CN102434587A - Permanent magnet passive type axial magnetic suspension bearing with passive damping effect - Google Patents
Permanent magnet passive type axial magnetic suspension bearing with passive damping effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明所述的具有被动阻尼作用的永磁被动式轴向磁悬浮轴承,该磁轴承为分装式,由静止部分和可动部分组成。静止部分包括定子轴承安装套、定子阻尼安装套、定子导磁环、定子永磁体、定子阻尼永磁体;可动部分为空心杯结构,包括转子轴、空心杯转子、转子齿、阻尼铜套。在静止部分中,3块定子永磁体与4块定子导磁环沿轴向交叉依次排列,共同安装在定子轴承安装套上,为系统提供刚度。定子阻尼永磁体由3块永磁体按Halbach充磁方式组成,安装在定子阻尼安装套上,为系统提供阻尼。本发明节省了轴向传感器及控制系统,缩小了体积、减轻了重量、消除了损耗。其被动阻尼结构能迅速衰减转子的震荡、提高系统的可靠性。
The permanent magnet passive axial magnetic suspension bearing with passive damping effect described in the present invention is a split-type magnetic bearing, which consists of a stationary part and a movable part. The stationary part includes a stator bearing mounting sleeve, a stator damping mounting sleeve, a stator magnetic ring, a stator permanent magnet, and a stator damping permanent magnet; the movable part is a hollow cup structure, including a rotor shaft, a hollow cup rotor, rotor teeth, and a damping copper sleeve. In the stationary part, three stator permanent magnets and four stator magnetic rings are arranged in sequence along the axial direction and are installed on the stator bearing mounting sleeve together to provide stiffness for the system. The stator damping permanent magnet is composed of three permanent magnets according to the Halbach magnetization method, which are installed on the stator damping mounting sleeve to provide damping for the system. The present invention saves axial sensors and control systems, reduces volume, reduces weight, and eliminates losses. Its passive damping structure can quickly attenuate the vibration of the rotor and improve the reliability of the system.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种非接触磁悬浮轴承,特别是一种具有被动阻尼作用的永磁被动式轴向磁悬浮轴承,可作为电机、机床等机械设备中旋转部件的无接触支撑。The invention relates to a non-contact magnetic suspension bearing, in particular to a permanent magnet passive axial magnetic suspension bearing with passive damping effect, which can be used as non-contact support for rotating parts in mechanical equipment such as motors and machine tools.
背景技术 Background technique
磁悬浮轴承分为主动式和被动式,主动式磁悬浮轴承是在永磁偏置基础上叠加控制线圈所产生的磁场而成的磁悬浮轴承,被动式磁悬浮轴承是只有永磁磁场而成的磁悬浮轴承。主动式磁悬浮轴承能够提供可变刚度和阻尼的悬浮支撑,因此可以承受较大的动载荷,有较强的运动稳定性。但它也有几个方面的不足,其一是必须安装多个对精度要求较高的传感器,一旦一个传感器时效,就不能正常支撑,从而降低了系统的可靠性;其二时需要高品质的控制器和高性能的功率放大器,增加了系统的复杂性及系统失效的可能,同时也导致支承系统体积较大。被动式磁轴承则不需要激磁电流,不需传感器及控制器,结构简单紧凑。但被动式磁悬浮轴承在被支撑件发生轴向位移时容易产生位移震荡,影响了系统的可靠性,目前采用的方法是在被动式磁悬浮轴承的基础上,在轴向或径向处加一个主动控制线圈,该方法可以消除位移震荡,但这将增加了控制主动线圈电流所增加的控制器,同时在系统的轴向要设置轴向传感器。Halbach磁场具有一边磁场削弱、一边磁场加强的特点。所以,采用Halbach磁场结构的被动阻尼器,在使用的永磁材料体积相同的情况下能获得最大的阻尼。Magnetic suspension bearings are divided into active and passive types. Active magnetic suspension bearings are magnetic suspension bearings that superimpose the magnetic field generated by the control coil on the basis of permanent magnetic bias. Passive magnetic suspension bearings are magnetic suspension bearings that only have permanent magnetic fields. Active magnetic suspension bearings can provide suspension supports with variable stiffness and damping, so they can withstand large dynamic loads and have strong motion stability. But it also has several deficiencies. One is that multiple sensors that require high precision must be installed. Once a sensor expires, it cannot be supported normally, thereby reducing the reliability of the system. Second, high-quality control is required. Devices and high-performance power amplifiers increase the complexity of the system and the possibility of system failure, and also lead to a larger volume of the support system. Passive magnetic bearings do not require excitation current, sensors and controllers, and have a simple and compact structure. However, passive magnetic suspension bearings are prone to displacement shocks when the supported parts are displaced axially, which affects the reliability of the system. The current method is to add an active control coil in the axial or radial direction on the basis of passive magnetic suspension bearings. , this method can eliminate the displacement oscillation, but this will increase the controller to control the increase of the active coil current, and at the same time, an axial sensor should be installed in the axial direction of the system. The Halbach magnetic field has the characteristics of weakening the magnetic field on one side and strengthening the magnetic field on the other. Therefore, the passive damper using the Halbach magnetic field structure can obtain the maximum damping under the condition that the volume of the permanent magnet material used is the same.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的技术解决问题是:克服现有技术的不足,提供一种具有被动阻尼作用的永磁被动式轴向磁悬浮轴承,这种轴承无功耗、体积小、重量轻、加工制造方便、提高了系统的可靠性。The technical problem of the present invention is: to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a permanent magnet passive axial magnetic suspension bearing with passive damping effect, this bearing has no power consumption, small volume, light weight, convenient processing and manufacturing, and improves System reliability.
