CN102461247A - Sensor-based wireless communication systems using compressive sampling - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods, devices and systems for sensor-based wireless communication systems using compressive sampling are provided. In one embodiment, the method for sampling signals comprises receiving, over a wireless channel, a user equipment transmission based on an S- sparse combination of a set of vectors; down converting and discretizing the received transmission to create a discretized signal; correlating the discretized signal with a set of sense waveforms to create a set of samples, wherein a total number of samples in the set is equal to a total number of sense waveforms in the set, wherein the set of sense waveforms does not match the set of vectors, and wherein the total number of sense waveforms in the set of sense waveforms is fewer than a total number of vectors in the set of vectors; and transmitting at least one sample of the set of samples to a remote central processor.

Description

Use sensor-based wireless communication system of compression sampling

Technical field

The disclosure is usually directed to wireless communication system, and more specifically, relates to the method, equipment and the system that are used for using at sensor-based wireless communication system compression sampling.

Background technology

Wireless communication system is disposed widely provides for example various voice-and-data related services.Typical wireless communication system comprises the multi-access communication network that allows the user to share common network resource.The example of these networks is time division multiple access (" TDMA ") system, code division multiple access (" CDMA ") system, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (" SC-FDMA ") system, OFDM (" OFDMA ") system or other similar systems.Utilize various technical standards to support the OFDMA system, such as evolved universal terrestrial wireless access (" E-UTRA "), Wi-Fi, World Interoperability for Microwave Access, WiMax (" WiMAX "), Ultra-Mobile Broadband (" UMB ") and other similar systems.In addition, utilize various normal structures (such as third generation partner program (" 3GPP ") and 3GPP2) standard of exploitation the realization of these systems is described.

Along with the evolution of wireless communication system, having introduced provides the more senior network equipment that strengthens characteristic, function and performance.This high-level network equipment can also be called Long Term Evolution (" LTE ") equipment or Long Term Evolution senior (" LTE-A ") equipment.The high-speed packet that is structured in LTE inserts on the success of (" HSPA "), said high-speed packet insert have higher average and peak-data throughput rate, lower delay and better user experience, particularly in high demand geographic area.LTE has realized the performance that this is higher through using wideer spectral bandwidth, OFDMA and SC-FDMA air interface and senior antenna method.

Can use single-input single-output system (" SISO "), single input multiple output system (" SIMO ") and multi-input multi-output system (" MIMO ") to set up the communication between subscriber equipment and the base station; Wherein, In said SISO system, only an antenna is used for Receiver And Transmitter simultaneously; In said SIMO system, use many antennas at the receiver place, and only use an antenna at the transmitter place; In said mimo system, all use many antennas at the Receiver And Transmitter place.Compare with the SISO system, if use many transmitting antennas, many reception antennas or the two, then SIMO can provide the coverage of increase, and mimo system can provide the spectrum efficiency of increase and the data throughout of Geng Gao.

In these wireless communication systems, the input in the noise is general with estimating.Sampling thheorem provides the ability that continuous time signal is converted into discrete-time signal, thereby allows to carry out efficient and effectively realization to input and algorithm for estimating.The so-called Shannon theorem of well-known sampling thheorem, and the necessary condition relevant with frequency bandwidth is provided, to allow accurate recovery to arbitrary signal.Said necessary condition is to sample to this signal with the minimum twice of the peak frequency of signal, and this sampling rate also is defined as Nyquist speed.The sampling of Nyquist speed has following defective: require expensive high-quality assembly, this assembly requires a large amount of power and becomes the sampling that is supported in big frequency place originally.In addition, the sampling of Nyquist speed changes according to the peak frequency of signal, and does not require the knowledge of any other attribute of this signal.

Part in these difficulties is difficult; Compression sampling provides the new frame that is used for signal sensing and compression; Wherein, expression signal does not lose the number of the needed value of expectation information simultaneously to utilize the particular community " sparse property " of input signal to reduce reliably.

Description of drawings

Those of ordinary skills put into effect to understanding of the present disclosure and with it for ease, now to quoting with reference to the illustrated example embodiment of accompanying drawing.In whole accompanying drawings, similar reference numeral refers to unit similar on identical or the function.According to the disclosure, accompanying drawing and embodiment are merged in the specification, and constitute the part of specification, and be used for further illustrated example embodiment and various principle and advantages are described, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 illustration the embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Fig. 2 illustration another embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Fig. 3 illustration another embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Fig. 4 illustration the embodiment of compression sampling system of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Fig. 5 is the flow chart according to an embodiment of the compression sampling method of the various aspects of this paper elaboration.

Fig. 6 illustration another embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Fig. 7 illustration an embodiment of the cut-in method in sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Fig. 8 illustration another embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Fig. 9 illustration the embodiment of quantization method of the detector in sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Figure 10 is the chart that is illustrated in the example of the type of employed rarefaction representation matrix and sensing matrix in sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper.

Figure 11 illustration an embodiment of the wireless device that can in sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper, use.

Figure 12 illustration an embodiment of the transducer that can in sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper, use.

Figure 13 illustration an embodiment of the base station that can in sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper, use.

Figure 14 illustration in sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper the simulation result of an embodiment of detected wireless devices.

Figure 15 illustration the simulation result of performance of an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Figure 16 illustration the simulation result of performance of an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Figure 17 illustration the simulation result of performance of an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Figure 18 illustration the simulation result of performance of an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Figure 19 illustration the simulation result of performance of an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Figure 20 is the example of the certainty matrix that in an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper, uses.

Figure 21 is the example of the random matrix that in an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper, uses.

Figure 22 illustration the example of the incoherent sampling system in the noise-free environment.

Figure 23 illustration another embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Figure 24 illustration the example of the harmless sampling system of prior art.

Figure 25 illustration another embodiment that in noisy environment, uses sensor-based wireless communication system of compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Figure 26 illustration another embodiment of the cut-in method in sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Figure 27 illustration another embodiment that in noisy environment, uses sensor-based wireless communication system of compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.

Figure 28 shows another embodiment according to sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of this paper elaboration.

Figure 29 shows another embodiment according to sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of this paper elaboration.

Figure 30 shows the object run zone of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper of proposition.

Figure 31 shows another embodiment according to sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of this paper elaboration.

Figure 32 shows the embodiment according to the frequency domain sample of sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of this paper elaboration.

Figure 33 is the block diagram according to the long-range sampler of sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of this paper elaboration.

What it will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that is that for clarity, simply, and further help strengthens the understanding to embodiment, the unit in the accompanying drawing is carried out illustration, but these unit needn't be drawn proportionally.

Embodiment

Be used for the exemplary method, equipment and the system that use at sensor-based wireless communication system although disclose below, what those skilled in the art will appreciate that is in no case should instruction of the present disclosure be restricted to example shown.On the contrary, expection can realize instruction of the present disclosure in replacement configuration and environment.For example; Although describe exemplary method as herein described, equipment and system in conjunction with the configuration of aforesaid sensor-based wireless communication system; But those skilled in the art will recognize easily and can in other system, use this exemplary method, equipment and system, and this exemplary method, equipment and system can be configured to as required corresponding to these other systems.Correspondingly; Although the exemplary method, equipment and the system that in sensor-based wireless communication system, use are described below; Those of ordinary skills will understand is that; Disclosed example is not to realize the sole mode of this method, equipment and system, and accompanying drawing with describe that to be considered to be illustrative and nonrestrictive in itself.

Various technology as herein described can be used for various sensor-based wireless communication systems.Various aspects as herein described are rendered as method, equipment and the system that can comprise a plurality of assemblies, unit, member, module, node, ancillary equipment or the like.In addition, these methods, equipment and system can comprise or can not comprise add-on assemble, unit, member, module, node, ancillary equipment or the like.In addition, can realize various aspects as herein described with hardware, firmware, software or their any combination.Be important to note that term " network " and " system " can exchange use.Relational terms as herein described; Such as " ... on " and " ... under ", " left side " and " right side ", " first " and " second " or the like can only be used for an entity or action separate with another entity or active region, and needn't require or hint these entities or move between this relation or in proper order of any reality.Term " or " be intended to mean comprising property " or ", rather than exclusiveness " or ".In addition, term " a " and " an " are intended to mean one or more, based on context can clearly be intended to singulative only if specify perhaps separately.

Said wireless communication system can comprise a plurality of subscriber equipmenies and foundation structure.This foundation structure comprises in this wireless communication system not being the part of subscriber equipment, such as the combination of transducer, base station, core net, downlink transmitter, other unit and unit.Said core net can insert other networks.Said core net (also being known as central brain (central brain) or remote central processor) can comprise the high power infrastructure component, and it can be with acceptable financial cost, and the big function of calculating strength is carried out on two-forty ground.Said core net can comprise infrastructure element, this infrastructure element can with base station communication, thereby make physical layer function also can carry out by said core net.Said base station can be to the downlink transmitter communicating control information, to overcome the communication barrier that for example is associated with channel fading.Channel fading comprises how radio frequency (" RF ") signal can be flicked from a lot of reflectors, and resulting reflection and attribute.Said core net can be for example identical infrastructure element with the base station; Share the part of same infrastructure unit; Or different infrastructure element.

The base station can be called Node B (" NodeB "), base station transmitting-receiving station (" BTS "), access point (" AP "), satellite, router or certain other technology of equal value.The base station can comprise RF transmitter, RF receiver or both, and they and antenna coupling are communicating with subscriber equipment.

Transducer can be called long-range sampler, remote conversion equipment, distance sensor or other similar terms.Transducer can comprise for example antenna, receiving element, sampler, controller, memory and transmitter.Transducer can be mutual with for example base station.In addition, transducer can be deployed in the wireless communication system that comprises core net, and this core net can insert another network.

The subscriber equipment that uses in the wireless communication system can be called mobile radio station (" MS "), terminal, cell phone, cellular handset, personal digital assistant (" PDA "), smart phone, handheld computer, desktop computer, laptop computer, flat computer, net book, printer, STB, television set, wireless device or certain other equivalent technique.Subscriber equipment can comprise RF transmitter, RF receiver or the two, and they and antenna coupling are to communicate with the base station.In addition, subscriber equipment can be that fix or mobile, and can have the ability that in wireless communication system, moves.In addition, uplink communication refer to from the subscriber equipment to the base station, transducer or the communication of the two.Downlink communication refers to from the base station, downlink transmitter or the two communication to subscriber equipment.

Fig. 1 illustration according to an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system 100 of the use compression sampling of various aspects as herein described.In this embodiment, the system 100 robust high bandwidth real-time radio communication of high user density that can provide support.System 100 can comprise subscriber equipment 106, transducer 110 to 113, base station 102, core net 103 and other networks 104.Subscriber equipment 106 can be for example low-cost low-power equipment.Base station 102 can use for example a plurality of low-cost low power sensors 110 to 113 to communicate by letter with subscriber equipment 106.

In Fig. 1, system 100 comprise with base station 102 coupling transducer 110 to 113, be used for from subscriber equipment 106 received communications.Base station 102 can be coupled with core net 103, and core net 103 can insert other networks 104.In one embodiment, transducer 110 to 113 can arrive hundreds of rice for for example about 10 meters in the interval.In another embodiment, can use single-sensor 110 to 113.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that when disposing sensor-based wireless communication system, between power consumption, lower deployment cost, power system capacity, other factors and the blocking factor of transducer, have balance.For example, along with the interval of transducer 110 to 113 becomes more approaching, the power consumption of transducer 110 to 113 possibly reduce, and lower deployment cost and power system capacity possibly increase simultaneously.In addition, when with transducer 110 to 113 near the time, subscriber equipment 106 can use with the different RF band of the employed frequency range of bottom wireless network and operate.

In current embodiment, transducer 110 to 113 can use communication link 114 to 117 and base station 102 couplings respectively, and communication link 114 to 117 can be supported for example optical fiber cable cable connection, coaxial cable connection, other connections or their combination in any.In addition, sensor-based information can transmitted each other in a plurality of base stations 102, to support various functions.Utilize the for example combination of antenna, RF front end, baseband circuit, interface circuit, controller, memory, other unit or unit, can transducer 110 to 113 be designed to low cost.A plurality of transducers 110 to 113 can be used to support the combination of for example aerial array operation, SIMO operation, MIMO operation, beam shaping operation, other operation or operation.Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that aforementioned operation can allow subscriber equipment 106 to send with lower power level, thereby cause for example lower power consumption.

In system 100, subscriber equipment 106 for example can use with base station 102 that procotol communicates.Said procotol can be the for example combination of cellular network protocols, Bluetooth agreement, wireless local loop (" WLAN ") agreement or any other agreement or agreement.Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that cellular network protocols can be any in a lot of standardized cellular network protocols of in such as LTE, UMTS, GSM and other system, using.The part of the procotol that transducer 110 to 113 is performed can comprise the for example part of physical layer function.Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that transducer 110 to 113 performed reduction functions can cause the combination of power consumption, other advantages or the advantage of lower cost, littler size, reduction.

Transducer 110 to 113 can be supplied power by the for example combination of battery power source, interchange (" AC ") electric power source or other power sources or power source.Can use for example automatic repetitive requests (" ARQ ") agreement, be supported in the communication that comprises real time communication between transducer 110 to 113, subscriber equipment 106, base station 102, core net 103, other networks 104 or their the arbitrary combination.

In current embodiment, transducer 110 to 113 can compress the uplink signal that is received (" f ") that sends from subscriber equipment 106, to form sensing signal (" y ").Transducer 110 to 113 can use communication link 114-117 respectively, to base station 102 this sensing signal (" y ") is provided.Then, this sensing signal (" y ") can be handled in base station 102.Base station 102 can be to transducer 110 to 113 move instructions, and wherein, said instruction can relate to the for example combination of wave beam control, other instructions or the instruction of data transaction, oscillator tuning, use phase sample.In addition, subscriber equipment 106, transducer 110 to 113, base station 102, core net 103, other networks 104 or their arbitrary combination can use the combination of for example medium access control (" MAC ") hybrid ARQ agreement, other similar agreements or agreement to comprise the communication of real time communication.Equally; Subscriber equipment 106, transducer 110 to 113, base station 102, core net 103, other networks 104 or their arbitrary combination for example can be used, and the combination of existence signaling code (presence signaling code), empty time-code, fountain sign indicating number (fountain code), other communications codes or communications codes communicates; Said existence signaling code can be operated under the situation of the cooperation that does not need transducer 110 to 113; Said empty time-code possibly require channel knowledge, and said fountain sign indicating number can be used for registration and real-time Transmission.In these communications codes some possibly require for example to use the advantage that various signal processing technologies are utilized any inherent attribute of these yards.

