CN102436008A

CN102436008A - Detector for nuclear radiation

Info

Publication number: CN102436008A
Application number: CN2011102708389A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘勇; 严兆君; 吴旭东; 刘江源; 张俊峰; 张晓辉; 张建兵
Original assignee: 刘勇
Priority date: 2011-08-14
Filing date: 2011-08-14
Publication date: 2012-05-02

Abstract

The invention discloses a detector for nuclear radiation. A housing is internally provided with a circuit, and the circuit consists of a Geiger-Miller counting tube, a signal amplifying circuit, a singlechip circuit, a liquid crystal display circuit, an alarm circuit, a direct current high voltage generating circuit and a power circuit; the specific connection relationship of each component in the circuit shows as follows: an anode end of the Geiger-Miller counting tube is connected with the direct current high voltage generating circuit, a cathode end of the Geiger-Miller counting tube is sequentially connected with the signal amplifying circuit, the singlechip circuit and the liquid crystal display circuit; the singlechip circuit is connected with the alarm circuit simultaneously; and the output of the power circuit is respectively connected with a work voltage input end of the circuit. The detector for the nuclear radiation can be used for detecting Gamma ray radiation dosage in the environment, counting by a singlechip, converting the unit to be common mu Sv/hr, and displaying by a liquid crystal display. The detector is simple and convenient to measure, low in cost, flexible to detect, exact to measure, easy to popularize, and convenient to popularize for civil use.

Description

Nuclear radiation detectors

Technical field

The present invention relates to the nuclear radiation measurement field, specifically is a kind of nuclear radiation detectors.

Background technology

At present, in the environment of human survival, radiation is all arranged in places such as air, food, building materials, nuclear power stations.Nuclear radiation detects and detects with the contamination of detecting instrument with it exactly, confirms that whether it is harmful to human body or environment, adopts some protection and the technology of dying clearly and instrument that the harm of nuclear radiation is minimized.The raising of Along with people's living condition, to living environment require increasingly highly, to make radioactive contamination to it when after house decoration, moving in usually and detect.Present nuclear radiation detects, and mostly adopts the surveying instrument of specialty, and complicated operation and cost are high, and popularity rate is low.

Nuclear radiation, or be referred to as radioactivity usually, being present among all materials, this is the objective fact that exists over 1 years, is normal phenomenon.Nuclear radiation is that atomic nucleus changes the microscopic particle stream that is discharged another kind of structure or the another kind of energy state process into from a kind of structure or a kind of energy state.Nuclear radiation can make material cause ionization or excite, so be called ionising radiation.

Geiger-Miller counter tube (being called for short " Geiger tube ") is the senser element of a kind of special detecting ionizing radiation (α particle, β particle, gamma-rays) intensity.Geiger-Miller counter tube is an inert gas filled pipe normally, and two electrodes are housed in the pipe.During work, add specified high direct voltage to electrode, gas is excited ionization and is produced pulse current in the pipe, after outside amplifying circuit amplifies, and just available counting circuit record.Unit interval ionization number is relevant with radiation intensity in the pipe, just can record ionising radiation intensity thus.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is principle of work, propose a kind of nuclear radiation detectors according to Geiger-Miller counter tube.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of nuclear radiation detectors; It is characterized in that; It is that circuit is housed in the enclosure, and circuit is made up of Geiger-Miller counter tube, signal amplification circuit, single chip circuit, liquid crystal display circuit, warning circuit, dc high-voltage circuit, power circuit; The concrete annexation of each components and parts is in the circuit: Geiger-Miller counter tube anode tap connects dc high-voltage circuit, and cathode terminal connects signal amplification circuit, single chip circuit, liquid crystal display circuit successively; Wherein single chip circuit has connected warning circuit simultaneously; Power circuit output has been connected respectively to the WV input end of foregoing circuit.

Principle of work is: when Geiger-Miller counter tube was worked, after anode added specified high direct voltage, gas received radiation excitation ionization meeting and produces pulse current in the pipe.Unit interval ionization number is relevant with radiation intensity in the pipe, and unit of account time internal ionization number is the pulse current number of times, just can record ionising radiation intensity.

