CN102436015A - Method and rain gauge for measuring rainfall by pulse illumination optics - Google Patents
Method and rain gauge for measuring rainfall by pulse illumination optics Download PDFInfo
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- CN102436015A CN102436015A CN2011103949236A CN201110394923A CN102436015A CN 102436015 A CN102436015 A CN 102436015A CN 2011103949236 A CN2011103949236 A CN 2011103949236A CN 201110394923 A CN201110394923 A CN 201110394923A CN 102436015 A CN102436015 A CN 102436015A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring rainfall by pulse illumination optics. According to the method, controllable pulsed light is adopted, the transmission of the controllable pulsed light is consistent with frame synchronizing signals of image video signals, and the pulsed light is transmitted twice at certain time intervals T in each frame of exposure time; actually, each frame of acquired image is acquired by performing double exposure on precipitation particles, the double exposure makes particles appear at two different positions of the same fame of image, and the velocity of the particles is calculated by measuring the distance in which the particles are moved within the time T on each frame of image; the volume of the particles can be calculated according to particle sizes of precipitation particles in a measured clear precipitation particle image, the instantaneous precipitation values can be calculated by combining sampling areas, and the instantaneous rainfall is integrated to acquire gross rainfall; and rain, snow or hail can be identified according to the image of the precipitation particles and parameters such as drop spectrum distribution, velocity and the like. According to the method, particle size and dropping velocity can be simultaneously measured, and the method is extremely economic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to meteorology precipitation field of measurement, particularly relate to a kind of method and apparatus of measuring quantity of precipitation, precipitation intensity, type of precipitation with optical instrument simultaneously.
Background technology
Quantity of precipitation on the meteorology meaning is meant and drop to the water depth that ground is gathered without evaporation, infiltration or loss.Precipitation intensity is meant the quantity of precipitation in the unit interval, and type of precipitation is meant the weather phenomenon classification of precipitation phenomenon, as: rain and snow mixed, drizzle, hail or the like.
Rain gage is a meteorologic instrument of measuring quantity of precipitation and precipitation intensity, and that uses always at present has rain gage bucket, tipping-bucket rain-gauge, a siphon rainfall recorder etc.Rain gage bucket is that rainwater is pooled in the container, is measured by manual work then; Tipping-bucket rain-gauge is to flow into tipping bucket after rainwater is compiled current-sharing, measures rainfall through the unbalance upset of tipping bucket; Siphon rainfall recorder then is that the liquid level by rainwater rises and promotes float and carry out the rainwater metering, and container has been expired back generation siphon float can return zero again.These several kinds of rain gage ubiquity measuring error are big, induction speed slow (a small amount of precipitation is reactionless), can't obtain shortcoming such as type of precipitation.
It is fast that the optics rain gage has reaction velocity, non-cpntact measurement, and advantages such as good environmental adaptability, thereby have traditional udometric potentiality of substituting.Thereby the optics rain gage possesses the ability that the single precipitation particles of direct measurement obtains raindrop size distribution and type of precipitation toward contact at present.Existing optics rain gage can be divided into two types on single-point type, linear array type, and they often all use source of parallel light to throw light on.The udometric receiver of single-point type optics is a photoelectric tube often, and the signal that is received is the flash signal that precipitation particles causes during through sample region, and the analysis that these flash signals are carried out time domain or frequency domain just can obtain the corresponding information of relevant precipitation.It is obvious that, and single-point type optics rain gage exists the situation of a plurality of precipitation particles to distinguish for the sample space, and the shape for particle also can't obtain simultaneously, and its resulting quantity of information is for confirming that accurately raindrop size distribution and type of precipitation are not enough.For example for the just difficult identification of type of precipitation such as rain and snow mixed, drizzle.In order to overcome the udometric shortcoming of single-point type optics, linear array type optics rain gage had appearred again afterwards, be characterized in that a horizontal line is lined up in a plurality of Electrophotosensitives unit to be responded to, and for example uses photodiode array or line array CCD.When precipitation particles can obtain many profile information that are in the light of this particle during through this line of induction, thereby shape of particle can be rebuild, a plurality of precipitation particles can certainly be identified.But adopt the linear array method to measure precipitation picking rate has been proposed very high requirement; CCD linear array with Unit 1024 is an example, and the raindrop of 3mm diameter or the decline rate of ice pellets are 12m/S, if will reach 6 row to the number of active lines of this particle; Then line frequency is required to be 25kHz, and the some frequency needs 25,000,000.Undoubtedly, its follow-up data acquisition and processing (DAP) cost of data stream so at a high speed is very big, and this has just formed obstacle to reducing cost and applying.In addition, even adopt the linear array method, the end speed that also can not be fallen accurately, because available only degree of being is got over the time, the precise geometrical size of vertical direction is unavailable, and precipitation particles often is not spherically symmetric.Problems of measurement when therefore linear array type optics rain gage can not thoroughly solve yardstick spectrum and end speed spectrum.
