment of harmonic compensation device of (voltage-stiff power converter), and
The many level translators of three-phase that Figure 11 illustrates according to another embodiment of the present invention, the phase inductance device is connected to ac terminal.
Embodiment
Have how many phases according to alternating voltage, according to of the present invention, be used for can comprising single phase arm or a plurality of phase arm with converting direct-current voltage into alternating-current voltage or with many level power transducer that alternating voltage converts direct voltage to.Fig. 1 illustrates three phase converer well known in the prior art.Three phase arms 1,2 of the device among Fig. 1 and 3 each all comprise two so-called arms that are connected in series: be connected in three ac terminals 6,7 or 8 and be in the positive upper arm between first dc terminal 4 of positive voltage level, and be connected in three ac terminals 6,7 or 8 and be in zero or second dc terminal 5 of negative voltage level between negative underarm.Each positive arm comprises the first voltage source Uvpi and the first phase inductance device 9 that is connected in series, and each negative arm comprises the second phase inductance device 10 and the second voltage source Uvni, and wherein i representes the numbering of corresponding phase arm, that is, and and i=1,2 or 3.First phase inductance device of each phase arm and the mid point between the second phase inductance device or tie point are connected in ac terminal 6,7 or 8 respectively.The connection all parallel with one another of all phase arms also is connected to two dc terminals 4 and 5.Through suitably control the voltage source of phase arm in time via first control unit 30, realize the conversion of AC-to DC.
As shown in Figure 2, each voltage source is made up of the string of the submodule that is connected in series 15, comprises at least two sub-module 15 in one of them such string.
Can see two the various embodiment 15a and the 15b of submodule 15 well known in the prior art from Fig. 3.Submodule has rectification unit (commutation cell) form, and each unit comprises two electron tubes and the big direct current capacitor that keeps direct voltage.Electron tube be equipped with electronic power switch 16 with turn-off capacity and with the fly-wheel diode of switch reverse parallel connection.Just in conducting, corresponding submodule can present a kind of in two kinds of on off states according in two electronic power switches 16 which, and wherein no-voltage is applied to output in state one, and condenser voltage is applied to output in state two.The combination in any that in each voltage source 15, can have these submodules or improved submodule.For application of the present invention, only need each submodule can generate the one-level in a plurality of discrete levels of output voltage of transducer.
According to embodiments of the invention, the transducer of Fig. 1～3 also is equipped with the harmonic compensation device 21 of active control in each phase arm, as being directed against shown in the phase arm 1 among Fig. 4.Harmonic compensation device 21 comprises power electronics transducer 22 and second control unit 23 that is used to control power electronics transducer 22.Power electronics transducer 22 is connected to coupling inductor 18.Hereinafter, the special expression of term " connection " " electric coupling ".Coupling inductor 18 is coupled to first inductor 9 via coupling device 19, and is coupled to second inductor 10 via coupling device 20.Ac terminal 6 is connected to coupling inductance 18 symmetrically, makes the part of equal size of coupling inductance 18 become the part of positive arm and negative arm respectively.Coupling device 19 and coupling device 20 can be electricity and/or magnetic, wherein, the magnetic coupling can realize via air or via the magnetic material (for example iron) between coupling inductor and the corresponding first phase inductance device or the second phase inductance device.
Symbol among Fig. 4 has following implication:
u Vp/nBe respectively the voltage of the voltage source in positive arm or the negative arm;
i Vp/nJust/electric current in the negative arm;
i vThe output current at ac terminal place;
u fThe voltage at ac terminal place (alternating voltage);
i mElectric current through coupling inductor;
L hThe inductance of first inductor and second inductor;
L mThe inductance of coupling inductor.
The analysis of the inventor to the characteristic of the circulation in the shown phase 1 described below compactly.
Through to from u VpTo u VnDirectapath use kirchhoff (Kirchhoff) voltage law and can obtain circulation i c=(i Vp+ i VnThe governing equation of)/2 provides this governing equation as follows:
u vp - L h di vp dt - ri vp - L h di vn dt - di vn = u vn . - - - ( 1 )
Introduce differential voltage u Vc=(u Vp-u Vn)/2 make equation (1) be reduced to:
L h di c dt = u vc - ri c . - - - ( 2 )
Can find out u VcIt is the driving voltage that is used for circulation.As be known in the art, through suitably controlling the switching of submodule 15, this voltage can be controlled.Therefore, can make voltage u VcFollow reference voltage But this external voltage u VcAlso comprise parasitic Δ u Vc, as
u vc = u vc ref + Δu vc . - - - ( 3 )
Analysis (its model is retouched by equation (2) and equation (3)) to the actual frequency dependency characteristic of system shows parasitic the Δ u that comprises following three kinds of harmonic components Vc:
1) first component, its frequency are normally several percentage points of specified alternating voltage of two times of fundamental frequency of alternating voltage and amplitude;
2) second component, its frequency are that four times of fundamental frequency and amplitude are 1) in the part of component;
3) comprise the three-component of switch harmonic.
