CN102433129A - Polymerizable liquid crystal composition - Google Patents
Polymerizable liquid crystal composition Download PDFInfo
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- CN102433129A CN102433129A CN2011102741279A CN201110274127A CN102433129A CN 102433129 A CN102433129 A CN 102433129A CN 2011102741279 A CN2011102741279 A CN 2011102741279A CN 201110274127 A CN201110274127 A CN 201110274127A CN 102433129 A CN102433129 A CN 102433129A
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- liquid crystal
- polymerizable liquid
- crystal compound
- phase
- blooming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/02—Liquid crystal materials characterised by optical, electrical or physical properties of the components, in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
Abstract
A polymerizable liquid crystal composition is provided to easily obtain an optical film in which smetic phases are arranged horizontally. A polymerizable liquid crystal composition comprises a liquid crystal compound(17) oriented to form smetic phase, a leveling agent and a solvent. The leveling agent is at least one kind selected from a group consisting of a leveling agent containing a polyacrylate compound as a main component, and a leveling agent containing a fluorine-containing compound as a main component. The content of the leveling agent is 0.3-5 parts by weight on the basis of 100.0 parts by weight of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition has nematic phase in temperature range between the temperature having smetic phase and the temperature having isotropic phase.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
Background technology
Liquid crystal indicator uses bloomings such as light polarizing film, phase retardation film.In addition, the Japan spy shows to disclose in the 2008-547062 communique and is used to make polymerizable liquid crystal compound such blooming, that contain polymerizable liquid crystal compound, Photoepolymerizationinitiater initiater and solvent.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides following technical scheme etc.
[1] a kind of polymerizable liquid crystal compound; It is the polymerizable liquid crystal compound that contains the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, flow agent and the solvent that show smectic phase; Flow agent is to be selected from the ROHM ester cpds to be the flow agent of principal constituent and to be at least a kind in the flow agent of principal constituent with the contain fluorine atoms compound; With respect to polymerizable liquid crystal compound 100 mass parts, the content of flow agent is 0.3 mass parts～5 mass parts.
[2] according to [1] described polymerizable liquid crystal compound, wherein, polymerizable liquid crystal compound is between the temperature of temperature that shows smectic phase and demonstration isotropic phase, to show nematic polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
[3] according to [1] or [2] described polymerizable liquid crystal compound, wherein, further contain the dichroism pigment.
[4] a kind of blooming obtains through making the polymerizable liquid crystal compound polymerization that contains in each described polymerizable liquid crystal compound in [1]～[3].
[5] a kind of method of manufacture of blooming wherein, comprises following operation (1), operation (2) and operation (3),
Operation (1): each described polymerizable liquid crystal compound in [1]～[3] is coated substrate and obtain the operation of coated film,
Operation (2): form the operation of mesomorphic phase in the coated film that in operation (1), obtains,
Operation (3): obtain the operation of blooming through making the polymerizable liquid crystal compound polymerization that contains in the film that is formed with mesomorphic phase that obtains in the operation (2).
[6] according to [5] described method of manufacture, wherein, mesomorphic phase is a smectic phase.
[7] according to [5] or [6] described method of manufacture; Wherein, Operation (2) is following operation: the coated film that obtains in the operation (1) is heated to the polymerizable liquid crystal compound that contains in the coated film changes into more than the nematic temperature; Then, be cooled to the temperature that this polymerizable liquid crystal compound shows smectic phase, thereby obtain the film that this polymerizable liquid crystal compound is oriented to smectic phase.
[8] a kind of display unit wherein, contains [4] described blooming.
[9] a kind of display unit wherein, contains the blooming that obtains through [5] described method of manufacture.
[10] a kind of display unit wherein, contains the blooming that obtains through [6] or [7] described method of manufacture.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of expression as the liquid crystal indicator 10 of one of display unit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of expression as the liquid crystal indicator 24 of one of display unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of expression as the EL display unit 30 of one of display unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of expression as the EL display unit 44 of one of display unit of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of expression as the projection-type liquid crystal display device of one of display unit of the present invention.
Nomenclature
10 liquid crystal indicators
11 antireflection films
12a, 12b light polarizing film
13a, 13b phase retardation film
14a, 14b substrate
15 colour filters
16 transparency electrodes
17 liquid crystal layers
18 interlayer dielectrics
19 back light units
20 black matrixes
21 thin film transistors
22 pixel electrodes
23 dividing plates
24 liquid crystal indicators
30 EL display unit
31 light polarizing film
32 phase retardation films
33 substrates
34 interlayer dielectrics
35 pixel electrodes
36 organic function layers
37 negative electrodes
38 siccative
39 caps
40 thin film transistors
41 ribs
42 thin-film package films
44 EL display unit
111 light sources
112 the 1st lens arras
The 112a lens
113 the 2nd lens arras
114 polarization conversion elements
115 overlapping lens
121,123,132 dichroscopes
122 speculums
140R, 140G, 140B liquid crystal panel
142,143 light polarizing film
150 crossed dichroic prisms
170 projection lens
180 screens
Embodiment
In the present invention, " blooming " be meant can transmitted light, have a film of optical function.Optical function is meant absorption, reflection, diffraction, scattering, refraction, double refraction etc.
A kind of phase retardation film as blooming is used for rectilinearly polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light, perhaps converts circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light into rectilinearly polarized light conversely.
A kind of light polarizing film as blooming is used for the incident light that polarisation does not take place is resolved into orthogonal 2 polarized components, makes a side polarized component transmission, absorbs the opposing party's polarized component.With the polarized component of transmission axially be called the axis of homology, the polarized component that absorbs axially is called absorption axes.
Polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the present invention contains polymerizable liquid crystal compound, flow agent and the solvent that shows smectic phase; Flow agent is to be selected from the ROHM ester cpds to be the flow agent of principal constituent and to be at least a kind in the flow agent of principal constituent with the contain fluorine atoms compound; With respect to polymerizable liquid crystal compound 100 mass parts, the content of flow agent is 0.3 mass parts～5 mass parts.
Polymerizable liquid crystal compound is the compound that has polymerizable group and show liquid crystal liquid crystal property.Polymerizable group is meant the group of the polyreaction of participating in polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
Polymerizable liquid crystal compound is the polymerizable liquid crystal compound that shows smectic phase, preferably between the temperature of temperature that shows smectic phase and demonstration isotropic phase, shows nematic polymerizable liquid crystal compound.When polymerizable liquid crystal compound is such compound, has the trend of the smectic phase that obtains horizontal alignment easily.
As smectic phase, can enumerate smectic A phase, smectic B phase, smectic D phase, smectic E phase, smectic F phase, smectic G phase, smectic H phase, smectic I phase, smectic J phase and smectic K mutually.Wherein, preferred smectic B phase, smectic F mutually and smectic I mutually, more preferably smectic B phase.When the mesomorphic phase that polymerizable liquid crystal compound showed is these mesomorphic phases, can obtain the high blooming of ordered orientation degree.
As polymerizable liquid crystal compound, can enumerate the compound (below be sometimes referred to as " compound (1) ") of formula (1) expression.
U
1-V
1-W
1-X
1-Y
1-X
2-Y
2-X
3-W
2-V
2-U
2 (1)
[X in the formula (1)
1, X
2And X
3Expression can have substituently maybe can have substituent hexanaphthene-1 to phenylene, 4-two bases.Wherein, X
1, X
2And X
3In at least 1 expression can have substituent to phenylene.
Y
1And Y
2Expression-CH independently of each other
2CH
2-,-CH
2O-,-COO-,-OCOO-, singly-bound ,-N=N-,-CR
a=CR
b-,-C ≡ C-or CR
a=N-.
R
aAnd R
bRepresent that independently of each other Wasserstoffatoms or carbonatoms are 1～4 alkyl.
U
1Expression Wasserstoffatoms or polymerizable group.
U
2The expression polymerizable group.
W
1And W
2Represent independently of each other singly-bound ,-O-,-S-,-COO-or OCOO-.
V
1And V
2It is 1～20 alkane two bases that expression independently of each other can have substituent carbonatoms, contain in these alkane two bases-CH
2-can be replaced as-O-,-S-or NH-.]
