CN102442759A - Glass manufacturing device and component thereof - Google Patents
Glass manufacturing device and component thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102442759A CN102442759A CN2010105027638A CN201010502763A CN102442759A CN 102442759 A CN102442759 A CN 102442759A CN 2010105027638 A CN2010105027638 A CN 2010105027638A CN 201010502763 A CN201010502763 A CN 201010502763A CN 102442759 A CN102442759 A CN 102442759A
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Abstract
The invention provides a glass manufacturing device and a component thereof. A hollow tube body serving as a component for melting glass is provided, so that local overheating of ohmic heating can be prevented. The hollow tube body is applied to ohmic heating, and is provided with a hollow tube made of platinum or a platinum alloy, and is characterized in that: the periphery of the hollow tube is jointed with an annular electrode; the outer edge of the annular electrode is jointed with one or more extraction electrodes; and each annular electrode consists of a central electrode part made of platinum or a platinum alloy and a thick-wall part which is arranged on the outer side of the central electrode part and is made of platinum or a platinum alloy or a metal material outside platinum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be suitable for hollow tube, the electrode that it has the hollow tube of platinum or platinum alloy system and engages energising heating usefulness with the periphery at this hollow tube as the conduit of the melten glass of glass manufacturing apparatus.
In addition, the present invention relates to method with hollow tube of the present invention energising heating.
In addition, the present invention relates to use glass manufacturing apparatus and the glass-making processes of this hollow tube as the conduit of melten glass.
Background technology
In glass manufacturing apparatus, through its inner conduit, use the hollow tube of the platinum alloy system of platinum or platinum-au-alloy, platinum-rhodium alloy and so on for the pyritous melten glass.
Glass blank bleeder with patent documentation 1 record is an example, is connected with the pipeline of platinum or platinum alloy system in the melten glass outlet of glass melting groove bottom.In addition; Other example of the conduit that passes through as melten glass is enumerated: be used for removing impurity and the outlet pipe that is provided with, under the situation of optical elements such as molded lens and prism, being used for flowing out to the mould of shaping usefulness from glass manufacturing apparatus the outlet pipe etc. of melten glass from glass manufacturing apparatus.
In glass manufacturing apparatus, for regulating the temperature through inner melten glass, the conduit that melten glass passes through is heated.The heating of conduit also sometimes through thermal source such as well heater from the indirect heating conduit, still, under the situation of the hollow tube of platinum or platinum alloy system, what extensively carry out is electrode and the heating of switching on that energising usefulness is set on this hollow tube.Fig. 4 is the stereographic map of hollow tube of existing platinum or platinum alloy system that is provided with the electrode of energising heating usefulness.In Fig. 4, engaging in the periphery of the hollow tube of processing drum 100 has ring electrode 200.Position respect to one another on the outer rim of ring electrode 200, engaging has two extraction electrodes 300,301.
Patent documentation 1: japanese kokai publication hei 6-227822 communique
Summary of the invention
The inventor finds that to hollow tube shown in Figure 4 100 energising heating the time, at the privileged site current concentration of electrode 200, heating is crossed by the part in this position.For this point, specify as follows.
In Fig. 4, when extraction electrode 300,301 was connected energising with external power source, electric current flowed into to hollow tube 100 via electrode 200 from extraction electrode 300,301.The effect of ring electrode 200 is to flow through electric current on the whole equably at hollow tube 100.But, from the current concentration of extraction electrode 300,301 in the specific position of electrode 200.
Electric current flows through shortest path on its characteristic.Under the situation of hollow tube shown in Figure 4 100, from the electric current of extraction electrode 300,301 through the shortest path shown in the arrow.Its result flows through the specific position (position dotted line shown in) of the current concentration of electrode 200 in electrode 200.Heating is crossed at position shown in the with dashed lines of electrode 200 because of concentrating of electric current is local.This local the mistake under the situation about heating taken place, and electrode 200 may be damaged because of thermal stresses.During electrode 200 breakages, can not therefore, between melten glass and hollow tube, produce temperature head, be difficult to make glass hollow tube 100 energising heating.
In addition, when the privileged site current concentration of electrode 200, the electric current that flows to hollow tube 100 from electrode 200 also concentrates on the privileged site of hollow tube 100.Particularly, with junction surface that electrode 200 engages in the junction surface that engages, the position with shown in the dotted line of electrode 200 on current concentration.Under the situation of the specific position current concentration of hollow tube 100, heating is crossed by the part in this position.Thus, possible hollow tube 100 is damaged because of thermal stresses, or the melten glass of circulation in this hollow tube 100 takes place rotten.
