CN102469248B - Device for filming image and image synthesis method thereof - Google Patents

Device for filming image and image synthesis method thereof Download PDF

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CN102469248B
CN102469248B CN201010541791.0A CN201010541791A CN102469248B CN 102469248 B CN102469248 B CN 102469248B CN 201010541791 A CN201010541791 A CN 201010541791A CN 102469248 B CN102469248 B CN 102469248B
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image
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scene
exposure
filming
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CN102469248A (en
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李运锦
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Altek Corp
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Altek Corp
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of device for filming image and image synthesis method thereof, wherein device for filming image comprises a filming image module, one exposure module and a process module, filming image module is to the high bit scene image of a scene capture one, exposure module does light-metering to this scene, to produce multiple color range distribution map, process module calculates this high bit scene image in multiple centrifugal pumps of different exposure according to those color range distribution maps, and this process module carries out image processing according at least two centrifugal pumps the highest to this high bit scene image, to produce the low bit temporary image of at least two different brightness conditions, and the low bit temporary image of these at least two different brightness conditions is carried out Image compounding, to produce a high dynamic-range image.The present invention can promote the quality of high dynamic-range image synthesis.

Description

Device for filming image and image synthesis method thereof
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of device for filming image and image synthesis method thereof, relate to especially and a kind ofly can carry out multiple exposure Luminance Analysis to photographed scene, to synthesize device for filming image and the image synthesis method thereof of high dynamic-range image further.
Background technology
High dynamic range (HighDynamicRange, HDR) shelves are a kind of special graph shelves forms, and its each pel, except common RGB information, also has the intrinsic brilliance information of this point.The common each pel of figure shelves only has the tonal range of 0 to 255, and this is actually inadequate.Imagine the difference of tonal range between the luminous intensity of the sun and the object of black brightness range in other words, considerably beyond 256 ranks.Therefore, a common scenery picture on daytime, looking that white clouds and the sun may all present is same gray scale/brightness, is all pure white, but in fact actual between white clouds and sun brightness can not, the difference in brightness between them is huge.Therefore, common figure shelves form is very coarse, is far from the actual state being recorded to real world.
High dynamic range refers to the relative ratio between the brightest of a scene and most dark-part.A high dynamic-range image, it have recorded the brightness value of the actual scene far beyond 256 ranks, and the part exceeded can show out on screen.Can imagine like this: in Photoshop, open one indoor toward the picture clapped outside window, part is outside window in strong sunlight, over-exposed, what present is a slice white, few of details.You will be at a complete loss as to what to do, and dim only meeting grizzle, can't present more details.If but Same Scene is by high dynamic-range image institute record, lower exposure, originally pure white part will present more details.
Current synthesis high dynamic-range image, all for Same Scene mostly, several images are taken with fixing exposure value, often open that the exposure value of image is rough differs from 1 to 2 exposure value (ExposeValue, EV) exposure compensating, or less, attempt in conjunction with multiple different exposed images dynamic to the image comprising this scene.But existing method, owing to often opening the limited dynamics of image, so must take multiple images to synthesize, but the disposal ability of general camera is limited, and when cannot process the image of more than 3 at short notice, we therefrom must select several images and synthesize.Such as, process for 2 to 3 images, and take 2 to 3 images with fixing exposure compensating, synthesize high dynamic-range image.But this kind of mode, sometimes because of the relation of scene, cannot effectively be selected appropriate exposure bias value to take or process image, thus usually cannot produce the high dynamic-range image of expection.Therefore, with demand, the device for filming image that design one is desirable and image synthesis method thereof, synthesize high dynamic-range image, become market to apply a upper instant subject under discussion.
Summary of the invention
Because above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of device for filming image and image synthesis method thereof, to solve known technology, the image of different exposure compensating is synthesized in the lump, the high dynamic-range image processing time of causing and image quality problem not as expected.
According to object of the present invention, propose a kind of device for filming image, it comprises a filming image module, an exposure module and a process module.Filming image module is to the high bit scene image of a scene capture one.Exposure module does light-metering to this scene, to produce multiple color range distribution map.Process module calculates this high bit scene image in multiple centrifugal pumps of different exposure according to those color range distribution maps, and this process module carries out image processing according at least two centrifugal pumps the highest to this high bit scene image, to produce the low bit temporary image of at least two different brightness conditions, and the low bit temporary image of these at least two different brightness conditions is carried out Image compounding, to produce a storage image.