In Fig. 1, following function can be carried out in base station 102, such as the transmitting system Overhead; Use transducer 110 to 113 to detect the existence of subscriber equipment 106; Bidirectional real-time with subscriber equipment 106; The combination of other functions or function.Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that transducer 110 to 113 can be very much more cheap with core net 103 than base station 102.

Through with cycle rate, aperiodic speed or value that the two measures continuous time signal form discrete-time signal, carry out sampling.In current embodiment, the effective sampling rate of transducer 110 to 113 maybe be less than the actual samples speed of transducer 110 to 113 uses.Said actual samples speed is the sampling rate of analog-digital converter (" ADC ") for example.Effective sampling rate is measured in output place at transducer 110 to 113, and it is corresponding to the bandwidth of sensing signal (" y ").Through lower effective sampling rate is provided, transducer 110 to 113 can consumption rate with other transducers power still less of actual samples th rate, and without any need for compression.Can be in the deployment of system with Redundancy Design, thus make the loss of transducer minimum degree ground influenced the performance of this system.For the signal of a lot of types, can carry out reconstruct by base station 102, core net 103, other networks 104 or their arbitrary combination to sort signal.

In current embodiment, each can comprise the combination of direct sequence despread unit, fast Fourier transform (" FFT ") unit, other unit or unit transducer 110 to 113.The regularly combination of instruction, other instructions or the instruction of the number of instruction, the frequency separation of selecting to be used for the FFT unit or the frequency range of (sub-chip timing) of the direct sequence sign indicating number of for example selecting to be used for despread unit or sub-chip can be sent to transducer 110 to 113 in base station 102.These instructions can transmit with a for example ms interval, and each instruction is simultaneously carried out in 1/10th milliseconds by transducer 110 to 113 after receiving.In addition, subscriber equipment 106 can send and receive information with the form of time slot, grouping, frame or other similar structures, and these structures can have for example one to five millisecond duration.Time slot, grouping, frame and other similar structures can comprise the set of the time-domain sampling of catching continuously, maybe can describe the continuous real number value or the set of complex values.

In Figure 100, system 100 can be included in the transmission of the overhead information between subscriber equipment 106, base station 102, core net 103, other networks 104, transducer 110 to 113 or their the arbitrary combination.Said overhead information can comprise the combination of for example guiding and synchronizing information, wireless wide area network information, WLAN information, other information or information.Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that through 106 pairs of restricting user equipments and keep watch on bottom-layer network, additional networks or the demand of the two, can reduce its power consumption.

In Fig. 1, if subscriber equipment 106 enough proximity transducers 110 to 113, then subscriber equipment 106 can send uplink signal with low transmission power level.Transducer 110 to 113 can carry out compression sampling to the uplink signal (" g ") that is received, to generate sensing signal (" y ").Transducer 110 to 113 can use communication link 114 to 117 respectively, and (" y ") sends to base station 102 with sensing signal.For example the 1st layer function can be carried out in base station 102, such as the demodulation sign indicating number; Layer 2 feature is such as packet numbering and ARQ; And higher functions, such as registration, channel allocation and switching.Base station 102 can have sizable computing capability come in real time, near in real time or the two side by side carry out the big function of calculating strength.

In current embodiment; Base station 102 for example can use such as the knowledge of the said communication channel of the antenna related matrix of subscriber equipment 106, with the combination of number, other factors or the factor of the approaching transducer 110 to 113 of subscriber equipment 106, application link adjustment strategy.This adjustment strategy of the knowledge of said communication channel can require the processing of period, for example, and a ms interval.Spatial multiplexing gain and diversity gain were operated when this strategy for example can allow with optimum empty.Equally; Can communicate by letter each other in a plurality of base stations 102; Carrying out for example dirty paper code (dirty paper coding) (" DPC "), said dirty paper code is to be used for through having stood the technology that certain comes to send effectively down link signal for the communication channel of the known interference in base station 102.In order to support these technology, can be from other base stations that subscriber equipment 106 receives extra uplink signal to this uplink signal (" f ") being provided with subscriber equipment 106 associated base station 102.Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that a plurality of subscriber equipmenies 106 can communicate by letter with base station 102.

Fig. 2 illustration another embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system 200 of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.In the present embodiment, can the provide support robust high bandwidth of high user density of system 200 is implemented radio communication.System 200 comprises subscriber equipment 206, transducer 210 to 213, base station 202, core net 203 and other networks 204.In the present embodiment, transducer 210 to 213 can be carried out the part of the 1st layer function, such as the receiving uplink signal and carry out compression sampling.In addition, base station 202 can be used communication link 214 to 217 respectively, sends instruction to transducer 210 to 213.These instructions can be for example to use specific multiple access access code (such as direct sequence sign indicating number or OFDM sign indicating number) to compress.In addition, instruction can be sent to transducer 210 to 213 in base station 202, with for example to carry out sampling in the sampling rate of the sampling rate twice at particular phases place.

The big function of calculating strength can be carried out in base station 202, for example the sensing signal that receives from transducer 210 to 213 (" y "), to detect the existence of subscriber equipment 206.In case detect the existence of subscriber equipment 206, base station 202 can sensors configured 210 to 213, to improve the reception from the uplink signal (" f ") of subscriber equipment 206.This improvement can be associated with the combination of timing, frequency, coding, other characteristics or characteristic.In addition, subscriber equipment 206 for example can use that the fountain sign indicating number sends uplink signal (" f ").For the high bandwidth low power communication, subscriber equipment 206 can use the fountain sign indicating number to send to comprise the for example uplink signal of real-time voice.Grouping transmission rate to this uplink signal can be for example in 200Hz arrives the scope of 1kHz.Transducer 210 to 213 can have the limited decision-making capability of being controlled by base station 202 basically.

In Fig. 2, transducer 210 to 213 can intensively be disposed, for example: approximately transducer of each hundred meters spacing distance 210 to 213, the approximately combination of transducer of per ten meters spacing distances 210 to 213, other configurations or configuration.Transducer 210 to 213 can comprise downlink transmitter, and perhaps with the downlink transmitter place that coexists, said downlink transmitter is used to support to send from the base station 202 down link signals that receive.In addition; Base station 202 can use communication link to come to long-range downlink transmitter down link signal to be provided, and said long-range downlink transmitter is such as being legacy cellular iron tower with antenna sectorization, being installed in cellular transmitter on building or the auroral poles (light pole), the combination of low-power unit, other unit or unit in the office.The deployment of this long-range downlink transmitter can be the combination of supporting for example building deployment, street lamp deployment, other deployment or deployment.In addition, will be appreciated that a plurality of subscriber equipmenies 206 can communicate by letter with base station 202.

Fig. 3 illustration another embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system 300 of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.In the present embodiment, system's 300 expression multiple access systems.System 300 comprises subscriber equipment 306, transducer 301, base station 302 and downlink transmitter 308.In Fig. 3, transducer 310 can comprise the receiving element that is used for uplink signal is carried out down-conversion.Those of ordinary skills will understand to the design of this receiving element and realize requirement.

In Fig. 3, downlink transmitter 308 can be coupled in base station 302, wherein, downlink transmitter 308 can with the for example honeycomb iron tower place that coexists.Base station 302 can comprise for example gatherer, is used for collecting sensing signal from transducer 310; Detector is used for detecting the information signal that this sensing signal comprises; Controller is used to control transducer 310; The combination of other unit or unit.Base station 302 and downlink transmitter 308 place that can coexist.In addition, downlink transmitter 308 can use communication link 309 to be coupled to base station 302, and this communication link 309 can be supported for example optical fiber cable connection, microwave link, coaxial cable connection, other connections or their arbitrary combination.The configuration of system 300 can be similar to conventional cellular system, such as the combination of gsm system, UMTS system, LTE system, cdma system, other system or system.The layout of combination of subscriber equipment, base station, downlink transmitter, other unit or unit that persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that these system demonstrations.

In current embodiment; Subscriber equipment 308 can use procotol to communicate by letter with base station 302, and to carry out such as following function: the channel that is used to insert, the combination of switching message, training or pilot tone signaling, other functions or function are discerned, allowed to access at random, paging, initiation, resource allocation, channel allocation, the expense signaling that comprises timing, navigation system.In addition, subscriber equipment 308 and base station 302 can transfers voice information, the combination of packetized digital information, circuit switched data information, other information or information.

Fig. 4 illustration the embodiment of compression sampling system of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.System 400 comprises compression sampling device 431 and detector 452.In Fig. 4, compression sampling device 431 can use the sense waveform (" φ of sensing matrix (" Φ ") _j") input signal (" f ") is carried out compression sampling, to generate sensing signal (" y "), wherein, φ _jRefer to j the waveform of sensing matrix (" Φ ").Input signal (" f ") can have length N, the sense waveform (" φ that it is N that sensing matrix (" Φ ") can have M length _j"), and sensing signal (" y ") can have length M, and wherein, M can be less than N.If (" f ") is enough sparse for input signal, then can recovering information signal (" x ").Those of ordinary skills will discern the characteristic of sparse signal.In a definition, it is sparse that the length with S nonzero value is that the signal of N is known as S, and comprise that N subtracts the individual null value of S (" N-S ").

In current embodiment, compression sampling device 431 for example can use that equality (1) carries out compression sampling to input signal (" f ").

Make $J\⋐\{1,...,N\}---\left(1\right)$

Wherein, inner product, relevance function or other similar functions represented in bracket < >.

In addition, detector 452 can be found the solution sensing signal (" y "), so that find information signal (" x ") with for example equality (2).

Satisfy $\&ForAll;k\&Element;J---\left(2\right)$

Wherein

Be l ₁Norm is the absolute value sum of the element of its independent variable, and bracket<>Represent inner product, relevance function or other similar functions.Can be applied to l ₁A minimized method is a simplex accelerated process (simplex method) for example.Finding the solution sensing signal (" y ") comprises with the additive method that finds information signal (" x ") and uses for example l ₀The combination of norm algorithm, additive method or method.

Incoherent sampling is the sense waveform (" φ that depends on the abundant incoherent sensing matrix of rarefaction representation matrix Ψ (" Φ ") _j") the compression sampling form, rarefaction representation matrix Ψ is used to make that input signal (" f ") is sparse.In order to minimize the sense waveform (" φ of sensing matrix (" Φ ") _j") required number, rarefaction representation the waveform (" ψ of rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") _j") and the sense waveform (" φ of sensing matrix (" Φ ") _j") between coherence (" μ ") should represent that these waveforms are fully incoherent, corresponding to lower coherence (" μ "), wherein, ψ _jRefer to j the waveform of rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ").Coherence (" μ ") can be represented by for example equality (3).

$\mathrm{\&mu;}(\mathrm{\&Phi;},\mathrm{\&Psi;})=\sqrt{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="N\; max"\; filenames="HDA0000120540290000161.png,HDA0000120540290000191.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">N</figure-callout>}}{\max }_{}{}_{1\&le;k,j\&le;N}{\left|\right|<{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k,{\mathrm{\&psi;}}_j>\left|\right|}_{l_1}---\left(3\right)$

Wherein

Be l ₁Norm is the absolute value sum of the element of its independent variable, and bracket<>Represent inner product, relevance function or other similar functions.

Fig. 5 is that this method can be used for for example designing the compression sampling system according to the flow chart of the embodiment of the compression sampling method 500 of the various aspects of this paper elaboration.In Fig. 5, method 500 starts from piece 570, and in piece 570, method 500 can be to input signal (" f ") modeling, and finds rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ "), and in rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ "), input signal (" f ") is that S is sparse.At piece 571, method 500 can be selected sensing matrix (" Φ "), and (" Ψ ") is fully irrelevant for this sensing matrix and rarefaction representation matrix.At piece 572, method 500 can be randomly, certainty ground or the two are side by side selected M sense waveform (" φ of sensing matrix (" Φ ") _j"), wherein M can be more than or equal to S.At piece 573, method 500 can be used selected M sense waveform (" φ _j") input signal (" f ") is sampled, to produce sensing signal (" y ").At piece 574, method 500 can pass to detector with rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ "), sensing matrix (" Φ ") and sensing signal (" y "), with recovering information signal (" x ").

Fig. 6 illustration another embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.In the present embodiment, the system 600 robust high bandwidth real-time radio communication of high user density that can provide support.System 600 comprises subscriber equipment 606, transducer 610 and base station 602.In Fig. 6, even transducer 610 for example can't be operated, system 600 also can allow subscriber equipment 606 to communicate by letter with for example bottom cellular system.System 600 can allow transducer 610 to be distributed widely, to meet for example office buildings environment.System 600 can allow base station 602 not to be subject to the for example combination of calculated capacity, memory, other resources or resource.System 600 can allow by for example conventional honeycomb iron tower down link signal to be provided.System 600 can allow subscriber equipment 606 to come minimizing power dissipation through its transmission power level being limited to for example about ten to 100 microwatts.System 600 can allow transducer 610 to use communication link 614 to be coupled to base station 602, and wherein, communication link 614 can be supported for example optical fiber cable connection, coaxial cable connection, other connections or their arbitrary combination.System 600 can allow transducer 610 to be operated by power source, and said power source is such as the combination that is battery, photovoltaic power source, alternating current (" AC ") electric power source, other power sources or power source.

In Fig. 6, system 600 can allow transducer 610 quite a lot ofly more cheap than base station 602.In addition, system 600 can allow transducer 610 to use the power of battery to come ongoing operation in one period time period that is expanded, such as about one to two year.In order to realize this, persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that such as the particular functionality of input, demodulation sign indicating number and must carry out by for example base station 602.