The present invention is based on as above opinion and develops, and its purpose is to provide a kind of part of electrode of the heating usefulness that prevents to switch on to cross the hollow tube of heating, and it has the hollow tube of platinum or platinum alloy system.Hollow tube of the present invention is suitable for the conduit as the melten glass of glass manufacturing apparatus.
In addition, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method with this hollow tube energising heating.
In addition, the object of the present invention is to provide glass manufacturing apparatus and the glass-making processes of this hollow tube of a kind of application as the conduit of melten glass.
For realizing said purpose, the present invention provides a kind of hollow tube, the purposes of its heating that is used to switch on, and the hollow tube with platinum or platinum alloy system is characterized in that,
Periphery joint at said hollow tube has ring electrode,
Outer rim joint at said ring electrode has one or more extraction electrode,
Said ring electrode is made up of with the platinum that is arranged at this electrode centers portion outside or the heavy section of platinum alloy system the electrode centers portion of platinum or platinum alloy system.
The present invention provides a kind of hollow tube, the purposes of its heating that is used to switch on, and the hollow tube with platinum or platinum alloy system is characterized in that,
Periphery joint at said hollow tube has ring electrode,
Outer rim joint at said ring electrode has one or more extraction electrode,
Said ring electrode is made up of the platinum in the electrode centers portion of platinum or platinum alloy system and the outside that is arranged at this electrode centers portion and the heavy section of the metallic substance system beyond the platinum alloy.
In hollow tube of the present invention, preferred said heavy section spreads all over the full week of said ring electrode and is provided with.
In hollow tube of the present invention, preferred said heavy section satisfies following formula (1), (2).
t
1＝t
0～20t
0…(1)
w＝0.02r～0.3r…(2)
t
1: the wall thickness of heavy section (mm)
t
0: the wall thickness of hollow tube (mm)
W: the width of heavy section (mm)
R: the radius of ring electrode (mm)
In hollow tube of the present invention, preferably in said electrode centers portion, the junction surface that engages with said extraction electrode and near first thinner wall section is set, the wall thickness along other position of Zhou Fangxiang of this electrode centers portion of the wall ratio of said first thinner wall section is little.
In hollow tube of the present invention, the straight line that preferred said first thinner wall section is positioned at the mid point at center that connects said ring electrode and the junction surface that engages with said extraction electrode is the angular range that 10～90 of center is spent.
In hollow tube of the present invention, following formula (3)～(5) are satisfied at other position along Zhou Fangxiang of preferred said first thinner wall section and said electrode centers portion.
t
2＝t
0～5t
0…(3)
t
3＝2t
0～20t
0…(4)
t
3＞t
2…(5)
t
0: the wall thickness of hollow tube (mm)
t
2: the wall thickness of first thinner wall section (mm)
t
3: the wall thickness (mm) along other position of Zhou Fangxiang of electrode centers portion
In hollow tube of the present invention, preferred so that the junction surface that engages with said hollow tube of said electrode centers portion and near spread all over and full week second thinner wall section be set, the wall thickness at other position of this electrode centers portion of the wall ratio of said second thinner wall section is little.
In hollow tube of the present invention, preferred said ring electrode and said extraction electrode are more than 110 degree and less than 180 degree at the engagement end portion angulation.
In hollow tube of the present invention, the difference of the wall thickness of the said ring electrode at place, preferred junction surface and the wall thickness of said extraction electrode is thicker below 50% of a wall thickness in the wall thickness of wall thickness and said extraction electrode of said ring electrode.
In addition, the present invention provides a kind of glass manufacturing apparatus, wherein, uses the conduit of above-mentioned hollow tube as melten glass.
In addition, the present invention provides a kind of vacuum degassing apparatus, wherein, uses the conduit of above-mentioned hollow tube as melten glass.
In addition, the present invention provides a kind of method that above-mentioned hollow tube is switched on and heated.
In addition, the present invention provides a kind of glass-making processes, comprises the operation that makes melten glass flow to the conduit of glass manufacturing apparatus, wherein, uses above-mentioned hollow tube as said conduit.
Hollow tube with hollow tube of platinum or platinum alloy system of the present invention, heating is crossed in the part of the electrode of the heating usefulness that can prevent to switch on.Therefore, can prevent the to switch on electrode of heating usefulness is damaged because of thermal stresses.