Wherein, this exposure module carries out light-metering with multiple exposure compensating to this scene, to produce those color range distribution maps of different exposure.
Wherein, this exposure module, with regard to an interval brightness range, produces those color range distribution maps of different exposure.
Wherein, respectively this centrifugal pump represents this high bit scene image in the bright dark intensity of variation of different exposure compensating condition.
Wherein, this process module more comprises a converting unit, and this high bit scene image is converted to the low bit temporary image of these at least two different brightness conditions by this converting unit according to these at least two centrifugal pumps the highest.
Wherein, this process module synthesizes each pixel in the low bit temporary image of these at least two different brightness conditions in same image object, to produce this storage image.
Wherein, this storage image is a high dynamic-range image.
According to object of the present invention, reintroduce a kind of image synthesis method, be applicable to a device for filming image, this image synthesis method comprises the following step: by a filming image module to the high bit scene image of a scene capture one; Light-metering is done to this scene, to produce multiple color range distribution map by an exposure module; A process module is utilized to calculate this high bit scene image in multiple centrifugal pumps of different exposure according to those color range distribution maps; Image processing is carried out to this high bit scene image, to produce the low bit temporary image of at least two different brightness conditions with this process module according at least two centrifugal pumps the highest; And by this process module, the low bit temporary image of these at least two different brightness conditions is carried out Image compounding, to produce a storage image.
Wherein, the method more comprises carries out light-metering with multiple exposure compensating to this scene by this exposure module, to produce those color range distribution maps of different exposure.
Wherein, the method more comprises those color range distribution maps using this exposure module with regard to an interval brightness range generation different exposure.
Wherein, the method more comprises the low bit temporary image utilizing a converting unit of this process module according to these at least two centrifugal pumps the highest, this high bit scene image to be converted to these at least two different brightness conditions.
Wherein, the method more comprises and synthesizes each pixel in the low bit temporary image of these at least two different brightness conditions in same image object, to produce this storage image by this process module.
Wherein, respectively this centrifugal pump represents this high bit scene image in the bright dark intensity of variation of different exposure compensating condition.
Wherein, this storage image is a high dynamic-range image.
According to object of the present invention, propose again a kind of device for filming image, it comprises a filming image module, an exposure module, a process module, conversion module and an Image compounding module, and filming image module is to the high bit scene image of a scene capture one.Exposure module does light-metering to this scene, to produce multiple color range distribution map.Process module system calculates this high bit scene image in multiple centrifugal pumps of different exposure according to those color range distribution maps.This high bit scene image is converted to the low bit temporary image of at least two different brightness conditions by conversion module according at least two centrifugal pumps the highest.The low bit temporary image of these at least two different brightness conditions is synthesized a high dynamic-range image by Image compounding module.
Wherein, respectively this centrifugal pump represents this high bit scene image in the bright dark intensity of variation of different exposure compensating condition.
From the above, according to device for filming image of the present invention and image synthesis method thereof, it can have one or more following advantage:
(1) this device for filming image and image synthesis method thereof can in shooting process, when utilizing photographed scene light-metering, carry out luminance dynamic analysis, then according to the treatable image number of device for filming image, dynamically and produce the low bit temporary image of different exposure value efficiently, to synthesize a high dynamic-range image.So can shorten the time of high dynamic-range image synthesis.
