CN102436115B - Method for improving terahertz wave generation efficiency and transmissivity - Google Patents
Method for improving terahertz wave generation efficiency and transmissivity Download PDFInfo
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- CN102436115B CN102436115B CN201110438772XA CN201110438772A CN102436115B CN 102436115 B CN102436115 B CN 102436115B CN 201110438772X A CN201110438772X A CN 201110438772XA CN 201110438772 A CN201110438772 A CN 201110438772A CN 102436115 B CN102436115 B CN 102436115B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高太赫兹波产生效率和透射率的方法，获取倾斜角；根据倾斜角和光栅色散方程获取倾斜量的函数表达式；根据里特罗入射条件、光栅方程和倾斜量的函数表达式获取铌酸锂晶体的前表面光栅刻线密度；通过模态法对光栅建模，根据光栅负一级衍射效率与光栅的填充系数、刻槽深度的关系，获取刻槽宽度和刻槽深度；根据前表面光栅刻线密度、刻槽宽度和刻槽深度，在加工容差范围内，通过微纳加工方法在铌酸锂晶体的入射面刻有光栅结构，光栅刻线平行于铌酸锂晶体的光轴；通过微纳加工在铌酸锂晶体的出射界面增加微直角棱锥结构；抽运激光器在铌酸锂晶体前表面以特定的入射角发射抽运光，在出射界面产生太赫兹波。本发明简化了元件，缩短了光路。
The invention discloses a method for improving the generation efficiency and transmittance of terahertz waves, obtaining the tilt angle; obtaining the function expression of the tilt amount according to the tilt angle and the grating dispersion equation; The function expression obtains the grating line density on the front surface of the lithium niobate crystal; the grating is modeled by the modal method, and the groove width and the groove depth are obtained according to the relationship between the negative order diffraction efficiency of the grating and the filling factor of the grating and the groove depth. Groove depth: According to the grating line density, groove width and groove depth on the front surface, within the processing tolerance range, a grating structure is engraved on the incident surface of lithium niobate crystal by micro-nano processing method, and the grating lines are parallel to the niobium The optical axis of the lithium niobate crystal; the micro-right-angle pyramid structure is added to the exit interface of the lithium niobate crystal through micro-nano processing; the pumping laser emits pumping light at a specific incident angle on the front surface of the lithium niobate crystal, and generates too much light at the exit interface. Hertzian wave. The invention simplifies components and shortens the optical path.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrafast THz wave generating technique field, particularly a kind of method that improves THz wave generation efficiency and transmissivity.
Background technology
In nonlinear medium, the optical rectification technology of ultrashort light pulse is a kind of important method that optical instrument produces ultrafast THz wave.Traditional optical rectification technology is to select suitable femtosecond laser and the nonlinear crystal that matches, and utilizes pumping light and THz wave transmission path these characteristics in full accord to carry out collinear phase matching, produces and the radiation THz wave.
produce the transformation efficiency of pumping light to THz wave in order to improve, need to select the larger nonlinear medium of effective nonlinear coefficient as transmitter, utilize the higher pumping light pulse of peak power to excite crystal, but in classic method, femtosecond laser service band commonly used can be realized the nonlinear crystal (zinc telluridse (ZnTe) of collinear phase matching, gallium phosphide (GaP)) effective nonlinear coefficient is also large not, and these transmitters commonly used present the low order non-linear absorption under the high light effect, therefore the surface damage threshold value is all very low, be difficult to utilize the laser pumping system of high power intensity more as pumping source, limited the output power of THz wave.
For the defect of collinear phase matching structure, someone has proposed the inclination flank and realized noncollinearly phase-matched optical rectification technology in crystal.Its basic structure is to use the dispersion devices such as grating of suitable parameter with the certain angle of femtosecond pulse intensity wave top rake of incident, make in crystal pumping ray velocity on the wave vector direction component and the THz wave speed of generation realize coupling fully, as Fig. 1 (a), Fig. 1 (b), Fig. 1 (c) and shown in Figure 2.The medium of the most often selecting is lithium columbate crystal, effective nonlinear coefficient is 168pm/V, than high two orders of magnitude of GaP, for maximum in common inorganic nonlinear crystal, and anti-damage feature is very good, can be under high power pumping condition radiation THz wave expeditiously, and can realize intracrystalline nonlinear phase coupling according to the pumping source Wavelength design transmitter shape of using easily.
