CN102436410B - On-line storage method of virtual machine inspection point - Google Patents

On-line storage method of virtual machine inspection point Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102436410B
CN102436410B CN 201110410748 CN201110410748A CN102436410B CN 102436410 B CN102436410 B CN 102436410B CN 201110410748 CN201110410748 CN 201110410748 CN 201110410748 A CN201110410748 A CN 201110410748A CN 102436410 B CN102436410 B CN 102436410B
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virtual machine
memory
page
copy
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CN102436410A (en
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金海�
廖小飞
刘海坤
马博
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides an on-line storage method of a virtual machine inspection point, comprising the following steps of: building the increment inspection point file, stopping the execution of the virtual machine; storing the configuring information, the virtual central processing unit (CPU) state and the appliance state in the increment inspection point file; copying the dirty bitmap of the virtual machine so as to obtain a temporary transcript, and canceling a shadow memory model of the virtual machine administrator and starting the shadow memory model so that the memory page of the virtual machine is located in the write-protecting state; setting/clearing the dirt bitmap of the virtual machine, awakening the virtual machine; copying the memory dirt page in the virtual machine according to the temporary transcript of the dirt page bitmap so as to store the buffer data in the inspection point file. The invention can achieve the light weight of the virtual machine inspection point and the transparency for the application.

Description

The online store method of virtual machine inspection point
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fault-tolerant and fault recovery technology of virtual machine, more particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of online store method of virtual machine inspection point.
Background technology
The checkpoint refers to an image file of instantaneous state information in preservation process or the system's operational process, certain state of operation before can rolling back to system by it according to certain demand.Because traditional checkpoint and the software and hardware of system all exist closely-coupled relation, thereby have limited the application of checkpoint, such as the dual computer fault-tolerant between process migration, system debug, heterogeneous system etc.Intel Virtualization Technology provides new thinking and pattern for the realization of systems inspection point, the encapsulation that virtual machine is good and isolation are so that realize more simple and flexible based on the system-level checkpoint of virtual machine, simultaneously also eliminate traditional checkpoint for the dependence of leaving over of host operating system, had better movability.
Yet the encapsulation that virtual machine is good has also caused the granularity of virtual machine inspection point huger.All be to adopt the mode of Core Dump (Core dump) to preserve in the situation of memory mirror of virtual machine in the realization of current virtual machine inspection point, the large young pathbreaker of checkpoint is depended on the memory size of current virtual machine configuration, and the time of Save and restore checkpoint is linear growth with the checkpoint size simultaneously.Under the working set of application program was not very large situation, this implementation was owing to having preserved a large amount of garbage in the memory mirror size of virtual machine, and it is very large causing the expense of the memory mirror size of preserving whole virtual machines.In addition, when needs when Checkpointing satisfies high reliability and uses frequently, current virtual machine inspection point all is all to preserve complete virtual machine snapshot at every turn, and does not consider the relevance between the checkpoint to cause googol according to redundancy and time overhead.At last, current virtual machine inspection point needs to suspend the execution of virtual machine in preserving the internal memory process, and application programs lacks the transparency, and has interrupted network connection, greatly reduces the availability of virtual machine.Use the checkpoint pattern of " stopping-copying " pattern or even unacceptable for some key that need to continue network connection.
In sum, current virtual machine inspection point causes the expense of Save and restore large because granularity is larger, and lacks the transparency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of online store method of virtual machine inspection point, it can realize lightweight and the transparency to using of virtual machine inspection point.
The present invention is achieved in the following ways:
A kind of online store method of virtual machine end-to-end point; may further comprise the steps: the storage space of applying for external memory storage according to the memory mirror size of virtual machine; and establishment check point file; memory mirror size according to virtual machine is set up the free page bitmap; dirty web page bitmap; copied web page bitmap; page cache in the memory mirror of emptying virtual machine; memory mirror size with the squeezing virtual machine; stop the execution of virtual machine; and the configuration information of preservation virtual machine; virtual cpu state and equipment state; the page table descriptors table of scanning virtual machine; with the free memory page in the memory mirror of finding out virtual machine; and it is recorded in the free page bitmap; judge whether virtual machine manager is under the shadow EMS memory pattern; if virtual machine manager is not under the shadow EMS memory pattern; then open the shadow EMS memory pattern of virtual machine manager; dirty page or leaf bitmap is carried out the set zero clearing; and the memory pages that makes virtual machine is in the write-protect state; wake virtual machine up; the space-time proximity principle of utilizing copy-on-write mechanism and program to carry out is preserved the memory mirror of virtual machine: according to the memory pages number copy memory pages of virtual machine in check point file; and utilize the free page bitmap to get rid of idle memory pages; the I/O buffer zone of emptying checkpoint save routine is to be saved in buffered data in the check point file.