X
1, X
2And X
3Expression independently of each other can have and substituently maybe can have substituent hexanaphthene-1 to phenylene, 4-two bases.Wherein, X
1, X
2And X
3In at least 1 expression can have substituent 1, the 4-phenylene.
X
1, X
2And X
3In at least 2 be preferably can have substituent to phenylene.
Above-mentioned phenylene is preferably do not have replacement.Above-mentioned hexanaphthene-1,4-two bases are preferably trans-hexanaphthene-1,4-two bases, they more preferably do not have replacement.
As the substituting group that can have, can enumerate carbonatomss such as methyl, ethyl, butyl and be 1～4 alkyl, cyanic acid and fluorine-based (fluorine atom), chloro (chlorine atom), bromo halogen groups (halogen atom) such as (bromine atoms) to phenylene.
As hexanaphthene-1, the substituting group that 4-two bases can have can be enumerated carbonatomss such as methyl, ethyl, butyl and be 1～4 alkyl, cyanic acid and fluorine-based (fluorine atom), chloro (chlorine atom), bromo halogen groups (halogen atom) such as (bromine atoms).Hexanaphthene-1,4-two bases-CH
2-can by-O-,-S-or NR-displacement.R is that carbonatoms is 1～6 alkyl or phenyl.
Y
1And Y
2Expression-CH independently of each other
2CH
2-,-CH
2O-,-COO-,-OCOO-, singly-bound ,-N=N-,-CR
a=CR
b-,-C ≡ C-or CR
a=N-.The binding site of these groups can be any direction.
R
aAnd R
bRepresent that independently of each other Wasserstoffatoms or carbonatoms are 1～4 alkyl.As carbonatoms is that 1～4 alkyl can be enumerated methyl, ethyl, butyl etc.
Y
1Be preferably-CH
2CH
2-,-COO-or singly-bound.
Y
2Be preferably-CH
2CH
2-or CH
2O-.
U
1For Wasserstoffatoms or polymerizable group, be preferably polymerizable group.U
2Be polymerizable group.U
1And U
2Preferably be the photopolymerizable group." photopolymerizable group " is meant that living radical that utilization produces by Photoepolymerizationinitiater initiater, acid etc. can participate in the polymeric group.
U
1And U
2Be preferably the group of identical type.
As polymerizable group, can enumerate vinyl, vinyloxy group, 1-chlorovinyl, pseudoallyl, 4-ethenylphenyl, acryloxy, methacryloxy, oxa-cyclopropyl, oxa-cyclobutyl etc.Wherein, preferred acryloxy, methacryloxy, vinyloxy group, oxa-cyclopropyl and oxa-cyclobutyl, more preferably acryloxy.
V
1And V
2It is 1～20 alkane two bases that expression independently of each other can have substituent carbonatoms, contain in these alkane two bases-CH
2-can be replaced as-O-,-S-or NH-.
As carbonatoms is 1～20 alkane two bases, can enumerate methylene radical, ethylidene, propane-1,3-two bases, butane-1,3-two bases, butane-1; 4-two bases, pentane-1,5-two bases, hexane-1,6-two bases, heptane-1,7-two bases, octane-1; 8-two bases, decane-1,10-two bases, the tetradecane-1,14-two base and eicosanes-1; 20-two bases etc., preferred carbonatoms is 2～12 alkane two bases, more preferably carbonatoms is 6～12 alkane two bases.
As the substituting group that this alkane 2 basis can have, can enumerate cyanic acid and fluorine-based (fluorine atom), chloro (chlorine atom), bromo halogen groups (halogen atom) such as (bromine atoms).
Preferred no substituted alkane 2 basis does not more preferably have substituted straight chain shape alkane 2 basis.
W
1And W
2Represent independently of each other singly-bound ,-O-,-S-,-CO-O-or-O-CO-O-, be preferably singly-bound or-O-.
As compound (1), can enumerate the compound of formula (1-1)～formula (1-21) expression.In following formula, hexanaphthene-1,4-two bases are preferably trans-hexanaphthene-1,4-two bases.
With respect to the solids component 100 quality % of polymerizable liquid crystal compound, the content of compound (1) is preferably 70～99.9 quality %, 90～99.9 quality % more preferably.In the time of in above-mentioned scope, has the trend that the orientation of compound uprises.In this manual, " solids component " is meant the composition beyond desolventizing in total composition of polymerizable liquid crystal compound.Can use the compound (1) more than two kinds.
Flow agent is to be selected from the ROHM ester cpds to be the flow agent of principal constituent and to be at least a kind in the flow agent of principal constituent with the contain fluorine atoms compound.Flow agent be meant the adjustment polymerizable liquid crystal compound flowability, have the material that makes the function that the film that obtains of coating becomes smooth, can enumerate tensio-active agent etc.
Can enumerate BYK-350, BYK-352, BYK-353, BYK-354, BYK-355, BYK-358N, BYK-361N, BYK-380, BYK-381, BYK-392 (being trade(brand)name, BYK Chemie corporate system) etc. as the flow agent that with the ROHM ester cpds is principal constituent.
As being the flow agent of principal constituent with the contain fluorine atoms compound; Can enumerate MEGAFAC (trade(brand)name) R-08, MEGAFAC R-30, MEGAFAC R-90, MEGAFAC F-410, MEGAFAC F-411, MEGAFAC F-443, MEGAFAC F-445, MEGAFAC F-470, MEGAFAC F-471, MEGAFAC F-477, MEGAFAC F-479, MEGAFAC F-482, MEGAFAC F-483 (above) by DIC (strain) system; Surflon (trade(brand)name) S-381, Surflon S-382, Surflon S-383, Surflon S-393, Surflon SC-101, Surflon SC-105, KH-40, SA-100 (above) all by AGC SEIMI CHEMICAL (strain) system, trade(brand)name E1830, trade(brand)name E5844 ((strain) Daikin Fine Chemical institute system), EFTOP (trade(brand)name) EF301, EFTOP EF303, EFTOP EF351, EFTOP EF352 (above) etc. all by Mitsubishi Materials Electronic Chemicals (strain) system.
With respect to polymerizable liquid crystal compound 100 mass parts, the content of flow agent is 0.3 mass parts～5 mass parts, be preferably 0.5 mass parts～3 mass parts.The content of flow agent has the trend that makes composition horizontal alignment that contains in the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the blooming smoothed that obtains easily in above-mentioned scope the time.When the content of flow agent surpassed 5 mass parts, the blooming that obtains was easy to generate inequality.These flow agents use be selected from the ROHM ester cpds as the flow agent of principal constituent and with the contain fluorine atoms compound as in the flow agent of principal constituent more than a kind, also can be with more than 2 kinds and use.
Flow agent is Vestolen PP 7052 ester cpds, contain fluorine atoms compound or the two preferably.
Polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the present invention preferably contains the dichroism pigment.When polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the present invention contained the dichroism pigment, the blooming that obtains had the function as light polarizing film.The dichroism pigment is meant the pigment of the character that the absorbancy on the long axis direction with molecule is different with absorbancy on the short-axis direction.
The dichroism pigment both can be a dyestuff, also can be pigment.As the dichroism pigment, preferably has the dichroism pigment of very big absorbing wavelength at 300～700nm.As the dichroism pigment, can enumerate acridine pigment,
piperazine pigment, anthocyanidin, naphthalene pigment, azopigment and anthraquinone pigment.Also can the combination of the dichroism pigment more than two kinds be used.
As the dichroism pigment, preferred azopigment.As azopigment, can enumerate monoazo pigment, tetrazo pigment, trisazo-pigment, four azopigments and Stilbene azopigment, preferred tetrazo pigment and trisazo-pigment.
As azopigment, can enumerate the compound of formula (2) expression.
A
1(-N＝N-A
2)
p-N＝N-A
3 (2)
[in the formula (2), A
1And A
3Expression independently of one another can have substituent phenyl, can have the heterocyclic radical that substituent naphthyl maybe can have substituent 1 valency.A
2Independently of one another the expression can have substituent to phenylene, can have substituent naphthalene-1,4-two bases maybe can have the heterocyclic radical of substituent divalent.P representes 1～4 integer.When p is the integer more than 2, a plurality of A
2Mutually can be identical, also can be different.]