Glass manufacturing apparatus of the present invention and vacuum degassing apparatus use the conduit of hollow tube of the present invention as melten glass, and therefore, the electrode of the heating usefulness that can prevent to switch on is damaged because of thermal stresses.When the electrode of energising heating usefulness is damaged, can not therefore, between the conduit of melten glass and melten glass, produce temperature head, be difficult to make glass the conduit energising heating of melten glass.But in glass manufacturing apparatus of the present invention and vacuum degassing apparatus, this problem is solved.In addition, especially effective for glass manufacturing apparatus that possibly flow through very large electric current for heating and vacuum degassing apparatus.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereographic map of an embodiment of the hollow tube of the hollow tube of expression with platinum of the present invention or platinum alloy system;
Fig. 2 be from directly over see the synoptic diagram of the hollow tube shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the figure same with Fig. 2, the position relation at the center of expression connection electrodes 2 and the straight line of junction surface mid point 25 and position 22;
Fig. 4 is provided with the stereographic map of energising heating with the existing platinum system hollow tube of electrode.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to description of drawings the present invention.Fig. 1 is the stereographic map of an embodiment of the hollow tube of the hollow tube of expression with platinum of the present invention or platinum alloy system.
Among Fig. 1, hollow tube 1 is the hollow cylinder pipe of platinum or platinum alloy system.Periphery joint at hollow tube 1 has electrode 2.Electrode 2 is to have the ring electrode that is used for inserting to its center the hole of hollow tube 1, and its profile is circular.Electrode 2 is platinum or platinum alloy system.Electrode 2 engages with the upper end of hollow tube 1.In Fig. 1, the wall thickness distinct portions of electrode 2 is represented with different shading.
Outer rim joint at electrode 2 is useful on the extraction electrode 3,4 that is connected with external power source (not shown). Extraction electrode 3,4 engagement position respect to one another on the outer rim of electrode 2.Become the fan shape of width expansion near the junction surface of extraction electrode 3,4 and electrode 2.Under the situation to hollow tube 1 energising heating, extraction electrode 3,4 is connected with external power source (not shown) and applies electric current to the direction of arrow.
Fig. 2 be from directly over see the synoptic diagram of the hollow tube of Fig. 1.In Fig. 2, the ring electrode 2 that engages with the periphery of hollow tube 1 is made up of with the heavy section 21 that is arranged at these electrode centers portion 20 outsides electrode centers portion 20.Among Fig. 2, electrode centers portion 20 and heavy section 21 all are platinum or platinum alloy system.Heavy section 21 spreads all over the full week of ring electrode 2 and is provided with, and the wall thickness of its wall ratio electrode centers portion 20 is big.The resistance of the metallic substance of platinum or platinum alloy and so on and the unit cross-sectional area of this material are inversely proportional.Therefore, the resistance ratio electrode centers portion 20 of heavy section 21 is little.Therefore, can not flow to electrode centers portion 20, but shown in arrow b, disperse and flow through heavy section 21 along the circumferential direction of electrode 2 through the shortest path shown in the arrow a from the electric current of extraction electrode 3,4.Its result can prevent to concentrate to the shortest path shown in the arrow a from the electric current of extraction electrode 3,4.Below; In this manual; The shortest path from the electric current of extraction electrode 3,4 shown in the arrow a is called " shortest path shown in the arrow a ", in electrode 2, electric current is concentrated to the shortest path shown in the arrow a be called " electric current is concentrated to the shortest path shown in the arrow a ".
In hollow tube of the present invention, prevent that as much as possible electric current from concentrating to the shortest path shown in the arrow a, the width of heavy section 21 and wall thickness are not special to be limited, and can suitably select according to the wall thickness at other position of the size of electrode 2 and electrode 2 etc.But heavy section 21 preferably satisfies following formula (1) and formula (2).
t
1＝t
0～20t
0…(1)
w＝0.02r～0.3r…(2)
In the formula (1), t
1Be the wall thickness (mm) of heavy section 21, t
0It is the wall thickness (mm) of hollow tube 1.In the formula (2), w is the width (mm) of heavy section 21, and r is the radius (mm) of electrode 2.As long as heavy section 21 satisfies above-mentioned formula (1) and (2), just can prevent effectively that electric current is concentrated to the shortest path shown in the arrow a.In addition, in the present invention, t
1=t
0～20t
0Expression t
0≤t
1≤20t
0, in addition, w=0.02r～0.3r representes 0.02r≤w≤0.3r, same representation is represented the same therewith meaning.
t
1＝2t
0～15t
0…(6)
w＝0.05r～0.2r…(7)
Hollow tube of the present invention is characterized by, and the ring electrode 2 that engages with the periphery of hollow tube 1 is made up of with the heavy section 21 that is arranged at the outside of this electrode centers portion 20 electrode centers portion 20, and the formation of the following stated is an integrant arbitrarily.But hollow tube of the present invention preferably has the formation of the following stated.