In Fig. 6, transducer 610 can have receiving element, such as with the antenna of RF down-conversion chain coupling, be used for receiving uplink signal (" f ").In the disclosure, uplink signal (" f ") can also be called uplink signal (" g ").Uplink signal (" g ") comprises and relevant dissemination channel effect and the environmental effect of uplink signal (" f ").For example, the channel gain of channel 620 (" a ") 621 can be represented for example dissemination channel effect, and the interchannel noise (" v ") 622 of channel 620 can be represented for example ambient noise effect simultaneously.In addition, transducer 610 can be supported to send the for example communication link of sensing signal (" y ") to base station 602.Transducer 610 can not have and is used for for example discerning the computing capability when subscriber equipment 606 sends uplink signal (" f ").Transducer 610 can be from the base station 602 receives the instruction that is associated with the for example combination of RF down-conversion, compression sampling, other functions or function.

There is the method for subscriber equipment access to wireless communication system of much making.One type cut-in method is an Aloha accidental access method for example, when Unidentified subscriber equipment is attempted access network, carries out this method.After subscriber equipment provides the permission of using system and has distributed any up link and downlink channel, can take place and the base station between two-way communication.

Fig. 7 illustration an embodiment of the cut-in method 700 in sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.Various exemplary architecture have been shown, so that to the understanding of method 700 in the bottom of Fig. 7.In addition, Fig. 7 illustration base station 702 twice, but should it be interpreted as same base station 702.Correspondingly, method 700 comprises the communication between base station 702, subscriber equipment 706, transducer 710 or their the arbitrary combination.Subscriber equipment 706 can have the incident 770 that for example powers on, and begins to observe the Overhead Message 771 of 702 transmissions from the base station.Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the base station can use the combination of for example broadcast communication, point-to-multipoint delivery, point-to-point communication or other communication meanss or communication means, with communications of user equipment.Overhead Message 771 can comprise system parameters, this system parameters comprise message frame for example length, with sense waveform (" φ _j") value and the degree of rarefication S of the uplink signal (" f ") that is sent out of the M that is associated of number.

In Fig. 7, for example Overhead Message can be sent in base station 702, uses degree of rarefication S with configure user equipment 706 ₁With rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ "), shown in 772.Then, subscriber equipment 706 can send and use degree of rarefication S ₁The existence signal, shown in 780.The existence signal can comprise any signal that can be compressed sampling that subscriber equipment 706 sends to base station 702.In another embodiment, when subscriber equipment 706 was confirmed it near base station 702, subscriber equipment 706 can send and use S ₁The existence signal, shown in 780.In this case, subscriber equipment 706 can confirm that it is near base station 702 via base station 702, another base station or Overhead Message 771 that the two sends.

In Fig. 7, the Overhead Message that for example comprises system information can also be sent in base station 702, said system message such as be framing, regularly, the combination of system identification, other system information or information, shown in 773.In addition, the for example M of sensing matrix (" Φ ") can be used by indication sensor 710 in base station 702 ₁Individual sense waveform (" φ _j"), shown in 791.Then, transducer 710 can be handled the uplink signal (" f ") that is received continuously, and sends the M that uses sensing matrix (" Φ ") to base station 702 ₁Individual sense waveform (" φ _j") sensing signal (" y "), shown in 790.

In Fig. 7, for example Overhead Message can be sent in base station 702, uses degree of rarefication S with configure user equipment 706 ₂With rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ "), shown in 774.Then, subscriber equipment 706 can send and for example use degree of rarefication S ₂The existence signal, shown in 781.In addition, the for example M of sensing matrix (" Φ ") can be used by indication sensor 710 in base station 702 ₂Individual sense waveform (" φ _j"), shown in 792.Then, transducer 710 can be handled the uplink signal (" f ") that is received continuously, and sends the M that uses sensing matrix (" Φ ") to base station 702 ₂Individual sense waveform (" φ _j") sensing signal (" y "), shown in 793.Subscriber equipment 706 can continue to send use S ₂The existence signal, shown in 781, detect up to for example base station 702 and to use S ₂The existence signal, shown in 794.At this some place, identification message can be sent to subscriber equipment 706 in base station 702, and said identification message comprises the request of the part of the Electronic Serial Number (" ESN ") that for example sends subscriber equipment 706, and uses degree of rarefication S ₃With the request of rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ "), shown in 775.In addition, instruction can be sent to transducer 710 in base station 702, so that with for example M ₃New value and new sensing matrix (" Φ "), shown in 795.Then, transducer 710 can be handled the uplink signal (" f ") that is received continuously, and sends the M that uses sensing matrix (" Φ ") to base station 702 ₃Individual sense waveform (" φ _j") sensing signal (" y "), shown in 796.

In Fig. 7, subscriber equipment 706 can send to comprise and use S to base station 702 ₃The uplink message of a part of ESN of subscriber equipment, shown in 782.In case base station 702 has received this uplink message, downlinlc message just can be sent to subscriber equipment 706 in base station 702, send the complete ESN of subscriber equipment for example and to the request of resource, shown in 776 with request subscriber equipment 706.Then, subscriber equipment 706 can send uplink message, comprises to use S ₃Subscriber equipment complete ESN and to the request of resource, shown in 783.After base station 702 receives these uplink messages, the complete ESN that base station 702 can verifying user equipment 706, qualified in system to confirm it, and distribute any resource to it, shown in 798.Then, downlinlc message can be sent to subscriber equipment 706 in base station 702, with to its Resources allocation, shown in 777.

Transducer 710 can receive constantly to have with centre frequency (" f _c") be the uplink signal (" f ") of the frequency bandwidth (" B ") at center.Transducer 710 can use receiving element that uplink signal (" f ") is carried out down-conversion, carries out compression sampling then.Through for example the uplink signal (" f ") that is received being sampled, calculate the product of sensing matrix (" Φ ") and this sampling then, to generate sensing signal (" y "), carry out compression sampling.Can locate for example to carry out sampling in frequency bandwidth (" B ") corresponding to Nyquist speed, thereby with consistent according to the received uplink signal (" f ") of Shannon theorem preservation.Can be for example periodically, aperiodicity ground or the two side by side sample to received uplink signal (" f ").

Said sampling process can obtain N sampling, and the product of calculating sensing matrix (" Φ ") and N sampling can obtain M value of sensing signal (" y ").Sensing matrix (" Φ ") can have dimension N * M.Can be on communication link, M the value of these resulting sensing signals (" y ") sent to base station 702.Compression sampling can reduce to M sampling from N sampling of conventional scheme with the number of samples that is sent to base station 702, and wherein M can be less than N.If transducer 710 does not have enough systems regularly, can adopt higher sampling rate to carry out sampling, thereby obtain for example 2N sampling.To this situation, transducer 710 can calculate the product of 2N sampling of sensing matrix (" Φ ") and uplink signal (" f "), thereby obtains 2M sampling of sensing signal (" y ").Therefore, said compression sampling device can reduce to 2M sampling from 2N sampling of conventional scheme with the number of samples that is sent to base station 702, and wherein M can be less than N.To this situation, sensing matrix (" Φ ") can have dimension 2N * 2M.

Said compression sampling device can be through the uplink signal that is received (" f ") that will sample independent the sense waveform (" φ that selects with for example sensing matrix (" Φ ") _j") relevant, calculate sensing signal (" y ").Can under the situation of the knowledge that need not information signal (" x "), select the sense waveform (" φ of sensing matrix (" Φ ") _j").Yet the selection of M can be according to for example to the estimation of the degree of rarefication S of the uplink signal (" f ") that received.Therefore, selected M sense waveform (" φ of sensing matrix (" Φ ") _j") can be independent of rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ "), but M can depend on the estimation to the attribute of the uplink signal (" f ") that received.In addition, the degree of rarefication S of the uplink signal that is received (" f ") can be by base station 702 controls of for example sending downlinlc message to subscriber equipment 706, and this downlinlc message is used to discern subscriber equipment 706, and configure user equipment 706 uses degree of rarefication S ₃With new rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") 775.

The successful detection of 702 pairs of information signals in base station (" x ") can require M more than or equal to degree of rarefication S.Can estimate degree of rarefication S and adjust afterwards through for example base station 702, overcome the knowledge that lacks degree of rarefication S.For example, base station 702 can be initialized as the for example value of N with M, and N can be corresponding to not compressing benefit.When the activity grade of the frequency bandwidth B of reception in transducer 710 places was estimated in base station 702, the value of M can for example be adjusted in base station 702.Through like this, base station 702 can be through M sense waveform (" φ of adjustment _j") number, influence the power consumption of transducer 710; Therefore, adjusted the bandwidth of the sensing signal (" y ") that on communication link, is sent to base station 702.

In addition, instruction can be sent to transducer 710 in base station 702, for example periodically increasing the value of M, thereby allows the thoroughly degree of rarefication S among the assessment frequency bandwidth B of base station 702.In addition, base station 702 can be sent and selection sense waveform (" φ to transducer 710 _j") the relevant instruction of method, such as the combination of selection, other systems of selection or the system of selection selecting at random, carry out according to scheduling.In some instances, transducer 710 maybe be with it to sense waveform (" φ _j") selection send base station 702 to.

Subscriber equipment 706 can send the existence signal, to notify its existence to base station 702.Each existence signal can be through for example selecting and make up rarefaction representation the waveform (" ψ of rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") _j") information signal that generates.Rarefaction representation waveform (" ψ to rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") _j") selection can dispose by the Overhead Message that send base station for example 702.For example, base station 702 can broadcast overhead messages, and this Overhead Message has been specified rarefaction representation the waveform (" ψ of rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") _j") subclass.

Base station 702 can also the broadcast downlink Overhead Messages, are used for using specific rarefaction representation the waveform (" ψ of rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") for Unidentified subscriber equipment 706 _j"), it can be called pilot signal (" ψ ₀").Transducer 710 is receiving uplink signal (" f ") continuously, and uplink signal (" f ") is carried out compression sampling with generation sensing signal (" y "), and sends sensing signals (" y ") to base station 702.Then, pilot signal (" ψ can be detected in base station 702 in sensing signal (" y ") ₀").In case the pilot signal of detecting (" ψ ₀"), base station 702 can estimating user equipment 706 and transducer 710 between channel gain

And can indicate pilot signal transmitted (" ψ ₀") Any user equipment 706 send the for example part of its ESN.If between sending, clash, can use contention resolution to separate the subsequent uplink transmission trial that different user devices 706 carries out such as the Aloha algorithm from the up link of different user devices 706.

Transducer 710 can also be operated under the situation of not considering the communication between base station 702 and the subscriber equipment 706.For example M rarefaction representation waveform (" ψ of rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") can be used by indication sensor 710 in base station 702 _j").In addition, base station 702 can be based on expecting that for example the uplink signal of subscriber equipment 706 (" f ") is measured the value that changes M.For example, if the degree of rarefication S of base station 702 expection uplink signals (" f ") changes, then base station 702 can indication sensor 710 changes the value of M.For specific certainty sensing matrix (" Φ "), when M equaled the value of N, the sensing matrix in the transducer 710 (" Φ ") can become discrete Fourier transform (" DFT ") effectively.

Fig. 8 illustration another embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system 800 of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.In the present embodiment, the system 800 robust high bandwidth real-time radio communication of high user density that can provide support.In Fig. 8, system 800 comprises subscriber equipment 806, transducer 810 and base station 802.Base station 802 can receive sensing signals (" y ") from transducer 810, and the input as the detector 851 of base station 802 to generate the estimation of information signal (" x "), is also referred to as

Then, base station 802 can quantize this estimation, to generate the for example quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), is also referred to as

Can use for example simplex accelerating algorithm, l ₁Norm algorithm, l ₀The estimation of information signal (" x ") is confirmed in the combination of norm algorithm, other algorithms or algorithm.In the present embodiment, all elements of the estimation of information signal (" x ") possibly have nonzero value.Therefore can carry out hard decision, to confirm to subtract the information signal (" x ") of the individual null value formation of S (" N-S ") by for example S nonzero value and N to the estimation of information signal (" x ").

Fig. 9 illustration the embodiment of quantization method 900 of the detector in sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper.Fig. 9 relates to the step in the quantizer 953 of step and base station 902 in the base station 902.Method 900 can begin to transducer 910 places that sensing signal (" y ") is sent in base station 902.At piece 952; Method 900 can be found the solution sensing signal (" y "); To confirm the estimation of information signal (" x "); Be also referred to as

at piece 970, method 900 can be with the element in the estimation of information signal (" x ") ordering for for example from peak to peak.

In Fig. 9, (" x ") is applied to quantizer 953 with information signal.At piece 971 places, method 900 can use estimation or the two of for example sensing signal (" y "), information signal (" x ") to confirm degree of rarefication S.In addition, base station 902 can fix the S value to subscriber equipment through sending downlinlc message to subscriber equipment.The desired value of S also can be come periodically to scan through sending different S values to transducer and confirming the degree of rarefication S of the uplink signal (" f ") of (for example to two second) during sometime section in base station 902.Because subscriber equipment can carry out repeatedly access attempts, so the bad luck estimation of S is had an opportunity to discern in base station 902, and its M value of indication sensor adjustment.Under the situation of the enough low duty ratio (duty cycle) relevant, can keep the power consumption advantage of using sensor-based cordless communication network with the scanning that is directed against S.In this manner, the compression sampling activity of transducer 910 can be followed the tracks of the degree of rarefication of the signal that possibly influence it adaptively.Therefore, even when carrying out compression sampling continuously, transducer 910 also can minimize its power consumption.

At piece 972, method 900 can be used at step 971 place the degree of rarefication S that confirms, with the index of maximum S element of the estimation that keeps information signal (" x ").At piece 973, method 900 can be used S the index of confirming at piece 972, is set to first value 974 with maximum S element of the estimation of information signal (" x ").At piece 975, residue N-S the element of method 900 in subsequently can the estimation of information signal (" x ") is set to second value 976.The output of quantizer 953 can be the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), is called

first value 974 and can is for example logical one.In addition, second value 976 can be a logical zero for example.

The chart 1000 of the example of the type of the rarefaction representation matrix that uses in sensor-based wireless communication system 100,200,300,400,600 and 800 of the use compression sampling of the various aspects that Figure 10 is an illustration sets forth according to this paper.In one embodiment, use sensor-based wireless communication system of compression sampling can use random matrix as rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") and sensing matrix (" Φ ").Random matrix is made up of for example independent same distribution (" iid ") Gauss's value.