As the heterocycle of 1 valency, can enumerate the group of from heterocycles such as quinoline ring, thiazole ring, benzothiazole ring, thieno-thiazole ring, imidazole ring, benzoglyoxaline ring,
azoles ring, benzo
azoles ring, removing 1 Wasserstoffatoms.In addition, as the heterocyclic radical of divalent, can enumerate the group of from above-mentioned heterocycle, removing 2 Wasserstoffatomss.
As A
1And A
3In the heterocyclic radical and the A of phenyl, naphthyl and 1 valency
2In to phenylene, naphthalene-1, the substituting group that the heterocyclic radicals of 4-two base and divalent can have can be enumerated carbonatomss such as methyl, ethyl, butyl and be 1～4 alkyl; Carbonatomss such as methoxyl group, oxyethyl group, butoxy are 1～4 alkoxyl group; Carbonatomss such as trifluoromethyl are 1～4 fluoro-alkyl; Cyanic acid; Nitro; Halogen groups such as fluorine-based, chloro, bromo; Amino; Diethylamino, pyrrolidyl etc. are 1～4 the substituted amino of alkyl (on the amino substituted 2 alkyl also can mutually combine and form carbonatoms be 2～8 alkane two bases) by carbonatoms.
As azopigment, the compound of preferred following formula (2-1)～(2-6) expression.
[in the formula (2-1)～(2-6), B
1～B
20Represent that independently of one another Wasserstoffatoms, carbonatoms are that 1～4 alkyl, carbonatoms are 1～4 alkoxyl group, cyanic acid, nitro, amino, are 1～4 the substituted amino of alkyl (on the amino substituted 2 alkyl also can mutually combine and form carbonatoms be 2～8 alkane two bases), chloro (chlorine atom) or trifluoromethyl by carbonatoms.N1～n4 representes 0～3 integer independently of one another.]
As anthraquinone pigment, the compound of preferred formula (2-7) expression.
[in the formula (2-7), R
1～R
8Represent independently of one another Wasserstoffatoms ,-R
x, amino ,-NHR
x,-NR
x 2,-SR
xOr halogen atom, R
xThe expression carbonatoms is that 1～4 alkyl or carbonatoms are 6～12 aryl.]
As the acridine pigment, the compound of preferred formula (2-8) expression.
[in the formula (2-8), R
9～R
15Represent independently of one another Wasserstoffatoms ,-R
x, amino ,-NHR
x,-NR
x 2,-SR
xOr halogen atom, R
xThe expression carbonatoms is that 1～4 alkyl or carbonatoms are 6～12 aryl.]
As
piperazine pigment, the compound of preferred formula (2-9) expression.
[in the formula (2-9), R
16～R
23Represent independently of one another Wasserstoffatoms ,-R
x, amino ,-NHR
x,-NR
x 2,-SR
xOr halogen atom, R
xThe expression carbonatoms is that 1～4 alkyl or carbonatoms are 6～12 aryl.]
As R
xIn carbonatoms be 1～4 alkyl, can enumerate methyl, ethyl, propyl group and butyl.
As R
xIn carbonatoms be 6～12 aryl, can enumerate phenyl, tolyl, xylyl and naphthyl etc.
As anthocyanidin, the compound of the compound of preferred formula (2-10) expression and formula (2-11) expression.
[in the formula (2-10), D
1And D
2The group of expression (2-10a)～formula (2-10d) expression independently of one another.
N5 representes 1～3 integer.]
[in the formula (2-11), D
3And D
4The group of expression (2-11a)～formula (2-11h) expression independently of one another.
N6 representes 1～3 integer.]
With respect to polymerizable liquid crystal compound 100 mass parts, the content of dichroism pigment is preferably below 50 mass parts, and more preferably 0.1 mass parts～20 mass parts further are preferably 0.1 mass parts～10 mass parts.In the time of in above-mentioned scope, the orientation ground that can not upset polymerizable liquid crystal compound carries out polymerization.When the content of dichroism pigment surpasses 50 mass parts, might upset the orientation of polymerizable liquid crystal compound, therefore not preferred.
As solvent, the solvent of each composition of preferred ability solvent polymerization property liquid-crystal compsn.In addition, be the inert solvent preferably to the polyreaction of polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
As solvent, can enumerate alcoholic solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, terepthaloyl moietie, Virahol, Ucar 35, EGME, butyl glycol ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether; Ester solvents such as ETHYLE ACETATE, butylacetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, gamma-butyrolactone, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethyl lactate; Ketone solvents such as acetone, methylethylketone, ketopentamethylene, pimelinketone, 2-heptanone, MIBK; Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, YLENE; Nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile; Ether solvents such as THF, glycol dimethyl ether; And chlorinated solvents such as chloroform, chlorobenzene.These solvents can use separately, also can combination more than two kinds be used.
With respect to the polymerizable liquid crystal compound total amount, the content of solvent is preferably 50～98 quality %.Solvent is 98 quality % when following, and the thickness of the blooming that is obtained by polymerizable liquid crystal compound can not become thin, can easily obtain having the blooming as the blooming desired characteristic.Solvent is 50 quality % when above, and the viscosity of polymerizable liquid crystal compound is low, has the thickness of filming and is difficult to take place uneven trend.
Polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the present invention can contain polymerization starter.Polymerization starter is the compound of the polyreaction of initiated polymerization property liquid crystalline cpd, produces living radical or acid through light and/or hot effect.Wherein, preferably the effect through light produce living radical or acid polymerization starter, be Photoepolymerizationinitiater initiater, more preferably produce the Photoepolymerizationinitiater initiater of radical through rayed.
Can enumerate bitter almond oil camphor compound, benzophenone cpd, alkyl phenones compound as Photoepolymerizationinitiater initiater, acylphosphine oxide compound, triaizine compounds, iodine
salt and sulfonium salt.
As the bitter almond oil camphor compound, can enumerate bitter almond oil camphor, benzoin methylether, ethoxybenzoin, benzoin iso-propylether and bitter almond oil camphor ethyl isobutyl ether.
As benzophenone cpd, can enumerate UVNUL MS-40, methyl o-benzoylbenzoate, 4-phenyl benzophenone, 4-benzoyl-4 '-methyldiphenyl base sulfide, 3,3 '; 4; 4 '-four (tert-butyl hydroperoxide carbonyl) UVNUL MS-40 and 2,4, the 6-tri-methyl benzophenone.
As the alkyl phenones compound; Can enumerate diethoxy acetophenone, 2-methyl-2-morpholinyl-1-(4-methylthio group phenyl) propane-1-ketone, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholino phenyl) butane-1-ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propane-1-ketone, 1; 2-phenylbenzene-2, the oligopolymer of 2-glycol dimethyl ether-1-ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(2-hydroxyl-oxethyl) phenyl] propane-1-ketone, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(1-methyl ethylene) phenyl] propane-1-ketone.
As the acylphosphine oxide compound, can enumerate 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenyl phosphine oxide and two (2,4, the 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenyl phosphine oxides.
As triaizine compounds, can enumerate 2, two (the trichloromethyl)-6-(4-p-methoxy-phenyl)-1,3 of 4-; 5-triazine, 2, two (the trichloromethyl)-6-(4-methoxyl group naphthyl) of 4--1,3,5-triazines, 2; Two (the trichloromethyl)-6-(4-methoxyl-styrene) of 4--1,3,5-triazines, 2, two (the trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(5-methyl furan-2-yl) vinyl-] 1 of 4-; 3,5-triazine, 2, two (the trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(furans-2-yl) vinyl]-1,3 of 4-; 5-triazine, 2, two (the trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(4-diethylamino-2-aminomethyl phenyl) vinyl] of 4--1,3,5-triazines and 2; Two (the trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(3, the 4-Dimethoxyphenyl) vinyl] of 4--1,3,5-triazines.