Among Fig. 2, in electrode centers portion 20, be provided with wall thickness different at different position and different 22,23 along its circumferential direction.Particularly, with junction surface that engages with extraction electrode 3,4 and near the position that contacts 22 thereof become wall ratio along other position of the circumferential direction of electrode centers portion 20 23 littler thinner wall section (first thinner wall section).Wall ratio through making the position 22 that comprises the shortest path shown in the arrow a is littler along other position 23 of the circumferential direction of electrode 2, can prevent further that electric current is concentrated to the shortest path shown in the arrow a.
As stated, the unit cross-sectional area of the resistance of the metallic substance of platinum or platinum alloy and so on and this material is inversely proportional.Therefore, the resistance ratio position 23 at position 22 is big.Therefore, 22 disperse from the position via heavy section 21 from the electric current of extraction electrode 3,4 to position 23.Its result can prevent that electric current is concentrated to the shortest path shown in the arrow a.
Following formula (3)～(5) are preferably satisfied at position 22 and position 23.
t
2＝t
0～5t
0…(3)
t
3＝2t
0～20t
0…(4)
t
3＞t
2…(5)
t
0: the wall thickness of hollow tube 1 (mm)
t
2: the wall thickness at position 22 (mm)
t
3: the wall thickness at position 23 (mm)
If above-mentioned formula (3)～(5) are satisfied at position 22 and position 23, then can make from the electric current of extraction electrode 3,4 and 22 spread fully from the position to position 23 via heavy section 21.Its result can prevent effectively that electric current is concentrated to the shortest path shown in the arrow a.In addition, consider the wall thickness t of preferred above-mentioned heavy section 21 from electric current dispersion aspect
1Compare t
3Greatly.
Following formula (8)～(10) are more preferably satisfied at position 22 and position 23.
t
2＝2t
0～5t
0…(8)
t
3＝3t
0～10t
0…(9)
t
3＝1.2t
2～3t
2…(10)
In Fig. 2, electrode centers portion 20 further in junction surface all sides, that engage with hollow tube 1 and near, spread all over the littler thinner wall section (second thinner wall section) 24 in other position (position 22,23) that is provided with wall ratio electrode centers portion 20 full week.Through the junction surface that engages with hollow tube 1 and near spread all over and full week thinner wall section 24 be set, can prevent further that electric current from concentrating to the shortest path shown in the arrow a.
As stated, the unit cross-sectional area of the resistance of the metallic substance of platinum or platinum alloy and this material is inversely proportional.Therefore, the resistance ratio of thinner wall section 24 is positioned at position 22,23 bigger of outer circumferential side.Therefore, 22,23 disperseed at the position before through thinner wall section 24 through the electric current of heavy sections 21 from extraction electrode 3,4.Its result can prevent that electric current is concentrated to the shortest path shown in the arrow a.
As long as obtain above-mentioned desirable effect; Then the width of thinner wall section 24 and wall thickness just do not have special qualification, can be according to the size of electrode 2, especially be arranged at electrode 2 the center the hole size, electrode centers portion 20 other position wall thickness and suitably select.But thinner wall section 24 preferably satisfies following formula (11)～(13).
t
4＝0.7t
0～2t
0…(11)
w
1＝0.05r
1～0.5r
1…(12)
t
4＜t
2＜t
3…(13)
In the formula (11), t
4Be the wall thickness (mm) of thinner wall section 24, t
0It is the wall thickness (mm) of hollow tube 1.In the formula (12), w
1Be the width (mm) of thinner wall section 24, r
1It is the radius (mm) in hole that is arranged at the center of electrode 2.As long as thinner wall section 24 satisfies above-mentioned formula (11)～(13), just can bring into play the effect of thinner wall section 24 ideally.
Among Fig. 2, near the fan shape of the width expansion the junction surface that the shape of extraction electrode 3,4 is with electrode 2 engages, thus, electrode 2 is more than 110 degree and less than 180 degree with extraction electrode 3,4 at the angle beta that engagement end portion constitutes.Angle beta is set at the above less than of 110 degree 180 degree, and heating is crossed in the part that can alleviate the junction surface that electrode 2 engages with extraction electrode 3,4, so preferably.