The inventor in realizing process of the present invention, finds in prior art to exist at least following shortcoming and defect:
In prior art owing to having used the dispersion elements such as grating, light path is comparatively complicated, and structure is huger, and owing to having used simple lens or telescope type focusing system, its pulse strength wavefront meeting distorted when pumping light is transferred to crystals, impact produces the efficiency of THz wave; Because the lithium columbate crystal refractive index is higher, the THz wave that produces in crystal is larger in the Fresnel reflection loss of outgoing end face, and output efficiency is lower.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method that improves THz wave generation efficiency and transmissivity, realized that light channel structure is simple, small volume and output efficiency higher, described below:
A kind of method that improves THz wave generation efficiency and transmissivity said method comprising the steps of:
(1) optical wavelength, group index and the THz wave refractive index in lithium columbate crystal obtained pitch angle by incident pumping light;
(2) obtain the function expression of tilt quantity according to described pitch angle and grating dispersion equation;
(3) obtain the front surface grating line density of lithium columbate crystal according to the function expression of Li Teluo incident condition, grating equation and described tilt quantity;
(4) by modal method to the grating modeling, first-order diffraction efficiency negative according to grating and the activity coefficient of grating, the relation of groove depth, obtain cutting width and groove depth;
(5) according to described front surface grating line density, described line width and described groove depth, in the processing range of tolerable variance, by micro-nano processing method, at the plane of incidence of lithium columbate crystal, be carved with optical grating construction, grating line is parallel to the optical axis of lithium columbate crystal;
(6) increase little right-angled edge wimble structure by micro-nano processing method at the outgoing interface of lithium columbate crystal;
(7) with specific incident angle emission pumping light, regulate the pumping light polarization and be parallel to the optical axis of lithium columbate crystal, in outgoing generation of interfaces THz wave by polaroid at described lithium niobate crystal body front surface for optically pumped laser.
The function expression of described tilt quantity is specially:
Wherein, γ is pitch angle,
Pass the outgoing angle of diffraction of grated interface for pumping light, d is grating constant, and k is the order of diffraction time, and λ is the optical wavelength of incident pumping light in lithium columbate crystal.
The beneficial effect of technical scheme provided by the invention is:
The invention provides a kind of method that improves THz wave generation efficiency and transmissivity, the present invention is used for the optical grating construction of inclination pump pulse wavefront and is used for strengthening the ultrafast THz wave transmitter of little pyramid array structure of THz wave transmissivity, be carved with optical grating construction by micro-nano processing method at the plane of incidence of lithium columbate crystal, grating line is parallel to the optical axis of lithium columbate crystal, not only can realize the inclination to pumping light pulse wavefront, meet phase-matching condition in crystal, and avoided utilizing the caused flank distortion of optical imaging system focused beam; Secondly, by micro-nano processing method, at the outgoing interface of lithium columbate crystal, increase little right-angled edge wimble structure, strengthened the transmissivity of THz wave; Compare with traditional collinear phase matching optical rectification technology, select lithium columbate crystal, generation efficiency is higher, and spendable pump intensity is larger, and output power gets a promotion; Compare with existing inclination flank structure, the flank tilting gearing is integrated with the emission medium, simplified element, shortened light path.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is collinear phase matching principle schematic provided by the invention;
Fig. 1 (b) is the principle schematic of Cerenkov radiation THz wave provided by the invention;
Fig. 1 (c) be provided by the invention based on inclination flank non-colinear phase matching optical rectification principle schematic;
Fig. 2 is the experimental provision schematic diagram of inclined wave previous irradiation Terahertz provided by the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the lithium columbate crystal of design provided by the invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the grating that obtains based on modal method provided by the invention is born the isoline of first-order diffraction efficiency and grating parameter relation;
Fig. 5 is the little pyramidal structure schematic diagram in right angle provided by the invention;
Fig. 6 is the side view of exit facet provided by the invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of system provided by the invention;
Fig. 8 is a kind of process flow diagram that improves the method for THz wave generation efficiency and transmissivity provided by the invention.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
In order to realize that light channel structure is simple, small volume and output efficiency higher, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method that improves THz wave generation efficiency and transmissivity, and is described below:
