CN102458611A - Method and device for reducing carbon dioxide emissions - Google Patents

Method and device for reducing carbon dioxide emissions Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102458611A
CN102458611A CN2010800267597A CN201080026759A CN102458611A CN 102458611 A CN102458611 A CN 102458611A CN 2010800267597 A CN2010800267597 A CN 2010800267597A CN 201080026759 A CN201080026759 A CN 201080026759A CN 102458611 A CN102458611 A CN 102458611A
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China
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
storage tank
pressure
temperature
abs
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CN2010800267597A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
M·库埃维尔
H-C·哈尔曼-库恩
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TGE Marine Gas Engineering GmbH
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TGE Marine Gas Engineering GmbH
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Publication of CN102458611A publication Critical patent/CN102458611A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0254—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/22—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0171—Trucks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for reducing the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and to a tank for carrying out the method. According to the method, carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion process is separated from the gas, and subsequently the carbon dioxide is brought to a pressure of at least 10bar abs, preferably at least 15bar abs, particularly preferably at least 18bar abs and cooled to a temperature of up to-10 ℃, preferably up to-20 ℃. The temperature of the liquefied carbon dioxide is preferably up to-40 ℃. The temperature of the liquefied carbon dioxide during transport in the storage tank is particularly preferably between-25 ℃ and-35 ℃. Although higher pressures, for example 18bar abs, are required to provide tanks with thicker wall thicknesses, higher fractions of hydrogen and nitrogen in carbon dioxide gas can be tolerated due to the high pressures. In this way, it is not necessary to separate nitrogen and hydrogen to a large extent from the carbon dioxide before liquefaction, which also leads to the separation of carbon dioxide according to the prior art.

Description

Be used to reduce the method and the device of CO2 emission
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and a kind of device that be used to carry out said method of carbon dioxide that be used for reducing to the discharging of atmosphere.Carbon dioxide (CO 2) mainly when carbon-containing fuel burns, produce.The carbon dioxide that produces like this escapes in the atmosphere and increase from global warming.This environmental problem is for example described in German patent application DE 19834073A1.
Background technology
For fear of CO2 emission is gone in the atmosphere, need and to come out and storage lastingly suitably through the carbon dioxide separation that burning produces.In order whole carbon dioxide to be transported to suitable bank/stratum/ore bed from the power plant through excessive distance, for economic reasons, usually at first with co 2 liquefaction.Then with the carbon dioxide of liquid state for example from the previous power plant shipping that produces carbon dioxide through burning to bank.
The characteristics of shipping are, CO 2In the power plant, continue to produce, and ship only can be carried out in batches.There is the necessity that surge volume is provided thus.
The carbon dioxide of liquefaction can be filled in the storage tank, transports bank for example exhausted oil field or gas field or salt cave to by means of means of transport such as boats and ships or vehicle, and after arriving bank, transfers in the bank.
Known, make gas liquefaction for transportation and under liquefaction, gas is transported to the desired destination place from the export point by means of storage tank.Therefore, for example natural gas is cooled to-161 ℃ to-164 ℃ and therefore liquefaction.The transportation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is especially carried out by means of boats and ships.Under the situation of LNG, in order to be stored in the storage tank material that must selection can bear low temperature.But need not make employed material have high strength at low temperatures simultaneously usually, this is because can be at normal pressure or very little excessive rolling transportation LNG.But also make every effort under higher temperature, transporting LNG under the higher pressure and therefore thereupon.
Known, under pressure, store LPG.Pressure store can be up to 18bar abs. (absolute pressure), and this is because this gas can only raise through such pressure and liquefy.This all is being suitable under 45 ℃ environment temperature.45 ℃ of last design temperatures that the gas tanker that normally goes for world wide is supposed.Also known in addition, the temperature of LPG to be transported is reduced to-42 ℃, so that can in the storage tank of big volume, transport LPG, said storage tank needn't be competent at special pressure demand.So the pressure store of LPG to be transported can be reduced to environmental pressure.
