CN102458991B - 在喷气发动机舱的固定内部结构上安装热屏蔽的方法 - Google Patents
在喷气发动机舱的固定内部结构上安装热屏蔽的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在喷气发动机机舱的固定内部结构(29)上安装热屏蔽(31)的方法,该热屏蔽包括覆盖有由结构材料制成的层板(35a)的隔热垫(33),该方法包括下述连续步骤:在从所述层板(35a)和固定内部结构的内表层(39)中选出的至少一个元件上涂布在高温下保证良好的机械强度的粘合剂(43);将所述层板(35a)施加到所述内表层(39)上;以及如果需要,固化所述粘合剂(43)。
Description
本发明涉及一种在喷气发动机舱的固定内部结构上安装热屏蔽的方法。
飞机是通过一个或多个均容纳在发动机舱中的喷气发动机驱动的。
发动机舱通常具有管状结构,包括喷气发动机上游的空气入口、围绕喷气发动机风扇的中部组件、具有推力反向装置并且围绕燃烧室、压缩机的全部或部分和喷气发动机的涡轮机部分的尾部组件,并且通常终止于一个喷嘴,该喷嘴的出口位于喷气发动机的下游。
现代发动机舱用于容纳双流喷气发动机,这种双流喷气发动机一方面产生来自于喷气发动机燃烧室并在通过隔室限定的空间中循环的热气流(也称为第一流体),所述隔室大致呈管状,被称为芯体隔室,另一方面产生来自于风扇并通过环形通道在喷气发动机外循环的冷气流(第二流体),所述环形通道也称为流道,形成于限定了喷气发动机整流罩的内部结构和发动机舱的内壁之间。两种流体通过发动机舱的尾部喷射出喷气发动机。
所述芯体隔室包括一个称为内部固定结构(IFS)的外部壳体,内部固定结构具有至少一个面板。内部固定结构的两种类型的面板组成根据下述进行区分:一方面,金属内部固定结构,其包括一个金属蜂窝夹层型面板(NIDA),该金属蜂窝夹层型面板保持在例如铝表层的两个金属层之间,在流道侧具有潜在的声学孔洞;另一方面,复合内部固定结构,其以与金属内部固定结构相同的原理构建,但是金属层被替换为两个由复合材料(例如:碳/环氧或碳/BMI树脂)制成的内表层(芯体隔室侧)和外表层(流道侧)。
由于内部固定结构承受高热应力,需要通过热屏蔽件防护构成内部固定结构的面板,以在局部将温度保持在可接受的水平,并延长材料的使用寿命。热屏蔽件的作用是保护发动机舱的部件免受发动机环境影响,这些部件可能受到来自于芯体隔室的空气对流(其温度通常可以达到400摄氏度)的影响,也可能受到来自于发动机外壳的辐射(其温度通常可以达到750摄氏度)影响。由热屏蔽件覆盖的内部固定结构形成的组件也具有防火墙的作用。
为了对内部固定结构进行热屏蔽,已知可以使用热屏蔽件,热屏蔽件设置在芯体隔室侧,并且包括一个隔热垫,该隔热垫通常由硅纤维、陶瓷或多微孔材料制成,并且位于两个不锈钢带之间。热屏蔽件使用固定系统(例如铆钉)固定至内部固定结构,所述固定系统在热屏蔽件的整个表面周期性地与其配合。热屏蔽件也通过被称为保持器的保持带通过其边缘保持在内部固定结构上。以这种类型的固定将热屏蔽件设置在内部固定结构上的时间较长(大约数十个小时),因为需要大量的重复操作。
另一方面,公知的热屏蔽件不适用于具有碳/环氧树脂表层的复合内部固定结构的热屏蔽,因为现有技术的这些热屏蔽件不能在维持航空学可接受厚度和质量范围之内的同时将温度局部保持在小于等于120摄氏度的水平。因此在技术表现方面这些不足使得很难使用这种碳/环氧树脂表层,而碳/环氧树脂表层造价远低于能经受接近150摄氏度的温度的碳/BMI树脂表层。这点尤为重要,因为目前航空领域中复合材料正在经历快速扩张。
本发明解决了前述全部或部分的缺陷。
本发明的主要目的是,根据第一方面,一种在喷气发动机机舱的固定内部结构上安装热屏蔽的方法,该热屏蔽包括覆盖有由结构材料制成的层板的隔热垫,该方法包括下述连续步骤:
在从所述层板和固定内部结构的内表层中选出的至少一个元件上涂布在高温下保证良好的机械强度的粘合剂;
将所述层板施加到所述内表层上;以及
如果需要,固化所述粘合剂。
根据这种方法,不再需要使用固定装置来将热屏蔽保持在内部固定结构上,即使在高温下可能导致部件因局部膨胀而分开。因此,需要涂覆与粘合剂接触的表面,并且将它们相对于彼此进行调整,粘合剂需要承受高温,并且由结构材料制成的层板的平面度使得能够在内部固定结构上安全地保持热屏蔽。粘合剂的固化可以在至少几分钟后自发产生。这种固化也可以使用单独或组合考虑的任何手段来触发,例如辐射、微波、感应或升高温度。
这种方法可以避免使用在紧固点的大部分上分布的大量的固定装置,也避免了设置昂贵的保持器,因此这种方法与在内部固定结构上快速和经济的安装热屏蔽装置相协调。
当然,也可以考虑通过这种方法的实施来确保航空领域中的设备结构的其他元件的热屏蔽,特别是结构框架(例如空气入口或推力反向器框架)或发动机外壳(例如风扇流道的外壳)。
在本发明的意义上,术语“结构材料”指的是在150摄氏度左右的温度范围内具有良好结构强度的材料,这种结构材料可以保持隔热垫,即绝热材料层。
根据本发明的方法的其他可选特征:
所述层板是玻璃层板:玻璃特别适合粘合,其允许在内部固定结构上最佳地粘合热屏蔽。