Online store method of the present invention also comprises step: if virtual machine manager is under the shadow EMS memory pattern; then cancel first the shadow EMS memory pattern; enter again the shadow EMS memory pattern of opening virtual machine manager; dirty page or leaf bitmap is carried out the set zero clearing, and make the memory pages of virtual machine be in the step of write-protect state.
The page table descriptors table of scanning virtual machine, step with the free memory page in the memory mirror of finding out virtual machine also comprises: during free page in detecting the memory mirror of virtual machine, the memory mirror of virtual machine is mapped to the address space of management domain, find the start address of virtual machine page descriptor table by the Physical Page frame number of virtual machine, the page descriptor table of record internal storage state information in the traversal virtual machine kernel, judge by the reference count of each memory pages whether memory pages has been assigned with and is in the use state, if the reference count of memory pages is 0, represent that then this memory pages is in unused state, relevant position at the free page bitmap puts 1, otherwise, continue the scan page descriptor table until finish.
The step that the space-time proximity principle of utilizing copy-on-write mechanism and program to carry out is preserved the memory mirror of virtual machine also comprises: initialization copy fulcrum is that the Physical Page frame number is 0 position; and the side-play amount that index point is set is 0; whether judge has memory pages to be modified and whether its dirty page or leaf bit flag is 0 in the virtual machine; if then copy immediately this memory pages to the copy-on-write buffer zone; copied mark position 1; removing is to the write-protect of this memory pages; permission is upgraded it; dirty page or leaf bit flag position 1; and arrange this memory pages for the copy new fulcrum; copied index pointer offset amount resets to 1; if not then calculate left pointer and the right indicator index value of copy fulcrum; whether the page that the left and right sides pointer of judgement copy fulcrum is corresponding does not copy and is busy; if then copy this memory pages to check point file; copied mark position 1; removing is to the write-protect of this memory pages; the index point side-play amount of copy adds 1; if not, then return and judge whether have memory pages to be modified in the described virtual machine and whether its dirty page or leaf bit flag is 0 step.
Online store method is asynchronous procedure, and it only preserves the information except memory mirror when virtual machine is shut down, reactivate the rear memory mirror that just begins to preserve until virtual machine.
A kind of online store method of virtual machine incremental checkpoint; may further comprise the steps: create the incremental checkpoint file; stop the execution of virtual machine; preserve the configuration information of virtual machine; virtual cpu state and equipment state are in the incremental checkpoint file; the dirty page or leaf bitmap of copy virtual machine is to obtain interim copy; and the shadow EMS memory pattern of cancellation virtual machine manager is opened the shadow EMS memory pattern again; so that the memory pages of virtual machine all is in the write-protect state; and the dirty page or leaf bitmap of virtual machine carried out the set zero clearing; wake virtual machine up; according to the dirty page or leaf of internal memory in the interim copy copy virtual machine of dirty page or leaf bitmap; utilize the shadow EMS memory pattern to follow the trail of the memory pages that upgraded in the virtual machine; and record the memory pages of renewal with dirty page or leaf bitmap data structure; the I/O buffer zone of emptying virtual machine is to be saved in buffered data in the check point file.
Compare with existing checkpoint technology, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) lightweight
What virtual machine inspection point was preserved is an encapsulation of whole operating system and application program, and granularity is larger.The checkpoint overhead that the preservation memory mirror reaches the virtual machine of hundreds of MB even several GB is undoubtedly very huge.The virtual machine inspection point that the present invention realizes can squeeze the storage space of memory mirror, only preserves the minimum working set that needs when virtual machine recovers to carry out, and has greatly reduced to preserve time and the space expense of checkpoint.