In another embodiment, use sensor-based wireless communication system of compression sampling can use the certainty matrix as rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") and sensing matrix (" Φ ").The certainty matrix is made up of the unit matrix of for example rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") and the cosine matrix of sensing matrix (" Φ ").Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that a lot of dissimilar matrixes and make up sensor-based wireless communication system that can be used to use compression sampling.

Figure 11 illustration an embodiment of the subscriber equipment 1100 that can in sensor-based wireless communication system 100,200,300,400,600 and 800 of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper, use.In Figure 11, subscriber equipment 1100 can comprise and is used for modulates uplink message to form the modulator 1140 of information signal (" x ").Maker 1141 can receiving information signal (" x "); And can use rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") 1143 to information signal (" x "); To generate uplink signal (" f "), this signal uses for example antenna 1364 transmissions by link transmitter 1142.Subscriber equipment 1100 can also comprise that the down link signal that is used for that antenna 1164 is received carries out the descending link receiver 1148 of down-conversion.The down link signal that is received can be handled by demodulator 1149 subsequently, to generate downlinlc message.

In the present embodiment, subscriber equipment 1100 can comprise oscillator 1162, is used for subscriber equipment 1100 timing and keeps system regularly; Power supply 1163 such as battery 1361, is used for to subscriber equipment 1100 power supplies; Input-output apparatus 1367 is such as keypad and display; Memory 1360 is coupled to the controller 1147 of the operation that is used to control subscriber equipment 1100; The combination of other unit or unit.Those of ordinary skills will be familiar with the typical unit of in subscriber equipment, finding.

Figure 12 shows an embodiment of the transducer 1200 that can in sensor-based wireless communication system 100,200,300,400,600 and 800 of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper, use.In Figure 12, transducer 1200 can comprise that the uplink signal (" f ") that is used for that for example antenna 1264 is received carries out the receiving element 1230 of down-conversion.Compression sampling device 1231 can be applied to uplink signal (" f ") with sensing matrix (" Φ ") 1233, and to generate sensing signal (" y "), this sensing signal (" y ") can use sensor emission machine 1232 to send.

In the present embodiment, transducer 1200 can comprise: oscillator 1262 is used for transducer 1200 timing and keeps system regularly; Power supply 1263 such as battery 1261, is used for to subscriber equipment 1100 power supplies; Memory 1260 is coupled to the controller or the state machine 1237 of the operation that is used to control transducer 1200; The combination of other unit or unit.Can utilize hardware, software, firmware or their arbitrary combination to realize controller 1237.In addition, controller 1237 can comprise microprocessor, digital signal processor, memory, state machine or their arbitrary combination.

Figure 13 illustration an embodiment of the base station 1300 that can in sensor-based wireless communication system 100,200,300,400,600 and 800 of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper, use.In Figure 13, at uplink direction, base station 1300 can comprise the gatherer 1350 that is used to collect sensing signal (" y ").Detector 1351 can receive collected sensing signal (" y "), and can use sensing matrix (" Φ ") 1233 and rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") 1143, in collected sensing signal (" y "), estimates and detection information signal (" x ").Controller 1357 can be assessed detected information signal

to confirm uplink message.Make progress at downlink side, base station 1300 can comprise: modulator 1359 is used to modulate downlinlc message; And downlink transmitter interface 1358, be used to send modulated down link signal.

In the present embodiment, base station 1300 can comprise: oscillator 1362 is used for base station 1300 timing and keeps system regularly; Power supply 1363 is used for to base station 1300 power supplies; Memory 1360 is coupled to the controller 1337 of the operation that is used to control base station 1300; Sensor controller 1355 is used to control transducer; The downlink transmitter controller is used to control downlink transmitter; The combination of other unit or unit.

In one embodiment; Sensor-based wireless communication system 100,200,300,400,600 and 800 can use a plurality of transducers 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310 to handle uplink signal (" f "); To allow through using the combination of antenna array signals treatment technology, MIMO signal processing technology, beam forming technique, other technologies or technology, 102,202,302,602,702,802 and 1302 place's joint-detection existence signals in the base station.A plurality of transducers 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310 use can allow in the M value at each transducer 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310 places lower.Therefore; Can reduce the power consumption of each transducer 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310 through place a plurality of transducers 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310 with for example more intensive deployment.

In another embodiment; Sensor-based wireless communication system 100,200,300,400,600 and 800 can be disposed transducer 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310, receives the uplink signal (" f ") that is sent by subscriber equipment 706 typically to allow two transducers 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310.This deployment can be in indoor environment, and in this indoor environment, transducer 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310 can be deployed as 30 meters distances at interval, and the path loss index that is had is between two and three.In the transducer 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310 each can be deployed as the bigger zone of covering; Yet path loss index maybe be littler.For the detection of success, the probability that detects single existence signal can be higher than 10.

In another embodiment; Sensor-based wireless communication system 100,200,300,400,600 and 800 can be disposed transducer 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310 in Microcell, to support the for example combination of vehicle-carrying communication, other communications or communication.In addition, transducer 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310 can be deployed in the Microcell with support that for example the pedestrian communicates by letter, the combination of indoor communications, office communication, other communications or communication.

In system 100,200,300,400,600 and 800, channel 620 and 820 can be static, has channel gain (" a ") 621 and 821, and interchannel noise (" v ") 622 and 821 can be additive white Gaussian noise (" AWGN ").Interchannel noise (" v ") 622 and 821 can comprise additive signal, and this additive signal can be so that the information of interest distortion that receiver is watched.The source of interchannel noise (" v ") can be the combination of thermal noise, cochannel interference, adjacent-channel interference, other noise sources or the noise source at for example reception antenna place.In addition, transducer 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310; Subscriber equipment 106,206,306,606,706,806 and 1100; Base station 102,202,302,602,702,802 and 1302; Or their arbitrary combination can be in the combination of timing, frequency, phase place, their condition of other conditioned disjunctions fully synchronously.In addition, can only there be a transducer 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310; A subscriber equipment 106,206,306,606,706,806 and 1100; A base station 102,202,302,602,702,802 and 1302; Or their arbitrary combination.

The compression sampling scheme can be used rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") and sensing matrix (" Φ "), they be for example at random to, certainty to or above-mentioned arbitrary combination.For these matrixes; Can be to base station 102,202,302,602,702,802 and 1302, transducer 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310, subscriber equipment 106,206,306,606,706,806 and 1100 or their arbitrary combination, rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ "), sensing matrix (" Φ ") or the two, information (such as being used to generate rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ "), sensing matrix (" Φ ") or the seed of the two) for example are provided.Base station 102,202,302,602,702,802 and 1302 can be known and using which rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") and sensing matrix (" Φ ").Base station 102,202,302,602,702,802 and 1302 can indication sensor 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310 use sensing matrixes (" Φ ") M sense waveform (" φ _j") specific collection.In addition, base station 102,202,302,602,702,802 and 1302 can to subscriber equipment 106,206,306,606,706,806 and 1100 and transducer 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310 the indication uplink signals by for example N the interval or chip constitute.

Aforementioned random matrix, certainty matrix or the two can only generate once, if or generate once more then do not change.In addition, can a period of time (for example several seconds) afterwards, regenerate these matrixes.Equally, can when using these matrixes, regenerate these matrixes at every turn.In arbitrary situation, the detector that comprises solver in the base station 102,202,302,602,702,802 and 1302 can be known the rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") of subscriber equipment 706 uses and the sensing matrix (" Φ ") that sampler uses.This area this spectral technology personnel will recognize, this does not mean that the base station must provide said matrix.On the other hand; For example, subscriber equipment 106,206,306,606,706,806 and 1100 and base station 102,202,302,602,702,802 and 1302 can change rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") according to pseudo noise (" the pn ") function of for example system time.Similarly; For example, transducer 110 to 113,210 to 213,310,610,710,810,1200 and 1310 and base station 102,202,302,602,702,802 and 1302 can change sensing matrix (" Φ ") according to pseudo noise (" the pn ") function of for example system time.

Figure 14 illustration in sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper, detect the simulation result of an embodiment of subscriber equipment; Wherein, Use N=10, M=5, S=1 or 2 and random matrix come the performance of measuring system 800.The integral body of graphical illustration is known as 1400.The logarithm amplitude of signal to noise ratio (" SNR ") illustrates on abscissa 1401, and has been drawn the scope from 0 decibel (" dB ") to 25dB.Detection probability (" Pr (detection) ") is shown in the ordinate 1402, and quilt has been drawn from the scope of zero (corresponding to zero probability) to (corresponding to hundred-percent probability).The simulation result of Figure 140 3,1404 and 1405 expression systems 800, wherein, N is 10, and M is 5, and S is 1 or 2, and uses at random iid Gauss value to fill rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") and sensing matrix (" Φ ").Figure 140 3 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), detects a nonzero term, and wherein S is 1.Figure 140 4 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), detects a nonzero term, and wherein S is 2.Figure 140 5 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), detects two nonzero terms, and wherein S is 2.

Figure 15 illustration the simulation result of performance of an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper; Wherein, Use N=20, M=10, S=1 or 2 and random matrix come the performance of measuring system 800.The integral body of graphical illustration is known as 1500.The logarithm amplitude of SNR ratio illustrates on abscissa 1501, and has been drawn the scope from 0dB to 25dB.Detection probability (" Pr (detection) ") is shown in the ordinate 1502, and quilt has been drawn from the scope of zero (corresponding to zero probability) to (corresponding to hundred-percent probability).The simulation result of Figure 150 3,1504,1505,1506 and 1507 expression systems 800, wherein, N is 20, and M is 10, and S is 1 or 2, and uses at random iid Gauss value to fill rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") and sensing matrix (" Φ ").Figure 150 3 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), detects a nonzero term, and wherein S is 1.Figure 150 4 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), correctly detects two nonzero terms, and wherein S is 2.Figure 150 5 shows in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x ") and correctly detects the probability that does not have nonzero term, and wherein S is 1.Figure 150 6 shows in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x ") and correctly detects the probability that does not have nonzero term, and wherein S is 2.Figure 150 7 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), correctly detects a nonzero term, and wherein S is 2.

Figure 16 illustration the simulation result of performance of an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper; Wherein, Use N=10, M=3, S=1 and certainty or random matrix come the performance of measuring system 800.The integral body of graphical illustration is known as 1600.The logarithm amplitude of SNR ratio illustrates on abscissa 1601, and has been drawn the scope from 0dB to 25dB.Detection probability (" Pr (detection) ") is shown in the ordinate 1602, and quilt has been drawn from the scope of zero (corresponding to zero probability) to (corresponding to hundred-percent probability).The simulation result of Figure 160 3,1604,1605,1606 and 1607 expression systems 800, wherein, N is 20, and M is 10, and S is 1 or 2, and deterministic value is used for rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") and sensing matrix (" Φ ").Figure 160 3 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), correctly detects a nonzero term, and wherein S is 1.Figure 160 4 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), correctly detects two nonzero terms, and wherein S is 2.Figure 160 5 shows in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x ") and correctly detects the probability that does not have nonzero term, and wherein S is 1.Figure 160 6 shows in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x ") and correctly detects the probability that does not have nonzero term, and wherein S is 2.Figure 160 7 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), correctly detects a nonzero term, and wherein S is 2.

Figure 17 illustration the simulation result of performance of an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper; Wherein, Use N=10, M=3, S=1 and at random or the certainty matrix come the performance of measuring system 800.The integral body of graphical illustration is known as 1700.The logarithm amplitude of SNR ratio illustrates on abscissa 1701, and has been drawn the scope from 0dB to 45dB.Detection probability (" Pr (detection) ") is shown in the ordinate 1702, and quilt has been drawn from the scope of zero (corresponding to zero probability) to (corresponding to hundred-percent probability).The simulation result of Figure 170 3,1704,1705 and 1706 expression systems 800, wherein, N is 10, and M is 3, and S is 1.Figure 170 3 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), correctly detects a nonzero term, wherein uses the certainty matrix.Figure 170 4 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), correctly detects a nonzero term, wherein uses iid gaussian random matrix.Figure 170 5 shows in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x ") and correctly detects the probability that does not have nonzero term, wherein uses iid gaussian random matrix.Figure 170 6 shows in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x ") and correctly detects the probability that does not have nonzero term, wherein uses the certainty matrix.

Figure 18 shows the simulation result according to the performance of an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of this paper elaboration, wherein, uses N=10, M=5, and S=2 and random matrix come the performance of measuring system 800.In addition, send information signal (" x ") before, change rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") and sensing matrix (" Φ ") each.The integral body of graphical illustration is known as 1800.The logarithm amplitude of SNR ratio illustrates on abscissa 1801, and has been drawn the scope from 0dB to 50dB.Detection probability (" Pr (detection) ") is shown in the ordinate 1802, and quilt has been drawn from the scope of zero (corresponding to zero probability) to (corresponding to hundred-percent probability).The simulation result of Figure 180 3,1804,1805 and 1806 expression systems 800, wherein, N is 10; M is 5; S is 2, and iid Gauss matrix is used for rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") and sensing matrix (" Φ ") at random, and before each the transmission, regenerates said random matrix.Figure 180 3 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), detects two nonzero terms.Figure 180 4 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), detects two nonzero terms, wherein any two sense waveform (" φ of sensing matrix (" Φ ") _j") irrelevant basically.Figure 180 5 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), detects a nonzero term, wherein any two sense waveform (" φ of sensing matrix (" Φ ") _j") irrelevant basically.Especially, Figure 180 4 and 1805 representes that also any two in refusal sensing matrix (" Φ ") have the correlation amplitude greater than 0.1 sense waveform (" φ _j") effect.Figure 180 6 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), detects a nonzero term.