所述隔热垫粘附在所述玻璃层板上;
所述隔热垫被覆盖以对流体密封且阻燃的材料,例如不锈钢片:这种密闭材料可以将来自于发动机机体的碳氢化合物排出,考虑到保留排出物导致的额外重量和这种碳氢化合物对结构的损害,这是优选的,尤其是当其包括复合材料时;同样的,这种排出实质上是限制与燃烧相关的风险,因为航空标准禁止保留呈大容量孔穴或多孔材料(例如隔热垫)形式的易燃产品;
可选的,所述隔热垫可由疏水材料形成,这使得可以取消设置流体密闭层;
所述隔热垫是Pyrogel6671型的隔热垫:这种隔热垫特别适合于保证光学热屏蔽,并且具有完全适合这种类型的应用的热性能,并且特别允许使用碳/环氧树脂的内部固定结构表层,与由碳/BMI树脂制成的内部固定结构表层相比,这种碳/环氧树脂内部固定结构表层对热约束更敏感;“Pyrogel6671型”指的是那些与Pyrogel6671材料的性能等同的任何隔热垫。
粘合剂成区块地施加:粘合剂在热屏蔽和内部固定结构之间的这种分布,使得可以具有在此级别下的滞流空气刀并且提高隔热效果;本申请上下文中的术语“区块”指的是在表面上的有限区域,在其上必须施加粘合剂。粘合剂的这种分布允许在两个表面之间离散地形成空气孔穴;
粘合剂的固化是在至少几分钟之后自发形成的;
可选地,粘合剂的固化由在如下组中选择的手段来触发,该组包括辐射、暴露于微波、感应或升高温度。
根据第二方面,本发明涉及一种内部固定结构,该内部固定结构在芯体隔室侧的内部表面上具有根据前述方法获得的Pyrogel6671型的垫。
根据下面的描述并参考附图将更清楚本发明的其他特征和优点,其中:
图1是根据现有技术的喷气发动机机舱的纵向横截面的整体图;
图2示出了现有技术的装置的纵向横截面的细节图,其中隔热垫通过该申请已知的紧固装置安装在发动机舱的内部固定结构上;
图3示出了根据本发明的方法实施的装置的纵向横截面的细节图,其中Pyrogel6671型隔热垫粘附在喷气发动机机舱的内部固定结构上;
图4是示出了在Pyrogel6671型垫的热性能和通常使用的热屏蔽之间的比较表格。
图1示出了一个喷气发动机机舱1的纵向横截面视图,包括一个流道3,其中当喷气发动机运行时通过冷空气,以及一个燃烧室5,燃烧室部分被芯体隔室7环绕,芯体隔室7在流道侧3的外部上通过内部固定结构(IFS)9限定。
图2示出了固定在内部固定结构9上的芯体隔室侧7的热屏蔽11。该热屏蔽11包括一个隔热垫13,该隔热垫13与空客A380的结构使用的隔热垫相同,该隔热垫保持在两层不锈钢片15a和15b之间。内部固定结构9包括蜂窝夹层(NIDA)型的金属面板17,该金属面板17安装在内表层19和外表层21之间,其可由金属或复合材料制成。
热屏蔽11由现有技术已知的方法固定在内部固定结构的内表层19上,使用了固定装置23。这种固定装置23在芯体隔室7侧的内部固定结构的内表层19的整个表面上分布了大量的紧固点。空气刀24将内表层19从热屏蔽11上分开;通常仅1毫米厚。通风装置(未示出,称为“进入式通风”和“通过式通风”),对于“进入式通风”,保证了隔热材料的通风,对于“通过式通风”,保证了在空气刀和芯体隔室之间良好的压力分布。
图3示出了内部固定结构29,其中热屏蔽31根据本发明的方法的一个实施方式进行安装。所述热屏蔽31包括Pyrogel6671型的隔热垫33,该隔热垫由棉絮纤维中的层叠硅凝胶制成并且保持在玻璃层板35a和不锈钢片35b之间。Pyrogel6671型垫由AspenAerogels公司(美国马萨诸塞州01532,北区,福布斯路30号,B座)制造。所述内部固定结构29和内部固定结构9相似,包括蜂窝夹层(NIDA)类型的金属面板37,该金属面板安装在内表层39和外表层41之间,可以由金属或复合材料制成。
垫33的玻璃层板35a通过粘合剂43粘合在内部固定结构的内表层39上。为此,首先必须使用粘合剂43涂覆玻璃层板35a和/或内部固定结构的内表层39,该粘合剂可以例如是APRONOR的高温1000型的粘合剂,或者任何可以是阻隔温度并且机械强度与施加在内部固定结构上的压力相容的粘合剂。APRONOR粘合剂由APRONOR公司(法国,北部工业区工业大道39,圣玛丽段76190)制造。
操作者然后可以将层板35a施加在内表层39上。下一步骤可能是必需的,用以固化粘合剂,一种方法例如是,当操作者使用APRONOR高温1000型粘合剂时,在大约70摄氏度的温度下烘焙。这是有用的,因为在这种情况下,操作者可以将部件相对于彼此进行调整,在当前例子中是相对于内部固定结构调整垫,而不用担心粘合剂的过早固化。根据图3示出的实施方式,“通过式通风”类型的通风手段在内部固定结构上安装热屏蔽31中不是必需的。然而,可以考虑离散地分布粘合剂,即,分区块分散;在这种情况下,“通过式通风”就是必需的。
图4示出了与例如目前在空客A380设备的发动机舱中安装的传统垫相比,使用热屏蔽31的有利之处,该热屏蔽31包括Pyrogel6671隔热垫类型33的垫。从表1可以看出,Pyrogel6671型的垫与目前使用的垫相比更加隔热。因此它们更适用于保护内部固定结构的碳/环氧树脂表层,而这种表层对热应力最敏感。因此,在使用传统垫的情况下,为了具有与Pyrogel6671隔热垫相同的热性能,需要使用更厚的厚度。因此使用Pyrogel6671隔热垫更适合于航空领域,尤其当垫装备在一个狭窄空间内时。