Referring to Fig. 1 (a), Fig. 1 (b) and Fig. 1 (c), the physical principle of embodiment of the present invention foundation is the optical rectification process based on the non-colinear phase matching form of Cerenkov radiation principle.In nonlinear medium, difference because of refractive index, cause pumping light group velocity and produce between the THz wave phase velocity when larger difference is arranged, do not meet the collinear phase matching condition, but use the dispersion devices such as grating, prism, pumping light is introduced angular dispersion, and in medium, angle is that the Cerenkov radiation angle is (by formula n between pumping light pulse wavefront and pumping optical transmission direction
Ph, THz=n
G, optCos γ is definite, and wherein γ is pitch angle) time, the THz wave wave front normal of pumping light pulse wavefront normal and generation is equidirectional, and on this direction, the component v of pumping light group velocity
G, optCos γ and THz wave phase velocity v
Ph, THzRealized speeds match.Yet after adding the dispersion elements such as grating, prism, pumping light light beam can broaden, and therefore needs a cover optical imaging system to dwindle light beam and makes light beam converge on crystal.But along with the introducing of optical system, the flank after grating slope is understood distorted, thereby has reduced the generation efficiency of terahertz emission.In order to address this problem, the embodiment of the present invention adopts following proposal, referring to Fig. 8,
101: optical wavelength, group index and THz wave refractive index by incident pumping light in lithium columbate crystal are obtained pitch angle γ;
Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 7, incident pumping light is linearly polarized light, and polarization direction is parallel to optical axis direction, therefore pumping light is e light in lithium columbate crystal, corresponding incident pumping optical wavelength is 1.04 μ m, the group index n of pumping light
e=2.16, the THz wave refractive index n of generation
THz=5.16, obtaining pitch angle γ is 65 °.
102: the function expression that obtains tilt quantity according to pitch angle γ and grating dispersion equation;
Wherein, in the embodiment of the present invention, designed optical grating construction not only can make pumping light light beam before producing needed inclined wave later, and from the light beam of grating output, at a specific order, can produce the diffraction of high-level efficiency (efficiency is greater than 90%).The physical principle of its foundation is as follows: according to the grating dispersion equation
Wherein
Pass the outgoing angle of diffraction of grated interface for pumping light, d is grating constant, and k is the order of diffraction time, obtains the function expression of tilt quantity
103: the front surface grating line density of obtaining lithium columbate crystal according to the function expression of Li Teluo incident condition, grating equation and tilt quantity;
Wherein, in order to access optimum diffraction efficiency, the embodiment of the present invention adopts Li Teluo incident condition
Again in conjunction with grating equation
And the expression formula at substitution pitch angle obtains grating constant
Calculate under 1.04 μ m femtosecond pulse pumping conditions, meet the grating constant 711nm of purpose of design, namely the front surface grating line density of lithium columbate crystal is 1406l/mm, and the grating of this magnitude still is very easy to realize technically.
Wherein, after obtaining the front surface grating line density of lithium columbate crystal, only need to determine the activity coefficient (ratio of grating ridge width to grating constant) of grating and the structure that groove depth can be determined grating.
104: to the grating modeling, first-order diffraction efficiency negative according to grating and the activity coefficient of grating, the relation of groove depth, obtain cutting width and groove depth by modal method;
Wherein, what modal method was studied is the interactional physical mechanism of light beam and grating, its basic thought and Mach-Zehnder interferometer are similar, think that light beam exists two transmission modes in grating, and certain first-order diffraction efficiency of grating output is interfered and is coupled to form by these two transmission mode.Therefore the embodiment of the present invention is optimized grating parameter (groove depth and cutting width) according to modal method and is made diffraction light all be coupled into negative one-level.
Wherein, referring to Fig. 4, white portion represents is that the negative first-order diffraction efficiency of the lower grating of transverse and longitudinal coordinate (the grating degree of depth and raster filling coefficient) in correspondence is greater than 90%, therefore only need to determine a bit (generally in order to reduce difficulty of processing in this zone, get near the point of activity coefficient 0.5), find its corresponding grating degree of depth and raster filling coefficient.In conjunction with formula: raster filling coefficient=grating ridge width/grating constant=(grating constant-cutting width)/grating constant, in the situation that known grating constant, cutting width=grating cycle * (1-raster filling coefficient).So just can access the important parameter of grating processing: groove depth and cutting width, in conjunction with before the grating line density that obtains namely can this process needed grating.
