CN102435414B - Air entrained corrosion reduction model decompression test method - Google Patents
Air entrained corrosion reduction model decompression test method Download PDFInfo
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- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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Abstract
本发明属于防止高流速泄水建筑物空蚀破坏的技术领域，涉及一种掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法，掺气减蚀模型减压试验的装置包括减压箱、真空泵和设有掺气设施的掺气减蚀模型，真空泵通过真空泵抽气管道与减压箱连接，掺气减蚀模型位于减压箱内，掺气设施上接有通气管；将掺气设施的通气管通至减压箱外部，从常压环境中进气，但掺气减蚀模型仍处于减压箱的真空环境中，减压箱的真空度为传统减压试验的理论值。本发明解决了减压试验模型和原型通气量不相似的问题，科学地反应原型工程的掺气减蚀效果，对于高流速泄水建筑物掺气减蚀措施的设计与优化具有重要的参考价值。
The invention belongs to the technical field of preventing cavitation damage of high-flow rate drainage structures, and relates to a decompression test method of an aeration corrosion reduction model. The device for the decompression test of the aeration corrosion reduction model includes a decompression box, a vacuum pump, and The aeration and corrosion reduction model of the aeration facility, the vacuum pump is connected to the decompression box through the vacuum pump exhaust pipe, the aeration and corrosion reduction model is located in the decompression box, and the aeration facility is connected with a ventilation pipe; the ventilation pipe of the aeration facility is connected to Outside the decompression box, the intake air is from the normal pressure environment, but the aerated corrosion reduction model is still in the vacuum environment of the decompression box, and the vacuum degree of the decompression box is the theoretical value of the traditional decompression test. The invention solves the problem of dissimilarity between the decompression test model and the prototype ventilation, scientifically reflects the aeration and corrosion reduction effect of the prototype project, and has important reference value for the design and optimization of aeration and corrosion reduction measures for high-flow rate drainage structures .
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于防止高流速泄水建筑物空蚀破坏的技术领域，涉及一种掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法。 The invention belongs to the technical field of preventing cavitation damage of high-flow rate drainage structures, and relates to a model decompression test method for aeration and corrosion reduction.
背景技术 Background technique
随着坝工技术的提高和我国水利水电建设事业的快速发展，我国髙坝建设已从开始的近100m级发展至300m级阶段，泄洪流速相应从早期的20～30m/s发展至当今50m/s以上，由此产生的高速水流问题日益突出，泄水建筑物发生严重空蚀破坏的可能性逐渐增大，严重威胁工程的安全运行，因而备受工程界及研究人员的关注。 With the improvement of dam engineering technology and the rapid development of my country's water conservancy and hydropower construction, the construction of high dams in my country has developed from the initial level of nearly 100m to the stage of 300m, and the flow rate of flood discharge has correspondingly developed from the early 20-30m/s to the current 50m/s. s, the resulting high-speed water flow problem is becoming more and more prominent, and the possibility of severe cavitation damage to drainage structures is gradually increasing, which seriously threatens the safe operation of the project, so it has attracted the attention of engineering circles and researchers.
目前，对于高水头泄洪洞空蚀破坏的防护，仅采用保证壁面平整度及使用抗空蚀材料的方法己不能很好满足要求，实践证明，掺气减蚀是一种经济有效且技术可行的工程措施。目前工程中通常采用在泄水建筑物过流面上设置掺气槽/坎的方法进行掺气减蚀，这些掺气设施按照所处的位置可以分为底部掺气和侧墙掺气两种，其作用是增加泄水建筑物底部和侧墙处的掺气浓度。由于高速水流问题的复杂性，掺气设施的减蚀效果目前还难以通过数学模型进行模拟，通常采用减压模型试验进行论证。 At present, for the protection of cavitation damage in high-head spillway tunnels, only the method of ensuring the flatness of the wall and using anti-cavitation materials cannot meet the requirements well. Practice has proved that aerated corrosion reduction is an economical, effective and technically feasible solution. engineering measures. At present, the method of aeration tanks/sills on the flow surface of drainage structures is usually used in engineering to reduce corrosion by aeration. These aeration facilities can be divided into bottom aeration and side wall aeration according to their location. , whose function is to increase the air entrainment concentration at the bottom and side walls of the drainage structure. Due to the complexity of high-speed water flow problems, the corrosion reduction effect of aerated facilities is currently difficult to simulate through mathematical models, and decompression model tests are usually used for demonstration.