As Photoepolymerizationinitiater initiater; Can use Irgacure 907, Irgacure 184, Irgacure651, Irgacure 819, Irgacure 250, Irgacure369 (above) all by Ciba Japan (strain) system; Seikuol BZ, Seikuol Z, Seikuol BEE (above) all by Seiko chemistry (strain) system; Kayacure BP100 (Japanese chemical drug (strain) system); Kayacure UV I-6992 (DOW corporate system); Adeka Optomer SP-152 or Adeka Optomer SP-170 (above) all by (strain) ADEKA system, TAZ-A, TAZ-PP (above) and TAZ-104 commercially available Photoepolymerizationinitiater initiaters such as (Sanwa-Chemical corporate systems) by Nihon Siber Hegner corporate system.
As thermal polymerization, can enumerate superoxide such as azo cpds such as Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and hydrogen peroxide, persulphate, Lucidol.
With respect to polymerizable liquid crystal compound 100 mass parts, the content of polymerization starter be preferably 0.1～30 mass parts, more preferably 0.5～10 mass parts, further be preferably 0.5～8 mass parts.In the time of in above-mentioned scope, the orientation ground that can not upset polymerizable liquid crystal compound carries out polymerization.
When using Photoepolymerizationinitiater initiater, can and use photosensitizers as polymerization starter.As photosensitizers, can enumerate xanthone compounds such as xanthone, thioxanthone (for example, 2,4-diethyl thioxanthone, 2-isopropyl thioxanthone etc.), anthracene, contain anthracene compound, thiodiphenylamine and rubrenes such as alkoxy anthracene (for example, dibutoxy anthracene etc.).
Through using photosensitizers, can make the polymerization highly sensitiveization of polymerizable liquid crystal compound.With respect to polymerizable liquid crystal compound 100 mass parts, the usage quantity of photosensitizers be preferably 0.1～30 mass parts, more preferably 0.5～10 mass parts, further be preferably 0.5～8 mass parts.
Polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the present invention can contain polymerization retarder.Polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the present invention is through containing polymerization retarder, and the polymerization of controlled polymerization property liquid crystalline cpd easily can improve the stability of polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the present invention.
As polymerization retarder can enumerate Resorcinol, contain the alkoxyl group Resorcinol, contain the alkoxyl group pyrocatechol (for example butyl-catechol etc.), pyrogallol, 2; 2; 6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-free radical scavenger, thiophenol class, beta-naphthylamine class and β-Nai Fen classes such as 1-oxyradical.
With respect to polymerizable liquid crystal compound 100 mass parts, the content of polymerization retarder be preferably 0.1～30 mass parts, more preferably 0.5～10 mass parts, further be preferably 0.5～8 mass parts.In the time of in above-mentioned scope, the orientation ground that can not upset polymerizable liquid crystal compound carries out polymerization.
Blooming of the present invention can obtain through making the polymerizable liquid crystal compound polymerization that contains in the polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the present invention.
Blooming of the present invention can be made through the method that comprises following operation (1), operation (2) and operation (3).
Operation (1): polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the present invention is coated substrate and obtain the operation of coated film,
Operation (2): form the operation of mesomorphic phase in the coated film that in operation (1), obtains,
Operation (3): obtain the operation of blooming through making the polymerizable liquid crystal compound polymerization that contains in the film that is formed with mesomorphic phase that obtains in the operation (2).
As coating process, can enumerate extrusion coated method, directly intaglio plate coating method, counter-rotating intaglio plate coating method, CAP coating method, mould are coated with method, dip coating, scraper coating method and spin-coating method to substrate.
As substrate, can enumerate glass, plastic sheet, plastic film and light transmissive film.As light transmissive film, can enumerate the polyolefin film of Vilaterm, Vestolen PP 7052, norbornene-based polymer etc., polyvinyl alcohol film, polyethylene terephthalate film; The Rohm tech inc film, polyacrylic ester film, cellulose ester membrane; Poly (ethylene naphthalate) film, polycarbonate membrane, PS membrane; Poly (ether sulfone) film, polyetherketone film, polyphenylene sulfide film and ppe film.
Through using substrate, when making, carrying or taking care of blooming, there is not breakage etc., can easily operate.
In the method for manufacture of blooming of the present invention, preferably on substrate, be formed with alignment films.At this moment, polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the present invention is coated on the alignment films.Alignment films preferably has undissolved solvent resistance when coating polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the present invention etc.In addition, preferably have for being used for removing desolvate, the thermotolerance of the heat treated of liquid crystal aligning.And then, preferably the time can not produce the alignment films that waits peeling off of causing etc. because of friction in friction.As this alignment films, preferably form by orientation polymkeric substance or the compsn that contains the orientation polymkeric substance.
As above-mentioned orientation polymkeric substance, can enumerate polymeric amide or gelatin class that intramolecularly has amido linkage, polyimide that intramolecularly has imide bond and as polyamic acid, Z 150PH, alkyl-modified Z 150PH, the SEPIGEL 305 of its hydrolysate, gather polymkeric substance such as
azoles, polymine, PS, PVP K120, ROHM, polyacrylate(s).Wherein, preferably polyethylene alcohol.These polymkeric substance can use separately, also can perhaps form multipolymer with mixing more than 2 kinds.These polymkeric substance can easily obtain through chain polymerization, polycoordination, the ring-opening polymerizations etc. such as polycondensation, radical polymerization, anionoid polymerization, cationoid polymerisation that utilize dehydration or take off amine etc.
The orientation polymkeric substance can be dissolved in the solvent and be coated with.As solvent, can enumerate water; Alcoholic solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, terepthaloyl moietie, Virahol, Ucar 35, methyl Cellosolve, ethylene glycol butyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether; Ester solvents such as ETHYLE ACETATE, butylacetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, gamma-butyrolactone, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethyl lactate; Ketone solvents such as acetone, methylethylketone, ketopentamethylene, pimelinketone, Methyl amyl ketone, MIBK; Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, YLENE; Nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile; Ether solvents such as THF, glycol dimethyl ether; And chlorine such as chloroform, chlorobenzene replace hydrocarbon solvent.These solvents can use separately, also can combination more than two kinds be used.
In addition, in order to form alignment films, can directly use commercially available aligning film material.As commercially available aligning film material, can enumerate Sunever (registered trademark, daily output chemical industry (strain) system) or Optomer (registered trademark, JSR (strain) system) etc.
If use such alignment films, then can reduce inequality, the blooming that therefore can provide environmental resistance, mechanical endurance more to improve.
Method as on above-mentioned supporting substrate, forming alignment films for example can be coated with the solution of above-mentioned orientation polymkeric substance, commercially available aligning film material on above-mentioned supporting substrate, then, anneal, thereby can on above-mentioned supporting substrate, form alignment films.The thickness of the alignment films that obtains like this is 10nm～10000nm for example, is preferably 10nm～1000nm.
In order above-mentioned alignment films to be given orientation regulation power, preferably rub as required or polarisation UV irradiation.Through giving orientation regulation power, polymerizable liquid crystal compound is orientated in needed direction.
As the method for friction orientation film, can enumerate the method that alignment films that the friction roller that is wound with friction cloth and rotation is transmitted with year placing the thing platform contacts.Rubbing or polarisation UV when irradiation, if shelter, the different a plurality of zones (pattern) of direction that then also can on the polariscope that obtains, form late mutually spool.
For being coated on the substrate and the coated film that obtains is considered from the aspect of film-forming properties, preferably the odor components such as solvent that contain in the coated film are carried out drying.As drying means, can enumerate natural seasoning, air seasoning method and hypobaric drying method.As drying temperature, be preferably 0～250 ℃, more preferably 50～220 ℃.As time of drying, be preferably 10 second～60 minute, 30 second～30 minute more preferably.
When utilizing the composition formation mesomorphic phase of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound that contains in the above-mentioned coated film, as long as be heated to the temperature that the polymerizable liquid crystal compound that contains in the coated film shows mesomorphic phase.This mesomorphic phase is preferably smectic phase.In addition, more preferably change into more than the nematic temperature, then be cooled to the temperature that this polymerizable liquid crystal compound shows smectic phase, obtain being formed with the film of smectic phase thus through being heated to the polymerizable liquid crystal compound that contains in the coated film.