(2) transparency is good
The preservation process of current virtual machine inspection point generally adopts the pattern of " stopping-copying ", and the time that virtual machine interrupts carrying out equals to preserve the T.T. of whole checkpoint, and this will reduce the availability of virtual machine greatly, particularly may the interrupt network service.The present invention has designed the mechanism of copy-on-write and has preserved the memory mirror data of virtual machine, thereby makes the process application programs of preserving the checkpoint transparent, need not interrupt all services of virtual machine, has strengthened the availability of virtual machine.
(3) versatility is good
The present invention is the generic principles of optimizing the checkpoint performance, and it not only is applicable to verification platform Xen of the present invention, and is applicable to other most virtual platforms, and such as VMware, KVM etc. have good versatility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the online store method of virtual machine end-to-end point of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of step (5) in the online store method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of step (10) in the online store method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the online store method of virtual machine incremental checkpoint of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the online store method of virtual machine end-to-end point may further comprise the steps:
(1) applies for the storage space of external memory storage according to the memory mirror size of virtual machine, and create check point file;
(2) set up free page bitmap, dirty web page bitmap, copy web page bitmap according to the memory mirror size of virtual machine;
(3) page cache in the memory mirror of emptying virtual machine is with the memory mirror size of squeezing virtual machine;
(4) stop the execution of virtual machine, and preserve configuration information, virtual cpu state and the equipment state of virtual machine;
(5) the page table descriptors table of scanning virtual machine with the free memory page in the memory mirror of finding out virtual machine, and is recorded in it in free page bitmap;
(6) judge whether virtual machine manager is under the shadow EMS memory pattern, if virtual machine manager is under the shadow EMS memory pattern, then enter step (7), otherwise enter step (8);
(7) cancellation shadow EMS memory pattern;
(8) the shadow EMS memory pattern of unlatching virtual machine manager is carried out the set zero clearing to dirty page or leaf bitmap, and is made the memory pages of virtual machine be in the write-protect state;
(9) wake virtual machine up;
(10) the space-time proximity principle of utilizing copy-on-write mechanism and program to carry out is preserved the memory mirror of virtual machine: in check point file, and utilize the free page bitmap to get rid of idle memory pages according to the memory pages number copy memory pages of virtual machine;
(11) the I/O buffer zone of emptying checkpoint save routine is to be saved in buffered data in the check point file.
In step (1), the data structure XenStore that records each virtual machine state information by the inquiry virtual machine manager obtains the memory mirror size of the virtual machine that is about to preserve, and creates check point file.
In step (2), utilize the memory mirror size of the virtual machine that obtains in the step (1) to create free page bitmap, dirty web page bitmap, copy the web page bitmap data structure, each in the bitmap identifies the state of a memory pages with " 0 " or " 1 ".The free page bitmap is used for the free memory page of mark virutal machine memory mirror image, identifies the free memory page in the virutal machine memory mirror image by scanning virutal machine memory page table descriptors table; Dirty web page bitmap is used for the memory pages that sign virutal machine memory mirror image was revised, and follows the trail of and identify the memory pages that becomes " dirty " in the virtual machine operational process by the guard-page protection mechanism under the shadow EMS memory pattern; Copy web page bitmap and be used for the memory pages that sign has copied check point file to, when preserving the virutal machine memory mirror image, be used for avoiding repeating to copy memory pages.
In step (3), the invention provides a kind of method of memory mirror storage space of efficient pressing virtual machine.In operating system, when data need to deposit disk in, usually can be put into first in the buffer zone, wait until that the suitable moment writes disk again to raise the efficiency.The sync instrument that the present invention provides by client operating system is first forced the data cached to disk of dump file system, then remove and reclaim page cache in the memory mirror by system tool drop caches, thereby can get rid of the memory pages that is used for buffer memory from the virtual machine inspection point file.
In step (4), the information of preserving under the virtual machine suspended state comprises: the memory configurations size of virtual machine, the position of disk mirroring file, the mapping relations of virtual memory and physical memory, the state of virtual cpu, the value that comprises CR3 and other registers, the status information of peripheral hardware (comprising network interface card, USB device etc.).