In order to obtain abundanter precipitation particles information; Also the someone studies employing face battle array optical device and comes precipitation particles is directly taken; Yet because the scale ratio of particle sinking speed and particle itself is very big; If the image capture method of employing normal frames speed can only obtain the streak image all over the screen of particle, can't be to arriving the particle blur-free imaging.So have to seek help from high speed or hypervelocity video camera, obviously, can't carry out low cost based on the scheme of high-speed camera and promote.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: propose a kind ofly to use pulsing light and combine video image to carry out method and corresponding instrument that precipitation particles shape and sinking speed are measured.Especially can adopt the CCD face battle array device of normal frames speed to carry out the measurement of precipitation particles.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: pulsing light optics rainfall measuring method; The light source that continues illumination is replaced with controlled light-pulse generator (LED or semiconductor laser); And it is the frame synchronizing signal of the emission of pulsed light and image video signal is consistent; In the time shutter of each frame (electronic shutter), at regular intervals T carries out the emission of twice pulsed light.In fact each two field picture that is obtained has like this carried out double exposure to precipitation particles and has obtained; Because the emission duration of pulsed light is very short; Thereby exposure each time all will obtain a precipitation particles image clearly; Double exposure then makes particle appear at two different positions of same two field picture, and particle just can calculate particle's velocity simultaneously in the distance that T moved in the time on each two field picture through measuring.Particle diameter according to measuring precipitation particles in the precipitation particles image can calculate particle volume; Just can calculate instantaneous quantity of precipitation in conjunction with sampling area; The above-mentioned instantaneous rainfall value of integration obtains gross rainfall, and the instantaneous rainfall value and the rainfall value of integration can be proofreaied and correct through the actual measurement rainfall.Image and parameters such as drop-size distribution distribution and speed according to precipitation particles also can be distinguished rain, snow or hail or the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: measure when not only having realized for particle size and sinking speed, also very economical, because adopt common face battle array picture pick-up device rather than expensive linear array or high-speed camera technology just can realize this programme.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a formation structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a signal waveforms.
Embodiment
1 indicating impulse light emitting devices among the figure; 2 indicating impulses illumination source of parallel light system; 3 expression precipitation particles; 4 expression receiving optics; The optical filter that 5 expressions and wavelength of transmitted light are complementary; 6 expression two-dimensional image sensor.In Fig. 2 signal waveforms, 7 expression field sync signals; 8 expression electronic shutter signal, high level is for continuing exposure; 9 indicating impulses illumination control, each has twice illumination, is spaced apart T.
Obtain said optics rain gage based on the inventive method, constitute with two-dimensional image sensor 6 by pulsing light source of parallel light system 2.Pulsed light emission device 1 can be LED light emitting diode or semiconductor laser etc., and two-dimensional image sensor 6 can be CCD face battle array or CMOS face battle array.The directional light that the non-parallel smooth scioptics that sent by pulsed light emission device 1 form collimation shines on the precipitation particles through synchro control.Got into receiving optics 4 behind precipitation particles 3 partial occlusions, incided on the two-dimensional image sensor 6 after disturbing by optical filter 5 filtering external stray light.Receiving end has been placed the optical filter 5 that is complementary with emission wavelength.
Be embodiment of the present invention, signal processing system is field sync signal 7 at first, controls electronic shutter signal 8 then, makes that continuing the time shutter is greater than illumination T interval time twice.Driving pulse light emission twice, twice is spaced apart T in time shutter continuing.The big I of T is selected to obtain best rate accuracy (for example heavy rain can be selected 1ms, can select 10ms when snowing) by image processing program according to the falling speed of precipitation particles.Can obtain the concrete data of shape of particle size and speed after the image that collects handled.Just calculate again by measured data and can obtain quantity of precipitation, type of precipitation, precipitation intensity or the like result.
In the pulsing light optics rainfall measuring method; The light source that continues illumination is replaced with controlled light-pulse generator (LED or semiconductor laser); And it is the frame synchronizing signal of the emission of pulsed light and image video signal is consistent; In the time shutter of each frame (electronic shutter), at regular intervals T carries out the emission of twice pulsed light.Each two field picture of being obtained like this is actually and precipitation particles has been carried out double exposure obtains; Because the emission duration of pulsed light is very short; Thereby exposure each time all will obtain a precipitation particles image clearly; Double exposure then obtains the image that particle appears at two diverse locations, and particle just can calculate particle's velocity simultaneously in the distance that T moved in the time on each two field picture through measuring.
Measure every width of cloth clearly in the precipitation particles image particle diameter of precipitation particles can calculate particle volume, just can calculate instantaneous quantity of precipitation in conjunction with sampling area, the above-mentioned instantaneous rainfall value of integration obtains gross rainfall.Image and parameters such as drop-size distribution distribution and speed according to precipitation particles also can be distinguished rain, snow or hail or the like.