When the metallic substance of platinum or platinum alloy and so on is switched on, on the sectional area of this material position jumpy, owing to the local heating of crossing takes place current concentration.
The engagement end portion that junction surface, the especially electrode 2 of electrode 2 and extraction electrode 3,4 joints and extraction electrode 3,4 engage is the position that sectional area changes.Under the situation of angle beta less than 110 degree, sharply change at the engagement end portion sectional area, therefore, the local mistake heated remarkable the generation.Angle beta is set under the above situation of 110 degree, and the variation of the sectional area of engagement end portion is steady, and therefore, the generation of heating is crossed in the part that can alleviate engagement end portion.In order to cross heating in the part that fully alleviates engagement end portion, optimized angle β is above and less than 180 degree of 120 degree, more preferably above and less than 180 degree of 130 degree.
According to as above reason, the junction surface that electrode 2 and extraction electrode 3,4 engage is preferably set to sectional area does not have structure jumpy.Therefore, preferably the difference between the wall thickness of the wall thickness of junction surface electrode 2 and extraction electrode 3,4 is as much as possible little.The wall thickness of the wall thickness of the electrode 2 at junction surface and extraction electrode 3,4 poor is preferably thicker below 50% of a wall thickness in the wall thickness of wall thickness and extraction electrode 3,4 of electrode 2, more preferably below 30%.In addition, the wall thickness of the electrode 2 at preferred junction surface is identical in fact with the wall thickness of extraction electrode 3,4.
In addition, be preferably set to sectional area too in each boundary portion of heavy section 21, position 22, position 23 and thinner wall section 24 and do not have structure jumpy.
Among Fig. 1,1 expression has cylindrical duct as hollow tube, and still, the shape of hollow tube is not limited to this.For example, cross-sectional shape also can be elliptical shape or polygonal shape such as tetragon, hexagon, octagon.
In addition, in Fig. 1, representing to have profile as ring electrode 2 is circular electrode, and still, the profile of ring electrode is not limited to this.For example, profile also can be elliptical shape or polygonal shape such as tetragon, hexagon, octagon.
In addition, among Fig. 1, ring electrode 2 engages with the upper end of hollow tube 1, and still, the position that on hollow tube, engages ring electrode is not limited to this.For example, also can near the centre of the length direction of hollow tube, engage ring electrode.
In addition, the quantity of the ring electrode that engages with hollow tube is also unqualified, also can two or more ring electrodes be engaged with hollow tube.
In addition, among Fig. 1, on ring electrode 2, two extraction electrodes 3,4 are in engagement position respect to one another, and still, the position that the quantity of the extraction electrode that engages with ring electrode and extraction electrode engage with ring electrode is not limited to this.For example, the quantity of extraction electrode also can be one, also can be more than 3.
In addition, in the present invention, the heavy section 21 of ring electrode 2 also can use metallic substance except platinum and platinum alloy (below, be called " other metallic substance ") to make.Under this situation, the heavy section 21 of other metallic substance system is arranged in the arranged outside of the electrode centers portion 20 of platinum or platinum alloy system.
Other metallic substance that constitutes heavy section 21 can extensively be selected from the metallic substance of thermotolerance and excellent electric conductivity.As the concrete example of other metallic substance, can enumerate: copper, rhodium, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, palladium, iron, chromium and contain the alloy material of these metals.
In these metallic substance, preferred rhodium, copper and contain the alloy material of these metals.Heavy section 21 is by copper or contain under the situation that the alloy material of copper constitutes, and heavy section 21 also can be a hollow structure.Under the situation of the heavy section 21 of use hollow structure, can make air or current logical, electrode 2 is carried out air cooling or water-cooled in the inside of heavy section 21.Electrode 2 is carried out air cooling or water-cooled, cross the viewpoint of heating from the part that prevents electrode 2 and consider it is preferred.Heavy section 21 is under the situation of hollow structure, on the junction surface that electrode 2 and extraction electrode 3,4 engage, also the heavy section 21 of processing hollow structure can be set.Do not have structure jumpy for the junction surface being set at sectional area, it would be better to preferably on the junction surface that electrode 2 and extraction electrode 3,4 engage, the heavy section 21 of processing hollow structure not to be set.
In addition, heavy section 21 is under the situation of other metallic substance system, and electrode centers portion 20 makes respectively with heavy section 21, gets final product through welded joint.