The professional makes every effort to make the temperature of liquid gas can be cooled to below-50 ℃, because otherwise must use relatively expensive steel.Situation is especially true when requiring storage tank be able to bear overvoltage.If the temperature of liquid gas be-50 ℃ and more than, then can use common low temperature acinose texture steel such as P355NL2 or 13MNN163.So the storage tank by this low temperature acinose texture steel is processed also can be constructed relatively than resistance to compression.But under the situation of the storage tank (thousands of cubic meter) of big volume, make the storage tank difficulty or drop into very high technically very that to bear the for example higher relatively overvoltage of 5～10bar g (meter pressure).Therefore, if transport big volume, then the professional makes every effort to select like this temperature of liquid gas, makes can avoid the use of measuring body storage tank or can reduce required compressive resistance, so that can use the storage tank of big volume relatively than no problem ground.
Get resistance to compression if will be used for the reservoir configurations of liquid gas, then the professional makes every effort to the wall thickness of this storage tank is restricted to about 50mm.Especially the physical relation below is conclusive at this: the acinose texture steel stands so-called low temperature embrittlement/embrittlement, and this low temperature embrittlement causes, and the acinose texture steel no longer can be used to construct pressure vessel below specific serviceability temperature.Weighing measuring of its is the notch shock toughness under relevant temperature.This value mainly with steel in institutional framework relevant.Now, plate/metallic plate is thick more, and the risk of structural heterogenity is big more.Additionally, adding man-hour, this risk of " producing tissue with respect to rolling plate changes " for example can improve in the heat affected area when welding.Thus, can descend in the possibility of following the value that on the test plate, obtains on all sites of the storage tank of processing.Obtain " should under the temperature lower, check thicker plate " this practice scheme thus than serviceability temperature.This should guarantee that the notch shock toughness values of finding like this can be followed effectively everywhere in plate under serviceability temperature.The value of investigating among the present invention for special acinose texture steel for example P690QL2 reflect normally used Pressure/Temperature and plate thickness in the design of the gas storage tank on the oceangoing voyage boats and ships.Thus, for the wall thickness of 50mm and-40 ℃ storage temperature, obtain a probe temperature, under said probe temperature, the steel mill of producing steel reaches desired notched-value.
Therefore, transport to bank if the professional makes every effort to the carbon dioxide of the process of spontaneous combustion in the future, then the professional will make every effort to make co 2 liquefaction from said reason and transport under-50 ℃ the temperature and under the pressure of about 6.6bar g.For lower temperature or higher pressure needn't be set, the professional at first also especially isolates hydrogen and nitrogen with purifying carbon dioxide, and said hydrogen and nitrogen are being used for the gas separation of C O from the power plant 2Technological known method in as CO 2Impurities/contaminant inevitable exist with certain amount.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, will be transported to bank economically and as far as possible fully through the carbon dioxide that combustion process produces.
The object of the invention is realized through a kind of method, in said method, from gas, isolates the carbon dioxide that is produced by combustion process.Then make carbon dioxide reach 10bar abs. at least, preferred 15bar abs. at least, preferred especially 18bar abs. at least pressure and with its be cooled to up to-10 ℃, preferably up to-20 ℃ temperature.Preferably, the temperature of the carbon dioxide of liquefaction is up to-40 ℃.The temperature of the carbon dioxide of liquefaction is when in storage tank, especially preferably being between the delivery period between-25 ℃ to-35 ℃.The required temperature that liquefies is relevant with pressure store.But, make every effort to select low temperature according to the present invention.Though pressure higher, for example 18bar g (bar gauge clings to meter pressure) need provide the storage tank that has design pressure higher, 19～21bar g and therefore have the high wall thickness of the thing followed.But because high pressure, the hydrogen and the nitrogen of the higher relatively share of tolerable in carbon dioxide.Promptly need be before liquefaction from carbon dioxide separating nitrogen and hydrogen largely, this also can cause isolating carbon dioxide according to prior art.This part carbon dioxide also can escape in the atmosphere by this way unfriendly.Therefore, according to the present invention because-50 ℃ the temperature of pursuing with tradition is different, thus can be under the situation that needn't isolate hydrogen and nitrogen in advance largely with isolated co 2 liquefaction and be transported to bank.
Therefore purer carbon dioxide relatively need be provided.Isolate hydrogen and nitrogen to more necessary big degree, more carbon dioxide are just simultaneously isolated together and are arrived in the atmosphere unfriendly then inevitably.