When polymerizable liquid crystal compound contains the polymerizable liquid crystal compound more than 2 kinds; For the mixture that this polymerizable liquid crystal compound is adjusted into the content ratio that contains in the polymerizable liquid crystal compound; Through measure showing the temperature of mesomorphic phase, can confirm to utilize the one-tenth of polymerizable liquid crystal compound to assign to form the temperature of mesomorphic phase.
Through via nematic phase, the flow agent that contains in the polymerizable liquid crystal compound becomes and flows easily, can obtain the film of horizontal alignment easily.As the temperature of heating, it is above and below the temperature than high 100 degree of nematic Phase temperature to be preferably the nematic Phase temperature, and more preferably the nematic Phase temperature is above and below the temperature than high 50 degree of nematic Phase temperature.Be used to be oriented to the heating of mesomorphic phase and above-mentioned drying can be carried out simultaneously.
Then, through making the polymerizable liquid crystal compound polymerization that contains in the film that is formed with mesomorphic phase, can obtain blooming.Through polymerization, become blooming with weather resistance.The polymeric method is selected to get final product according to the kind of the polymerizable group that polymerizable liquid crystal compound had.When this polymerizable group is the photopolymerizable group, can utilize light polymerization method to carry out polymerization; When this polymerizable group is thermopolymerization property group, can utilize that hot polymerization is legal to carry out polymerization.In the method for manufacture of blooming of the present invention, the preferred light polymerization.When utilizing light polymerization method, owing to be not to be heated to high temperature, so can use low heat resistant substrate.Light polymerization method is through carrying out film irradiation visible light, UV-light or the laser that forms mesomorphic phase.Consider preferred UV-light from maneuverable aspect.Rayed is in film, to be formed with under the state of mesomorphic phase to carry out.Can under the temperature of aforesaid demonstration mesomorphic phase, carry out rayed.At this moment, can also through shelter, development etc., blooming is carried out pattern forms.
After the polymerizable liquid crystal compound polymerization that the blooming that forms on the substrate can contain in film, from strippable substrate.In addition, except that the operation of peeling off substrate, can also further contain the operation of peeling off alignment films.Thus, can obtain the blooming of the present invention of individual layer.The thickness of blooming of the present invention be preferably 0.3～20 μ m, more preferably 0.5～10 μ m, further be preferably 0.5～5 μ m.Thickness can obtain the blooming that horizontal alignment is a smectic phase in above-mentioned scope the time easily.
Blooming of the present invention is when containing the dichroism pigment, as the excellent light polarizing film of dichroic ratio and useful.In addition, when not containing the dichroism pigment, the excellent phase retardation film of degree and useful as a comparison.
Display unit of the present invention contains blooming of the present invention.Display unit is meant the device with display element, contains luminous element or light-emitting device as photogen.As display unit; (for example can enumerate liquid crystal indicator, organic electroluminescent (EL) display unit, inorganic EL (EL) display unit, electron emission display; Field-emission display device (FED), surface conductance emission display (SED)), Electronic Paper (having used the display unit of e-inks, electrophoresis element), plasm display device, projection type image display apparatus (for example, grating light valve (GLV) display unit, have the display unit of DMD (DMD)) and piezoelectric ceramics indicating meter.As liquid crystal indicator, can enumerate transmissive liquid crystal display device, transflective liquid crystal display device, reflection-type liquid-crystal display device, direct view liquid crystal display device and projection-type liquid crystal display device.This display unit can be the display unit that shows 2 dimension images, also can be the display unit that shows 3 d image.
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of the liquid crystal indicator 10 of one of expression display unit of the present invention.With 2 plate base 14a and substrate 14b clamping liquid crystal layer 17.
As substrate 14a and substrate 14b, can enumerate glass substrate and plastic base.When the colour filter 15 that on being manufactured on these substrates, forms, thin film transistor 21, need be heated under the pyritous situation, preferable substrate 14a and substrate 14b are glass substrate.
As thin film transistor 21, can enumerate the high temperature that is formed on the quartz base plate gather silicon transistor, be formed on the low-temperature poly-silicon transistor on the glass substrate and be formed on glass substrate or plastic base on amorphous silicon transistor.For the miniaturized of liquid crystal indicator, can on substrate 14b, form drive IC.
Between transparency electrode 16 and pixel electrode 22, dispose liquid crystal layer 17.For the distance between substrate 14a and the substrate 14b is kept certain, liquid crystal layer 17 is formed with dividing plate 23.The face that in the layer that substrate 14a and substrate 14b form, contact with liquid crystal layer 17 can dispose the alignment films that the liquid crystalline cpd that contains in the liquid crystal layer 17 is orientated to required direction respectively.
Each parts is with the sequential cascade of substrate 14a, colour filter 15 and black matrix 20, transparency electrode 16, liquid crystal layer 17, pixel electrode 22, interlayer dielectric 18 and thin film transistor 21 and substrate 14b.
Have in such clamping that the outside of substrate 14a and substrate 14b of liquid crystal layer 17 is range upon range of to have various bloomings, for example, light polarizing film (for example straight line polariscope), phase retardation film (for example, 1/4 wavelength plate, optical compensation films).In Fig. 1, stacked gradually phase retardation film 13a, light polarizing film 12a in the outside of substrate 14a, stacked gradually phase retardation film 13b, light polarizing film 12b in the outside of substrate 14b.At least a kind that is selected among light polarizing film 12a, light polarizing film 12b, phase retardation film 13a and the phase retardation film 13b is blooming of the present invention.Through disposing blooming of the present invention, can give liquid crystal indicator 10 and convert incident light into the function of rectilinearly polarized light or circularly polarized light, optical the function that compensates the phase deviation that liquid crystal causes.Should explain that the kind according to the contained liquid crystalline cpd of the structure of liquid crystal indicator, liquid crystal layer 17 also can not dispose phase retardation film 13a and 13b.Dispose the antireflection film 11 that is used to prevent external light reflection in the outside of light polarizing film 12a.Utilize blooming of the present invention, can reach the slimming of display unit.
As at least a kind that is selected among light polarizing film 12a and 12b, phase retardation film 13a and the 13b, the duplexer that the substrate that uses during can to use blooming of the present invention, alignment films and manufacturing range upon range of above-mentioned blooming forms.
Dispose back light unit 19 as photogen in the outside of light polarizing film 12b.Luminescence unit 19 comprises light source, light guide, reflector, diffusion sheet and visual angle trim plate.As light source, can use various light sources such as electroluminescent (EL), cold-cathode tube, thermionic-cathode tube, photodiode (LED), LASER Light Source, mercury lamp.Select blooming of the present invention to get final product with light source characteristic coupling ground.
When liquid crystal indicator 10 was transmissive liquid crystal display device, the white light that the light source from back light unit 19 sends incided light guide, changed route through reflector, was spread by diffusion sheet.Diffusion light through the visual angle trim plate be adjusted to have required directive property after, incide light polarizing film 12b from back light unit 19.
In the incident light of no polarisation, only a certain side's rectilinearly polarized light sees through the light polarizing film 12b of liquid crystal panel.This rectilinearly polarized light converts circularly polarized light into through phase retardation film 13b, and sees through substrate 14b, pixel electrode 22 etc. successively and arrival liquid crystal layer 17.
According to having or not of the potential difference between pixel electrode 22 and the opposed transparency electrode 16, the state of orientation of the liquid crystalline cpd that liquid crystal layer 17 is contained changes, thus the brightness of the light that control is penetrated from liquid crystal indicator 10.Liquid crystal layer 17 is to make when utilizing the state of orientation that circularly polarized light that phase retardation film 13b is converted to sees through according to original state; This circularly polarized light sees through liquid crystal layer 17, transparency electrode 16; The light transmission colour filter 15 of a certain particular range of wavelengths and arrive phase retardation film 13a; And then see through light polarizing film 12a and antireflection film 11, then this pixel will show the color by the colour filter decision the most brightly.On the contrary; Liquid crystal layer 17 is that the circularly polarized light that utilizes phase retardation film 13b to be converted to is changed and the state of orientation that sees through; Under the situation that the light that sees through liquid crystal layer 17, transparency electrode 16 and colour filter 15 is almost absorbed by phase retardation film 13a and light polarizing film 12a fully, this pixel shows black.Liquid crystal layer 17 is under the intermediary state of orientation of this two states, and the brightness of the light that penetrates from liquid crystal indicator 10 also becomes the centre of said two devices, and therefore, this pixel shows middle shade.