(2) this device for filming image and image synthesis method thereof can in shooting process, when utilizing photographed scene light-metering, carry out luminance dynamic analysis, then according to the treatable image number of device for filming image, dynamically and produce the low bit temporary image of different exposure value efficiently, to synthesize a high dynamic-range image.So can promote the quality of high dynamic-range image synthesis.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of device for filming image one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of device for filming image one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of each color range distribution map of device for filming image one embodiment image of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the high-low-position element image conversion of device for filming image one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the synthesis schematic diagram of the high dynamic-range image of device for filming image one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram with electronic installation one embodiment of image shooting function of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the flow chart of image synthesis method of the present invention
In figure:
1: device for filming image
10: filming image module
101: high bit scene image
11: exposure module
111: color range distribution map
12: process module
13: conversion module
131: the first low bit temporary image
132: the second low bit temporary image
14: Image compounding module
141: high dynamic-range image
15: store module
16: display module
41: the Partial Block of high-order element image
42: the Partial Block of low level element image
6: electronic installation
60: body
61: input unit
S71 ~ S75: step
Embodiment
Hereinafter with reference to correlative type, the embodiment according to device for filming image of the present invention and image synthesis method thereof is described, for making to be convenient to understand, the similar elements in following embodiment illustrates with identical symbology.
Device for filming image of the present invention can be the various portable electronic devices with camera function such as digital camera (DigitalCamera), camera cell phone (CameraPhone), Smartphone (Smartphone) or digital camera (DigitalVideoCamera), for ease of more understanding technical characteristic of the present invention, under be embodiment with camera cell phone, but not as limit.
Refer to Fig. 1, it is the block diagram of device for filming image one embodiment of the present invention.As shown in the figure, device for filming image 1 of the present invention contains filming image module 10, exposure module 11, and processes module 12, conversion module 13, Image compounding module 14, storage module 15 and a display module 16.Filming image module 10 is for filmed image and produces image data.Filming image module 10 can comprise camera lens, photo-sensitive cell as high-k metal gate devices (ComplementaryMetal-Oxide-Semiconductor, or charge coupled cell (Charge-Coupled-Device, CCD), analog/digital circuit, image processor etc. CMOS).Exposure module 11 has the mechanism that automatic exposure (AutoExposure) regulates, aperture size, shutter, ISO photosensitivity etc. can be comprised, and it carries out light-metering with multiple exposure compensating to the scene for taking, those color ranges producing different exposure distribute Figure 111.Store the storage that module 15 can make image, it can be embedded memory body, circumscribed memory card or its combination.Display module 16 is in order to show image, and it can be liquid crystal display (LiquidCrystalDisplay, LCD) or touch control type LCD screen.
Process module 12 is electrically connected filming image module 10, exposure module 11, conversion module 13, Image compounding module 14, stores module 15 and display module 16, it can be central processing unit (CentralProcessingUnit, CPU) or microprocessor (Micro-ProcessingUnit).Those color ranges Figure 111 that distribute that process module 12 can produce according to exposure module 11 calculates this high bit scene image 101 in multiple centrifugal pumps of different exposure.Then, this high bit scene image 101 can be converted at least two different brightness conditions by module 13 low bit temporary image according at least two centrifugal pumps the highest is changed.Such as, as shown in fig. 1, process module 12 can control modulus of conversion group 13 and high bit scene image 101 is carried out image processing, produces the first low bit temporary image 131 and the second low bit temporary image 132.
Then, process module 12 can control Image compounding module 14 and the low bit temporary image (as the first low bit temporary image 131 and the second low bit temporary image 132) of these at least two different brightness conditions is carried out Image compounding, to produce a high dynamic-range image 141, be stored in and store module 15.And process module 12 can control display module 16 show this high dynamic-range image 141.In addition, the person that is familiar with technique when becoming an integrated module in conjunction with above-mentioned functional module group arbitrarily, or is split into each functional details unit, and end is seen convenience in design and determines.
See also Fig. 2, it is the schematic diagram of device for filming image one embodiment of the present invention.As shown in the figure, user is in the process using device for filming image 1 filmed image, can while filming image module 10 pairs of photographed scenes take a high bit scene image 101, utilize exposure module 11 automatic exposure (AutoExposure, AE) mechanism regulated does light-metering to this photographed scene, to distribute Figure 111 to count the color range of this photographed scene under different exposure.In the present embodiment, exposure module 11, when carrying out the light-metering of automatic exposure regulation mechanism, can carry out light-metering with 5 kinds of exposure compensatings such as+2EV ,+1EV, 0EV ,-1EV and-2EV respectively.Make filming image module 10 while this high bit scene image 101 of shooting, respectively this color range that exposure module 11 can obtain various different exposure distributes Figure 111 (as shown in Figure 3).Then, processing module 12 can utilize respectively this color range Figure 111 that distributes to calculate this entropy of high bit scene image 101 under particular exposure compensation condition (Entropy).Wherein, entropy is higher, represent the effective dynamic range that this high bit scene image 101 contains under particular exposure compensation condition larger, that is the change of bright dark scope is larger.