In the present invention, the size of hollow tube, ring electrode and extraction electrode does not have special qualification yet.For example, when being example with Fig. 1 and hollow tube 1 shown in Figure 2, the following scope of gravel size decision of hollow tube 1, electrode 2 and extraction electrode 3,4.
(hollow tube 1)
Radius d:25～400mm, more preferably 40～300mm
Length: 200～8000mm, more preferably 400～3000mm
The thick t of meat
0: 0.2～5mm, more preferably 0.4～4mm
(electrode 2)
Radius r: 40～800mm, more preferably 50～500mm
Width w:3～the 300mm of heavy section 21, more preferably 5～100mm
The width at position 22,23: 10～500mm, more preferably 20～200mm
The width w of thinner wall section 24
1: 5～100mm, more preferably 5～40mm
The wall thickness t of heavy section 21
1: 2～20mm, more preferably 4～15mm
The wall thickness t at position 22
2: 0.8～20mm, more preferably 1～5mm
The wall thickness t at position 23
3: 1.2～25mm, more preferably 2～20mm
The wall thickness t of thinner wall section 24
4: 0.2～10mm, more preferably 0.4～5mm
(extraction electrode 3,4)
Width (removing the segmental amplifier section): 10～300mm, more preferably 4～15mm
Wall thickness t:1～20mm, more preferably 4～15mm
In the present invention, hollow tube 1 and ring electrode 2 are main constituent material with platinum.Therefore, be not limited to only platinum is set at constituent material, also can platinum alloy be set at constituent material.As the concrete example of platinum alloy, can enumerate platinum-au-alloy, platinum-rhodium alloy.In addition, also can be MOX to be scattered in platinum or the platinum alloy and the reinforcement platinum that constitutes.Be called in this manual under the situation of platinum or platinum alloy system, also comprise the situation of the reinforcement platinum system that MOX is scattered in platinum or the platinum alloy and constitutes.In strengthening platinum,, can enumerate with Al as the dispersive MOX
2O
3Or ZrO
2Or Y
2O
3MOX for IIIB family, IVB family or IIIA family in the periodic table of elements of representative.
Use under the situation of hollow tube of the present invention as the conduit of melten glass, interior all sides (thinner wall section 24 of electrode centers portion 20 shown in Figure 2) that the hollow tube that melten glass passes through reaches the electrode centers portion that engages with hollow tube are extra high high temperature.Therefore, use the platinum alloy of platinum-au-alloy or platinum-rhodium alloy and so on or MOX is scattered in the platinum alloy and the reinforcement platinum that constitutes in interior all side of hollow tube and electrode centers portion, its excellent heat resistance, therefore preferred.But the platinum alloy of platinum-au-alloy, platinum-rhodium alloy and so on is the material of high price.And it is big that these platinum alloy and platinum are compared resistance, and therefore, heating is big when energising.Therefore; Preferably: in interior all sides of electrode centers portion, be under the situation of electrode centers portion 20 as shown in Figure 2; Only use platinum alloy or MOX is scattered in the platinum alloy and the reinforcement platinum that constitutes, use platinum at other position of electrode centers portion or MOX is scattered in the platinum and the reinforcement platinum that constitutes in thinner wall section 24.Use under the situation of platinum at interior all side use platinum alloy of electrode centers portion and at other position, both independently process respectively and get final product through welded joint.
The material of formation extraction electrode 3, the 4 preferably material with the heavy section 21 that constitutes extraction electrode 2 is identical.At heavy section 21 is under the situation of platinum or platinum alloy system, and preferred extraction electrode 3,4 also is platinum or platinum alloy system.On the other hand, be under the situation of other metallic substance system at heavy section 21, preferred extraction electrode 3,4 also carries out illustrative situation as other metallic substance.But being not limited thereto, is under the situation of platinum or platinum alloy system at heavy section 21, and extraction electrode 3,4 also can be other metallic substance system, is under the situation of metallic substance system at heavy section 21, and extraction electrode 3,4 also can be platinum or platinum alloy system.
In the present invention, in the joint of the joint of hollow tube and ring electrode and ring electrode and extraction electrode, can use known method.Hollow tube and ring electrode can engage through for example welding.The joint of ring electrode and extraction electrode also preferably uses welding, still, also can use the mechanical interface method based on setting tools such as bolt, screws.