当然,本发明决不限于所描述和示出的仅作为简单示例提供的实施方式。
Claims (12)
1.一种在喷气发动机机舱的固定内部结构(29)上安装热屏蔽(31)的方法,所述热屏蔽包括覆盖有由结构材料制成的层板(35a)的隔热垫(33),该方法包括下述连续步骤:
在从所述层板(35a)和所述固定内部结构的内表层(39)中选出的至少一个元件上涂布在高温下保证良好机械强度的粘合剂(43);其中所述粘合剂(43)分区块施加,所述粘合剂的这种分布使得具有滞流空气刀并且提高隔热效果;
将所述层板(35a)施加到所述内表层(39)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法还包括固化所述粘合剂(43)的步骤。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述层板(35a)是玻璃层板。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述隔热垫粘合在所述玻璃层板上。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述隔热垫(33)被覆盖以对流体密封且阻燃的材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述材料是不锈钢片(35b)。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述隔热垫由疏水材料形成。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述隔热垫(33)是Pyrogel6671型的隔热垫。
9.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述粘合剂的固化在至少数分钟后自发进行。
10.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,通过在包括辐射、暴露于微波、感应或升高温度的组中选择的一种手段来触发所述粘合剂的固化。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述粘合剂(43)是APRONOR高温1000型的粘合剂。
12.一种内部固定结构(29),所述内部固定结构在芯体隔室侧的其内部表面上具有根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法形成的Pyrogel6671型的垫(33)。
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PCT/FR2010/051148 WO2010146287A2 (fr) | 2009-06-15 | 2010-06-09 | Procédé d'assemblage d'une protection thermique sur une structure interne fixe de nacelle de turboréacteur |
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FR3014840B1 (fr) | 2013-12-17 | 2017-10-13 | Airbus Operations Sas | Ensemble pour aeronef comprenant un corps d'attache moteur equipe d'au moins une ferrure de support de manille penetrant dans le caisson du mat d'accrochage |
FR3014841B1 (fr) | 2013-12-17 | 2017-12-08 | Airbus Operations Sas | Ensemble pour aeronef comprenant un corps d'attache moteur en partie realise d'une seule piece avec une nervure interieure de rigidification d'un caisson de mat d'accrochage |
FR3015431B1 (fr) * | 2013-12-19 | 2017-12-15 | Airbus Operations Sas | Structure primaire de mat d'accrochage renforcee. |
FR3015433B1 (fr) | 2013-12-23 | 2016-02-12 | Airbus Operations Sas | Ensemble pour aeronef comprenant un mat d'accrochage integre a la nacelle et agence en partie arriere du fuselage |