See also table 1, it is the entropy of different exposure compensating difference correspondences.It is as shown in the table, can learn that the entropy under 5 kinds of exposure compensating conditions such as+2EV ,+1EV, 0EV ,-1EV and-2EV is respectively 3.31,4.01,3.75,3.83 and 2.96.According to describing the effective dynamic range can known this high bit scene image 101 further by inference and contain under particular exposure compensation condition above, order is from large to small sequentially+1EV ,-1EV, 0EV ,+2EV and-2EV.So, process module 12 according to the processing time of the high dynamic-range image of device for filming image 1 initial setting or synthesis number (this initial setting can dynamically be adjusted to different initial values according to manufacturer or user), can control conversion module 13 and carries out image processing to high bit scene image 101.Such as, the synthesis number of the high dynamic-range image of initial setting be the temporary image of two lower bits (in the present embodiment, two opening and closing of initial setting become number, but the present invention is when reality is implemented, be not limited to the restriction of this synthesis number), high bit scene image 101 taken by filming image module 10 can be carried out image processing by conversion module 13, according to the entropy size of 5 kinds of exposure compensatings, produce the first low bit temporary image 131 of+1EV and the second low bit temporary image 132 of-1EV.
The entropy of the exposure compensating difference correspondence that table 1 is different
Exposure compensating Entropy
+2 3.31
+1 4.01
0 3.75
-1 3.83
-2 2.96
The high bit scene image 101 of device for filming image 1 captured by photographed scene, can be the image of one 12 or 14 bit RAW forms.That is, it is the initial data image shelves through minimum process, and has 4, the brightness stratum of 096 (2^12) or 16,384 (2^14), to record the brightness of each pixel.In the present embodiment, conversion module 13 can according to the entropy size of 5 kinds of exposure compensatings, and utilize bit to convert the mode of (bitshift), convert the scene image 101 that this 12 or 14 bit has higher form and aspect, saturation, brightness and resolution etc. the+1EV8 bit temporary image 131 and-1EV8 bit temporary image 132 with 256 (2^8) brightness stratum to.It can in conjunction with the bent compiling method (Lempel-Ziv-WelchEncoding of blue Bo-Li Fu-Wei, the conversion regime etc. of the 8 bit JPEC format images that the conversion regime of the 8 bit GIF format images LZW) produced or discrete cosine transform method (DiscreteCosineTransform, DCT) produce.
Refer to Fig. 4, it is the schematic diagram of the high-low-position element image conversion of device for filming image one embodiment of the present invention.As shown in the figure, in figure, upper right side and lower right are respectively the Partial Block 41 of a high-order element image and the Partial Block 42 of a low level element image.As seen from the figure, high-order element image has (in this schematic diagram, only showing the difference of resolution) such as higher form and aspect, saturation, brightness and resolutions usually; And the form and aspect of low level element image, saturation, brightness and resolution etc., usually comparatively not as good as high-order element image.But, when general display module displays low level element image, user not easily differentiates above-mentioned difference.Therefore in conjunction with considering in practical application, conversion module 13 can be held concurrently at this definition of solid image, also can save suitable image processing time.Incidentally, should understand person with usual knowledge in their respective areas of the present invention, above, bit conversion (bitshift) form of implementation of narrating mode is only for example and not limitation, chats bright in advance at this.
Refer to Fig. 5, it is the synthesis schematic diagram of the high dynamic-range image of device for filming image one embodiment of the present invention.As shown in the figure, the second low bit temporary image 132 of low for first of+1EV bit temporary image 131 and-1EV can be carried out Image compounding by process module 12, to produce a high dynamic-range image 141, is stored in and stores module 15.Finally, show module 16 and can show this high dynamic-range image 141.