传统减压试验理论认为，一般水流空化发生在严重的负压区，而常压试验，高负压容易产生虚拟负压的问题，所以模型试验中大气压强必须根据模型比尺进行降低。具体原则是，减压模型采用重力相似设计，在试验中保持模型与原型的空化数相等，即： The traditional decompression test theory believes that generally water flow cavitation occurs in a severe negative pressure area, but in normal pressure tests, high negative pressure is prone to the problem of virtual negative pressure, so the atmospheric pressure in the model test must be reduced according to the model scale. The specific principle is that the decompression model adopts a similar gravity design, and the cavitation numbers of the model and the prototype are kept equal during the test, namely:
（1） (1)
式中，—水流空化数； In the formula, - water flow cavitation number;
—大气压力； -Atmospheric pressure;
—计算断面处时均压力； — Calculate the time-average pressure at the section;
—汽化压力； -vapor pressure;
—断面平均流速； - the average flow velocity of the cross-section;
—重力加速度。 — acceleration due to gravity.
则可得到减压箱内模型应控制的气压为： Then the air pressure that should be controlled by the model in the decompression box can be obtained as:
（2） (2)
—模型比尺。 - Model scale.
减压模型试验过程中，随时根据减压箱内工作水温与所相应的汽化压力的变化由（2）式得到减压箱内的气压值。 During the decompression model test, the air pressure value in the decompression box can be obtained from formula (2) according to the change of the working water temperature in the decompression box and the corresponding vaporization pressure at any time .
减压箱内的真空度为： The vacuum degree in the decompression box is:
（3） (3)
式中，为试验室大气压。 In the formula, is the laboratory atmospheric pressure.
根据以上试验方法，如模型无空化现象，原型则无空蚀破坏。 According to the above test methods, if the model has no cavitation phenomenon, the prototype will have no cavitation damage.
根据传统减压试验理论，减压箱内真空度与模型比尺密切相关。在大比尺(＝40左右)模型试验中，为了达到水流空化数相同，试验必须在高真空度(相似真空度大于95％)下进行。目前的掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法如图2所示，是将整个掺气减蚀模型置于减压箱7中，掺气减蚀模型包括底板1、掺气孔3、底部掺气设施5和通气管4，掺气设施5的通气管4也位于减压箱7内部的真空环境中，水流以及水流周围的空气被抽走，因此掺气设施的掺气量远远小于原型，不能真实反应掺气设施的减蚀效果。以大朝山水电站模型试验为例，该模型比尺＝40，相似真空度96％左右，模型试验中通气设施从减压箱内部进气，此时箱体内绝大部分空气被抽出，水流基本在无空气环境中运行，水中几乎无掺气，在模型中观测到有空化噪声，但2002年6月的水力学原型观测表明，原型运行并未出现空蚀破坏，即减压试验结果与原型是不相似的。 According to the traditional decompression test theory, the vacuum degree in the decompression box is compared with the model scale closely related. In large scale ( = about 40) in the model test, in order to achieve the same cavitation number of water flow, the test must be carried out under high vacuum degree (similar vacuum degree is greater than 95%). The current decompression test method of the aerated corrosion reduction model is shown in Figure 2. The entire aerated corrosion reduction model is placed in the decompression box 7. The aerated corrosion reduction model includes the bottom plate 1, the aeration hole 3, and the bottom aeration facility. 5 and the air pipe 4, the air pipe 4 of the aeration facility 5 is also located in the vacuum environment inside the decompression box 7, the water flow and the air around the water flow are sucked away, so the aeration amount of the aeration facility is far smaller than that of the prototype, which cannot be real Reflect the corrosion reduction effect of aeration facilities. Taking the model test of Dachaoshan Hydropower Station as an example, the scale of the model is 40, and the similar vacuum degree is about 96%. Operation in an air-free environment, almost no aeration in the water, cavitation noise was observed in the model, but the observation of the hydraulic prototype in June 2002 showed that there was no cavitation damage in the prototype operation, that is, the results of the decompression test and the prototype are not similar.