US10337408B2 (en) | 2016-06-08 | 2019-07-02 | Mra Systems, Llc | Thermal insulation blanket and thermal insulation blanket assembly |
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CN108644028B (zh) * | 2018-03-12 | 2020-01-24 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | 一种大推力双向摇摆轨控发动机高温隔热屏 |
CN111216901A (zh) | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-02 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 电源装置以及飞行体 |
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US10876480B2 (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2020-12-29 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Acoustic structure for gas turbine engine |
PL3932801T3 (pl) | 2020-06-30 | 2022-09-19 | Airbus Helicopters Deutschland GmbH | Wiropłat z układem przegrody przeciwogniowej |
CN112483521B (zh) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-05-31 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | 刚性热防护层套接于非封闭等径回转体舱段的工装及方法 |
EP4001105B1 (en) | 2020-11-20 | 2023-07-05 | Airbus Helicopters Deutschland GmbH | A stiffener skeleton for a firewall arrangement of a rotary wing aircraft |
EP4071046B1 (en) | 2021-04-09 | 2023-06-07 | AIRBUS HELICOPTERS DEUTSCHLAND GmbH | A rotary wing aircraft with a firewall arrangement |
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- 2010-06-09 CA CA2761666A patent/CA2761666A1/fr not_active Abandoned
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- 2010-06-09 BR BRPI1013290A patent/BRPI1013290A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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FR2946621B1 (fr) | 2013-02-08 |
EP2443034B1 (fr) | 2015-09-09 |
ES2555494T3 (es) | 2016-01-04 |
RU2011153089A (ru) | 2013-07-27 |
BRPI1013290A2 (pt) | 2016-03-29 |
CN102458991A (zh) | 2012-05-16 |
CA2761666A1 (fr) | 2010-12-23 |
WO2010146287A3 (fr) | 2011-03-10 |
WO2010146287A2 (fr) | 2010-12-23 |
US20120082808A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
EP2443034A2 (fr) | 2012-04-25 |
RU2533936C2 (ru) | 2014-11-27 |
FR2946621A1 (fr) | 2010-12-17 |
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