本发明的技术解决方案是:具有被动阻尼作用的永磁被动式轴向磁悬浮轴承,其特征在于:该磁轴承为分装式,由静止部分和可动部分组成,静止部分与设备的固定部分相连,可动部分与设备的转动部分相连。静止部分包括定子轴承安装套、定子阻尼安装套、定子导磁环、定子永磁体、定子阻尼永磁;可动部分包括转子轴、空心杯转子、转子齿、阻尼铜套,在静止部分中,定子永磁体与定子导磁环沿轴向交叉依次排列,共同安装在定子轴承安装套上,定子永磁体为轴向充磁,以同极相对的形式排列,定子阻尼永磁体位于轴承安装套内侧,按Halbach充磁方式组成,安装在定子阻尼安装套上,定子阻尼安装套与定子轴承安装套在一端相连,并共同安装在定子上,在转动部分中,空心杯转子内侧为阻尼铜套,空心杯转子外侧为转子齿,转子齿的数量与定子导磁环的数量一致,且每个转子齿的轴向长度与其对应的定子导磁环的轴向长度一致,两者在轴向位置上对齐,转子齿外侧为定子导磁环,两者留有一定的间隙,形成气隙,阻尼铜套内侧为定子阻尼永磁体,两者也留有一定的间隙,形成阻尼气隙。其特征在于:定子导磁环每块厚度不同,位于相邻定子永磁体之间的定子导磁环厚度为2~6mm,而位于与定子轴承安装套相连的定子导磁环的厚度为相邻定子永磁体之间定子导磁环厚度的一半。阻尼铜套的厚度为1~2mm,采用普通纯铜经钝化处理制成。定子永磁体与定子阻尼永磁体为圆环结构,采用稀土永磁材料或铁氧体永磁材料制成。定子导磁环采用导磁性能良好的材料,如电工纯铁制成。定子阻尼安装套、定子轴承安装套采用强度较高的不导磁材料,如1Cr18Ni9Ti制成。转子轴、空心杯转子和转子齿采用强度较高的导磁材料,如40Cr制成。The technical solution of the present invention is: a permanent magnet passive axial magnetic suspension bearing with passive damping effect, which is characterized in that: the magnetic bearing is a split type, composed of a static part and a movable part, and the static part is connected with the fixed part of the equipment , the movable part is connected with the rotating part of the equipment. The static part includes the stator bearing installation sleeve, the stator damping installation sleeve, the stator magnetic ring, the stator permanent magnet, and the stator damping permanent magnet; the movable part includes the rotor shaft, the coreless rotor, the rotor teeth, and the damping copper sleeve. In the static part, Stator permanent magnets and stator magnetic conducting rings are arranged crosswise along the axial direction, and are installed together on the stator bearing installation sleeve. The stator permanent magnets are axially magnetized and arranged in the form of opposite poles. The stator damping permanent magnet is located inside the bearing installation sleeve. According to the Halbach magnetization method, it is installed on the stator damping installation sleeve. The stator damping installation sleeve and the stator bearing installation sleeve are connected at one end and are installed on the stator together. In the rotating part, the inner side of the hollow cup rotor is a damping copper sleeve. The outer side of the hollow cup rotor is the rotor teeth. The number of rotor teeth is the same as the number of stator magnetic rings, and the axial length of each rotor tooth is consistent with the axial length of the corresponding stator magnetic ring. Alignment, the outer side of the rotor teeth is the stator magnetic ring, and there is a certain gap between the two to form an air gap. The inner side of the damping copper sleeve is the stator damping permanent magnet, and there is also a certain gap between the two to form a damping air gap. It is characterized in that: the thickness of each stator magnetic ring is different, the thickness of the stator magnetic ring located between the adjacent stator permanent magnets is 2 ~ 6mm, and the thickness of the stator magnetic ring connected to the stator bearing installation sleeve is 2-6mm. Half of the thickness of the stator magnetic ring between the stator permanent magnets. The thickness of the damping copper sleeve is 1-2 mm, and it is made of ordinary pure copper through passivation treatment. The stator permanent magnet and the stator damping permanent magnet are ring structures, and are made of rare earth permanent magnet materials or ferrite permanent magnet materials. The stator magnetic ring is made of materials with good magnetic properties, such as electrical pure iron. The stator damping installation sleeve and the stator bearing installation sleeve are made of high-strength non-magnetic materials, such as 1Cr18Ni9Ti. The rotor shaft, coreless rotor and rotor teeth are made of high strength magnetic material, such as 40Cr.