从以上的减压箱真空度计算公式中也可以看出，如要降低减压模型试验的真空度，增加减压环境中掺气设施的通气量，只有采用尽可能小的模型比尺，即增大模型尺寸。例如，将相似真空度控制在90％，相应的模型比尺约为＝12左右，200～300m高坝模型高度将达到20～30m，对于目前的大型乃至巨型水利工程模型试验而言，这一方法是不经济的，也是不现实的。而且即使相似真空度降低至90％，其掺气量也远远小于常压下的掺气量。 It can also be seen from the above formula for calculating the vacuum degree of the decompression chamber that if we want to reduce the vacuum degree of the decompression model test and increase the ventilation volume of the aeration facility in the decompression environment, we must use the smallest possible model scale, that is, Increase the model size. For example, if the similar vacuum degree is controlled at 90%, the corresponding model scale is about =12 or so, the height of the 200-300m high dam model will reach 20-30m. For the current large-scale or even giant water conservancy project model tests, this method is uneconomical and unrealistic. Moreover, even if the similar vacuum degree is reduced to 90%, the amount of gas mixed is far less than that under normal pressure.
综上所述，传统的掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法将整个模型置于真空环境中，掺气设施从减压箱中进气，无法满足模型与原型的通气量相似，试验结果难以反应原型的掺气减蚀效果。 To sum up, the traditional aeration and corrosion reduction model decompression test method puts the entire model in a vacuum environment, and the aeration facility takes the air from the decompression box, which cannot satisfy the similarity between the model and the prototype, and the test results are difficult to reflect. Gas entrainment corrosion reduction effect of the prototype.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：针对以上现有技术存在缺点，提出一种掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法，可以解决减压试验中掺气设施通气量不相似的问题。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: aiming at the shortcomings of the above prior art, a model decompression test method for aeration and corrosion reduction is proposed, which can solve the problem of dissimilarity in the ventilation volume of aeration facilities in the decompression test.
本发明解决以上技术问题的技术方案是： The technical scheme that the present invention solves above technical problem is:
掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法，掺气减蚀模型减压试验的装置包括减压箱、真空泵和设有掺气设施的掺气减蚀模型，真空泵通过真空泵抽气管道与减压箱连接，掺气减蚀模型位于减压箱内，掺气设施上接有通气管；将掺气设施的通气管通至减压箱外部，从常压环境中进气，但掺气减蚀模型仍处于减压箱的真空环境中，减压箱的真空度为传统减压试验的理论值。 The decompression test method of the aerated corrosion reduction model. The device for the decompression test of the aerated corrosion reduction model includes a decompression box, a vacuum pump and an aerated corrosion reduction model equipped with aeration facilities. The vacuum pump is connected to the decompression box through the vacuum pump exhaust pipe , the air-entrainment corrosion reduction model is located in the decompression box, and the air-entrainment facility is connected with an air pipe; the air pipe of the aeration facility is connected to the outside of the decompression box, and the air is fed from the normal pressure environment, but the air-entrainment corrosion reduction model is still In the vacuum environment of the decompression box, the vacuum degree of the decompression box is the theoretical value of the traditional decompression test.
本发明进一步限定的技术方案是： The technical scheme further defined in the present invention is:
前述的掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法，掺气设施为底部掺气设施，其体型为挑坎、跌坎、掺气槽、差动坎或其中二者、三者的组合型掺气设施。 For the aforesaid aeration and corrosion reduction model decompression test method, the aeration facility is a bottom aeration facility, and its body type is a lifting ridge, a drop ridge, an aeration tank, a differential ridge, or a combination of two or three of them .
前述的掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法，掺气设施为侧墙掺气设施，其体型为挑坎、突扩或二者组合型掺气设施。 In the aforementioned aeration and corrosion reduction model decompression test method, the aeration facility is a side wall aeration facility, and its body type is a ridge, sudden expansion or a combination of the two aeration facilities.