From the above, when initial condition is the high dynamics synthesize number of two temporary image, the exposure compensating that process module 12 combines with maximum entropy carries out image processing, produces the first low bit temporary image 131 of+1EV and the second low bit temporary image 132 of-1EV; It represents the maximum effective dynamic range that this high bit scene image 101 is contained under this exposure compensating condition.Then, process module 12 synthesizes each pixel in the first low bit temporary image 131 of different brightness conditions and the second low bit temporary image 132 in same image object, to obtain the high dynamic-range image of maximum dynamic range.That is, under limited shooting condition, user by selecting best exposure parameter, can make the high dynamic-range image synthesized, its dynamically and details be all best.
It is worth mentioning that, device for filming image 1 also can process interval brightness range interesting in high bit scene image 101 further.Similar above describe, as user is interested in the information of brightness value between 64-192, user can add up the Figure 111 that distributes of the color range within the scope of this via an operation interface (not shown) control treatment module 12, to find out best exposure combination.Then, high bit scene image 101 is processed into the low bit temporary image 131 and 132 of at least two different brightness conditions by process module 12 again, to carry out high dynamic image synthesis.Finally, the high dynamic-range image 141 of the interval brightness range of a brightness value between 64-192 is produced.
In addition, should understand person with usual knowledge in their respective areas of the present invention, when automatic exposure regulation mechanism carries out light-metering, it not necessarily will carry out the light-metering of exposure compensating in units of 1, can also 0.3 or other arithemetic units be the light-metering that the exposure compensating of automatic exposure regulation mechanism is carried out at interval.And the entropy of image under particular exposure compensation condition can be represented by other centrifugal pump or statistical value.The form of implementation described above is only for example and not limitation, chats bright in advance at this.
Refer to Fig. 6, it is the schematic diagram with electronic installation one embodiment of image shooting function of the present invention.As shown in the figure, electronic installation 6 of the present invention comprises a body 60, input unit 61 and device for filming image 1, and device for filming image 1 to be arranged on body 60 and to be electrically connected with input unit 61.Device for filming image 1 contains filming image module, exposure module, process module, conversion module, Image compounding module, stores module and display module, describing in detail in mistake detailed earlier herein of device for filming image 1 herein, just repeats no more at this.But it is worth mentioning that, electronic installation 6 proposed by the invention can be various Mobile hand-held device, the panel computer of such as digital camera, the multimedia playing apparatus with camera function, the mobile phone with camera function, Smartphone (Smartphone), guider (Navigator), tool camera function or personal digital assistant (PDA) etc.
In the present embodiment, electronic installation 6 of the present invention is namely for Smartphone, it can be used as photograph by embedded device for filming image 1 proposed by the invention, thus user can by the input unit 61 of Smartphone as Touch Screen or physical button etc., when needs shooting high dynamic-range image, electronic installation 6 starts the light-metering carrying out above-mentioned automatic exposure immediately, entropy computing, the action of the height bit transitions of image and high dynamic-range image synthesis, it shortens the time of high dynamic-range image synthesis greatly and promotes the quality of Image compounding.Smartphone disclosed by the present embodiment is only for example and not limitation, has and usually knows that device that the knowledgeable should replace other is easily arranged in pairs or groups device for filming image of the present invention, chat bright in advance at this in the technical field of the invention.
Although in the aforementioned process device for filming image of the present invention is described, the concept of the image synthesis method of device for filming image of the present invention is also described simultaneously, for the purpose of asking and knowing, still separately illustrate flow chart below and describe in detail.
Refer to Fig. 7, it is the flow chart of image synthesis method of the present invention.As shown in the figure, image synthesis method of the present invention, it is applicable to a device for filming image, and this device for filming image comprises a filming image module, an exposure module, a process module, a conversion module, an Image compounding module, a storage module and a display module.The image synthesis method of device for filming image comprises the following step:
(S71) by a filming image module to the high bit scene image of a scene capture one;
(S72) with multiple exposure compensating, light-metering is carried out to this scene, to produce multiple color range distribution maps of different exposure by an exposure module;
(S73) a process module is utilized to calculate the multiple centrifugal pumps of this high bit scene image in different exposure according to those color range distribution maps;
(S74) image processing is carried out to this high bit scene image, to produce the low bit temporary image of at least two different brightness conditions with this process module according at least two centrifugal pumps the highest; And
(S75) by this process module, the low bit temporary image of these at least two different brightness conditions is carried out Image compounding, to produce a high dynamic-range image.