When liquid crystal indicator 10 is transflective liquid crystal display device; Pixel electrode 22 has transmissive portions that is formed by material transparent and the reflecting part that is formed by the material that light is reflected; At transmissive portions, with the same display image of above-mentioned transmissive liquid crystal display device.On the other hand, in reflecting part, outer light is from the direction incident liquid crystal indicator of antireflection film 11, and the circularly polarized light that has seen through light polarizing film 12a and phase retardation film 13a is used for showing by pixel electrode 22 reflections through liquid crystal layer 17.
Fig. 2 is expression one of display unit of the present invention, blooming of the present invention is disposed at the synoptic diagram of liquid crystal indicator 24 of the inside (liquid crystal 17 sides) of substrate.In liquid crystal indicator 24, each parts is according to the sequential cascade of antireflection film 11, substrate 14a, light polarizing film 12a, phase retardation film 13a, colour filter 15 and black matrix 20, transparency electrode 16, liquid crystal layer 17, pixel electrode 22, interlayer dielectric 18 and thin film transistor 21, phase retardation film 13b, light polarizing film 12b, substrate 14b, back light unit 19.At least a kind that is selected among light polarizing film 12a, light polarizing film 12b, phase retardation film 13a and the phase retardation film 13b is blooming of the present invention.The duplexer that the substrate that uses in the time of can also using blooming of the present invention, alignment films and the above-mentioned blooming of manufacturing cascades.Through disposing blooming of the present invention, can give that to make incident light be the function of rectilinearly polarized light or circularly polarized light, optical the function that compensates the phase deviation that liquid crystal causes to liquid crystal indicator 24.In addition, the kind according to the contained liquid crystalline cpd of the structure of liquid crystal indicator, liquid crystal layer 17 also can not dispose phase retardation film 13a and 13b.
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of the EL display unit 30 of one of expression display unit of the present invention.EL display unit 30 has organic function layer 36 and negative electrode 37 as photogen in the substrate that is formed with pixel electrode 35 33 laminated.Dispose phase retardation film 32 and light polarizing film 31 at clamping substrate 33 with the opposition side of organic function layer 36.At least a kind that is selected from phase retardation film 32 and the light polarizing film 31 is blooming of the present invention.Pixel electrode 35 is applied positive voltage, and anticathode electrode 37 applies negative voltage, between pixel electrode 35 and negative electrode 37, apply galvanic current, thereby organic function layer 36 is luminous.Organic function layer 36 as photogen comprises electron supplying layer, luminescent layer, hole transporting layer etc.The light that penetrates from organic function layer 36 passes through pixel electrode 35, interlayer dielectric 34, substrate 33, phase retardation film 32 and light polarizing film 31.The inorganic EL display unit that replaces organic function layer 36 and have an inorganic functional layer also is one of display unit of the present invention.
When making EL display unit 30, at first, on substrate 33, form thin film transistor 40 with desired shape.Then, form interlayer dielectric 34, then form pixel electrode 35, carry out pattern and form with sputtering method.Then, range upon range of organic function layer 36.
As substrate 33, can enumerate metal substrates such as ceramic substrate, copper, plastic bases etc. such as sapphire glass substrate, quartz glass substrate, soda-lime glass substrate, aluminum oxide.Can on substrate, form heat conducting film.As heat conducting film, can enumerate diamond thin (DLC etc.).When making pixel electrode 35 for reflection-type, light is to penetrating with substrate 33 opposite directions.Therefore, be not only transparent material, can use non-transmission materials such as stainless steel.Substrate can be formed by single-material, also can be the multilayer board that a plurality of baseplate-laminatings is formed with tackiness agent.These substrates can be for tabular, also can be for membranaceous.
As thin film transistor 40, use common polysilicon transistors to get final product.Thin film transistor 40 is located at the end of pixel electrode 35, and its size is about 10～30 μ m.In addition, the size of pixel electrode 35 is about 20 μ m * 20 μ m～300 μ m * 300 μ m.
Be provided with interlayer dielectric 34 between thin film transistor 40 and the pixel electrode 35.Interlayer dielectric 34 is so long as with SiO
2The film that forms with sputter, vacuum evaporation Deng inorganic based materials such as silicon oxide, silicon nitrides, by the silicon oxide layer that SOG (spin-coating glass) forms, photoresist material, the film with insulativity such as film of resin system materials such as polyimide, acrylics all can.
Be formed with rib 41 on the interlayer dielectric 34.Rib 41 is configured in the periphery (between the adjacent pixels) of pixel electrode 35.Material as rib 41 can be enumerated acrylics, polyimide resin etc.The thickness of rib 41 is preferably 1.0 μ m～3.5 μ m, more preferably 1.5 μ m～2.5 μ m.
Then, to by describing as the pixel electrode 35 of transparency electrode, the EL element that constitutes as the organic function layer 36 and the negative electrode 37 of photogen.Organic function layer 36 has at least 1 layer hole transporting layer and luminescent layer respectively, for example has electronics successively and injects transfer layer, luminescent layer, hole input layer, hole injection layer.
As pixel electrode 35, can enumerate ITO (tin-doped indium oxide), IZO (mixing the zinc Indium sesquioxide), IGZO, ZnO, SnO
2And In
2O
3, preferred especially ITO and IZO.Can fully carry out certain above thickness that the hole is injected as long as the thickness of pixel electrode 35 has, be preferably about 10～500nm.
Constituent material as negative electrode 37; Preferably use for example metallic element monomers such as K, Li, Na, Mg, La, Ce, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ag, In, Sn, Zn, Zr, perhaps contain the alloy system of the monomeric 2 kinds of compositions of these metallic elements, 3 kinds of compositions in order to improve stability.As alloy system, preference such as Ag-Mg (Ag:1～20at%), Al-Li (Li:0.3～14at%), In-Mg (Mg:50～80at%), Al-Ca (Ca:5～20at%) etc.
Hole injection layer has to be made from the pixel electrode 35 injected holes easy function that becomes, and hole transporting layer has the function of carrying the hole and the function of anti-electronics, is also referred to as electric charge injection layer, charge transport layer.
The thickness of luminescent layer, merge hole injection layer and have no particular limits,, but be preferably 5nm～100nm according to their formation method and difference with the thickness of hole transporting layer and the thickness of electronics injection transfer layer.Hole injection layer, hole transporting layer can use various organic cpds.Owing to can form the film of homogeneous, therefore, the hole is injected the formation of transfer layer, luminescent layer and electronics injection transfer layer and is preferably used vacuum vapour deposition.
As the organic function layer 36 of photogen, can use the organic function layer that is used to from luminous (fluorescence) of singlet exciton, be used to from luminous (phosphorescence) of triplet excitons organic function layer, comprise be used to from the organic function layer of luminous (fluorescence) of singlet exciton be used to from the organic function layer of luminous (phosphorescence) of triplet excitons organic function layer, utilize organic function layer that organism forms, utilize organic function layer that inorganics forms, comprise organic function layer, macromolecular material, the low molecular material that utilizes the organic function layer that organism forms and utilize the organic function layer that inorganics forms, the organic function layer that comprises macromolecular material and low molecular material.But, be not limited to these, can use the EL display unit of having utilized various materials as EL element.
Space configuration siccative between negative electrode 37 and cap 39.This is because organic function layer 36 moisture-proof not.Utilize siccative 38 to absorb the deterioration that moisture prevents organic function layer 36.
The light polarizing film 31 that forms at the light entrance face of EL display unit 30 and light emergence face is not limited to convert to the light polarizing film of rectilinearly polarized light, also can be the light polarizing film that converts elliptically polarized light into.Light polarizing film 31 can only be used blooming of the present invention, also can the light polarizing film beyond the blooming of the present invention, phase retardation film fitted and used.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the EL display unit 44 of one of expression display unit of the present invention.EL display unit 44 has the encapsulating structure that utilizes thin-film package film 42, also can obtain penetrating light from the opposing face of array substrate.