前述的掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法，掺气设施为底部掺气与侧墙掺气组合型掺气设施。 In the aforementioned aeration and corrosion reduction model decompression test method, the aeration facility is a combination of bottom aeration and side wall aeration.
本发明的优点是：本发明解决了减压试验模型和原型通气量不相似的问题，科学地反应原型工程的掺气减蚀效果，对于高流速泄水建筑物掺气减蚀措施的设计与优化具有重要的参考价值。 The advantages of the present invention are: the present invention solves the problem that the decompression test model and the prototype ventilation volume are not similar, scientifically reflects the aeration and corrosion reduction effect of the prototype project, and is suitable for the design and application of aeration and corrosion reduction measures for high-flow rate drainage structures. Optimization has important reference value.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1a为底部掺气为挑坎与掺气槽组合型式的通气管布置示意图。 Fig. 1a is a schematic diagram of the layout of the ventilation pipe in the combination of a ridge and an aeration tank at the bottom.
图1b为底部掺气为挑坎型式的通气管布置示意图。 Fig. 1b is a schematic diagram of the layout of the ventilation pipe with the bottom aeration as the ridge type.
图1c为底部掺气为挑坎、跌坎与掺气槽组合型式的通气管布置示意图。 Figure 1c is a schematic diagram of the layout of the ventilation pipe with the bottom aeration as a combination of lifting ridge, falling ridge and aeration tank.
图1d为底部掺气与侧墙掺气组合型掺气设施的通气管布置示意图。 Figure 1d is a schematic diagram of the layout of the ventilation pipes of the combined bottom aeration and side wall aeration facility.
图1e为底部掺气与侧墙掺气组合型掺气设施的通气管布置示意图。 Figure 1e is a schematic diagram of the layout of the ventilation pipes of the combined bottom aeration and side wall aeration facility.
图1f为底部掺气与侧墙掺气组合型掺气设施的通气管布置示意图。 Figure 1f is a schematic diagram of the layout of the ventilation pipes of the combined bottom aeration and side wall aeration facility.
图2为传统掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法示意图。 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the traditional aerated corrosion reduction model decompression test method.
图3为本发明的掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法示意图。 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the decompression test method of the aerated corrosion reduction model of the present invention.
图4为挑坎型底部掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法示意图。 Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the decompression test method of the aeration and corrosion reduction model at the bottom of the raised ridge.
图5为挑坎型底部掺气和挑坎型侧墙掺气的组合减蚀模型减压试验方法示意图。 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the decompression test method of the combined corrosion reduction model with aeration at the bottom of the sill and side wall of the sill.
图6为通气孔全部关闭时的空化噪声波形图。 Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of cavitation noise when all vent holes are closed.
图7为通气孔从减压箱内部进气时的空化噪声波形图。 Fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of cavitation noise when the vent hole takes in air from the inside of the decompression box.
图8为通气孔从减压箱外部进气时的空化噪声波形图。 Fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of cavitation noise when the vent hole takes in air from the outside of the decompression box.
图9为通气孔从减压箱外部进气时的空化噪声波形图。 Fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of cavitation noise when the vent hole takes in air from the outside of the decompression box.
图10为通气孔从减压箱外部进气时的空化噪声波形图。 Fig. 10 is a waveform diagram of cavitation noise when the vent hole takes in air from the outside of the decompression box.
图11为通气孔从减压箱外部进气时的空化噪声波形图。 Fig. 11 is a waveform diagram of cavitation noise when the vent hole takes in air from the outside of the decompression box.