When Geiger-when the Miller counter tube received radiation ionization, the pulsed current signal that produces in the pipe amplified through signal amplification circuit, send into external interrupt input (P3.3/INT1) pin of single-chip microcomputer, trigger and interrupt counting; And in single-chip microcomputer, calculate through Automatic Program, convert little west to and not/hour (uSv/hr) be the nuclear radiation dosage of unit.Through the MCU driving liquid crystal display circuit; Per minute umber of pulse (CPM) and the little west of radiation dose not/hour (uSv/hr) are presented on the LCDs; If detected radiation dose is exceeding normal range (in single-chip microcomputer, passing through the program setting normal range), monolithic opportunity driven warning circuit sends alerting signal.

Nuclear radiation detectors of the present invention, can testing environment in the gamma-rays radiation dose, through the single-chip microcomputer counting, convert little west commonly used to not/hour (uSv/hr), and use liquid crystal display to show.Can play good detection effect in live surrounding enviroment nuclear radiation detection and upholstery material security context of detection of people.Measuring operation is simple and convenient, cheap; Detect sensitivity, measure accurately, be easy to popularize, be convenient to promote civilian.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is nuclear radiation detectors circuit theory diagrams of the present invention.

Among the figure: A---Geiger-Miller counter tube, B---signal amplification circuit, C---single chip circuit, D---liquid crystal display circuit, E---warning circuit, F---dc high-voltage circuit, G---power circuit.

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, Geiger-Miller counter tube A anode tap has connected the high direct voltage 400V output of dc high-voltage circuit F, and cathode terminal connects signal amplification circuit B, single chip circuit C, liquid crystal display circuit D successively; Wherein single chip circuit C has connected warning circuit E simultaneously; Power circuit G+5V voltage output has been connected respectively to the WV input end of foregoing circuit.

Among Fig. 1: it is the pipe of J408 γ that Geiger-Miller counter tube A can select model for use, and its WV is DC 400V, and this truth of a matter is at 80 times/minute (CPM); Not circuit selects for use integrated circuit CD4049 to get final product among the signal amplification circuit B; Single-chip microcomputer among the single chip circuit C selects for use STC89C52 model single-chip microcomputer to get final product; LCDs is selected 1602 LCDs for use among the liquid crystal display circuit D; SPEAKER selects the active hummer of 5V for use among the warning circuit E; The oscillator of selecting for use 555 integrated circuit to form among the dc high-voltage circuit F; The driven MOS pipe is selected IRF830 for use; Transformer T1 selects small-power power transformer for use, gets final product like the power transformer of elementary 220V, secondary 3～6V, and commutation diode D1～D4 selects IN4007 for use; Voltage stabilizing diode DZ1～DZ4 selects the stabilivolt of 100V/1W for use, and capacitor C 7～C10 selects the ceramic disc capacitor of 47nF/400V for use; Select for use three sections integrated regulator chips 7805 stable 5V direct supply to be provided among the power circuit G for entire circuit.Other partial circuit relies on prior art circuits design hardware circuit and selects for use the circuit elements device to get final product among the figure.

Signal amplification circuit B forms bleeder circuit by R5, R6 from the cathode terminal number of winning the confidence of Geiger-Miller counter tube A on negative electrode.When Geiger-Miller counter tube A ionization, will there be pulse current to pass through R5, R6, on R6, produce an action of low-voltage pulse, through control Q2 base stage after the R7 current limliting.Q2 selects 9013 common triodes such as NPN such as grade for use.Pulse signal gets into single chip circuit C through two cmos buffer not gates (CD4049) after amplifying through Q2, and P3.3 (INT1) pin of signal input single-chip microcomputer triggers and interrupts counting.

Among the dc high-voltage circuit F, VR1 scalable high pressure output voltage values, with the voltage of multimeter 500V direct current gear measure R 13 near voltage-multiplying circuit one end, it is to get final product about 450V that adjusting VR1 makes voltage.

Those skilled in that art are according to foregoing circuit design proposal and functional requirement, the design hardware circuit with write software program and can implement.

Claims

1. a nuclear radiation detectors is characterized in that, it is that circuit is housed in the enclosure, and circuit is made up of Geiger-Miller counter tube, signal amplification circuit, single chip circuit, liquid crystal display circuit, warning circuit, dc high-voltage circuit, power circuit; The concrete annexation of each components and parts is in the circuit: Geiger-Miller counter tube anode tap connects dc high-voltage circuit, and cathode terminal connects signal amplification circuit, single chip circuit, liquid crystal display circuit successively; Wherein single chip circuit has connected warning circuit simultaneously; Power circuit output has been connected respectively to the WV input end of foregoing circuit.