CN102466607A - Method for measuring intrinsic viscosity number of cationic flocculant - Google Patents
Method for measuring intrinsic viscosity number of cationic flocculant Download PDFInfo
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- CN102466607A CN102466607A CN2010105603473A CN201010560347A CN102466607A CN 102466607 A CN102466607 A CN 102466607A CN 2010105603473 A CN2010105603473 A CN 2010105603473A CN 201010560347 A CN201010560347 A CN 201010560347A CN 102466607 A CN102466607 A CN 102466607A
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- cationic flocculant
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring intrinsic viscosity number of a cationic flocculant. The method comprises the steps of: weighting the cationic flocculant and dissolving; adding a sodium chloride solution to prepare a sample solution; and measuring flowing time of a solvent and the solution, and figuring out the intrinsic viscosity number according to the flowing time. The method can be used for rapidly measuring the intrinsic viscosity number of a starch-acrylamide grafted copolymer, and has the advantages of high measurement precision and simple measurement steps and reduced measurement cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of assay method of intrinsic viscosity of cationic flocculant.
Background technology
China is one of serious water shortage country in the world, and China's gross amount of water resources occupies the 4th in the world, but by demography in 2002, water resource was 2220m per capita
3, be merely the world per capita water resource 1/4, be equivalent to 1/4 of the U.S., 1/2 of Japan, Canadian 1/44, occupy the 110th in the world.And the water resource spatial and temporal distributions is extremely inhomogeneous, and promptly southern water is many, and northern water is few, and summer, water was many, and winter, water was few, has caused the situation of southern waterlogging north drought.Areas to the south, Yangtze river basin water resource accounts for the whole nation more than 80%, ploughs and only accounts for 1/3 of the whole nation; And the few water of northern area arid accounts for more than 60% of the whole nation and plough, and the drought lack of water is to become the farming and animal husbandry major casualty.And because water resource assignment is uneven, the development and use difficulty is big, at present, in more than 600 city, the whole nation, more than 400 insufficient water is arranged, 108 of serious water shortage.
China's water resource imbalance between supply and demand will further aggravate along with the raising of China's industrialization degree 21 century, it is predicted 2010, and national total supply is 6200-6500 hundred million m
3, corresponding total water requirements will reach 7,300 hundred million m
3, nearly 1,000 hundred million m of insufficiency of supply-demand
3, national total water requirements will reach 10,000 hundred million m the year two thousand thirty
3, the whole nation is with lack of water 4000-5000 hundred million m
3Many in the world countries also will face serious water source crisis, and therefore person is arranged: " after the oil crisis, next crisis is a water.”
Add up according to State Environmental Protection Administration; 439.5 hundred million tons of national wastewater emission amounts (wherein industrial waste water is 207.2 hundred million tons, 232.3 hundred million tons of sanitary sewages) in 2002, but the Industrial Wastewater Treatment amount is 78.9% at present; The qualified discharge rate is 54.5%; The sanitary sewage disposal amount has only about 20%, and promptly the whole nation has unprocessed river, river, lake, the sea of directly entering of sanitary sewage of 1/3 industrial waste water and 4/5 approximately, makes water resource suffer severe contamination.China's seven big water system 2003 annual returns are bright: what belong to I～III class water quality accounts for 38.1%, belongs to IV, V class water quality account for 32.2%, what belong to bad V class water quality accounts for 29.7%.Be that China's seven big water systems have 60%～70% to receive slight or serious pollution.See that from the monitoring result of hydraulic department in 1999 water quality of 16% reservoir receives pollution in various degree, and most of reservoir is in middle nutrition condition.There is 58% lake water quality to receive pollution in various degree.Wherein the section water quality in Taihu Lake 88% has surpassed the III class standard; Dian Chi and Chaohu water quality are bad V class and V class.According to statistics, the direct economic loss that cause because of water pollutes every year is more than 430 hundreds of millions yuan, and water pollutes the development that seriously restricts economy and society.