Therefore, according to the present invention,, not to-50 ℃, so that can in liquid state, under as far as possible little pressure, transport gas with said gas cooled in order to transport gas.The substitute is, be different from this common processing mode, is cost to have higher pressure, and making needn't separating nitrogen and hydrogen, perhaps makes this separation energy be reduced to minimum degree at least.Though need higher relatively wall thickness for storage tank, cost can not improve generally thus, and this is because provide cost savings in other place.For example, because degree going out hydrogen, oxygen and/or nitrogen from carbon dioxide separation obtains purer carbon dioxide relatively greatly, so cost is able to save.
In order to guarantee to process the steel that is used for storage tank best, the thickest degree of storage tank is about 50mm.
If the share that the share of nitrogen is not more than 0.7%mol (molar percentage) or oxygen in the carbon dioxide is not more than the share of 0.99%mol or hydrogen and is not more than 0.14%mol, then work as CO 2Temperature when being about-30 ℃ and pressure and being about 18bar abs., can advantageously abandon separated oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen from isolated carbon dioxide fully.If at CO 2In exist multiple different, need improve pressure or reduce temperature unfriendly so that make CO 2The pernicious gas of liquefaction then is suitable for other upper limit surely according to constituent.In a kind of form of implementation of the present invention, make carbon dioxide be cooled to-30 ℃ and such selection pressure, make and can avoid from isolated carbon dioxide, separating pernicious gas.
In a kind of form of implementation of the present invention, with pernicious gas, exactly especially nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen from isolated CO 2In remove so that can save the energy that is used to liquefy.
In order carbon dioxide to be carried out waste disposal (entsorgen), said carbon dioxide for example is pumped in the well/boring in former oil field or gas field or in the salt cave.
CO 2Steam-laden ground produces at first in principle.Therefore, in a kind of form of implementation of the present invention, earlier that said carbon dioxide is dry before with liquid condition transportation carbon dioxide.Otherwise, can produce ice and hydrate owing to low-temperature storage.If form ice and hydrate through dry avoiding, then can avoid the narrow cross section in blocking filter, valve, the pump etc. thus.Advantageously, when making carbon dioxide reach high pressure, said carbon dioxide is carried out drying.This makes drying become simple.
The present invention especially relates to the situation of separating carbon dioxide from the flue gas in power plant.Combustion process in the power plant is aggravated the load of carbon dioxide to environment to a great extent.Therefore, the present invention especially uses in such situation.
In addition, in order to realize said purpose, propose a kind of storage tank, said storage tank has the characteristic of independent claims arranged side by side.Favourable design is by obtaining in the dependent claims.In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of barge, said barge the equipment that is used for liquefied carbon dioxide is equipped with and/or be used under-20 ℃ to-40 ℃ the temperature, preferably under temperature approximately-30 ℃ the storing liquid carbon dioxide, enough measuring body storage tanks.When storage tank can bear liquefaction CO 2During required pressure, said storage tank is enough measuring body.The tank volume of the storage tank of barge especially is at least 2000 cubic metres, preferably at least 3000 cubic metres, so that can store a large amount of CO 2, and simultaneously needn't be for providing the storage tank cost excessive cost.
Barge is especially favourable, when
-when not building the position in the power plant;
-build when being pressed for time, because the comparable land-bound equipment of barge is built quickly.
The size of the single storage tank on the barge can be bigger, because needn't transport these storage tanks.Therefore, in a kind of form of implementation of the present invention, with the CO of liquid state 2Transfer to the storage tank that one of a ship has less volume from a storage tank of barge.Then, this ship is with the CO of liquid state 2Be transported to suitable bank.
In a kind of form of implementation of the present invention, for older power plant, buffer pooling is transported to another power plant from a power plant, so that can continue to use said buffer pooling.In this respect, the barge ratio being set land-bound equipment and preponderates.
In a kind of form of implementation, barge is docked in outside the trade port, so that overcome the restriction aspect the passage depth of water of ferry boat thus.
Because transport big amount, so, be used for CO with liquefaction 2The volume that is transported to the storage tank of bank also is preferably at least 2000 cubic metres from previous reasons, is preferably at least 3000 cubic metres especially.Have 18bar g to 20bar g design pressure, can be configured to suitably store CO down according to current prior art 18bar abs. and-30 ℃ 2The single pressurized tank of maximum be in 5000～6500m 3The order of magnitude in.So, can on ship, construct corresponding surge volume or transportation volume through any a plurality of storage tanks of combination thus.