Claims (4)
1. pulsing light optics rainfall measuring method; It is characterized in that adopting controlled pulsed light; And the frame synchronizing signal of the emission of controlled pulsed light and image video signal is consistent, in the time shutter of each frame, at regular intervals T carries out the emission of twice pulsed light; Each two field picture that is obtained is actually precipitation particles double exposed and obtains; Double exposure then makes particle appear at two different positions of same two field picture, and particle just calculates particle's velocity simultaneously in the distance that T moved in the time on each two field picture through measuring; According to a width of cloth of measuring clearly in the precipitation particles image particle diameter of precipitation particles can calculate particle volume, just can calculate instantaneous precipitation value in conjunction with sampling area, the above-mentioned instantaneous rainfall of integration obtains gross rainfall; Image and parameters such as drop-size distribution distribution and speed according to precipitation particles also can be distinguished rain, snow or hail.
2. employing optical instrument according to claim 1 carries out the method that precipitation particles is measured, and it is characterized in that having placed the optical filter that is complementary with the transponder pulse optical wavelength in the reception image end.
3. pulsing light optics rain gage is characterized in that comprising pulsing light source of parallel light system, receiving optics, two-dimensional image sensor; The pulsed light emission device is LED light emitting diode or semiconductor laser, and two-dimensional image sensor is CCD face battle array or CMOS face battle array; The directional light that the non-parallel smooth scioptics that sent by the pulsed light emission device form collimation shines on the precipitation particles through synchro control; Got into receiving optics behind the precipitation particles partial occlusion, incided on the two-dimensional image sensor.
4. pulsing light optics rain gage according to claim 3 is characterized in that receiving image end and has placed the optical filter that is complementary with the transponder pulse optical wavelength.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102707340A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2012-10-03 | 南京大学 | Rainfall measurement method based on video images |
| CN102913817A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-02-06 | 西安理工大学 | Light source device for radar detection system |
| CN103033857A (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2013-04-10 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Rainfall and snowfall automatic observation method based on parallel light large visual field |
| CN103439756A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-12-11 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Natural precipitation particle micro physical characteristic measuring method based on particle forming speed measurement |
| CN103809224A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-05-21 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Stray light interference associated inhibition device for optical rainfall measuring instrument |
| CN103869384A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2014-06-18 | 基康仪器股份有限公司 | Micro-power-consumption tipping bucket type rainfall pulse signal collecting device and method |
| CN103852813B (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2016-11-23 | 昆明理工大学 | Raindrop three dimension scale detection device and the method utilizing this device calculating raindrop volume |
| CN109982900A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2019-07-05 | 昕诺飞控股有限公司 | Precipitation sensing is carried out via intelligent lighting |
| WO2019144443A1 (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | Dual wire diode array device and measurement method and measurement device for particle velocity |
| CN114442200A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-06 | 南京信息工程大学 | Rainfall measuring device and method based on image analysis |
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| CN102707340A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2012-10-03 | 南京大学 | Rainfall measurement method based on video images |
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| CN102913817A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-02-06 | 西安理工大学 | Light source device for radar detection system |
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| CN103033857A (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2013-04-10 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Rainfall and snowfall automatic observation method based on parallel light large visual field |
| CN103439756B (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2016-02-10 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | A kind of natural precipitation particle Microphysical Characteristics measuring method based on Particle Image Velocity |
| CN103439756A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-12-11 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Natural precipitation particle micro physical characteristic measuring method based on particle forming speed measurement |
| CN103809224A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-05-21 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Stray light interference associated inhibition device for optical rainfall measuring instrument |
| CN103809224B (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2017-08-25 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Interference of stray light joint restraining device in optics Rainfall estimation instrument |
| CN103852813B (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2016-11-23 | 昆明理工大学 | Raindrop three dimension scale detection device and the method utilizing this device calculating raindrop volume |
| CN103869384A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2014-06-18 | 基康仪器股份有限公司 | Micro-power-consumption tipping bucket type rainfall pulse signal collecting device and method |
| CN109982900A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2019-07-05 | 昕诺飞控股有限公司 | Precipitation sensing is carried out via intelligent lighting |
| CN109982900B (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2023-05-12 | 昕诺飞控股有限公司 | Precipitation sensing via intelligent lighting |
| WO2019144443A1 (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | Dual wire diode array device and measurement method and measurement device for particle velocity |
| US11828905B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2023-11-28 | Institute Of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Dual line diode array device and measurement method and measurement device for particle velocity |
| CN114442200A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-06 | 南京信息工程大学 | Rainfall measuring device and method based on image analysis |
| CN114442200B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-07-25 | 南京信息工程大学 | Precipitation measurement device and method based on image analysis |
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