Figure 19 illustration the simulation result of performance of an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of use compression sampling of the various aspects set forth according to this paper; Wherein, use N=10, M=3; S=1, the test of random matrix and various numbers comes the performance of measuring system 800.In addition, send information signal (" x ") before, change rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") and sensing matrix (" Φ ") each.The integral body of graphical illustration is known as 1900.The logarithm amplitude of SNR ratio illustrates on abscissa 1901, and has been drawn the scope from 0dB to 50dB.Detection probability (" Pr (detection) ") is shown in the ordinate 1902, and quilt has been drawn from the scope of zero (corresponding to zero probability) to (corresponding to hundred-percent probability).The simulation result of Figure 190 3,1904,1905,1906 and 1907 expression systems 800, wherein, N is 10; M is 3; S is 1, and iid Gauss matrix is used for rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") and sensing matrix (" Φ ") at random, and before each the transmission, regenerates said random matrix.Figure 190 3 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), detects a nonzero term, wherein any two sense waveform (" φ of sensing matrix (" Φ ") _j") irrelevant basically, and carried out 200 tests.Especially, Figure 190 3 representes that also any two in refusal sensing matrix (" Φ ") have the correlation amplitude greater than 0.1 sense waveform (" φ _j") effect.Figure 190 4 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), correctly detects a nonzero term, has wherein carried out 200 tests.Figure 190 5 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), correctly detects a nonzero term, wherein carries out 4,000 tests.Figure 190 6 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), correctly detects a nonzero term, wherein carries out 1,000 tests.Figure 190 7 shows the probability that in the quantitative estimation of information signal (" x "), correctly detects a nonzero term, wherein carries out 2,000 tests.

Figure 20 is the example of the certainty matrix that in an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper, uses.The example of certainty matrix is referred to as does 2000.Matrix 2001 and the 2002 expression certainty matrixes that can in system 100,200,300,400,600 and 800, use, wherein N be 10 and M be 5.Matrix 2001 can be represented the conversion of sensing matrix (" Φ ").Matrix 2002 can be represented rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ").

Figure 21 is the example of the random matrix that in an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of setting forth according to this paper, uses.The example of random matrix is referred to as does 2100.Matrix 2101 and the 2102 expression random matrixes that can in system 100,200,300,400,600 and 800, use, wherein N be 10 and M be 5.Matrix 2101 can be represented the conversion of sensing matrix (" Φ ").Matrix 2102 can be represented rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ").

Figure 22 shows a kind of different sample mode.This figure is based on [CW08].Sampler among Figure 22 is the set Φ of sense waveform.If f is sparse, then restoring signal x under the situation of error can not had.If in expression f=Ψ x, x only has S nonzero term (referring to [CW08, the 23rd page]), then the N dimensional signal is that S is sparse.The expression parameter is the parameter of characteristic that is used for characterizing the variable of expression formula f=Ψ x.These parameters comprise the number (being S) of nonzero term among value and the x of line number (being N) among the Ψ, the element among the Ψ.By new operation " sensing " and " finding the solution " substituted " sampling " and " recovery " step in Figure 22.

Step 1, sensing

Make $J\&Subset;\{1,...,N\}---\left(4\right)$

Step 2, find the solution

Satisfy

$\&ForAll;k\&Element;J---\left(5\right)$

Equality (1) and (2) are from [CW08, equality 4 and 5].In equality (1), inner product represented in bracket < >, is also referred to as correlation.By The l of indication ₁Norm is the absolute value sum of the element of its independent variable.

In order to use the least possible sense waveform, the coherence between the vector that is used for sensing that the vector sum of basic matrix Ψ takes out from Φ must low [CW08, equality 3 and 6].Coherence μ is provided by following equality:

$\mathrm{\&mu;}(\mathrm{\&Phi;},\mathrm{\&Psi;})=\sqrt{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="N\; max"\; filenames="HDA0000120540290000161.png,HDA0000120540290000191.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">N</figure-callout>}}{\max }_{}{}_{1\&le;k,j\&le;N}{\left|\right|<{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k,{\mathrm{\&psi;}}_j>\left|\right|}_{l_1}---\left(6\right)$

The incoherent method of sampling (than [CW08]) that is used to design sampling system is:

1, to the f modeling, and find Ψ, in Ψ, f is that S is sparse.

2, the incoherent Φ of selection and Ψ.

3, select the M row of Φ randomly, wherein M＞S.

4, use selected

vector that f is sampled, to produce y.

5, Ψ, Φ and y are passed to l ₁Minimize device, and recover x.

Can be applied to l ₁Minimized a kind of method is simplex accelerated process [LY08].

Embodiments of the invention shown in Figure 23 comprise the low-power receiver.Can realize the RF part of said low-power receiver like what instructed in [ESY05, KJR+06].This figure representes multiple access system 2300.The multiple access access scheme that can in native system, use comprises the TD/DMA [Cas04,23-45 page or leaf, 109] and the OFDM access scheme [AAN08] of FDMA, TDMA, DS-CDMA, use FDD and tdd mode.Said system comprises subscriber equipment or UE 2206 and foundation structure 2210.UE 2206 comprises mobile radio station, is equipped with the laptop computer and the smart phone of cellular radio.Foundation structure 2210 comprises in the cellular system not being the part of UE, such as long-range sampler 2212, base station 2216, central brain and DL iron tower 2222.Long-range sampler 2212 comprises by the equipment that constitutes with the lower part: antenna, downconverting RF parts, associated components, be used in backhaul receiving instruction controller or state machine, be used for the memory of stored configuration and be used for going up the optical transmitter of sending correlated results or value to base station 2216 at optical fiber (backhaul).Each base station 2216 generally will be by presenting more than a long-range sampler 2212.Can in use entreat in the system of brain notion, or in the system that does not use central brain notion, dispose long-range sampler 2212.

Conversion comprises with certain other forms that are fit to send or calculate representes to import waveform.Example be shift signal frequency (down-conversion), change to digital form (A to D changes) from analog form.

Central authorities' brain is the high power infrastructure component, and it can carry out calculating with very high speed with acceptable cost.Central authorities' brain comprise can with the infrastructure component of base station high-speed traffic, thereby make and can carry out a lot of physical layer computational activity at central brain place.The controlled in wireless of carrying out via base station and DL iron tower is not slowly to making that it is infeasible overcoming the communication failure that is associated with channel fading speed.Central authorities' brain can be identical computer or infrastructure component physically with the base station.Base station transmitter is positioned at DL (down link) iron tower 2222 places, and the DL iron tower comprises conventional honeycomb iron tower, is installed in the low-power unit in cellular transmitter, auroral poles or the office on the building.

Down link DL 2220 is the information-bearing RF energy stream of from foundation structure to the subscriber equipment (being UE).This comprises the wireless signal that is received by the wireless signal of DL iron tower 2222 transmissions and UE 2206.

Decline comprises can how flicking from a lot of reflectors wireless signal, and resulting reflection and the description of attribute.More information to relevant with decline sees also [BB99, the 13rd chapter].

Environmental parameter comprises: the distance from UE to long-range sampler, the distance from UE to the DL iron tower, in SNR and any co-channel signal that appears and any decline of any interested long-range sampler.

In cellular system, there are some kinds of accesses.When UE hopes to arrive foundation structure, but when foundation structure does not know that this UE exists, Aloha takes place insert at random.To UE give using system permission and distributed UL and DL channel after, the generation bidirectional data exchange.More discussion the to inserting sees also [Cas04, the 119th page] more.

" channel " comprise by time, frequency, code and/or spatial constraints parameterized waveform of being permitted.Example will be the specific T DMA time slot in the particular cell sectors in the gsm system.On channel, send and be used to keep required user data and/or the signaling information of honeycomb connection.

Term " base station " generally is used to comprise the description to entity; This entity receives the signal of bearing optical fiber from long-range sampler; 11 solvers and quantizer are provided; And the detected message of quantizer is discerned in operation (that is, operation computer software) intelligently, thus use DL to carry out and UE between the agreement exchange.The base station is created on DL and goes up the Overhead Message that sends.The base station is the part of the central brain notion of RIM (2012244 Ontario Inc.) establishment on function." solver " comprises the equipment that uses 11 distance metrics.This distance is measured as the absolute value sum of the difference on each dimension.For example, the distance between (1.0,1.5,0.75) and (0,2.0,0.5) is | 1-0|+|1.5-2.0|+|0.75-0.5|=1.75." quantizer " comprises and is used for following apparatus operating, and this equipment is accepted the estimation as input, and one of produces in the finite aggregate of information symbol or word as output

Base station receiver, solver, quantizer and controller are among the figure point place that is known as " base station " 2216.Base station 2216 and DL iron tower 2222 place that can coexist, and in any event, they are linked to each other fully is used for the purpose of signaling.Up link 2224 is 2210 information-bearing RF energy stream from UE 2206 to foundation structure.This comprises wireless signal that UE 2206 sends and that received by one or more long-range samplers 2212.

Cellular system provides multiple access to insert to a lot of mobile subscribers, is used for real time bidirectional communication.The example of these systems is GSM, IS-95, UMTS and UMTS-Wi-Fi [Cas04, the 559th page].

Mixed type is grand/and the microcellulor network comprises to the large-scale sub-district of the vehicles with to pedestrian's small cell [Cas04, the 45th page].For the general points of view of cellular system design, GSM or WCDMA system are suitable frames of reference.That is, they have showed the layout of mobile radio station (UE), base station, base station controller or the like.In these systems; The phase place that depends on the communication between UE and the foundation structure; Use various signaling systems, such as access at random, paging, resource allocation (channel allocation), expense signaling (regularly, navigation system id, be permitted for the channel of access), switch training or pilot signal and stable state communication (voice or data, grouping or circuit) on message, up link or the down link.

In [CG91], appeared and presented unsampled analog signal to the base station via optical fiber.In Chu, one type transducer is additional to antenna, and to the optical fiber feed.Transducer in [CG91] is not to the RF signal sampling, and it only uses the simulated laser transmitter that conversion of signals is optical energy.A part of novelty of this invention be from remote antenna be sent to the base station value number and attribute and how to control number and attribute.

Usually in the context of harmless sampling, consider Figure 24.If be directed against | f|＞fmax, the power spectrum of signal A (f) are zero, then can be based on representing time-domain signal a (t) [Pro83, the 71st page] with the discrete sampling of speed 2fmax sampling.In this general scene, the unique thing about A (f) that sampler is known is that A (f) is zero on fmax.

For sampler being locked onto in the wireless system of spreading rate, in general, harmless sampling will once be sampled by each chip and constituted.To N chip waveform (it is included in the frame of N discrete sequential time point place definition), this will mean N sampling of each chip-level code word.This frame possibly be the frame that is ready to be transformed into the passband that is used to send, and perhaps it possibly only be the frame with Boolean, real number value, complex values in computing equipment or the memory.In one embodiment of the invention, utilize M value to come sensing N chip waveform, wherein, M＜N." frame " comprises the set of the time sampling that order is caught.The set of boolean's (or real number or plural number) value that frame also can description produces in proper order.

" noise " comprises additive signal, its information distortion of searching that this additive signal makes that receiver watches.The source can be that thermal noise or it at receiver antenna place can be that perhaps it can be from other sources from cochannel wireless signals that do not expect or other expectation sources.In [BB99, the 2.6th chapter], discussed the basic theories of detection signal in noise.

" performance " comprises the expection operation according to the designer, and how wireless system work gets.For example, the designer possibly hope that when UE powers on and discern overhead signal, UE will send the message to base station alarm.The performance that this signal is detected in the base station comprises that the base station will discern the probability of the single transmission of this message.Said performance changes according to system parameters and environmental factor." system parameters " comprises number and the degree of rarefication of the message that is sent out of length, the sense waveform of message frame.

Up link is the information-bearing RF energy stream from UE to foundation structure.This comprises UE transmission and the wireless signal that is received by one or more long-range samplers.Irrelevant sampling comprises a kind of compression sampling of type, and it depends on and the incoherent sense waveform of basic matrix Ψ (row of Φ), and in basic matrix Ψ, input signal is sparse.This report discloses simple sampling and low-rate data sends, and to save the power of battery at long-range sampler place, sees also Figure 25.Compression sampling comprises a kind of technology, in this technology, utilizes the specific properties " degree of rarefication " of input signal to reduce and is used for the number that reliable expression signal (in statistical meaning) does not lose the desirable value of information needed simultaneously.Below be some general points relevant with this creativeness framework.

Even 1 sampler quits work, the integral honeycomb system also continues with complete capability operation.

2, in building/urban environment, long-range sampler extensively distributes with interval 30 to 300m.

3, the base station is not subject to its computing capability.

4, by conventional sub-district iron tower the cellular system down link is provided, does not have uncommon RF Power Limitation simultaneously.

5, will save the UE battery, target effective load data transmission power level is 10 to 100 microwatts.

6, through optical fiber any given long-range sampler is linked to each other with the base station.An alternative of disposing to selected sampler will be a coaxial cable.

7, if possible, long-range sampler should be operated with the power of battery.(in the U.S. is 110V, 60Hz) is another kind of possibility to use line power.

According to the total system characteristic, we infer the following characteristic of long-range sampler.

1, long-range sampler is dirt cheap, and almost is droppable.

2, long-range sampler battery must continue 1-2.

3, long-range sampler power budget will not allow to carry out receiver detection/demodulation/decoding algorithm.

4, long-range sampler will have the RF down-conversion chain, and some schemes that are used for sending to the base station digital sample.

5, long-range sampler will not have identification UE when send the computer intelligence of signaling.

6, long-range sampler can the reception instruction relevant with sampling with down-conversion from the base station.

The example of modulation scheme is QAM and PSK and differential variation [Pro83, the 164th, 188 page], coded modulation [BB99, the 12nd chapter].

According to these characteristics, produce these design rules:

Rule A: all optional calculation tasks are shifted onto on the base station from sampler.

Rule B: the minimum rank that the transmission rate of sampler on optical fiber is reduced to the no-float systematic function.

Rule C: strive for the balance between total system effect and sampler battery save.

Rule D: let sampler change robust, do not download and rely on CPU for the physical layer of evolution.

According to above-mentioned design rule, we obtain the design of drawing roughly in Figure 23 and 25.In this report, we are absorbed in following problem: before Unidentified UE (subscriber equipment or mobile radio station) when existing, to base station alarm.Except we be untreated herein power control or disturb, this situation is similar to of in [LKL+08, " situation 1 "], describing and inserts scene.The scheme that has well-known these problems of control.Sampler is operated with the system clock that locks onto the base station and provided.

Illustration to the message of in the cellular system access events that this report paid close attention to, sending sees also Figure 26.An illustrative case of UE 2206 transmission existence signals 2314 that Figure 26 has been an illustration.In the figure, UE 2206 powers on, and observes overhead signal 2312, and begins to send existence alarm signal 2314.Term " existence signal " comprise by UE 2206 be sent to the base station can be by any signal of the incoherent sampling of sense waveform." sense waveform " comprises the row among the sensing matrix Φ, and these row are associated to obtain correlation with the frame of input.Said correlation is known as y _i, wherein i is the row of the Φ of use when relevant.Usually, whenever UE 2206 confirms it near current sub-districts of not knowing UE 2206 through Overhead 2312, UE2206 always can use existence alarm signal 2314.Long-range sampler 2212 sends sensing continuously and measures y, only if M=0.