本发明的原理是:具有被动阻尼作用的永磁被动式轴向磁悬浮轴承,利用永磁体磁阻力提供轴向刚度,利用置于磁场中铜片的涡流提供阻尼力。每块定子永磁体3经其两侧的定子导磁环2、气隙4及定子导磁环2对应的转子齿10形成闭合回路,如图2所示。当转子受到外部干扰而产生轴向偏移时,每环定子导磁环2与其对应的转子齿10出现轴向偏移从而在气隙4中产生与外部干扰力方向相反的轴向回复力,使得转子保持轴向稳定。定子阻尼永磁体6为Halbach排列,经过阻尼气隙7、阻尼铜套8及空心杯转子9形成闭合回路,如图2所示。当转子轴向出现震荡时,定子阻尼永磁体6将在阻尼铜套8上产生磁通变化,并产生阻尼电流,阻止转子的震荡,使转子恢复到稳定状态。The principle of the invention is: the permanent magnet passive axial magnetic suspension bearing with passive damping function uses the magnetic resistance of the permanent magnet to provide axial stiffness, and uses the eddy current of the copper sheet placed in the magnetic field to provide damping force. Each stator
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于:与现有主动式轴向磁悬浮轴承相比,节省轴向传感器、控制线圈以及控制线圈所需要的控制器,缩小了体积、减轻了重量、消除了损耗、提高了系统的可靠性;与现有被动式轴向磁悬浮轴承相比,本发明转子采用杯形结构,使得阻尼铜套可以安装于杯形转子的内壁上,能为系统提供较大的阻尼,省去了主动控制线圈,简化了结构,保持了系统的可靠性。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that: compared with the existing active axial magnetic suspension bearing, it saves the axial sensor, the control coil and the controller required by the control coil, reduces the volume, reduces the weight, eliminates loss and improve the reliability of the system; compared with the existing passive axial magnetic suspension bearing, the rotor of the present invention adopts a cup-shaped structure, so that the damping copper sleeve can be installed on the inner wall of the cup-shaped rotor, which can provide greater damping for the system , eliminating the active control coil, simplifying the structure and maintaining the reliability of the system.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明的具有被动阻尼作用的永磁被动式轴向磁悬浮轴承结构图。Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a permanent magnet passive axial magnetic suspension bearing with passive damping function according to the present invention.
图2为本发明的具有被动阻尼作用的永磁被动式轴向磁悬浮轴承磁路图。Fig. 2 is a magnetic circuit diagram of the permanent magnet passive axial magnetic suspension bearing with passive damping function of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
图1为本发明的基本形式,该磁轴承为分装式,由静止部分和可动部分组成,静止部分与设备的固定部分相连,可动部分与设备的转动部分相连。静止部分包括1个定子轴承安装套1、1个定子阻尼安装套5、4个定子导磁环2、3个定子永磁体3、3个定子阻尼永磁体6;可动部分包括1个转子轴11、1个空心杯转子9、4个转子齿4、1个阻尼铜套8。在静止部分中,3个定子永磁体3与4个定子导磁环交叉依次排列,共同安装在定子轴承安装套1上,3块定子永磁体3都为轴向充磁,以同极相对的形式排列。定子阻尼永磁体6由3块永磁体按Halbach充磁方式组成,第一块永磁体为径向充磁,方向为辐射向外,第二块永磁体为轴向充磁,方向向上,第三块永磁体为径向充磁,方向为辐射向内,三块永磁体共同安装在定子阻尼安装套5上。空心杯转子9外侧为4个转子齿10,每个转子齿10的轴向长度与其对应的定子导磁环2的轴向长度一致,两者在轴向位置上对齐。定子导磁环2每块厚度不同,位于相邻定子永磁体3之间的定子导磁环2厚度为2~6mm,而位于与定子轴承安装套1相连的定子导磁环2的厚度为相邻定子永磁体3之间定子导磁环2厚度的一半。空心杯转子9内侧为阻尼铜套8,厚度为1~2mm。定子导磁环2内表面与其对应的转子齿10外表面留有一定的间隙,形成气隙4,定子阻尼永磁体6外表面与阻尼铜套8内表面也留有一定的间隙,形成阻尼气隙7。Fig. 1 is the basic form of the present invention, and this magnetic bearing is subpackage type, is made up of static part and movable part, and static part is connected with the fixed part of equipment, and movable part is connected with the rotating part of equipment. The static part includes 1 stator bearing
本发明所述的定子永磁体3与定子阻尼永磁体6为圆环结构,采用稀土永磁材料或铁氧体永磁材料制成。定子导磁环2采用导磁性能良好的材料,如电工纯铁制成。定子阻尼安装套6、定子轴承安装套1采用强度较高的不导磁材料,如1Cr18Ni9Ti制成。所述的转子轴11、空心杯转子9和转子齿10采用强度较高的导磁材料,如40Cr制成。阻尼铜套8采用普通纯铜经钝化处理制成。The stator
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