The severe contamination of shortage of water resources and water resource is restricting the economic development of China, and has brought catastrophic effect for people's lives and ecologic environment.Though water resources in china is not very abundant,, also be unlikely to this situation today if reasonable development is used with practicing thrift.We can say that fresh water resources shortage in China is the result of human factor to a great extent.Pollution is a factor, and the poor efficiency utilization of water resource is another factor, and emphasis is that agriculture big flood is irrigated, and service water low repeats to utilize and the waste of domestic water.China's agricultural irrigation at present accounts for 75% of national water consumption; And water-saving irrigation is in the junior stage; Use to water resource in the agricultural production is quite extensive; The phenomenon of waste water resource is still quite serious, and the present irrigation water effective rate of utilization of China is merely 30%～40%, and developed country is 70%～80%.China's process water utilization factor is not high, yet ubiquity of the phenomenon of water serious waste.China's major industry industry water level is starkly lower than developed country, and (China's ten thousand yuan of output value waters of industry are 103m
3, the U.S. is 9m
3, Japan is 6m
3).
At present China's urban industry between 30%～40%, still differs far away with Japanese developed country with ratio of water recycle, other industrialized countries with ratio of water recycle between 70%～90%.China's city domestic water wasting phenomenon is also very general, reaches 20% of total Urban Domestic Water Consumption at least by the loss of the run, drip, leak of tap water pipe network.Also have the industrial structure unreasonable, it also is the reason that causes water resource waste that water resources development miscarriage and water price are crossed low.
In a word, the sustainable development of water resource is the key factor of sustainable economic development.Therefore, put rational development of water resources and efficient the utilization on strategic position.Except the mandatory administration of national legislation, we need utilize technological means to dispose of sewage and improve the recycling rate of waterused of water.
The method that in water treatment, adopts has physics method, chemical method, physical-chemical process and biochemical treatment method.The physics method is divided into centrifugal separation, filtration method, the precipitation method, floatation etc. again.Chemical method can be divided into neutralisation, flocculence, oxidation-reduction method, ion exchange process etc.Physical-chemical process is divided into absorption method, extraction, electrolytic process etc.Biochemical process is divided into aerobic method and anaerobic process etc. again.And the coagulation in the method for chemical treatment, flocculence are to use disposal route the most widely, and flocculating agent then is a flocculence key of success factor.
Starch is a kind of glucose polymer, and it is 1～10 micron or bigger particulate with diameter generally
Form exists, and these particle major sedimentary are in seed, stem tuber or the root of plant.Though starch source spreads all over the whole plants world, have only a few crop to be widely used in the production of commodity starch, corn is the main source of producing starch.Global annual maize planting surpasses 1.3 hundred million hectares at present, accounts for about 35% of global grain aggregate, and there are U.S.'s (accounting for more than 40%), China's (accounting for about 20%) in major country of production.Other source of starch also has wheat, potato, cassava and sweet potato etc.According to the kind of plant, adopt different job operations.Cornstarch can use the mechanical separation mode to produce easily, and corn is soaked in containing the warm water of sulphite, deviates from plumule, wet-milling again, and starch granules is water insoluble under this low temperature, and is centrifugal then, wash, be drying to obtain starch product.
The production of modified starch and the history of using existing more than 200 year originate from the Britain glue that West Europe produced in 1804 the earliest, but the industrialization of most of starch derivative is to begin from the Holland and the U.S. in 1940.Nearly 30 years is the age of modified starch high speed development, and various novel starch derivative are like emerge in multitudes such as composite modified starch, super absorbent resin, biodegradable starch plastics.The annual production of present global modified starch is about 6,000,000 tons, and papermaking and food processing are its two big main users, and U.S.'s year consumption figure reaches about 3,000,000 tons, and wherein about 60% are used for paper industry.China begins to accelerate the production of modified starch from the mid-80, and present national modified starch manufacturer has surpassed more than 200 families, and annual production is near 500,000 tons, and product is mainly used in papermaking, food, feed and weaving and printing and dyeing industry.The demand of estimating national modified starch in 2010 is 120～1,500,000 tons, will reach 2,000,000 tons in 2015.With developed country's ratio, China's modified starch industry is still relatively backward, and the range of application of modified starch and field are still more limited.