105: according to front surface grating line density, cutting width and groove depth, on front surface at lithium columbate crystal in the processing range of tolerable variance, be carved with optical grating construction by micro-nano processing method at the plane of incidence of lithium columbate crystal, grating line is parallel to the optical axis of lithium columbate crystal;
Wherein, the groove direction is parallel to optical axis direction, adopt micro-nano processing method, the embodiment of the present invention is take grating cutting density as 1406l/mm, cutting width 426nm, processing tolerance ± 35nm, groove depth 600nm, processing tolerance ± 100nm is that example describes, during specific implementation, can also be other size, the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this.
106: by micro-nano processing method, at the outgoing interface of lithium columbate crystal, increase little right-angled edge wimble structure;
Wherein, because lithium columbate crystal is high in the terahertz wave band refractive index, larger with the refringence of air, at 1 terahertz wave band, the Fresnel reflection rate of single face vertical incidence reaches 45.6%, and closely half Terahertz energy is constrained in lithium columbate crystal inside by interface and can not radiate.In order to address this problem,, referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6,, at the little right-angled edge wimble structure of the outgoing interface of lithium columbate crystal, utilize micro-nano processing method,, at the exit surface of lithium columbate crystal, depict little right-angled edge wimble structure of appropriate size.The principle that it is anti-reflection is that little pyramid is divided into numerous little thin layer, in each thin layer, the crystalline solid and the air that contain different proportion, equivalent refractive index is between bulk crystals and air, because the equivalent refractive index of the adjacent thin layer of the so pyramidal structure of little pyramid is gradual change, the high reflectance that has caused because of the refractive index of sudden change when having avoided THz wave output like this, thus the transmissivity of THz wave increased, improved the emission efficiency of THz wave.The anti-reflection structure of this kind has been applied to the materials such as High Resistivity Si at terahertz wave band, transmission spectrum is more smooth, can improve the transmissivity of the terahertz emission of 10% left and right.
107: optically pumped laser is at the lithium niobate crystal body front surface with specific incident angle emission pumping light, and polaroid is regulated the pumping light polarization and is parallel to the optical axis of lithium columbate crystal, in outgoing generation of interfaces THz wave.
Wherein, referring to Fig. 7, during specific implementation, the optically pumped laser in the embodiment of the present invention need to, at the pumping light of lithium niobate crystal body front surface with specific incident angle emission 1.04 μ m, be incident on the optical grating construction part of lithium niobate crystal body front surface.
THz wave at the outgoing generation of interfaces is high efficiency THz wave.Compare the method (as shown in Figure 2) of traditional inclination flank radiation Terahertz and not only simplified light path, and the grating that is inscribed in the lithium niobate plane of incidence distortion of having avoided imaging system to bring, little pyramidal structure of the exit surface of Terahertz delineation has simultaneously promoted the terahertz emission transmissivity that produces, thereby has improved the whole generation efficiency of terahertz emission.
Below with a concrete test, verify a kind of feasibility that improves the method for THz wave generation efficiency and transmissivity that the embodiment of the present invention provides, described below:
Body is the stoichiometric ratio lithium niobate crystal (Mg:LiNbO of doped with magnesia (MgO)
3) thin slice, Mg doping 6%, this kind material anti-photorefraction is very capable, and damage threshold is high, is applicable to high power pumping condition; But because lithium columbate crystal itself absorbs larger to THz wave, the absorption coefficient of its terahertz wave band is 16cm-1, be only 625 microns therefore effectively launch length, very thick crystal can not be supported continuing to increase of THz wave, but in order to guarantee its physical strength, select the thick bulk crystals of 1.5mm as body, cut direction makes the optical axis of crystal in crystrallographic plane.Lithium niobate crystal body front surface grating line density 1406l/mm, the groove direction is parallel to optical axis direction, adopts micro-nano processing method, cutting width 426nm, processing tolerance ± 35nm; Groove depth 600nm, processing tolerance ± 100nm.The lithium columbate crystal exit facet, delineation base length is the right-angled edge wimble structure of 40 μ m, adopts micro-nano processing method, process tool is the right angle cutter head, by two groups of machining directions that are mutually 90 °, just can form little right angle pyramid array.Optically pumped laser is launched 1.04 μ m pumping light at the lithium niobate crystal body front surface with specific incident angle, at the outgoing generation of interfaces high efficiency THz wave, and only at the outgoing interface, increase little right-angled edge wimble structure, just can improve the transmissivity of the terahertz emission of 10% left and right, verify the feasibility of this method.