As shown in Figure 3, step (5) comprises following substep:
(5.1) during the free page in detecting the memory mirror of virtual machine, the memory mirror of virtual machine is mapped to the address space of management domain;
(5.2) find the start address of virtual machine page descriptor table by the Physical Page frame number of virtual machine;
(5.3) the page descriptor table of record internal storage state information in the traversal virtual machine kernel judges by the reference count of each memory pages whether memory pages has been assigned with and is in the use state;
(5.4) if the reference count of memory pages is 0, represent that then this memory pages is in unused state, put 1 in the relevant position of free page bitmap, otherwise, continue the scan page descriptor table until finish.
In the step (6) of the shadow EMS memory pattern of opening virtual machine manager, (7) and (8); the present invention judges at first whether virtual machine operates under the shadow EMS memory pattern; if then close first and open again it; purpose is dirty page or leaf bitmap is carried out the set zero clearing; and the memory pages that makes virtual machine is in the write-protect state, so as to catch virtual machine when operation to the write operation of memory pages and utilize copy-on-write mechanism to preserve the virutal machine memory mirror image.
In step (10), the present invention has utilized copy-on-write mechanism to preserve the memory mirror of virtual machine, thereby guarantees can not interrupt in this process the operation of virtual machine, and application programs is transparent.Copying memory pages in the process of check point file; if virtual machine will be made amendment to some page and this page or leaf also is not copied into check point file; virtual machine manager will capture page fault; the handling procedure of page fault is about to dirty memory pages to these immediately and copies the copy-on-write buffer zone to; the write-protect sign of these pages is eliminated subsequently; the copy sign then puts 1; later on normal process (namely only have the page is modified for the first time time, this page just can be copied into the copy-on-write buffer zone) is all made in the read-write of this page.In order to reduce the processing expenditure of page fault in the memory copying process, the space-time proximity principle that the present invention utilizes program to carry out reduces the number of times that page fault occurs.As shown in Figure 4, in the time of each generation page fault, all comply with centered by the Physical Page frame number of this one page internal memory, copy the memory pages that closes on, produce page fault because can be modified after these pages are very possible, if they are copied to check point file in advance, so just avoided processing the in the future time of contingent page fault.As shown in Figure 3, step (10) comprises following substep:
(10.1) initialization copy fulcrum is that the Physical Page frame number is 0 position, and the side-play amount that index point is set is 0;
(10.2) judge whether have memory pages to be modified in the virtual machine and whether its dirty page or leaf bit flag is 0; If not then enter step (10.5); If then copy immediately this memory pages to the copy-on-write buffer zone, copied mark position 1;
(10.3) removing allows its renewal the write-protect of this memory pages, dirty page or leaf bit flag position 1;
(10.4) this memory pages is set and is the new fulcrum of copy, the index point side-play amount of copy resets to 1;
(10.5) calculate left pointer and the right indicator index value that copies fulcrum;
Not whether the page that (10.6) left and right sides pointer of judgement copy fulcrum is corresponding copy and busy; If not then turn step (10.8); If then copy this memory pages to check point file, copied mark position 1;
(10.7) removing is to the write-protect of this memory pages;
(10.8) the index point side-play amount of copy adds 1;
Whether all busy memory pages of (10.9) judging virtual machine all copy in the check point file, if not then return step (10.2); Otherwise finish.
As shown in Figure 4, depend on the end-to-end point of virtual machine, the online store method of virtual machine incremental checkpoint of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(I) create the incremental checkpoint file;
(II) stop the execution of virtual machine, preserve configuration information, virtual cpu state and the equipment state of virtual machine in the incremental checkpoint file;
(HI) the dirty page or leaf bitmap of copy virtual machine is to obtain interim copy, and the shadow EMS memory pattern of cancellation virtual machine manager is opened the shadow EMS memory pattern again, so that the memory pages of virtual machine all is in the write-protect state, and the dirty page or leaf bitmap of virtual machine carried out the set zero clearing;
(IV) wake virtual machine up;
(V) according to the dirty page or leaf of internal memory in the interim copy copy virtual machine of dirty page or leaf bitmap;
(VI) utilize the shadow EMS memory pattern to follow the trail of the memory pages that upgraded in the virtual machine, and record the memory pages of renewal with dirty page or leaf bitmap data structure;
(VII) the I/O buffer zone of emptying virtual machine is to be saved in buffered data in the incremental checkpoint file.