上述图中，1为底板，2为侧墙，3为掺气孔，4为通气管，5为底部掺气设施，6为侧墙掺气设施，7为减压箱，8为真空泵抽气管道，9为真空泵，10为通气量控制阀门，11为空气流量计，箭头F表示水流方向，箭头A代表气流方向。 In the above figure, 1 is the bottom plate, 2 is the side wall, 3 is the aeration hole, 4 is the ventilation pipe, 5 is the bottom aeration facility, 6 is the side wall aeration facility, 7 is the decompression box, and 8 is the vacuum pump exhaust pipe , 9 is a vacuum pump, 10 is a ventilation volume control valve, 11 is an air flow meter, arrow F represents the direction of water flow, and arrow A represents the direction of air flow.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
本实施例是一种掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法，如图3所示，掺气减蚀模型减压试验的装置包括减压箱7、真空泵9和设有掺气设施的掺气减蚀模型，真空泵9通过真空泵抽气管道8与减压箱7连接，掺气减蚀模型位于减压箱7内，掺气设施上接有通气管4；将掺气设施的通气管4通至减压箱7外部，从常压环境中进气，但掺气减蚀模型仍处于减压箱的真空环境中，减压箱的真空度为传统减压试验的理论值。通气管4上设有通气量控制阀门10和空气流量计11。 This embodiment is a method for decompression test of the aeration and corrosion reduction model. As shown in Figure 3, the device for the decompression test of the aeration and corrosion reduction model includes a decompression box 7, a vacuum pump 9 and an aeration and decompression test method provided with aeration facilities. Corrosion model, the vacuum pump 9 is connected to the decompression box 7 through the vacuum pump exhaust pipe 8, the aeration corrosion reduction model is located in the decompression box 7, and the aeration facility is connected with the ventilation pipe 4; the ventilation pipe 4 of the aeration facility is connected to Outside the decompression box 7, the intake air is from the normal pressure environment, but the aerated corrosion reduction model is still in the vacuum environment of the decompression box, and the vacuum degree of the decompression box is the theoretical value of the traditional decompression test. The ventilation pipe 4 is provided with a ventilation volume control valve 10 and an air flow meter 11 .
掺气设施为底部掺气设施，其体型为挑坎、跌坎、掺气槽、差动坎或其中二者、三者的组合型掺气设施；掺气设施为侧墙掺气设施，其体型为挑坎、突扩或二者组合型掺气设施；掺气设施为底部掺气与侧墙掺气组合型掺气设施。图1a为底部掺气为挑坎与掺气槽组合型式的通气管布置示意图；图1b为底部掺气为挑坎型式的通气管布置示意图；图1c为底部掺气为挑坎、跌坎与掺气槽组合型式的通气管布置示意图；图1d为底部掺气与侧墙掺气组合型掺气设施的通气管布置示意图，其中底部掺气为挑坎与跌坎组合型式，侧墙掺气为挑坎型式；图1e为底部掺气与侧墙掺气组合型掺气设施的通气管布置示意图，其中底部掺气为跌坎型式，侧墙掺气为突扩型式；图1f为底部掺气与侧墙掺气组合型掺气设施的通气管布置示意图，其中底部掺气为差动坎与掺气槽组合型式，侧墙掺气为挑坎与突扩组合型式。 The aeration facility is a bottom aeration facility, and its body type is a combination of lifting sill, drop sill, aeration tank, differential sill, or two or three of them; the aeration facility is a side wall aeration facility, and its The body type is the aeration facility of lifting ridge, sudden expansion or a combination of the two; the aeration facility is a combination of bottom aeration and side wall aeration. Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of the layout of the ventilation pipe with the bottom aeration as a combination of ridge and aeration tank; Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of the layout of the ventilation pipe with the bottom aeration as a ridge; Schematic diagram of the layout of the ventilation pipe of the combination type of aeration tank; Figure 1d is a schematic diagram of the layout of the ventilation pipe of the combination type of aeration facility at the bottom and the side wall, in which the bottom aeration is a combination of lifting and falling sills, and the side wall is aeration It is a raised ridge type; Fig. 1e is a schematic diagram of the ventilation pipe layout of the combined aeration facility with bottom aeration and side wall aeration, in which the bottom aeration is a drop sill type, and the side wall aeration is a sudden expansion type; Fig. 1f is a bottom aeration Schematic diagram of the layout of the ventilation pipes of the air and side wall aeration combined type aeration facility, in which the bottom aeration is a combination of differential sill and aeration tank, and the side wall aeration is a combination of raised sill and sudden expansion.