in sum, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method that improves THz wave generation efficiency and transmissivity, the embodiment of the present invention is used for the optical grating construction of heeling pump pump pulse wavefront and is used for strengthening the ultrafast THz wave transmitter of little pyramid array structure of THz wave transmissivity, be carved with optical grating construction by micro-nano processing method at the plane of incidence of lithium columbate crystal, grating line is parallel to the optical axis of lithium columbate crystal, not only can realize the inclination to pumping light pulse wavefront, meet phase-matching condition in crystal, and avoided utilizing the caused flank of optical imaging system focused beam to distort, secondly, by micro-nano processing method, at the outgoing interface of lithium columbate crystal, increase little right-angled edge wimble structure, strengthened the transmissivity of THz wave, compare with traditional collinear phase matching optical rectification technology, select lithium columbate crystal, generation efficiency is higher, and spendable pump intensity is larger, and output power gets a promotion, compare with existing inclination flank structure, the flank tilting gearing is integrated with the emission medium, simplified element, shortened light path.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that accompanying drawing is the schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment, the invention described above embodiment sequence number, just to describing, does not represent the quality of embodiment.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a method that improves THz wave generation efficiency and transmissivity, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) optical wavelength, group index and the THz wave refractive index in lithium columbate crystal obtained pitch angle by incident pumping light;
(2) obtain the function expression of tilt quantity according to described pitch angle and grating dispersion equation;
(3) obtain the front surface grating line density of lithium columbate crystal according to the function expression of Li Teluo incident condition, grating equation and described tilt quantity;
(4) by modal method to the grating modeling, first-order diffraction efficiency negative according to grating and the activity coefficient of grating, the relation of groove depth, obtain cutting width and groove depth;
(5) according to described front surface grating line density, described cutting width and described groove depth, in the processing range of tolerable variance, by micro-nano processing method, at the plane of incidence of lithium columbate crystal, be carved with optical grating construction, grating line is parallel to the optical axis of lithium columbate crystal;
(6) increase little right-angled edge wimble structure by micro-nano processing method at the outgoing interface of lithium columbate crystal;
(7) with specific incident angle emission pumping light, regulate the pumping light polarization and be parallel to the optical axis of lithium columbate crystal, in outgoing generation of interfaces THz wave by polaroid at described lithium niobate crystal body front surface for optically pumped laser;
Wherein, the function expression of described tilt quantity is specially:
Wherein, γ is pitch angle,
Pass the outgoing angle of diffraction of grated interface for pumping light, d is grating constant, and k is the order of diffraction time, and λ is the optical wavelength of incident pumping light in lithium columbate crystal.
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| CN103311792B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2016-12-28 | 福建福晶科技股份有限公司 | A kind of electric-optically Q-switched frequency double laser of Littrow configuration |
| CN105652554B (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2018-07-06 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | A kind of strong terahertz impulse ejection source of ladder-type structure and design method |
| CN106783476B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-06-19 | 西北核技术研究所 | A kind of radially continuous wave Terahertz of double frequency tiltedly notes pipe |
| DK3396447T3 (en) * | 2017-06-25 | 2022-01-10 | Pecsi Tudomanyegyetem | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING TERAHERTZ RADIATION |
| CN107561816A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of high energy THz wave generation device |
| CN108842186A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-20 | 西北工业大学 | Preparation method for the antireflective zinc telluridse plane of crystal micro-structure of terahertz wave band |
| CN109870739B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2024-03-29 | 清华大学 | Millimeter wave/terahertz wave imaging apparatus |
| CN111399114B (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2022-09-02 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Design method of grating antenna |
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|---|
| M. I. Bakunov et al.Terahertz emission from a laser pulse with tilted front: Phase-matching versus Cherenkov effect.《JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS》.2008,第104卷第073105-1到073105-13页. |
| Terahertz emission from a laser pulse with tilted front: Phase-matching versus Cherenkov effect;M. I. Bakunov et al;《JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS》;20081003;第104卷;第073105-1到073105-13页 * |
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