In glass manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the conduit of the melten glass that passes through as the pyritous melten glass uses hollow tube of the present invention.In glass manufacturing apparatus of the present invention,, can enumerate vacuum deaerator groove, upcast and the downtake of vacuum degassing apparatus as the concrete example at the position of using hollow tube of the present invention.In addition, also can be used as and be used for removing impurity and the outlet pipe that is provided with, under the situation of optical elements such as molded lens and prism, being used for flowing out to the mould of shaping usefulness the uses such as outlet pipe of melten glass from glass manufacturing apparatus from glass manufacturing apparatus.
Glass manufacturing apparatus of the present invention uses the conduit of hollow tube of the present invention as melten glass, and therefore, the electrode of the heating usefulness that can prevent to switch on is damaged because of thermal stresses.When the electrode breakage of usefulness is heated in energising, can not therefore, between the conduit of melten glass and melten glass, produce temperature head, make glass and become difficult the conduit energising heating of melten glass.But in glass manufacturing apparatus of the present invention and vacuum degassing apparatus, this problem is disengaged.
Embodiment
Below, utilize embodiment to further specify the present invention.
(embodiment 1)
In the present embodiment, made Fig. 1～hollow tube shown in Figure 3.But, also engage the electrode of processing with the same shape of Fig. 22 in the lower end of hollow tube 1, on electrode 2, engage extraction electrode 3,4.In addition, each integrant is passed through welded joint each other.The size and the constituent material of each integrant are following.
(hollow tube 1)
Radius d:61mm
Length: 650mm
The thick t of meat
0: 0.5mm
Constituent material: platinum-rhodium alloy (platinum 90 quality %, rhodium 10 quality %)
(ring electrode 2)
Radius r: 150mm
The width w:10mm of heavy section 21
The width at position 22,23: 60mm
The width w of thinner wall section 24
1: 20mm
The wall thickness t of heavy section 21
1: 8mm
The wall thickness t at position 22
2: 2mm
The wall thickness t at position 23
3: 4mm
The wall thickness t of thinner wall section 24
4: 0.5mm
Angle [alpha]: 110 degree
Constituent material: thinner wall section 24 is platinum-rhodium alloy (platinum 90 quality %, rhodium 10 quality %) system, and other position is a platinum system.Thinner wall section 24 is passed through welded joint with other position.
(extraction electrode 3,4)
Width (removing the segmental amplifier section): 40mm
Wall thickness: 8mm
Angle beta: 120 degree
Constituent material: platinum-rhodium alloy (platinum 90 quality %, rhodium 10 quality %)
With the electrode 2 of the upper end side of hollow tube 1 is that the electrode 2 of the lower end side of side of the positive electrode, hollow tube 1 is the mode of negative side, extraction electrode 3,4 is connected with external power source, and by following condition energising heating.
Voltage: 10V
Electric current: 800A
Heat-up time: 10 hours
During the temperature of the electrode 2 when the use heat galvanic couple is observed the energising heating, do not find the significant local heating of crossing.
(comparative example 1)
Same with embodiment 1, be produced on the hollow tube that top and bottom engage has electrode and extraction electrode.But electrode 2 is processed wall thickness certain (1mm).When switching on heating equally, find the significant local heating of crossing at the shortest path shown in the arrow a of electrode 2 with embodiment 1.In addition, after two hours, near the shortest path shown in the arrow a of electrode 2, dissolve, become and to switch on from energising heating beginning.
Utilizability in the industry
Hollow tube with hollow tube of platinum of the present invention or platinum alloy system, the vacuum deaerator groove, upcast or the downtake that can be used as vacuum degassing apparatus use.In addition, hollow tube of the present invention also can be used as and is used for removing impurity and the outlet pipe that is provided with, under the situation of optical elements such as molded lens and prism, being used for flowing out to the mould of shaping usefulness from glass manufacturing apparatus the uses such as outlet pipe of melten glass from glass manufacturing apparatus.
In addition, quote the full content of Japanese patent application 2005-169169 number specification sheets, claim, accompanying drawing and summary of application on June 9th, 2005, be used as the open of specification sheets of the present invention at this.
Claims (15)
1. hollow tube, the purposes of the heating that is used to switch on, the hollow tube with platinum or platinum alloy system is characterized in that,
Periphery joint at said hollow tube has ring electrode,
Outer rim joint at said ring electrode has one or more extraction electrode,
Said ring electrode is made up of with the platinum that is arranged at this electrode centers portion outside or the heavy section of platinum alloy system the electrode centers portion of platinum or platinum alloy system.