Sensor parameter is the parameter that is used for the characteristic of expression variable.Send expense 2312 continuously.Expection existence alarm signal 2314 with situation about being identified under, send existence alarm signal 2314.UE and base station exchange messages in the following manner: UL is that UE 2206 is to long-range sampler 2212.Long-range sampler 2212 is sensing continuously, and does not detect, and sends sensing through base station on the optical fiber 2216 and measure y.DL is a base station iron tower 2222 to UE2206, and for example, message 2318 indications are when sending existence signal 2314, and UE uses degree of rarefication S ₂Sparse signal comprises can be through being listed as the N chip waveform that summation is created from S of NxN matrix.The key property of this signal is the value of S, i.e. degree of rarefication.For the non-trivial signal, the scope of S from 1 to N.Show the instruction 2316 of the value that changes long-range sampler 2212 employed M.Indication is a kind of mode of indicating the particular value of the particular variables that will use to UE transmission message or to long-range sampler.This figure is intended to accurately illustrate how many bar message of transmission.

UE also goes up via the overhead transmission from the base station at down link (DL), the access system clock.Long-range sampler observation is the wireless energy bandwidth B at center with certain frequency f c.In general, long-range sampler is not treated B as its only information, thus its to the base station speed to be provided through optical fiber really be the sampling of 2B.On the contrary, sampler obtains N sampling of said N chip waveform, and calculates M correlation.Through optical fiber a resulting M value is sent to the base station.If sampler does not have the chip timings locking, then it can obtain 2N sampling in half chip timings, and calculates 2M correlation.The sampling that is sent to the base station reduces to 2M from the 2N of conventional scheme.

Sampler can calculate sensing and measure y through relevant with the independent Φ matrix column of selecting.Sensor parameter is the parameter that is used for being illustrated in received signal g and the characteristic of the relevant variable of Φ matrix column.These parameters comprise: the number (being N) of the value of the element among the number of the element among the y (being M), the Φ and the chip samples that g representes.To the selection of employed Φ matrix column is to depend on the estimation to S except the selection to the value of M itself, under the situation of the knowledge of any information that need not x, carries out.Therefore, use which row of Φ irrelevant, but the number of the row of employed Ψ depend on the estimation to the attribute of f with Ψ.Perhaps, can as among Figure 26 shown in the time t17, send the degree of rarefication of control f by DL.

The necessary condition of locating successfully to detect x in the base station is must the value of the employed M of long-range sampler be chosen as greater than S.Can overcome the knowledge that lacks S through guessing at the place, base station and adjusting afterwards.For example, M can begin from the maximum of N, and along with the activity grade of frequency range B is understood in the base station, and M can move to less but abundant big value still.In this manner, can let power consumption (when calculating correlation y and all) maintenance at long-range sampler place low through the power consumption of optical fiber when send the base station.The base station can periodically increase M (via the instruction of going to long-range sampler), to assess the degree of rarefication of the signal among the frequency range B up hill and dale.Sampler can be instructed in the base station, and which row it should use, or sampler can select row according to scheduling, or sampler can be selected to be listed as randomly and notify its selection to the base station.

Detection comprises to be operated with the closest approach in the planisphere that obtains limited size estimated value.Planisphere comprises set a little.For example, if each point in this planisphere all with vectorial unique being associated that comprises N, and each to the greatest extent can value 0 or 1 (common, vector entries can be Boolean, real number or plural number), then has the individual or point still less of 2N in this planisphere.

After powering on, UE 2206 hopes to let system know its existence.For this reason, UE sends existence alarm signal 2314.This existence alarm signal is through selecting row in the Ψ matrix and the information signal that its summation is constructed.Can receive the influence of base station overhead signal to the selection of row.For example, the subclass of the Ψ row that will therefrom select can be specified in the base station.

The base station can require still unrecognized UE to send a particular column via DL Overhead Message 2312, is called Ψ ⁰This will serve as pilot tone.Long-range sampler 2212 will be operated according to incoherent sampling, and send sampling y to base station 2216.This signal will be handled subsequently in base station 2216, and detect Ψ ⁰Existence, estimate the multiple fading channel gain between previous Unidentified UE and the long-range sampler

For example Ψ has been sent in indication then ⁰Any UE begin to send latter two bit among their ESN (Electronic Serial Number, globally unique moving station mark symbol)." sampling " comprises that be the discrete series (periodicity or aperiodicity) corresponding to the input of discrete time point with signal from the signal change that each all has value constantly.

If clash between the transmission from two different mobile radio stations, then can use up link (UL) standard A loha random back (back-off) technology to separate follow-up UL and attempt.

Long-range sampler 2212 is not known this agreement progress, and utilizes the row among the Φ to keep sensing simply, and sends sampling y to base station 2216.Base station 2216 can indicate long-range sampler 2212 to use the individual sensing row of specific quantity (M).This quantity can along with base station expects from more or less information flow of UE and change.Increase if base station expects has the S of maximum N, then the base station will indicate long-range sampler to increase M (maximum that M can get is N).For example, in Figure 26, identification message can comprise the new value S of the S that UE will use ₃, and the base station can dispose the bigger value that long-range sampler uses M simultaneously, is known as M in the drawings ₃In the figure, these incidents occur in time t ₁₃, t ₁₅And t ₁₆At t ₁₇, the base station expectation has degree of rarefication S ₃Message, and expectation might (particularly, this value be called M herein with suitable M value ₃) sense this message.Illustration sequence of events, but this sequential does not mean that it is accurate.Be increased at M under the situation of the limit, if Φ be certainty (for example, sine) and be plural, then when M gets limiting value N, the Φ in the long-range sampler becomes DFT operation (might be implemented as the discrete Fourier transform of FFT).Continue the description under this scene, in case the base station has had the part of the ESN of all UE that attempt connecting system, then the base station can utilize specific part ESN, tells particular UE its complete ESN of transmission and hopes requested resource.Perhaps, the base station can be qualified in this system the time at definite UE, Resources allocation.

Long-range sampler/centrencephalic system carries out the information signaling in noisy environment, and does not almost have intelligency activity at long-range sampler place.This system has the benefit of feeding back via conventional DL.Link budget be included in consider the RF energy source and before receiver is attempted restoring signal, caused the wireless system design under the lossy situation.For more details, see also [Cas04,39-45 page or leaf, the 381st page].Our initial link circuit budget is calculated and illustrated: if can realize reuse factor 3, and realize 0 to 10dB reception SNR, then UE can operate with the transmitted power of 10 to 100 microwatts on 20 to 30m scope.These numerals are the quantity of " magnitude " type, and do not have significant digit.For the detection of existence signal, more than a sampler can receive the f of noisy different editions usually, and can carry out joint-detection.This will allow M lower under the situation of the visible f in a long-range sampler place only at each sampler place ratio.Therefore, through disposing sampler, can reduce the battery consumption of each sampler with compact mode.In brief, sometimes the noisy version of f is called g.

" reuse " and be included in model identical before taking place once more on the geography, wireless bandwidth resource has been carried out the non-overlapped deployment of how many times.

For worst case design, we suppose that the signal from UE only is mapped on (imping on) long-range sampler.Usually, for indoor transmission, we expect two long-range samplers in the 30m scope, and path loss index is between 2 and 3.This design is not subject to indoor transmission.Outdoor, scope is bigger, but the path loss indication will be tended to littler.For the detection of success, the probability that detects the signal transmission should be higher than 10% (assumption error mechanism is that noise causes, and therefore the detection trial will be independently).Can in macrocell, dispose long-range sampler supporting vehicle-mounted business, and in Microcell, dispose long-range sampler to support pedestrian or office's indoor communications professional.

Come concrete example, we have designed following scene so.

1, channel is static (not having decline).

2, noise is AWGN.

3, UE, long-range sampler and base station all are locked into the clock of timing, frequency or phase error with any kind.Can handle fault [BB99, the 5.8th chapter, the 9th chapter] with standard mode such as these.

4, there is a UE.

5, incoherent sampling plan uses at random to (Ψ _r, Φ _r) or certainty to (Ψ _d, Φ _d), in arbitrary situation, solver is known all information except signal x, f and noise.

6, the base station has indicated sampler to use the specific collection of M the row of Φ.

7, the base station is made up of N interval or chip to UE and sampler indication transmission waveform.

Figure 27 is the diagram according to an embodiment of the long-range sampler/central brain cellular architecture of the various aspects of this paper elaboration.Said information is x 3240.F 3242 is that S is sparse, and like other local discussion of this paper, S has been estimated in the base station.The input of long-range sampler 3212 is noisy versions of f, and it is known as g 3244 here sometimes.Long-range sampler 3212 calculates M correlation between the row of selecting in advance among g 3244 and the Φ, produces Mx1 vector y 3215 (equality 1).Y 3215 is passed to base station 3216 downwards via optical fiber.

" estimation " is the statistics term; It comprises that trial selects numerical value

in a sense, from the true value of x, to select from the finite aggregate (such as real number) that shows minimum range.The method of measurement of the minimum range of often using is mean square deviation (MSE).A lot of estimators are designed to minimize MSE; Promptly expectation

is at [Pro83; Chapter 1] contained the statistics computing in, such as expectation.In the reality, often use fixed-point value to represent the numerical value of estimator output.

For real number, correlation or the inner product between g and

is calculated as

k the element of g (k) expression g wherein.

For plural number, correlation will be Wherein, g ^*Represent complex conjugate.

12 norms of signal g are

to the expression formula of real number is identical, and complex conjugate is inoperative in this case.

Base station 3216 at first produces the estimation of x; Be known as

3246, produce the hard decision that is known as

3248 then.Through forming linear programming (linear program), use the simplex accelerating algorithm to find the solution then, produce and estimate 3246.Algorithm is explored and is produced vectorial y ^*The Nx1 vector x ^*The border of area of feasible solutions of realization.Search does not rely on degree of rarefication.Because signal is sparse, therefore 11 minimize and work, act on need not to attempt to utilize under the situation of degree of rarefication but minimize device.

Therefore, x ^*N all be non-zero usually.To produce and satisfy y ^*The y of=y ^*And have least absolute value and x ^*Be elected to be

(equality 5).

is not equal to x usually, therefore carry out hard decision with find by S 1 and N-S 0 that constitute with

immediate vector

Linear programming comprises the set of equality and possible inequality.Variable only occurs with linear forms.For example; If x1 and x2 are variablees, then the variable of form

does not occur.

The probability that this quantification identifies the one or more correct nonzero term among the x is that emulation is designed the probability of determining.There are a variety of definition of " the most approaching ".We confirm as follows

quantizer 3230 at first the element to carry out the arithmetic ordering, and keep the index (for example+1.5 greater than-2.1) of S element of beginning.Secondly, quantizer all with

are set to logical zero.The 3rd, those elements of the index of the index that having in the quantizer

equals to be kept are set to logical one.This result is the output of quantizer.

Quantizer 3230 obtains S according to variety of way.Example will be omniscient smart (all-knowing genie) (being used for limiting performance confirms); Or the fixedly value of the mobile radio station S that will use of DL has been used in the base station; Or the base station is through attempting different values (via the instruction of going to long-range sampler) and confirm the degree of rarefication of f during certain grand time period (for example 1-2 second), periodically " scanning " S.Because UE will repeatedly attempt, so the base station has an opportunity to identify (miss-estimate) missed in the estimation of S, and indicate long-range sampler to reduce or increase the value of the S of its use.Under the situation of the abundant low duty ratio relevant, with the power save aspect that keeps detection technology with scanning S.In this manner, the movable degree of rarefication that is mapped to the signal on this long-range sampler of following the tracks of of the sensing of long-range sampler.Therefore, long-range sampler always in sampling, still only has the battery consumption of enough confession system operations, and does not produce the battery consumption that enough supplies the battery consumption of system operation considerably beyond this usually.Particularly, to long-time section that does not have UE, long-range sampler is not sampled with full Nyquist speed.

y ^*It is symbol from [CW08, the 24th page].

is not the symbol from [CW08], because this quotes the signal of not handling by noise corrupted.General

and

symbol that in industrial quarters, is used to estimate and detect output; And can be at for example [Pro83; The 364th page, Fig. 6 .4.4 " Adaptive zero-forcing equalizer "] in see these symbols.

Figure 27 shows functor (functional piece) and the signal in Computer Simulation.Specified the attribute of employed matrix in the table 1.Said row are normalized to unit length.See also the example of these matrixes in Figure 20 and 21.

Table 1: the attribute of matrix

The certainty matrix only generates once, and if generate once more and will not change.Random matrix can only generate once, perhaps can after a period of time (such as several seconds), regenerate random matrix.In addition, can in the time random matrix will being used, regenerate random matrix at every turn.In arbitrary situation, solver 3228 must know UE 3206 uses what Ψ matrix and sampler 3212 to use what Φ matrix at any time.This does not mean that solver 3228 must stipulate what matrix (dictate) uses.If UE changes Ψ according to pseudorandom (" the pn ") function of system time (via the time of DL expense acquisition), then solver 3228 can use identical pn function maker to find what Ψ is.Only if Stated otherwise, the probability that in this report, provides are to once to generate random matrix and this random matrix be the situation of fixing for all SNR and the test at these SNR places.

Emulation is restricted to real number, so that exploitation easily, is the restriction of real number but do not have the application limitations with them in the scheme that appears herein.Can identical structure piece technology (such as correlation and linear programming) be applied to utilize usually on the plural system for modeling.This is genuine, because can any plural a+jb be written as full real number 2x2 matrix, and wherein first behavior [a-b], second behavior [b a].

Can on scalar or matrix level, accomplish above-mentioned.Therefore, any set of complex numbers of equality can be rewritten as full set of real numbers.

?SNR(dB)	S	Pr{ always misses }	Pr{j=1 hits }	Pr{j=2 hits }
					?0	1	0.67	0.32	n/a
?10	1	0.29	0.71	n/a
					?20	1	0.12	0.87	n/a
?0	2	0.44	0.46	0.09
					?10	2	0.22	0.47	0.30
?20	2	0.16	0.28	0.55

Table 2: at M=5, N=10, AWGN has the detector performance under the situation of Ψ and Φ of iid Gauss item.Referring to Figure 27.