In above-mentioned steps (III), middle the present invention utilizes the resist technology of virtual machine page-level to catch the memory pages that those are frequently revised, and is recorded in the dirty page or leaf bitmap data structure.When preserving incremental checkpoint, at first copy the copy of a current dirty page or leaf bitmap, then dirty page or leaf bitmap is cleared, beginning to record needs the memory pages preserved in checkpoint, the checkpoint save routine only copies the memory pages that those were modified according to the dirty page or leaf bitmap copy of copy.
Example:
Below online store method by instantiation explanation virtual machine inspection point of the present invention, experimental situation is a blade server, configures as follows:
Figure BDA0000118658200000071
Need to install the amended Xen 3.4 of the present invention and Linux2.6.18-xen on the physical machine, Domain U and Domain0 share a system kernel, the below is 128MB at the initial memory setting of virtual machine, 256MB, 512MB and 1GB, load is idle Linux, Kernel-building, Apache HTTP server tests respectively the checkpoint performance that the present invention realizes in the situation of Dbench and Memtester.
1. check point file size test
Figure BDA0000118658200000072
Above test shows, the check point file that obtains with the default checkpoint preservation mechanism of Xen almost is equal to the memory mirror size configure size of virtual machine, and the checkpoint technology that the present invention realizes is only preserved the working set of application program in the virtual machine, thereby greatly reduced the size of check point file, proved that virutal machine memory mirror image squeezing that the present invention proposes and the elimination technique of free memory are fruitful.
2. checkpoint holding time test
Figure BDA0000118658200000081
Above test shows, the time of preserving the checkpoint and need with the default checkpointing mechanism of Xen is proportional to the size of check point file, and the present invention is owing to can effectively reduce the size of virtual machine inspection point file, thereby significantly having reduced the time overhead of preserving the checkpoint, this test has verified that further the checkpoint technology of the present invention's realization is for the validity that promotes the virtual machine inspection point performance.
3. virtual machine is preserved test stop time of process
Figure BDA0000118658200000082
Above test shows; the default checkpointing mechanism of Xen is preserved in the process of checkpoint and to be equal to the T.T. of preserving the checkpoint stop time; and the present invention is owing to having used the memory mirror Techniques of preserving of copy-on-write; only need the minibreak virtual machine to preserve the state of CPU so that preserve the process of virtual machine inspection point; and virtual machine has recovered to carry out when preserving memory mirror, thereby has greatly reduced the stop time of virtual machine inspection point.This testing authentication the checkpoint technique guarantee that realizes of the present invention the transparency of application programs, greatly improved the availability of system.
4. virtual machine incremental checkpoint size test
Figure BDA0000118658200000091
In the above test, the virtual machine that moves every kind of load is original allocation 512MB internal memory all, when load is Kernel-Building and Apache HTTP server, the interval time that incremental checkpoint is preserved is longer, the content of the memory mirror size dynamic change of virtual machine is just more, and check point file is just larger, and for Dbench and Memtester, its working set is changeless, thereby the check point file size is with changing interval time.In general, what the virtual machine incremental checkpoint was mainly preserved is the part that dynamically updates of virtual machine working set, has greatly reduced to preserve the expense of end-to-end point, has improved the checkpoint performance.