The detailed description of the image synthesis method of device for filming image of the present invention and execution mode described in time describing device for filming image of the present invention and electronic installation above, and in this case schematic illustration just no longer describes.
In sum, device for filming image proposed by the invention and image synthesis method thereof can in shooting process, when utilizing photographed scene light-metering, carry out luminance dynamic analysis, then according to the treatable image number of device for filming image, dynamically and produce the low bit temporary image of different exposure value efficiently, to synthesize a high dynamic-range image.So can shorten the time of high dynamic-range image synthesis and the quality of lifting high dynamic-range image synthesis.
The foregoing is only illustrative, but not be restricted person.Anyly do not depart from spirit of the present invention and category, and to its equivalent modifications of carrying out or change, all should be contained in claim.

Claims (10)

1. a device for filming image, is characterized in that: comprise:
One filming image module, it is to the high bit scene image of a scene capture one;
One exposure module, it does light-metering to described scene, to produce multiple color range distribution map; And
One process module, it calculates the multiple centrifugal pumps of described high bit scene image in different exposure according to described color range distribution map, and described process module carries out image processing according at least two centrifugal pumps the highest to described high bit scene image, to produce the low bit temporary image of at least two different brightness conditions, and the low bit temporary image of described at least two different brightness conditions is carried out Image compounding, to produce a storage image;
Wherein, described exposure module carries out light-metering with multiple exposure compensating to described scene, to produce the described color range distribution map of different exposure.
2. device for filming image as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described exposure module, with regard to an interval brightness range, produces the described color range distribution map of different exposure.
3. device for filming image as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described process module more comprises a converting unit, the low bit temporary image of at least two different brightness conditions described in described high bit scene image to convert to according to described at least two centrifugal pumps the highest by described converting unit.
4. device for filming image as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: each pixel in the low bit temporary image of at least two different brightness conditions described in described process module synthesis in same image object, to produce described storage image.
5. an image synthesis method, is applicable to a device for filming image, it is characterized in that: this image synthesis method comprises the following step:
By a filming image module to the high bit scene image of a scene capture one;
Light-metering is done to described scene, to produce multiple color range distribution map by an exposure module;
A process module is utilized to calculate described high bit scene image in multiple centrifugal pumps of different exposure according to described color range distribution map;
Image processing is carried out to described high bit scene image, to produce the low bit temporary image of at least two different brightness conditions with described process module according at least two centrifugal pumps the highest; And
By described process module, the low bit temporary image of described at least two different brightness conditions is carried out Image compounding, to produce a storage image;
Wherein, described exposure module carries out light-metering with multiple exposure compensating to described scene, to produce the described color range distribution map of different exposure.
6. image synthesis method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: more comprise the following step:
Described exposure module is used to produce the described color range distribution map of different exposure with regard to an interval brightness range.
7. image synthesis method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: more comprise the following step:
Utilize a converting unit of described process module according to described at least two centrifugal pumps the highest described high bit scene image converted to described in the low bit temporary image of at least two different brightness conditions.
8. image synthesis method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: more comprise the following step:
By each pixel in same image object in the low bit temporary image of at least two different brightness conditions described in described process module synthesis, to produce described storage image.
9. a device for filming image, is characterized in that: comprise:
One filming image module, it is to the high bit scene image of a scene capture one;
One exposure module, it does light-metering to described scene, to produce multiple color range distribution map;
One process module, it calculates described high bit scene image in multiple centrifugal pumps of different exposure according to described color range distribution map;
One conversion module, described high bit scene image is converted to the low bit temporary image of at least two different brightness conditions by the centrifugal pump that its basis at least two is the highest; And
One Image compounding module, the low bit temporary image of described at least two different brightness conditions is synthesized a high dynamic-range image by it.
10. device for filming image as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that: described each centrifugal pump represents described high bit scene image in the bright dark intensity of variation of different exposure compensating condition.
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基于区块的亮度特性及熵值合并多张不同曝光值影像之高动态范围影像生成法;丁荣丰;《成功大学电脑与通信工程研究所学位论文》;20090101;摘要 *

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