In order to make storage tank can be competent at the requirement of temperature and pressure aspect, said storage tank especially by high-intensity special steel, for example according to EN 10028-6 have＞500MPa processes until the special steel of the yield point of 900MPa.Known its material number of this material is P690QL2 or 1.8888.
Storage tank with 2000 cubic metres and above volume transports with ship.But also can use other vehicle for example train or cargo vehicle transport storage tank so that the carbon dioxide of liquid state is transported to bank from the place of carrying out corresponding combustion process.So tank volume is less certainly.So can more easily special resistance to compression ground structure storage tank.Therefore, the present invention at first relates to the situation of carbon dioxide being transported to suitable bank with big amount with ship.Ship is not only to be equipped with one but be equipped with a plurality of storage tanks (jar warehouse) certainly usually.Total measurement (volume) is at least 5000m usually 3
For the purpose of clear, also to the present invention be described here by means of the form of implementation of numbering:
1. method that is used to reduce CO2 emission; According to this method; To come out through the carbon dioxide separation that combustion process produces; Make isolated carbon dioxide reach at least 10bar abs., preferred 15bar abs. at least, the preferred especially pressure of 18bar abs. at least, make isolated carbon dioxide reach up to-10 ℃, preferably up to-20 ℃, especially preferably up to-40 ℃ temperature, like this; With isolated co 2 liquefaction transfer in the storage tank, said storage tank is transported to the bank that is used for carbon dioxide.
2. according to the method for form of implementation 1, wherein, the pressure of liquid carbon dioxide is not higher than 25bar abs., preferably is not higher than 18bar abs..
3. according to the method for one of above-mentioned form of implementation, wherein, the thickest degree of storage tank is no more than 50mm.
4. according to the method for one of above-mentioned form of implementation, wherein, the design pressure of storage tank is no more than 20bar g.
5. according to the method for one of above-mentioned form of implementation, wherein, in the carbon dioxide of liquefaction, the share value that the share that the share of nitrogen is no more than 0.7%mol (molar percentage) or oxygen is no more than 0.99%mol or hydrogen is no more than 0.14%mol.According to the method for one of above-mentioned form of implementation, wherein, before co 2 liquefaction, with non-carbon dioxide for example nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen cumulative volume at the most 75%, preferably at the most 50%, especially preferably 25% from carbon dioxide, separate at the most.
6. according to the method for one of above-mentioned form of implementation, wherein, before liquefaction, from isolated carbon dioxide, oxygen or nitrogen are not separated.
7. according to the method for one of above-mentioned form of implementation, wherein, carbon dioxide is transported in the bank through one or more wells.
8. according to the method for one of above-mentioned form of implementation, wherein, carbon dioxide is carried out drying and in the state that drying is crossed, carbon dioxide transported to bank.
9. according to the method for one of above-mentioned form of implementation, wherein, storage tank is that the steel of P690QL2 is processed by material number.
10. according to the method for one of above-mentioned form of implementation, wherein, storage tank by have＞steel of the yield point of 500MPa, especially＞620MPa, more particularly＞690MPa for example the steel of P690QL2 or equivalence process.
11. according to the method for one of above-mentioned form of implementation, wherein, carbon dioxide is gaseous state ground from the power plant technical process, extracts, especially from the flue gas in power plant, separate.
12., wherein, carbon dioxide is liquefied on barge and/or temporary transient the storage according to the method for one of above-mentioned form of implementation.
13., wherein, will transfer on the ship of drive unit at the carbon dioxide of the liquid state that stores on the barge with oneself according to the method for one of above-mentioned form of implementation.
14. according to the method for one of above-mentioned form of implementation, wherein, the carbon dioxide storage tank that has on oneself the ship of drive unit is littler than the carbon dioxide storage tank on the barge.
15. the storage tank of a means of transport has the carbon dioxide that is included in the liquid state in this storage tank, said storage tank has 2000m at least 3Tank volume, wherein, in storage tank, have at least 10bar g, preferred 15bar g at least, the preferred especially pressure of 18bar g at least, and the temperature of carbon dioxide is-30 ℃ to-20 ℃.But also have a kind of storage tank that is used for means of transport in principle, it has the carbon dioxide that is included in the liquid state in the storage tank, and said storage tank is made according to the method for one of form of implementation 1 to 14.