Cationic starch is that the hydroxyl of aminated compounds and starch molecule reacts the etherification starch derivant that generates under base catalysis.Cationic starch can be divided into quaternary ammonium salt cationic starch, tertiary ammonium salt cationic starch, secondary amine salt cation starch, primary amine salt cation starch etc. by the difference of its cationic intensity.What wherein emphasis was used for flocculating agent is quaternary ammonium salt cationic starch.Cationic starch can play in the electric charge with water-borne glue body particulate and the effect of absorption crane span structure, makes the colloidal particles in the system take off surely, flocculate, thereby removes the middle suspended solid that anhydrates, and reduces the turbidity of water.
The Tasset Emmett of the U.S. etc. are under base catalysis; Starch is reacted with the halohydrin quaternary ammonium salt; Synthesized cationic starch flocculant, then added alkaline earth oxide again or hydrogen chloride is accomplished entire reaction, this reaction product can be used as flocculating agent, suspending agent and emulsifying agent.Usefulness cationic modified starch quaternary ammonium salts such as Klimenwiciete are handled the porcelain earth water sample; Studied the influence of degree of substitution and consumption to flocculating property; And compare with the flocculating property of PAMC derivant; The result shows: cationic starch flocculant is respond well, when degree of substitution reaches high flocculating effect 0.3～0.45 the time.Oelmeyer etc. are through having obtained good effect to cationic starch and the synthetic composite harbour mud that is used for flocculating that makes of anionic polymer flocculating agent.People such as Pal have studied the flocculation of cationic starch for zeyssatite suspending liquid, and Nystrom etc. has studied cationic starch and the composite use flocculation of sodium polyacrylate calcite suspension, and Sableviciene has studied the flocculating effect of high replacement cationic starch.More than research shows that cationic starch has good flocculation or effect of flocculant.
After cationic flocculant preparation is accomplished, need measure its intrinsic viscosity, thereby detect the quality of the cationic flocculant product of preparation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming and defect of above-mentioned prior art; A kind of assay method of intrinsic viscosity of cationic flocculant is provided, and this assay method can be measured the intrinsic viscosity of cationic flocculant fast, and measuring accuracy is high; Measuring process is simple, has reduced the measurement cost.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical proposals: a kind of assay method of intrinsic viscosity of cationic flocculant may further comprise the steps:
(a) it is subsequent use to produce cationic flocculant;
(b) in volumetric flask, take by weighing a certain amount of cationic flocculant;
(c) continue to shake volumetric flask, and add distilled water;
(d) treat cationic flocculant dissolving after, add sodium chloride solution with transfer pipet after, place it in the water-bath;
(e) behind the constant temperature,, shake up to scale with distilled water diluting, promptly getting sample solution concentration is 0.001g/mL, and sodium chloride concentration is the solution of 1.00mol/L, is placed in the water bath with thermostatic control subsequent use;
(f) flow time of mensuration solvent and solution calculates intrinsic viscosity through flow time.
In the said step (a), cationic flocculant is starch-dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride-acrylic amide ternary graft copolymer.
In the said step (b), the volume of volumetric flask is 100mL.
In the said step (b), the cationic flocculant quality that takes by weighing is 0.1g.
In the said step (c), the distilled water volume of adding is 48mL.
In the said step (d), concentration of sodium chloride solution is 2.00mol/L.
In the said step (d), bath temperature is 30 ℃.
In the said step (d), the sodium chloride solution volume of adding is 50mL.
In sum, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: can measure the intrinsic viscosity of cationic flocculant fast, measuring accuracy is high, and measuring process is simple, has reduced the measurement cost.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is done further detailed description, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited only to this.