Because first component has three peak swings in the component, so this component can produce the harmonic wave with peak-peak of circulation.
Therefore, in order to reduce the loss that these peak values cause, it is desirable to reduce this first component.
Utilization is according to the harmonic compensation device 21 of Fig. 4, component 1) compensation become possibility.Preferably, control unit 23 control power electronics transducers 22 are so that generate the expectation current i that flows through coupling inductor 18 mIn order in the phase arm, to generate the offset current of expectation; Be meant the offset current that in the first phase inductance device and the second phase inductance device, generates expectation here especially, through confirm the current i of expectation by the coupling type between control unit 23 Considering Coupling Effect inductors 18 and the phase arm m, so that reduce circulation i cIn frequency be alternating voltage u fThe harmonic wave of twice of fundamental frequency.
Because harmonic compensation device 21 is handled circulation i cIn harmonic wave, therefore can reduce the rated voltage of power semiconductor switch 16, this causes the whole cost of power converter shown in Figure 1 to reduce.Certainly, this must compensate the extra cost that the introducing owing to the harmonic compensation device causes.In order to keep these extra costs to be lower than above-mentioned so-called saving cost, suggestion in specific embodiment of the present invention with the inductance L of the first phase inductance device 9 and the second phase inductance device 10 hSelect the inductance L of coupling inductor 18 relatively m, make the voltage at coupling inductor 18 two ends far below the voltage at first inductor and the second inductor two ends.At all inductors all is under the situation of coil, compares with the number of turn of the second phase inductance device 10 with the first phase inductance device 9, and the number of turn of the coil of coupling inductor 18 is selected to suitably little.
In Fig. 5,6,7,9 and 11, show the embodiment of the many level translators of three-phase, wherein, in each embodiment, coupling inductor 18 is electrically coupled to their phase arms separately.Yet the mode that phase inductance device 9,10,32 layout and harmonic compensation device 21 separately is connected to corresponding coupling inductor 18 changes.
Transducer shown in Fig. 5 is made up of three phase arms according to Fig. 4.
The triangle that the transducer of Fig. 6 illustrates three first phase inductance devices 9 of three positive arms connects, and the similar triangle of three second phase inductance devices 10 of three negative arms connects.The first phase inductance device 9 that triangle connects and the mid point of the second phase inductance device 10 are connected to corresponding first dc terminal 4 or second dc terminal 5 respectively.Each phase inductance device 9 or 10 can include only an inductance element maybe can comprise being connected in series of two or more inductance elements.
In Fig. 7,, use one to exchange the phase inductance device 32 replacement first phase inductance device and the second phase inductance devices for each phase.Exchange phase inductance device 32 and moved to three corresponding phases that exchange from the phase arm, wherein exchange phase inductance device 32 and be connected to ac terminal 6,7 and 8 respectively.
Fig. 8 a and Fig. 8 b show the embodiment of Fig. 5,6 and 7 harmonic compensation device 21.Harmonic compensation device 21 shown in Fig. 8 a is connected in parallel with corresponding coupling inductor 18, and comprises the ac/dc power electronics transducer 22 by 23 controls of aforesaid second control unit.Second control unit 23 is integrated in the harmonic compensation device 21.Replacedly, second control unit can be independent the installation.Power electronics transducer 22 is configured to the form of current mode power converter, wherein through by direct voltage source 36 with DC current source that secondary inductor 34 that direct voltage source 36 is connected in series constitutes direct current being injected transducer.In Fig. 8 b, schematically show the example how ac/dc power electronics transducer 22 is set substantially; Wherein ac/dc power electronics transducer 22 is three level translators with desirable power electronics change over switch 38, and wherein the switching of change over switch 38 is by 23 controls of second control unit.
Fig. 9 show have with Fig. 7 in phase inductance device 32 the many level translators of three-phase that identical phase inductance device 32 is provided with are set.Yet each phase arm only comprises a coupling inductor 18 and a corresponding harmonic compensation device 21, and coupling inductor 18 harmonic compensators, 21 both mutual arranged in tandem and be disposed in series in the corresponding negative arm with the second voltage source Uvni.In alternate embodiment, coupling inductor 18 harmonic compensators 21 also can be connected and are placed in the corresponding positive arm.