16. the storage tank in one of above-mentioned two kinds of forms of implementation, said storage tank is processed by P690QL2.
17. jar warehouse; Have a plurality of storage tanks with the carbon dioxide that is included in liquid state wherein; Especially according to the storage tank of one of above-mentioned two forms of implementation, wherein, in each storage tank, all having at least, 10bar g, preferred 15bar g at least, the preferred especially pressure of 18bar g at least and the temperature of carbon dioxide are-30 ℃ to-20 ℃; Wherein, the total measurement (volume) of storage tank is at least 5000m 3, be preferably 10000m 3
18. the barge with a storage tank, liquid carbon dioxide can be under-30 ℃ the temperature, be stored in this storage tank under the pressure of 18bar g.
19., have the equipment that is used to make co 2 liquefaction especially according to the barge of above-mentioned form of implementation.
20. the barge with one or more storage tanks, liquid carbon dioxide can be stored in the said storage tank under about-30 ℃ temperature and under the pressure of about 18bar g.
The specific embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail by means of an example below.In typical burning back capture process, whole flue gases in power plant experience additional washing process (ammonia absorption process) afterwards at common treatment step (dedusting, desulfurization, denitrogenation).Because CO 2Preferably be absorbed in the ammonia solution, so can be through the solution that concentrates sucking-off CO at the bottom of the column plate/tower of scrubbing tower 2Then, in ammonia regeneration, CO 2Through heat input from ammonia solution, evicted from and under atmospheric pressure as water saturated/be full of the thick CO of water 2Produce.In multi-stage compression, CO 2Reach the liquefaction pressure of expectation, said liquefaction pressure can be between 12bar abs. to the 40bar abs..In a preferred example, with the pressure transportation CO of 18bar abs. 2And should select liquefaction pressure high slightly (approximately 19bar abs.).When compression pressure is higher, need multi-stage compression, said multi-stage compression should be carried out with separating along with cooling in the middle of the condensed water of this generation.Then that gas is dry.This at first is not higher than in about 4 ℃ refrigerant type dryer, then in absorption drier, carries out in the pressure leak source temperature.Follow CO with drying 2Liquefaction---for example through using condensation of refrigerant equipment.Can use different refrigerants and technical process at this.Use the R410 cold-producing medium in one embodiment.The evaporation and produce cold, CO under the temperature of low pressure peace treaty-30 ℃ of this cold-producing medium at this 2With this cold condensation.Then cold-producing medium is compressed and under about 30 ℃, uses condensed.In this other method (for example with condensations such as air) that also can use the pressure that depends on other and parts to select.The possibility that is primarily aimed at a advantage that the present invention who considers in Northern Europe chooses and is favourable energy consumption and in Refrigeration Technique, can use common parts.
Being compressed in the power plant of gas carried out, so that can transport economically.Thus, drying also should be carried out in the power plant, because otherwise condensed water can during transportation occur.
From the described reason of beginning, in the time will carrying out follow-up transporting in batches, be provided with surge volume.If sort buffer volume or buffer pooling are set directly at the location, power plant, then compression can be carried out in a multilevel process suitably.If the place of power plant and bank is separated from each other, then advantageously on liquefier, recompress (in order to the compensation conveyance loss).Can reach liquefaction pressure again through corresponding recompression machine owing to heat being incorporated into the boil-off gas/ease gas that certainly leads in the surge tank.So (the recompression machine is for being used to the CO that liquefies in this form of implementation 2Device) in saved compressor.
But liquefaction and intermediate storage can be very properly (but needn't) on the place, carry out dividually.At this, except for example near the buffer pooling the harbour, the equipment on the ship also is possible.Liquefaction and intermediate storage are not preferably carried out on barge promptly has oneself the ship of drive unit.Barge has reduced to the demand on land for building and with land-bound equipment to be compared and can build in the short period of time with low costly.In principle, barge can be realized than corresponding land-bound equipment as the modern facilities that are used for the power plant more easily.If liquefying plant spatially separates with buffering bank or ship, then liquid transportation is taken out through suitable pump respectively and is realized.