In these emulation, the performance that we seek be surpass about 10% those.Generate because only chance event is noise, signal and matrix, therefore do not need the test of big quantity.In most of the cases, use 100 or 200 tests of each point to collect data point.In about 0.5% test; Our 11 solvers are implemented in it should under existing situation of separating, withdraw from the time, attempt continuing to optimize

and reject these few tests.Even it is comprised as success or failure, also will be ND to result's influence, any because we are seeking greater than 10% performance.

In Figure 14, draw the data in the table 3.S is the number of the nonzero term among the x, and in Figure 14, is known as " pulse ".Incident " j=1 hits " means that detector just correctly detects a nonzero term in x.Under the situation of S=1, this is the optimal cases that detector can be accomplished.Incident " j=2 hits " means that detector just correctly detects two nonzero terms in x.

I have also done at M=3, the emulation under the situation of N=10 and S=1 (seeing also Figure 17 of following discussion).

?SNR(dB)	S	Pr{ always misses }	Pr{j=1 hits }	Pr{j=2 hits }
					?0	1	0.64	0.36	n/a
?10	1	0.13	0.87	n/a

20	1	0.03	0.97	n/a
					0	2	0.42	0.49	0.09
10	2	0.13	0.40	0.47
					20	2	0.07	0.19	0.74

Table 3: at M=5, N=10, AWGN has the detector performance under the situation of Ψ and Φ of certainty item.

Figure 15,16 and 17 has provided the detection performance to the various combinations of M, N, S, SNR and matrix attribute.In each of these figure, j be by 11 minimize device and quantizer combination the number (Figure 25) of the nonzero term among the correct x that confirms.

For system design, important probability is detector obtains message entirely truely in once observing a probability.Suppose that system uses repeatedly transmission, with regard to uncontrolled effect (like noise), sending each time will be independently.In this case, the probability that in sending for C time or still less time sending, detects the existence signal is 1-Pr (missing) C.Can be defined as incident j=0 or incident j＜S with missing.When S=1 and use random matrix, incident j=S takes place at the probability that the SNR that is lower than 0dB sentences greater than 10%, and the probability of sentencing greater than 10% at SNR and the S=2 of about 3dB takes place.Shown in figure 15,90% point respectively about 12 with the 17dB place.Shown in figure 16, for certainty matrix and S=1, performance is better.

In order to see that how detector will work when degree of rarefication condition (M＞＞S is non-true) is weak, we use S=1 and M=3, generate data shown in figure 17.Can both detect at low SNR place with the certainty configuration at random, but random arrangement is saturated near 70%, rather than arrives 90% point.With M=5, that the contrast of N=10, the performance of random arrangement are wanted is a little bit poorer (for example, at SNR=10dB place, Pr{ detects }=0.55, the while, this probability was 0.71 for M=5).In Figure 17, at high SNR place, to determinacy case, probability is near 1.

Therefore, we see under the situation that M and SNR increase, and we are near reaching the 100% reliable Candes noiseless result who accurately recovers.Yet; For low M and noisy signal; Solver produces

the important quantization characteristic that is not equal to x sometimes: for the certainty configuration, deterioration is gradually.Only if M＞＞S, otherwise, have the threshold effect in the noise for random arrangement.In Figure 17, M=3S, and in every other figure, when S=1, M >=5S.

The uncommon characteristic of the incoherent method of sampling is an incoherence.Most of detectors seek to attempt a lot of candidate's waveforms, to check which waveform and the Waveform Matching that is received, use " selecting maximum " function of certain type to confirm the identity or the index of the waveform that sends then.Local replica is the identity waveform identical with the identity of the waveform that is sent that is had.In incoherent sampling, unique requirement is that Ψ is weak relevant at most with Φ.This means various sensing matrix (Φ _S) can be used for any Ψ.For random case, we explore the effect that when each the transmission, changes two matrixes.The result of this situation has been shown in Figure 18 and 19.In view of the above, we notice some variations on the performance, even at high SNR place.We confirm following guess: this has poor auto-correlation attribute " bad " matrix owing to having generated.High correlation in any matrix estimated capacity that will weaken; Because for Ψ; It is used for minimizing the support between the value of the x on any two related column, distinguished; And for Φ, it will reduce the ability between candidate's contribution of two related column of Φ, distinguished of being used for of solver.For localized to the mechanism in high SNR these variations of place, we refuse following Φ matrix: in this Φ matrix, any two row have the correlation magnitude greater than threshold value.In the drawings, threshold value is 0.1.Utilize other threshold values to study.Threshold value 0.4 does not almost have effect.What we obtained in view of the above is: yes, actual Φ matrix is extensively to change to the influential effect of performance.The another kind of mode of rationally inferring is: exist us not hope to be used for carrying out the Φ matrix of sensing " bad ".Said performance is the stochastic variable relevant with the distribution of matrix.This means and to define outage probability (probability of outage).Particularly, outage probability is the probability that detection probability will be lower than probability threshold value.For example, system can be designed as and makes not only the average detected probability greater than 40%, and detection probability will be less than 10% probability less than 1%.We can reduce the number of " bad " matrix, to reduce outage probability.A kind of mode of so doing is the correlation in the constraint Φ matrix.Constraint Ψ matrix also will be beneficial to, particularly when S increases.

For robust high bandwidth in real time service and high user density are provided through radio, we have created based on the distributing antenna with to the framework of the centralized processing of wireless signal.We claim that this system is remote conversion or long-range sampling.Mobile radio station is a simple low-power equipment, and the foundation structure core is the supercomputer class, and the base station links to each other with the cheap wireless senser of mobile radio station through redundant magnanimity.Figure 28 is the diagrammatic sketch of our cellular network that here proposes.Figure 28 shows the simple sensor 2712 of a series of a large amount of deployment, thereby makes in the scope of mobile subscriber (MS) equipment 2206 usually more than a transducer 2712.In this programme, can also be long-range sampler or remote conversion equipment with these scales.Can be with these ten meters distances in transducers interval to hundreds of rice.Between the required capacity of transducer power demand, the easness of disposing transducer and system, exist and dispose balance.UE can use than the general higher frequency range of using of frequency range in cell phone.

The optical fiber backhaul 2714 of going to central base station 2716 is provided to transducer.Said backhaul also can be provided by another kind of medium, such as coaxial cable.In deployment, can there be several base stations, their communication and transmission information.Transducer has one or more antenna that appends to the RF front end, and the Base-Band Processing with the cheapness of being designed to.Can the transducer with an antenna be used as array, and can it be made the MIMO air interface.

The air interface that wave beam forms allows MS to send with low-power.The upper-layer protocol that between MS and base station, uses can be an agreement from standardized cellular network (for example LTE).At the upper-layer protocol of becoming privileged in low-power and the short distance (for example Bluetooth) is the replacement model that is used for the communication between MS and the base station.The storehouse at transducer place will only comprise the part of the 1st layer (physical layer).This has reduced cost and battery power consumption.Transducer might be supplied power by AC (is the 110V power line in the U.S.).Can use low two-way time of the hybrid ARQ delivery technology that is used to handle real-time application; The 2nd layer of unit handling ARQ will be in transducer, and in BS or central brain.Provide the innovation zone here, complete new topological structure, wherein, transducer compresses the high bandwidth movable signal that in short distance, receives, and foundation structure is at full speed carried out physical layer calculating.

1, the instruction between base station and the transducer, communication protocol and hardware interface

A, remote conversion instruction

B, oscillator return instruction

C, wave beam control (phase sample) instruction

2, communication protocol and the hardware interface between MS and BS or the central brain

A, the MS that can support service in real time and the high bandwidth MAC hybrid ARQ link between the BS.

3, communication protocol and the treatment technology between MS and central processing unit/central brain

A, the existence signaling code of under situation about need not, working from the cooperation of transducer

B, the empty time-code that mixes to this new topological structure and channel knowledge

C, the fountain sign indicating number that is directed against the mobile radio station registration and sends in real time

D, large-scale array signal process technique

E, utilize higher frequency to send the signal processing technology of frequency range

4, following activity is supported to comprise in the base station:

A, transmitting system Overhead

The existence of b, the mobile radio station of detection in the scope of one or more transducers

Bidirectional real-time between c, base station and the mobile radio station.

This memorandum has proposed the transducer or the sampler that will in the cell phone framework, use.These transducers are more cheap than the base station, and the RF signal of high bandwidth (for example bandwidth B) is sampled.Send compressed signal through optical fiber to the base station.Transducer is not carried out the Nyquist sampling usually.So do For several reasons.A reason is that the two-forty sampling consumes too much energy.Our purpose provides the low power sensor technology.Expectation with Redundancy Design in system, thereby make the loss can easily overcome single-sensor.For a lot of important signals, can hang down error reconstruct to the signal that exists at the place, base station.Transducer can be equipped with direct sequence despreader or FFT equipment.Transducer does not carry out demodulation and judges.The frequency spectrum bands that direct sequence sign indicating number that in despreader, uses or the timing of the sub-chip of despreader or the frequency separation number that in FFT, uses or transducer will be used FFT is transducer is told in the base station through instruction a content.In one embodiment, these instructions are sent with 1ms at interval, and transducer is in its sampling of adjustment or the conversion in the 0.1ms of being less than that is used to receive this instruction.For the purpose of structure, we suppose that mobile radio station transmission and received duration are 1 to 5ms information block or frame.Form can be a circuit class NOR circuit class.Overhead information can comprise guiding and synchronizing information, and this guiding and synchronizing information make mobile radio station carry out and duplicate good cooperation behavior according to game theory.Suppose that MS need know possible wireless WAN, then can also exist important information.Through keeping all communications in this sub-communication network, and needn't keep watch on external network, can conserve battery power.Mobile radio station sends their message with low-power.Transducer is sampled to wireless channel.Transducer in this proposal compresses sampling.Send the compression sampling in this proposal through fiber channel to the base station.A lot of the 1st layer of activity (demodulation, decoding), the 2nd layer of activity (packet numbering, ARQ) and signaling activity (registration, channel allocation, switching) are responsible in the base station.The computing capability of base station is high.The next real-time solve equation of this computing capability system can be used in the base station, and in existing system, this equality system is with only emulation under off-line mode.The information (number of mobile radio station antenna related matrix, the transducer when considering mobile radio station) of channel can be used in the base station, comes on the 1ms interval, to confirm link adjustment strategy.These strategies will be included in optimum when empty spatial multiplexing gain/diversity gain balance point place operate.Equally, a plurality of base stations can be carried out almost communication simultaneously each other, and optimally waveform is sent in design, and said transmission waveform will add at simple mobile radio station place and to obtain undistorted waveform (dirty paper code).Other base stations that receive extra uplink energy from mobile radio station provide the 1ms that wipes in other cases frame period to anchor base stations once in a while.Figure 29 shows another sketch map of proposed system.It is movable that transducer 2712 during this is proposed only is responsible for the 1st sublayer, i.e. compression on the sample stage.Instruction can be sent to transducer in base station 2716 during this is proposed, such as using multiple access access code 16 (these possibly be DS sign indicating number, OFDM sign indicating number) to compress.Instruction can be sent in the base station, has the 2x sampling of phase place theta such as execution.In other words, transducer is from long-range path of pulling out, the A/D path of conventional base station, just looks like one jiao of the pulling taffy, and creates thin connecting line.Said taffy line is the metaphor of the fiber channel from the transducer to the base station.Very high available computing capability is used in the base station, comes in packed data, to detect the MS signal existence.Then; Use good prize MS signals sampling and compress technique (even transducer is not known the effectiveness of instructing through indication sensor base station in this proposal; The timing, frequency, the coding details that also present the packed data that is full of the MS signal), detected MS is responded.MS in this proposal can utilize the fountain sign indicating number to send, and is used for call setup at least.For very high bandwidth, low-power link, mobile radio station can use the fountain sign indicating number to send real-time voice.The grouping transmission rate should have the cycle of 1 to 5ms magnitude.The transducer master is if it were not for decision device; Transducer neither be local adaptive; Transducer control is from the base station.Spatially dispose transducer thick and fast, promptly every 100mx100m at least one, and maybe every 10mx10m one.Transducer can support or can not support DL to send.Can transmit DL from traditional base station iron tower with sectorization.The density of this iron tower will be every 1000mx1000m at least one (building deployment), and maybe one of every 300mx300m (street lamp deployment).

Figure 30 shows the simulation result according to the performance of an embodiment of sensor-based wireless communication system of the use compression sampling of the various aspects of this paper elaboration, wherein, uses N=8, and the M value of S=1 and variation is come the performance of measuring system 3000.Illustrate at the compression sampling of each value of M and sent the mutual information between the signal.Based on simulation result, identify the object run zone of the compression sampling framework of proposition.The importance of these observations is the following fact: preserving battery life is the determinant attribute of the compression sampling framework of proposition.When the M value increased, sampler required the more power of battery.Yet,, possibly be lower than acceptable level at the mutual information that sends and receive between the signal if the M value is too small.Therefore, for acceptable systematic function, need the value of identification M, so that stable system to be provided.To this emulation, rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") is the Walsh matrix on attribute, and sensing matrix (" Φ ") is at random on attribute.Depend on SNR, to the expression of use and the mutual information of selection influence between transmission signal and compression sampling of sensing matrix.To the certain conditions set, representing matrix orthogonalization is good.Use the certainty matrix to help to increase mutual information, yet, more signaling will be required.Thereby, between the signaling and the power of battery, have balance, and accordingly, coordinating also there is balance between matrix and the M value.More under the condition of limited, then should use higher M value in signaling.Yet,, should use more signaling if battery life is more crucial.In addition, relevant at the mutual information that sends between signal and the compression sampling with additive noise.Therefore, when feasible, should use the certainty matrix.Yet this will increase the signaling request of system again again.In addition, it is favourable selecting to have expression and the sensing matrix that certain form length keeps.