Embodiment:
The assay method of the intrinsic viscosity of a kind of cationic flocculant that the present invention relates to, its concrete steps are following:
(a) it is subsequent use to produce cationic flocculant;
(b) in volumetric flask, take by weighing a certain amount of cationic flocculant;
(c) continue to shake volumetric flask, and add distilled water;
(d) treat cationic flocculant dissolving after, add sodium chloride solution with transfer pipet after, place it in the water-bath;
(e) behind the constant temperature,, shake up to scale with distilled water diluting, promptly getting sample solution concentration is 0.001g/mL, and sodium chloride concentration is the solution of 1.00mol/L, is placed in the water bath with thermostatic control subsequent use;
(f) flow time of mensuration solvent and solution calculates intrinsic viscosity through flow time.
In the step (f), the computing formula of intrinsic viscosity is following:
[η]＝[2×(η
SP-lnη
r)]
1/2/c
η
SP＝η
r-1
η
r＝t
1/t
0
Wherein: t
0The flow time of-1.00mol/L NaCl solution;
t
1The flow time of-solvent.
In the said step (a), cationic flocculant is starch-dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride-acrylic amide ternary graft copolymer.
In the said step (b), the volume of volumetric flask is 100mL.
In the said step (b), the cationic flocculant quality that takes by weighing is 0.1g.
In the said step (c), the distilled water volume of adding is 48mL.
In the said step (d), concentration of sodium chloride solution is 2.00mol/L.
In the said step (d), bath temperature is 30 ℃.
In the said step (d), the sodium chloride solution volume of adding is 50mL.
The said determination method can be measured the intrinsic viscosity of starch-acrylamide grafted copolymer fast, and measuring accuracy is high, and measuring process is simple, has reduced the measurement cost.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, and every foundation technical spirit of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent variations to above embodiment did all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the assay method of the intrinsic viscosity of a cationic flocculant is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(a) it is subsequent use to produce cationic flocculant;
(b) in volumetric flask, take by weighing a certain amount of cationic flocculant;
(c) continue to shake volumetric flask, and add distilled water;
(d) treat cationic flocculant dissolving after, add sodium chloride solution with transfer pipet after, place it in the water-bath;
(e) behind the constant temperature,, shake up to scale with distilled water diluting, promptly getting sample solution concentration is 0.001g/mL, and sodium chloride concentration is the solution of 1.00mol/L, is placed in the water bath with thermostatic control subsequent use;
(f) flow time of mensuration solvent and solution calculates intrinsic viscosity through flow time.
2. the assay method of the intrinsic viscosity of a kind of cationic flocculant according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the said step (a), cationic flocculant is starch-dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride-acrylic amide ternary graft copolymer.
3. the assay method of the intrinsic viscosity of a kind of cationic flocculant according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the said step (b), the volume of volumetric flask is 100mL.
4. the assay method of the intrinsic viscosity of a kind of cationic flocculant according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the said step (b), the cationic flocculant quality that takes by weighing is 0.1g.
5. the assay method of the intrinsic viscosity of a kind of cationic flocculant according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the said step (c), the distilled water volume of adding is 48mL.
6. the assay method of the intrinsic viscosity of a kind of cationic flocculant according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the said step (d), concentration of sodium chloride solution is 2.00mol/L.
7. the assay method of the intrinsic viscosity of a kind of cationic flocculant according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the said step (d), bath temperature is 30 ℃.
8. the assay method of the intrinsic viscosity of a kind of cationic flocculant according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the said step (d), the sodium chloride solution volume of adding is 50mL.
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| CN2010105603473A CN102466607A (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2010-11-15 | Method for measuring intrinsic viscosity number of cationic flocculant |
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| CN2010105603473A CN102466607A (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2010-11-15 | Method for measuring intrinsic viscosity number of cationic flocculant |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111157403A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-15 | 成都宏基建材股份有限公司 | Method for detecting flocculating agent in sand |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111157403A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-15 | 成都宏基建材股份有限公司 | Method for detecting flocculating agent in sand |
| CN111157403B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-05-13 | 成都宏基建材股份有限公司 | Method for detecting flocculating agent in sand |
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Application publication date: 20120523 |