Cargo ship is with CO 2Pump is extracted into the equipment of fixed and arranged, said equipment implement that pressure raises and heating to be fed in the bank, perhaps this ship be equipped with corresponding parts and directly (for example through be connected temporarily) with submerged pipeline be fed into bank and form in the well/boring that is connected.Because bank is under the pressure and well is inappropriate for equipment at low temperatures, need to improve pressure and heating.
In one embodiment of the invention, bank pressure is 18bar abs..Liquefaction pressure is higher slightly than it.The temperature of liquid carbon dioxide is approximately-35 ℃.Storage tank is the jar of tubular, is processed by P690QL2, and design pressure is 19bar g, and volume is 3000 cubic metres.
Following Example shows, in order under the bank pressure of about 18bar abs. and about 30 ℃ temperature, to transport, how many nitrogen that can comprise in the carbon dioxide, limit of oxygen impurities be.
Mixture I:
CO 299.1992mol% (molar percentage)
N 2 0.4004mol％
O 2 0.4004mol％
Condensing temperature is-29.75 ℃ under 18bar abs.;
Mixtures II:
CO 299.1305mol% (molar percentage)
N 2 0.3498mol％
O 2 0.5197mol％
Condensing temperature is-30.18 ℃ under 18bar abs.;
Mixtures III:
CO 299.2303mol% (molar percentage)
N 2 0.5496mol％
O 2 0.2201mol％
Condensing temperature is-30 ℃ under 18bar abs..
That is, if-30 ℃ with 18bar abs. under transport, then when comprising too much nitrogen, oxygen impurities, just should at first purify, so that acquisition is enough pure, fully break away from the carbon dioxide of nitrogen and oxygen.Under other pressure and temperature, be suitable for corresponding situation.

Claims (15)

1. method that is used to reduce CO2 emission, wherein:
A) will come out through the carbon dioxide separation that combustion process produces;
B) make isolated carbon dioxide reach the pressure of 10bar abs. at least;
C) isolated carbon dioxide is cooled to the temperature up to-10 ℃;
D) like this, with isolated co 2 liquefaction transfer in the storage tank; And
E) said storage tank is transported to the bank that is used for carbon dioxide.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, makes isolated carbon dioxide reach the pressure of 18bar abs. at least.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, isolated carbon dioxide is cooled to the temperature up to-40 ℃.
4. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described method, it is characterized in that, make the pressure of liquid carbon dioxide not be higher than 25bar abs..
5. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described method, it is characterized in that the mean wall thickness that is used in the storage tank of liquid carbon dioxide is no more than 50mm.
6. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described method, it is characterized in that the design pressure that is used in the storage tank of liquid carbon dioxide is not higher than 20bar g.
7. one of require described method according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that, make liquid carbon dioxide satisfy criterion one of at least: the share of nitrogen is not higher than 0.7%mol, and the share of oxygen is not higher than 0.99%mol, and the share of hydrogen is not higher than 0.14%mol.
8. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described method, it is characterized in that, at not separated oxygen or the nitrogen from isolated carbon dioxide of liquefying before.
9. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described method, it is characterized in that liquefaction and storing carbon dioxide on barge.
10. storage tank that is used to transport liquid carbon dioxide; Volume with at least 2000 cubic metres; Said storage tank is filled with the liquid carbon dioxide according to the method preparation of claim 1 to 9 at least in part, wherein, in said storage tank, has the pressure of 10bar g at least.
11. storage tank according to claim 10 is characterized in that, in said storage tank, has the pressure of 18bar g at least.
12., it is characterized in that the temperature of carbon dioxide is-30 ℃ to-20 ℃ according to claim 10 or 11 described storage tanks, comprise-20 ℃ interior.
13., it is characterized in that liquid carbon dioxide has-30 ℃ temperature according to the described storage tank of one of claim 10 to 12 under the pressure of 18bar g.
14. a jar warehouse has a plurality of according to the described storage tank of one of claim 10 to 13.
15. a barge has according to the described storage tank of one of claim 10 to 13.
CN2010800267597A 2009-06-16 2010-06-16 Method and device for reducing carbon dioxide emissions Pending CN102458611A (en)

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