As thin-film package film 42, preferably use on the film of electrolytic condenser vapor deposition that the DLC film of DLC (diamond-like carbon) is arranged.The moisture impregnability extreme difference of DLC film, moisture-proof characteristic height.In addition, also can with DLC film etc. directly vapor deposition form on the surface of negative electrode 37.In addition, also can resin film and mf is multilayer laminated and form thin-film package film 42.
At least one that is selected from light polarizing film 31 and the phase retardation film 32 is blooming of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of the projection-type liquid crystal display device of one of expression display unit of the present invention.
Light polarizing film 142 of the present invention can be used for projection-type liquid crystal display device (projector) with light polarizing film 143 of the present invention.
From (for example as the light source of photogen; High voltage mercury lamp) light shafts of 111 ejaculations; At first through the 1st lens arra the 112, the 2nd lens arra 113, polarization conversion element 114, overlapping lens 115, thereby carry out the homogenization and the polarization light of the brightness on reflective wire harness section.
Specifically, the light shafts that penetrate from light source 111 are divided into a plurality of small light shafts by the 1st lens arra 112, and the 1st lens arra 112 forms rectangular by small lens 112a.The 2nd lens arra 113 and overlapping lens 115 are set as the integral body of each light shafts of cutting apart irradiation as 3 liquid crystal panel 140R of irradiation object, 140G, 140B, and therefore, each liquid crystal panel light incident side surface integral body is the roughly illumination of homogeneous.
Polarization conversion element 114 is made up of polarisation beam splitter array, is configured between the 2nd lens arra 113 and the overlapping lens 115.Thus, will convert the polarisation with specific polarization direction in advance into from the random polarisation of light source, the polariscopic light loss of the light incident side of stating after the reduction plays the effect that improves picture brightness.
The light of brightness homogenization and polarization light separates into red channel (" R " of Fig. 5 via speculum 122 through being used for separating into RGB 3 natural colored dichroscopes 121,123,132 successively; Solid arrow), green channel (" G " among Fig. 5; The long setting-out arrow of single-point), blue channel (" B " among Fig. 5; Dotted arrow), and respectively incident liquid crystal panel 140R, 140G, 140B.
The light polarizing film 142 that is configured in RGB light path separately is configured to absorption axes quadrature separately with light polarizing film 143.Each the liquid crystal panel 140R, 140G, the 140B that are configured in each light path have the function that the picture signal utilized converts the polarized condition of each pixel control into light quantity.
The kind of the dichroism pigment of blooming of the present invention through select being fit to respective channel all can be as the blooming of excellent in te pins of durability in the arbitrary light path in blue channel, green channel, red channel and useful.
According to each view data of liquid crystal panel 140R, 140G, 140B, incident light is seen through and the optical image processed is synthetic by crossed dichroic prism 150 with the different transsmissivity of each pixel, enlarge through projection lens 170 to be incident upon screen 180.
The blooming that blooming of the present invention can be used as Electronic Paper uses.
As Electronic Paper; The Electronic Paper that can enumerate the orientation of optical anisotropy molecules such as utilizing liquid crystal, dye molecule and show; The Electronic Paper of utilizing the motion of particles such as electrophoresis, particle migration, particle rotation, phase change and showing; End through film moves the Electronic Paper that shows; The Electronic Paper of utilizing the color development/phase change of molecule and showing is utilized the photoabsorption of molecule and the Electronic Paper that shows, combines and Electronic Paper that luminous shows etc. through electronics and hole.As concrete display mode, can enumerate microcapsule-type electrophoresis mode, move horizontally type electrophoresis mode, vertical shifting type electrophoresis mode, spherical twisted nematic ball mode, magnetic twisted nematic ball mode, cylinder twisted nematic ball mode, charged toning agent mode, electronics powder fluid mode, magnetophoresis mode, magnetic temperature-sensitive mode, electric wetting mode, scattering of light (transparent/gonorrhoea changes) mode, cholesteric liquid crystal/optical conductive layer mode, cholesteric liquid crystal mode, bistability nematic liquid crystal mode, strong dielectricity liquid crystal mode, dichroism pigment liquid crystal dispersing mode, movable film mode, utilize the colour killing mode of sending out of leuco dye, photochromic mode, electricity to cause colored display mode, electrowinning mode, flexible organic EL mode etc.Electronic Paper not only can be that the individual utilizes the Electronic Paper of text, image, also can be to be used for the Electronic Paper that advertisement shows (direction board) etc.Utilize blooming of the present invention, can make the thickness attenuation of Electronic Paper.
As 3 d display device; The method (TOHKEMY 2002-185983 communique) of for example as the microballoon mode, out of phase difference film alternately being arranged has been proposed; When blooming of the present invention is used as light polarizing film, carry out pattern easily through printing, ink-jet, photolithography etc. and form, therefore; Can shorten the manufacturing process of display unit, and not need phase retardation film.
Embodiment
Below, through embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.The short of special record of " % " in the example and " part " then is respectively quality % and mass parts.
In an embodiment, used following polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
Compound (1-6) (by the compound of following formula (1-6) expression)
Compound (1-6) is according to Lub et al., Recl.Trav.Chim.Pays-Bas, and 115, the method for 321-328 (1996) record is synthetic.
[mensuration of phase transition temperature]
Be formed with heating compound on the glass substrate of alignment films on one side, through the structure observation of utilizing polarizing microscope (BX-51, Olympus Corp system) confirm phase transition temperature on one side.The compound of formula (1-6) expression is rendered as smectic A phase at 95 ℃ from crystallization phases when heating up, change nematic phase mutually at 111 ℃, changes the isotropic liquid phase mutually at 113 ℃.When cooling, change nematic phase mutually at 112 ℃, change smectic A phase mutually at 110 ℃, change smectic B phase mutually at 94 ℃.
Compound (1-7) (by the compound of following formula (1-7) expression)
Compound (1-7) is according to Lub et al., Recl.Trav.Chim.Pays-Bas, and 115, the method for 321-328 (1996) record is synthetic.
[mensuration of phase transition temperature]
Structure observation through utilizing polarizing microscope is confirmed phase transition temperature.The compound of formula (1-7) expression is rendered as smectic A phase at 81 ℃ from crystallization phases when heating up, change nematic phase mutually at 121 ℃, changes the isotropic liquid phase mutually at 137 ℃.When cooling, change nematic phase mutually at 133 ℃, change smectic A phase mutually at 118 ℃, change smectic B phase mutually at 78 ℃.
Embodiment 1
[adjustment of polymerizable liquid crystal compound]
Mix following compositions, the mixture that obtains was stirred 1 hour at 80 ℃, obtain polymerizable liquid crystal compound thus.
Polymerizable liquid crystal compound: 100 parts of compounds (1-6)
Dichroism pigment: azopigment (NKX2029; Woods protobiochemistry institute system) 2 part
Polymerization starter: 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholino phenyl) butane-1-ketone (Irgacure369; BASF Japan (strain) system) 6 part
Polymerization causes auxiliary agent: 2 parts of isopropyl thioxanthones (Nihon Siber Hegner corporate system)
Flow agent: ROHM ester cpds (BYK-361N; The BYK-Chemie corporate system) 1.2 part
Solvent: 250 parts of ketopentamethylene
[making of blooming]
On glass substrate, utilize the 2 quality % aqueous solution of spin-coating method pva coating (Z 150PH 1000 fully saponified types, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.'s system), after the drying, form the alignment films of thickness 89nm.Then, friction treatment is implemented on the surface of the alignment films that obtains.Friction treatment is to use semi-automatic friction gear (trade(brand)name: LQ-008 type; Joyo Engineering Co., Ltd.'s system); Utilize cloth (trade(brand)name: YA-20-RW, Ji Chuan Chemical Co., Ltd system), under the condition of the amount of clamp-oning 0.15mm, revolution 500rpm, 16.7mm/s, carry out.
On the alignment films after the friction, utilize spin-coating method coating polymerizable liquid crystal compound, at heat drying on 120 ℃ the hot-plate after 3 minutes, be quickly cooled to 70 ℃ (temperature that show smectic phase during cooling) and obtain filming after the drying.Utilize UV irradiating unit (SPOT CURE SP-7; Oxtail Electric Co., Ltd system), through dried coating is shone exposure 2400mJ/cm
2The ultraviolet ray of (365nm benchmark), the blooming that obtains on glass substrate, making.