图4中模型位于减压箱内部真空环境中，但挑坎型底部掺气设施的通气管连接至减压箱外部，从常压环境中进气，进气量通过阀门10控制，相应的通气量数值从空气流量计11读出。图5中模型位于减压箱内部真空环境中，掺气设施为挑坎型底部掺气和挑坎型侧墙掺气的组合型式，通气管连接至减压箱外部，从常压环境中进气，进气量通过阀门10控制，相应的通气量数值从空气流量计11读出。 The model in Fig. 4 is located in the vacuum environment inside the decompression box, but the ventilation pipe of the aeration facility at the bottom of the sill is connected to the outside of the decompression box, and the air is fed from the normal pressure environment. The amount of air intake is controlled by the valve 10, and the corresponding ventilation The volume value is read from the air flow meter 11 . The model in Fig. 5 is located in the vacuum environment inside the decompression box. The aeration facility is a combination of aeration at the bottom of the sill and side wall of the sill. The intake air volume is controlled by the valve 10, and the corresponding ventilation volume value is read from the air flow meter 11.
图6为通气孔全部关闭时的空化噪声波形图，从图中明显看到有尖脉冲信号，说明此时有空化发生。 Figure 6 is the waveform diagram of cavitation noise when the vent holes are all closed. From the figure, it is obvious that there is a sharp pulse signal, indicating that cavitation occurs at this time.
图7为通气孔从减压箱内部进气时的空化噪声波形图，从图中明显看到有尖脉冲信号，说明此时有空化发生；通过图6和图7的波形对比分析可知，两种情况下的空化程度基本相当，说明在高真空环境中传统的掺气减蚀模型减压试验方法通气量非常小，可以认为几乎不通气，模型中存在空化现象，并且空化程度与不通气工况基本相当。 Figure 7 is a waveform diagram of cavitation noise when the vent hole takes in air from the inside of the decompression box. It is obvious from the figure that there is a sharp pulse signal, indicating that cavitation occurs at this time; it can be seen from the comparison and analysis of the waveforms in Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the degree of cavitation in the two cases is basically the same, indicating that in the high-vacuum environment, the traditional aerated corrosion reduction model decompression test method has a very small ventilation volume, which can be considered as almost no ventilation, and the cavitation phenomenon exists in the model, and the cavitation The degree is basically the same as that of the unventilated condition.
图8为通气孔从减压箱外部进气时的空化噪声波形图，通气管进气量为1.59m3/s；图9为通气孔从减压箱外部进气时的空化噪声波形图，通气管进气量为3.18m3/s；图10为通气孔从减压箱外部进气时的空化噪声波形图，通气管进气量为4.76m3/s；图11为通气孔从减压箱外部进气时的空化噪声波形图，通气管进气量为7.94m3/s。图8～图11说明，当通气管从外界大气环境中进气时，由于水中掺气量显著增加，空化程度明显减弱，当通气管进气量达7.94m3/s时，掺气槽下游已无明显空化。 Figure 8 is the waveform of cavitation noise when the air intake is from the outside of the decompression box, and the intake volume of the air pipe is 1.59m3/s; Figure 9 is the waveform of cavitation noise when the air intake is from the outside of the decompression box , the intake air volume of the vent pipe is 3.18m3/s; Figure 10 is the cavitation noise waveform diagram when the air intake is from the outside of the decompression box, and the air intake volume of the vent pipe is 4.76m3/s; Figure 11 is the air intake from the decompression box Waveform diagram of cavitation noise when the intake air is outside the pressure box, the air intake volume of the vent pipe is 7.94m3/s. Figures 8 to 11 illustrate that when the vent pipe takes in air from the external atmosphere, the degree of cavitation is significantly weakened due to the significant increase in the amount of air in the water. No obvious cavitation.
本发明还可以有其它实施方式，凡采用同等替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求保护的范围之内。 The present invention can also have other implementation modes, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention. the
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| CN104198208B (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-08-24 | 中国航天科技集团公司川南机械厂 | A kind of rapid decompression assay device |
| CN107421846B (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2023-03-14 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Negative pressure type aeration concentration instrument and operation method thereof |
| CN108225728B (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2020-06-02 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for measuring and calculating relationship between jet velocity and air carrying capacity |
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