2. hollow tube, the purposes of the heating that is used to switch on, the hollow tube with platinum or platinum alloy system is characterized in that,
Periphery joint at said hollow tube has ring electrode,
Outer rim joint at said ring electrode has one or more extraction electrode,
Said ring electrode is made up of the electrode centers portion of platinum or platinum alloy system and the heavy section of platinum that is arranged at this electrode centers portion outside and the metallic substance system beyond the platinum alloy.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 hollow tube, wherein, said heavy section spreads all over the full week of said ring electrode and is provided with.
4. like each described hollow tube in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that said heavy section satisfies following formula (1), (2):
t
1＝t
0～20t
0…(1)
w＝0.02r～0.3r…(2)
t
1: the wall thickness of heavy section (mm)
t
0: the wall thickness of hollow tube (mm)
W: the width of heavy section (mm)
R: the radius of ring electrode (mm).
5. like each described hollow tube in the claim 1～4; Wherein, In said electrode centers portion; The junction surface that engages with said extraction electrode and near be provided with first thinner wall section, the wall thickness along other position of Zhou Fangxiang of this electrode centers portion of the wall ratio of said first thinner wall section is little.
6. hollow tube as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the straight line that said first thinner wall section is positioned at the mid point at center that connects said ring electrode and the junction surface that engages with said extraction electrode is the angular range of 10～90 degree at center.
7. like claim 5 or 6 described hollow tubes, it is characterized in that following formula (3)～(5) are satisfied at other position along Zhou Fangxiang of said first thinner wall section and said electrode centers portion:
t
2＝t
0～5t
0…(3)
t
3＝2t
0～20t
0…(4)
t
3＞t
2…(5)
t
0: the wall thickness of hollow tube (mm)
t
2: the wall thickness of first thinner wall section (mm)
t
3: the wall thickness (mm) along other position of Zhou Fangxiang of electrode centers portion.
8. like each described hollow tube in the claim 1～7; Wherein, And then, the junction surface that engages with said hollow tube of said electrode centers portion and near spread all over and full week second thinner wall section be set, the wall thickness at other position of this electrode centers portion of the wall ratio of said second thinner wall section is little.
9. hollow tube as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, said second thinner wall section satisfies following formula (11)～(13):
t
4＝0.7t
0～2t
0…(11)
w
1＝0.05r
1～0.5r
1…(12)
t
4＜t
2＜t
3…(13)
t
4: the wall thickness of second thinner wall section (mm)
t
0: the wall thickness of hollow tube (mm)
w
1: the width of second thinner wall section (mm)
r
1: the radius (mm) that is arranged at the hole of electrode centers.
10. like each described hollow tube in the claim 1～9, wherein, said ring electrode and said extraction electrode are more than 110 degree and less than 180 degree at the engagement end portion angulation.
11. like each described hollow tube in the claim 1～10; Wherein, the difference of the wall thickness of the wall thickness of the said ring electrode at junction surface place and said extraction electrode is thicker below 50% of a wall thickness in the wall thickness of wall thickness and said extraction electrode of said ring electrode.
12. a glass manufacturing apparatus, wherein, each described hollow tube is as the conduit of melten glass in the use claim 1～11.
13. a vacuum degassing apparatus, wherein, each described hollow tube is as the conduit of melten glass in the use claim 1～11.
14. method that each described hollow tube in the claim 1～11 is switched on and heated.
15. a glass-making processes comprises the operation that makes melten glass flow to the conduit of glass manufacturing apparatus, wherein, each described hollow tube is as said conduit in the use claim 1～11.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105027638A CN102442759A (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2010-09-30 | Glass manufacturing device and component thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105027638A CN102442759A (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2010-09-30 | Glass manufacturing device and component thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102442759A true CN102442759A (en) | 2012-05-09 |
Family
ID=46005754
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105027638A Pending CN102442759A (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2010-09-30 | Glass manufacturing device and component thereof |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107646022A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2018-01-30 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Apparatus and method for heating metal container |
| US10800695B2 (en) | 2015-10-21 | 2020-10-13 | Corning Incorporated | Apparatus and method for heating a metallic vessel |
-
2010
- 2010-09-30 CN CN2010105027638A patent/CN102442759A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107646022A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2018-01-30 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Apparatus and method for heating metal container |
| US10633274B2 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2020-04-28 | Corning Incorporated | Apparatus and method for heating a metallic vessel |
| US10800695B2 (en) | 2015-10-21 | 2020-10-13 | Corning Incorporated | Apparatus and method for heating a metallic vessel |
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Application publication date: 20120509 |