[mensuration of dichroic ratio]
Be utilized in the system ultraviolet-visible pectrophotometer UV-3150 of Shimadzu Seisakusho Ltd. and go up the device that installation has polariscopic bending machine, measure the axial absorbancy (A of transmission at very big absorbing wavelength place with reference beam method
1) and absorb axial absorbancy (A
2).This bending machine is provided with the mesh that reduces by 50% light quantity in the reference point side.By the axial absorbancy (A of transmission that measures
1) and absorb axial absorbancy (A
2) value calculate ratio (A
2/ A
1), as dichroic ratio.The result is shown in table 2.We can say that dichroic ratio is high more, is suitable as light polarizing film more.
[mensuration of thickness]
Utilize laser microscope (LEXT3000, Olympus Corp's system) that the blooming that obtains is measured thickness, the result is shown in table 2.
[mensuration of mist degree]
Utilize mist degree appearance (HZ-2; Suga Test Instruments (strain) system) blooming that obtains is measured haze value.The result is shown in table 2.
[observation of mesomorphic phase]
Utilize the mesomorphic phase shown in the observable blooming of polarizing microscope (BX-51, Olympus Corp's system).It is that 45 ° direction is carried out that observation is configured to the slow phase axle of the blooming that obtains with respect to the polariscopic axis of homology between orthogonal 2 polariscopes of the axis of homology.
The result who observes will see the conduct zero that forms the horizontal alignment single domain, will not see the conduct that forms the horizontal alignment single domain *.The result is shown in table 2.
[uneven observation]
To the blooming that obtains, be configured to absorption axes and iodo-PVA Polarizer (SRW842A; Sumitomo Chemical (strain) system) quadrature carries out visual observation on direct-type backlight.To not observe the conduct zero of the inequality of the shape that is separated, with the inequality of observing the shape that is separated as *.The result is shown in table 2.
Embodiment 2～15, reference example 1 and 2
Use polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the flow agent shown in the table 1, likewise implement, obtain polymerizable liquid crystal compound with embodiment 1.
[table 1]
| Polymerizable liquid crystal compound | Flow agent (part) | |
| Embodiment 1 | Compound (1-6) | BYK-361N(1.2) |
| Embodiment 2 | Compound (1-6) | BYK-361N(0.6) |
| Embodiment 3 | Compound (1-6) | BYK-361N(1) |
| Embodiment 4 | Compound (1-6) | BYK-361N(1.5) |
| Embodiment 5 | Compound (1-6) | BYK one 361N (2) |
| Embodiment 6 | Compound (1-6) | BYK-361N(2.5) |
| Embodiment 7 | Compound (1-6) | BYK-361N(3) |
| Embodiment 8 | Compound (1-6) | BYK-352(1.2) |
| Embodiment 9 | Compound (1-6) | BYK-354(1.3) |
| |
Compound (1-6) | BYK-381(1.3) |
| |
Compound (1-6) | BYK-392(1.1) |
| Embodiment 12 | Compound (1-6) | F471(1.1) |
| Embodiment 13 | Compound (1-6) | F477(1.1) |
| Embodiment 14 | Compound (1-7) | BYK-361N(1.2) |
| |
Compound (1-7) | F471(2) |
| Reference example 1 | Compound (1-6) | BYK-361N(0.2) |
| Reference example 2 | Compound (1-6) | BYK-361N(5.2) |
Material below flow agent shown in the table 1 uses.
ROHM ester cpds (BYK-361N; The BYK-Chemie corporate system)
ROHM ester cpds (BYK-352; The BYK-Chemie corporate system)
ROHM ester cpds (BYK-354; The BYK-Chemie corporate system)
ROHM ester cpds (BYK-381; The BYK-Chemie corporate system)
ROHM ester cpds (BYK-392; The BYK-Chemie corporate system)
Fluorine-containing oligomer (MEGAFAC F-471; DIC (strain) system)
Fluorine-containing oligomer (MEGAFAC F-477; DIC (strain) system)
To the polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the above-mentioned embodiment that obtains 2～15, reference example 1 and 2, likewise estimate with embodiment 1.The result is shown in table 2.
[table 2]
[adjustment of polymerizable liquid crystal compound]
Mix following compositions, the mixture that obtains was stirred 1 hour at 80 ℃, thereby obtain polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
Polymerizable liquid crystal compound: 100 parts of compounds (1-6)
Polymerization starter: 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholino phenyl) butane-1-ketone (Irgacure369; BASF Japan (strain) system) 6 part
Polymerization causes auxiliary agent: 2 parts of isopropyl thioxanthones (Nihon Siber Hegner corporate system)
Flow agent: ROHM ester cpds (BYK-361N; The BYK-Chemie corporate system) 1.2 part
Solvent: 250 parts of ketopentamethylene
[making of blooming]
Use the above-mentioned polymerizable liquid crystal compound that obtains, likewise implement, obtain blooming with embodiment.
[observation of mesomorphic phase]
Blooming and embodiment 1 to obtaining likewise carry out the observation of mesomorphic phase, and the result sees formation horizontal alignment single domain.
[mensuration of thickness]
Blooming and embodiment 1 to obtaining likewise carry out determining film thickness, and the result is 1.8 μ m.
[mensuration of phase difference value]
Utilize double refraction detection device (KOBRA-WR, prince's instrumentation machines corporation system) that the blooming that obtains is measured the front phase difference value at wavelength 587.7nm place, the result is 257nm.In addition, the glass substrate that uses as base material does not have birefringence, therefore through the blooming under the state that has glass substrate with the determinator measurement, can obtain the front phase difference value of blooming.
Utilize possibility on the industry
Utilize polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the present invention, can easily obtain being formed with the blooming of the smectic phase of orientation in the horizontal direction.Be formed with in the horizontal direction orientation smectic phase, contain the dichroism pigment blooming particularly excellent aspect dichroic ratio, therefore, as light polarizing film and useful.
Claims (10)
1. polymerizable liquid crystal compound; It is characterized in that; It is the polymerizable liquid crystal compound that contains the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, flow agent and the solvent that show smectic phase; Flow agent is to be selected from the ROHM ester cpds to be the flow agent of principal constituent and to be at least a kind in the flow agent of principal constituent with the contain fluorine atoms compound that with respect to polymerizable liquid crystal compound 100 mass parts, the content of flow agent is 0.3 mass parts～5 mass parts.
2. polymerizable liquid crystal compound according to claim 1, wherein, polymerizable liquid crystal compound is between the temperature of temperature that shows smectic phase and demonstration isotropic phase, to show nematic polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
3. polymerizable liquid crystal compound according to claim 1 wherein, further contains the dichroism pigment.
4. a blooming is characterized in that, obtains through making the polymerizable liquid crystal compound polymerization that contains in each described polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the claim 1～3.
5. the method for manufacture of a blooming is characterized in that, comprises following operation (1), operation (2) and operation (3),
Operation (1): each described polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the claim 1～3 is coated substrate and obtain the operation of coated film,
Operation (2): form the operation of mesomorphic phase in the coated film that in operation (1), obtains,
Operation (3): obtain the operation of blooming through making the polymerizable liquid crystal compound polymerization that contains in the film that is formed with mesomorphic phase that obtains in the operation (2).
6. method of manufacture according to claim 5, wherein, mesomorphic phase is a smectic phase.
7. method of manufacture according to claim 5; Wherein, Operation (2) is following operation: the coated film that obtains in the operation (1) is heated to the polymerizable liquid crystal compound that contains in the coated film changes into more than the nematic temperature; Then, be cooled to the temperature that this polymerizable liquid crystal compound shows smectic phase, thereby obtain the film that this polymerizable liquid crystal compound is oriented to smectic phase.
8. a display unit is characterized in that, contains the described blooming of claim 4.
9. a display unit is characterized in that, contains the blooming that obtains through the described method of manufacture of claim 5.
10. a display unit is characterized in that, contains the blooming that obtains through claim 6 or 7 described method of manufacture.
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| KR20200026864A (en) | 2020-03-11 |
| JP2012083734A (en) | 2012-04-26 |
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