The difference of embodiment among embodiment among Figure 11 and Fig. 9 is: Figure 11 shows at three mutually in each phase arm of arm, the harmonic compensation device 21 of arranging coupling inductor 18 symmetrically and being connected in series accordingly.
Figure 10 a and Figure 10 b show the embodiment of the harmonic compensation device 21 among Fig. 9 and Figure 11.The harmonic compensation device 21 that is connected in series with corresponding coupling inductor 18 also comprises ac/dc power electronics transducer 22 and controls second control unit 23 of power electronics transducer 22 in the above described manner.In this embodiment, power electronics transducer 22 is configured to the voltage-type transducer by direct voltage source 36 supplies.Figure 10 b schematically shows the example how ac/dc power electronics transducer 22 is set substantially; Wherein ac/dc power electronics transducer 22 is three level translators with desirable power electronics change over switch 38, and wherein the switching of change over switch 38 is by 23 controls of second control unit.In interchangeable scheme, the harmonic compensation device 21 among Fig. 9 and Figure 11 also can be configured to the current mode transducer according to Fig. 8 a and Fig. 8 b.
In Fig. 9 and Figure 11, just and/or three harmonic compensation devices 21 of negative arm be connected to identical current potential with Y shape ways of connecting respectively.This makes can merge into the three-phase power electronic commutator by single second control unit control with the power electronics transducer of three harmonic compensation devices 21 in interchangeable embodiment.

Claims (13)

1. voltage with multiple levels transducer that is used for converting to direct voltage with converting direct-current voltage into alternating-current voltage or with alternating voltage; Comprise: first control unit; (30) with at first dc terminal; (4) with second dc terminal; (5) at least one the phase arm between; (1); Wherein said at least one phase arm; (1) is included in said first dc terminal; (4) with first ac terminal; (6) first voltage source between; (Uvp1) with at said first ac terminal; (6) with said second dc terminal; (5) second voltage source between; (Uvn1); Wherein said first control unit; (30) said first voltage source of control; (Uvp1) and said second voltage source; (Uvn1); It is characterized in that
Said transducer also comprises: at least one coupling inductor (18), and it in series is coupled to said at least one phase arm (1); The harmonic compensation device (21) of active control, it is connected to said at least one coupling inductor (18); And second control unit (23), it is suitable for controlling the output of said harmonic compensation device (21), flows through the circulation (i of said at least one phase arm (1) with minimizing c) in harmonic wave.
2. voltage with multiple levels transducer according to claim 1, the output of wherein said second control unit (23) the said harmonic compensation device of control (21) is so that said circulation (i c) in, frequency is said alternating voltage (u f) the harmonic wave of twice of fundamental frequency reduce.
3. voltage with multiple levels transducer according to claim 1 and 2, the output of wherein said second control unit (23) the said harmonic compensation device of control (21) is so that said harmonic compensation device (21) generates the electric current (i through the expectation of said coupling inductor (18) m).
4. according to each described voltage with multiple levels transducer in the aforementioned claim, wherein said second control unit (23) is controlled the output of said harmonic compensation device (21) through closed-loop control.
5. according to each described voltage with multiple levels transducer in the aforementioned claim, wherein said coupling inductor (18) is electrically coupled to said at least one phase arm (1).
6. according to each described voltage with multiple levels transducer in the claim 1 to 4, wherein said coupling inductor (18) is coupled to said at least one phase arm (1) via air or via magnetic material magnetic.
7. according to each described voltage with multiple levels transducer in the aforementioned claim, wherein said harmonic compensation device (21) comprises power electronics transducer (22), and the outlet side of said power electronics transducer (22) is connected directly to said coupling inductor (18).
8. voltage with multiple levels transducer according to claim 7, wherein said power electronics transducer (22) is connected in parallel with said coupling inductor (18).
9. voltage with multiple levels transducer according to claim 8, wherein said power electronics transducer (22) is the current mode transducer.
10. voltage with multiple levels transducer according to claim 7, wherein said power electronics transducer (22) is connected in series with said coupling inductor (18).
11. voltage with multiple levels transducer according to claim 10, wherein said power electronics transducer (22) is the voltage-type transducer.
12. according to each described voltage with multiple levels transducer in the aforementioned claim, wherein at least one phase inductance device (9) is connected in series with said arm mutually (1).
13. according to each described voltage with multiple levels transducer in the claim 1 to 11, wherein at least one phase inductance device (9) is connected in series with said first ac terminal (6).
CN2009801602157A 2009-07-02 2009-07-02 Power converter with multi-level voltage output and harmonics compensator Pending CN102474201A (en)

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