Claims (5)

1. the online store method of a virtual machine end-to-end point may further comprise the steps:
Apply for the storage space of external memory storage according to the memory mirror size of virtual machine, and create check point file;
Set up free page bitmap, dirty page or leaf bitmap, copy web page bitmap according to the memory mirror size of described virtual machine;
Page cache in the memory mirror of emptying described virtual machine is to squeeze the memory mirror size of described virtual machine;
Stop the execution of described virtual machine, and preserve configuration information, virtual cpu state and the equipment state of described virtual machine;
Scan the page table descriptors table of described virtual machine, with the free memory page in the memory mirror of finding out described virtual machine, and it is recorded in the described free page bitmap;
Judge whether virtual machine manager is under the shadow EMS memory pattern;
If described virtual machine manager is not under the described shadow EMS memory pattern, then open the shadow EMS memory pattern of described virtual machine manager, described dirty page or leaf bitmap is carried out the set zero clearing, and make the memory pages of described virtual machine be in the write-protect state;
Wake described virtual machine up;
The space-time proximity principle of utilizing copy-on-write mechanism and program to carry out is preserved the memory mirror of described virtual machine: in described check point file, and utilize described free page bitmap to get rid of idle memory pages according to the memory pages number copy memory pages of described virtual machine;
The I/O buffer zone of emptying checkpoint save routine is to be saved in buffered data in the described check point file;
If described virtual machine manager is under the shadow EMS memory pattern; then cancel first the shadow EMS memory pattern; enter again the shadow EMS memory pattern of the described virtual machine manager of described unlatching, described dirty page or leaf bitmap is carried out the set zero clearing, and make the memory pages of described virtual machine be in the step of write-protect state.
2. online store method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the page table descriptors table of described scanning virtual machine also comprises with the step of the free memory page in the memory mirror of finding out described virtual machine:
During free page in detecting the memory mirror of described virtual machine, the memory mirror of described virtual machine is mapped to the address space of management domain;
Find the start address of the page table descriptors table of described virtual machine by the Physical Page frame number of described virtual machine;
Travel through in the described virtual machine kernel page table descriptors table of record internal storage state information, judge by the reference count of each memory pages whether described memory pages has been assigned with and is in the use state;
If the reference count of described memory pages is 0, represent that then this memory pages is in unused state, put 1 in the relevant position of free page bitmap, otherwise, continue scanning page table descriptor table until finish.
3. online store method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of preserving the memory mirror of virtual machine according to the described space-time proximity principle of utilizing copy-on-write mechanism and program to carry out also comprises:
Initialization copy fulcrum is that the Physical Page frame number is 0 position, and the side-play amount that index point is set is 0;
Whether judge has memory pages to be modified and whether its dirty page or leaf bit flag is 0 in the described virtual machine; If then copy immediately this memory pages to the copy-on-write buffer zone, copied mark position 1, remove the write-protect to this memory pages, permission is upgraded it, dirty page or leaf bit flag position 1, and the new fulcrum of this memory pages for copying is set, described copied index pointer offset amount resets to 1; If not then calculate left pointer and the right indicator index value of described copy fulcrum;
Judge whether not copy and busy of the page corresponding to the left and right sides pointer of described copy fulcrum; If then copy this memory pages to check point file, copied mark position 1, remove the write-protect to this memory pages, the index point side-play amount of copy adds 1; If not, then return and describedly judge whether have memory pages to be modified in the described virtual machine and whether its dirty page or leaf bit flag is 0 step.
4. online store method according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; described online store method is asynchronous procedure, and the information that it is only preserved when described virtual machine is shut down except described memory mirror reactivates the rear described memory mirror that just begins to preserve until described virtual machine.
5. the online store method of a virtual machine incremental checkpoint may further comprise the steps:
Create the incremental checkpoint file;
Stop the execution of virtual machine, preserve configuration information, virtual cpu state and the equipment state of described virtual machine in described incremental checkpoint file;
Copy the dirty page or leaf bitmap of described virtual machine to obtain interim copy, and the shadow EMS memory pattern of cancellation virtual machine manager is opened described shadow EMS memory pattern again, so that the memory pages of described virtual machine all is in the write-protect state, and the dirty page or leaf bitmap of described virtual machine carried out the set zero clearing;
Wake virtual machine up;
Copy the dirty page or leaf of internal memory in the described virtual machine according to the interim copy of described dirty page or leaf bitmap;
Utilize described shadow EMS memory pattern to follow the trail of the memory pages that upgraded in the described virtual machine, and record the memory pages of renewal with described dirty page or leaf bitmap data structure;
The I/O buffer zone of emptying described virtual machine is to be saved in buffered data in the check point file.
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