This picture specification integral body is called 3000.The logarithm amplitude of SNR ratio is shown on abscissa 3009, and from the scope of 0dB to 35dB, is drawing.On ordinate 3008, mutual information is shown, and from-1.0 to 3 scope, draws.The simulation result of curve 3003,3004,3005 and 3006 expression systems 3000, wherein, N is 8, S is 1, and iid Gauss matrix is used for sensing matrix (" Φ ") and the Walsh matrix is used for rarefaction representation matrix (" Ψ ") at random.Curve 3003 shows the lower bound (" LB ") of the mutual information when M=1.Curve 3004 shows the LB of the mutual information when M=2.Curve 3005 shows the LB of the mutual information when M=3.Curve 3006 shows the LB of the mutual information when M=4.3001 and 3007 represent the upper bound and lower bound gathering respectively.The example in object run zone is depicted as zone 3002.Executed the max computing best Monte Carlo of probability that keeps the Φ of each M realize.As shown in the figure, the poorest border during M=3 (Φ, the optimal boundary when Ψ) being better than M=1.The select target operating area is as the zone by zone 3002 indications, to obtain the reasonable limits to signaling delay.The behavior of this analogue system is all set up for any linear modulation system.

When design system, can change or adjust various attributes, to increase systematic function or maximum efficiency.For example, can distribute identical S value, can distribute identical M value to all long-range samplers simultaneously to all UE of system.This not necessarily because for all UE and long-range sampler, the value of S and M can be different.In addition,, the value of S can be reduced,, the value of S can be increased simultaneously for high SNR for low SNR value.The change of these values is logical, only has considerably less benefit because under low SNR leads, increase S.Yet under high SNR led, it was significant increasing S in order to transmit more users information.If solver is known the S value of distributing to UE, then this system also will benefit.Those skilled in the art it is to be further appreciated that under the situation of asynchronous-sampling the maximum of M will be 2N; Because the synchro system for chip locking (chip lock) needs each code word N sampling, otherwise; For the system of no chip locking, must minimumly get 2N sampling.Another aspect of the present invention is that controller can be distinguished various types of signals in the compression sampling framework, such as distinguishing at WCDMA and GSM.Therefore, controller can send instruction, comes the efficient of maximize signal transmission with the signal type that perceives based on it.System can also be designed to not require the adjustment to the flight time of UE.For example, in gsm system, based on signal relatively other signals the fact of time migration has taken place, system can require its transmission of UE adjustment.Yet, in the system that proposes, can these adjustment be considered in system design through using the long chip time period, make not require adjustment to the UE part.

Figure 31 is the sketch of one embodiment of the present of invention, and wherein, some UE use compression sampling to communicate.Figure 31 shows the UE 3101,3102 and 3103 that communicates by letter with 3106 with long-range sampler 3104,3105.Long- range sampler 3104,3105 and 3106 is connected to solver 3108 via fiber optic cables 3107.Except sending the instruction to solver 3108 itself, controller 3109 also sends instruction via fiber optic cables 3107 to long- range sampler 3104,3105 and 3106.Controller 3109 sends instruction through base station towers 3110 to UE 3101,3102 and 3103.One aspect of the present invention is: UE 3101,3102 and 3103 is not restricted to any specific long-range sampler.Each UE sends simply, and a plurality of long-range sampler is reported the sampling that they are caught simply.Down link between UE and controller is realized via base station towers 3110.Up link realizes through long- range sampler 3104,3105 and 3106.

In any given system, if increase the number of long-range sampler, then can reduce the M value, can not endanger systematic function significantly simultaneously.In addition, although the present invention seeks to keep the battery life of long-range sampler, if in system, there is the long-range sampler have significantly more than the utilisable energy of other long-range samplers, then the M value increase with these long-range sampler places is favourable.Like this, can reduce the M value of other long-range samplers of energy constraint, and not influence systematic function.

The known channel coefficients that is based on the other hand of the framework that proposes reduces signal complexity.If there are a plurality of UE that communicate by letter with a plurality of long-range samplers, then channel coefficients can be indicated: because some obstructions, particular UE is almost only communicated by letter with single long-range sampler.In this case, the channel coefficient matrix that is associated with a plurality of UE can show: in the specific region, the vector that is associated with specific sense waveform is inappreciable.For example, if UE only communicates by letter with a long-range sampler, then the channel coefficients that is associated with this UE to other long-range samplers can be 0.Thereby, can do not consider except with a long-range sampler that UE is communicating by letter the situation of measurement result at any other long-range sampler place under, rebuild the signal that is associated with this UE.Through this signal specific is separated, reduced the complexity of the matrix of expression residual signal.This so will reduce the required rated output of solver.Based on this, controller can send instruction to solver, is littler matrix so that matrix is torn open, to reduce computation complexity.

Figure 32 representes to use the method for the frequency domain sample of frequency displacement and bank of filters.These are the simulation of the system that proposes or the form of continuous temporal correlation.Should be noted that and to be correlated with discrete time or continuous time.3212 are to use the figure of the sparse signal sampler of bank of filters.3212 show and use the group of M narrow band filter 3202 to recover

3211.To received signal y 3201 carry out multiplexing, and with the sets of signals of M narrow band filter 3202 of its feed-in.Bank of filters is carried out matrix operation Φ to analog signal.Output is signal y 3203; It is passed to optimizer 3204, the estimation 3205 that optimizer 3204 recovers .Use the frequency domain sample of bank of filters be characterised in that following some:

1, the number M of sampling is subject to the number of the narrow band filter in the equipment.

2, when needs M narrow band filter, hardware requirement increases along with M.

The memory stores that 3, can not need y.

4, the processing of non-static state or time-varying signal is possible.

3213 are to use the figure of the sparse signal sampler of frequency displacement.3213 have showed to the method for time stationary singnal from the direct restoring signal of time-domain signal y

.Voltage-controlled oscillator 3207 and narrow band filter 3208 are carried out the computing of Φ in analog domain.By the passband of VCO 3202 with signal y 3206 frequency displacements to narrow band filter 3208.Should be noted that and can use low pass filter, rather than narrow band filter, and have different results.Storage output amplitude and phase place in memory 3209 are up to all M frequency is sampled.Then y3209 is passed to optimizer 3210, the estimation 3211 that optimizer 3210 produces

.Use the frequency domain sample of frequency displacement be characterised in that following some:

1, can come dynamically to change the number M of sampling through control VCO.

2, the memory stores that needs the y value of initial discovery is to recover whole vectorial y.

3, signal must be static or slow time variation.

Figure 33 is the block diagram that utilizes the long-range sampler of the notion of sampling continuous time as herein described.Antenna 3301 receives sparse signal, and signal is passed to down-converter 3305.Owing to antenna features, noise 3302 will be a part that receives signal 3304, and indicate its interpolation (although this is not a practical structure, the interpolation of noise 3302 is indicated by adder, so that the attribute that receives signal 3304 to be shown) by adder 3303.At 3305 places signal is carried out down-conversion.At 3306 places, use long-range sampler from the configuration that remote central processor (not shown) receives, signal is correlated with.To sample then and 3307 be sent to analog to digital converter 3308.Signal after will changing then is sent to the solver (not shown) along optical fiber 3309.

In Kaukovuori [KHR+06], provide the example of low-cost wireless electricity, in Enz [ESY05], provided another example.

Propose and tested use optical fiber remote antenna is linked to each other with the base station by Chu [CG91].

Current Intel processor (similar QX9775) is to surpass the 1GHz clock speed, to surpass the execution of 1MB high-speed cache above 1GHz bus speed and utilization.According to Moore's Law, by 2015, transistor density will reach 8 times of currency.Based on the reasoning of typical clock rate multiple (clock-rate-times) door number (gate-count), we can be expected at the disposal ability that can obtain about 10 times of said disposal abilities in 2015 in the single processor.Therefore, in 1ms, can carry out cisc instruction 1,000 ten thousand times.A microprocessor will instruct the physical layer adjustment of 10 transducers in real time.http://compare.intel.com/pcc/

/ minute collection balance relevant restriction multiplexing with MIMO is by Zheng and Tse; 2L.Zheng and D.Tse; Derive at " Diversity and Multiplexing:A Fundamental Tradeoff in Multiple-Antenna Channels; IEEE Transactions on Info.Theory, May2003, pp.1073-1096 ".

At for example Ng; " C.Ng and A.Goldsmith; Transmitter Cooperation in Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks:Does Dirty-Paper Coding Best Relaying?, IEEE ITW 2004, pp.277-282 " in the current notion of dirty paper code has been discussed.

At for example Hales; The selfish user of instruction has been discussed in " D.Hales; From Selfish Nodes to Cooperative Networks Emergent Link-based incentives in Peer-to-Peer Networks; IEEE Peer-to-Peer Computing, 2004 " to cooperate.

At Kokalj-Filipovic; The notion of a plurality of nodes that receive clever redundancy transmission has been discussed in " A.Kokalj-Filipovic; P.Spasojevic, R.Yates and E.Soljanin, Decentralized Fountain Codes for Minimum-Delay Data Collection; CISS 2008, pp.545-550 ".

According to these tables and figure, we infer: yes, might design the existence signal, and detect at long-range sampler place, satisfy design rule qualitatively simultaneously.Particularly, having shown two combinations Ψ and Φ makes to utilize considerably less signal processing and do not make a strategic decision at long-range sampler and detects the existence signal and become possibility.Please recall, the existence signal is the row sum in the Ψ matrix.At the probability that detects the existence signal under the situation of S=1 among the x or S=2 nonzero term enough height for the SNR in 0 to the 10dB scope.This is to send under the situation than the sampling still less of following situation to the base station at long-range sampler to realize: carrying out the routine hypothesis, when signal has used N dimension base fully, the signal that is observed is being carried out the required sampling of conventional conversion.Sparse through consciously signal transmitted being designed to; Long-range sampler is designed to simply; And with base station design for intelligence and be equipped with the down link of going to mobile radio station of separate design (with the non-coexistence of long-range sampler one place) to be connected, produce this gain.

Appendix A, B, C, D, E, F and G appended here and that be incorporated herein by reference have described the technology consideration relevant with design compression sampling system.Particularly, discussed mutual information in the long-range sampler in more detail.In addition, solved noise problem in the sparse signal sampling.Appendix C and D have introduced the computer program that is designed to address these problems.Appendix G is the provisional application of submitting on April 15th, 2009.

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Shown and described example embodiment, those of ordinary skills can accomplish the further adjustment to method as herein described, equipment and system through appropriate modification under the situation that does not break away from the scope of the present disclosure.Mentioned some this potential modifications, and other modification will be conspicuous to those skilled in the art.For example, the example of above-mentioned discussion, embodiment etc. be exemplary but not inevitable requirement.Correspondingly, should consider the scope of the present disclosure to following claim, and be to be understood that the disclosure be not subject to shown in specification and the accompanying drawing with the details of structure, operation and the function of description.

As stated, the said aspect that openly comprises following elaboration.

Claims (19)

1. method to signal sampling, said method comprises:

Receive subscriber equipment transmission through wireless channel based on the sparse combination of S of vector set;

Down-conversion and discretization are carried out in transmission to being received, to create discrete signal;

Said discrete signal is relevant with the sense waveform collection; To create sampling set; Wherein, the sum of the sampling in the said sampling set equals the sum of the concentrated sense waveform of said sense waveform, wherein; Said sense waveform collection and said vector set do not match, and the sum of the sense waveform concentrated of wherein said sense waveform is less than the sum of the vector in the said vector set; And

Send at least one sampling in the said sampling set to the remote central processor.

2. method according to claim 1, wherein, said vector set comprises at least one set of from the tabulation that is made up of the following, selecting:

The row of basic matrix and the row of basic matrix.

3. method according to claim 1 also comprises:

In response to receiving instruction, select new sense waveform collection from said remote central processor.

4. method according to claim 1 also comprises:

In response to receiving instruction from said remote central processor, the adjustment timing reference.

5. method according to claim 1 also comprises:

In response to receiving instruction, change the number of sense waveform from said remote central processor.

6. method according to claim 1, wherein, said vector set and said sense waveform collection have be less than or equal to 0.45 multiply by the vectorial dimension in the said vector set subduplicate coherent value.

7. method of wireless communication, said method comprises:

Pass through the indication that wireless channel receives the first expression parameter set at the subscriber equipment place;

Send first signal, wherein, said first signal part is at least represented parameter set based on said first;

Receive the indication of the second expression parameter set; And

Send multiple access and insert message, wherein, said multiple access inserts message at least partly based on the said second expression parameter set.

8. method according to claim 7, wherein, said multiple access inserts the part that message comprises the unique identifying number of said subscriber equipment at least.

9. method for communicating, said method comprises:

Receive sampling set at the central processing unit place;

Use said sampling set, basic matrix and sense waveform collection, formation has the minimized linear programming of L1;

Find the solution said linear programming, to produce the data estimator collection; And

Quantize said data estimator collection, to produce the information symbol collection.

10. method according to claim 9 also comprises:

Select first subclass of said data estimator collection, wherein, the sum of the element in said first subclass is the expression parameter, and all elements of said first subclass is arithmetically greater than the surplus element of said data estimator collection; And

Discern the index of the element of said first subclass.

11. method according to claim 10; Wherein, Said information symbol collection forms binary vector; The length of said binary vector equals the length of said data estimator collection, and said binary vector is by constituting at logical one and the logical zero at the rest position place with one of the index that is identified corresponding each position.

12. method according to claim 10 also comprises:

The indication subscriber equipment uses said expression parameter.

13. a method of wireless communication, said method comprises:

Send the instruction of the indication first expression parameter set to subscriber equipment through wireless channel; And

Send the instruction of indication sensor parameter collection to long-range sampler.

14. method according to claim 13 also comprises:

Based on the said first expression parameter set, select said sense waveform collection.

15. method according to claim 13 also comprises:

To said subscriber equipment system parameters collection.

16. method according to claim 15, wherein, said set of system parameters comprises at least one that from the tabulation that is made up of the following, selects:

The indication and the system clock of system's timing, frame timing, basic matrix.

17. method according to claim 13 also comprises:

Receive sampling set from said long-range sampler; And

Handle the sampling set that is received, to produce the information symbol collection.

18. method according to claim 17 also comprises:

Insert signal from the sampling centralized detecting multiple access that is received.

19. method according to claim 18 also comprises:

After detecting said multiple access access message, the instruction of sending the indication second expression parameter set through wireless channel to said subscriber equipment.

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