CN102432253A - Preparation methods of high-strength glass-fiber reinforced cement (GRC) composite material and high-strength XJ composite material, high-strength GRC composite material well-cover, and high-strength GRC-supported XJ composite material well-cover - Google Patents
Preparation methods of high-strength glass-fiber reinforced cement (GRC) composite material and high-strength XJ composite material, high-strength GRC composite material well-cover, and high-strength GRC-supported XJ composite material well-cover Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides preparation methods of a high-strength glass-fiber reinforced cement (GRC) composite material and a high-strength XJ composite material, a high-strength GRC composite material well-cover, and a high-strength GRC-supported XJ composite material well-cover. Compared with the existing nonmetal composite materials, in manufacture of a well-cover and a water grate, the high-strength GRC composite material and the high-strength XJ composite material provide a large technical breakthrough and innovation. The high-strength GRC composite material well-cover and the high-strength GRC-supported XJ composite material well-cover have strong bearing capabilities, high impact strength, good aging resistance, tear resistance, high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance, obvious damping effects, long service lives and high cost performances, make an important contribution to realize application of a nonmetal material in manufacture of a well-cover, can be massively popularized and used for inspection wells on urban streets, roads and highways, and have good application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the road equipment technical field, relate in particular to a kind of inspection shaft lid and method of manufacture.
Background technology
Inspection chamber is to lead to underground installation: like the gangway of facilities such as tap water, wire television, sewer, telecommunications, electric power, combustion gas, heating power, fire-fighting, environmental sanitation.The composition of the composition of base and well lid, grate seat and grating is a requisite critical facility in the urban construction, also is one of sign that embodies a city appearance of the city.The inspection shaft lid is to check the openable closure of well head relatively, and cap surface is the face that people, Che Yaohang cross.For a long time, China makes cylinder iron inspection shaft lid and cast iron water grate always, and stolen incident happens occasionally, and has brought great harm for pedestrian and vehicle, traffic hazard and the pedestrian well horror generation that falls even.This disappearance because of inspection shaft lid and water grate, and " the city trap ", " the road black hole " that form have become the social concern that the common people are sad, the governmental leading official is vexatious, the victim is anxious, become the focus of social concerns.
In recent years, occur some on the market in succession and utilized non-metallic material, processed the novel moulded inspection shaft lid and the water grate of no recovery value: composite glass fiber reinforced like magnesite composite, iron powder and waste or used plastics matrix material or the like.But inspection shaft lid or water grate that existing these matrix materials are made, are prone to aging, not wear-resisting, supporting capacity difference or the like at the big easy fracture of part fragility, and quality is uneven, is difficult to reach required standard, applies to receive certain restriction.To so far, daily being seen, be many still with cast iron inspection shaft lid and cast iron water grate, above-mentioned harm is still continuing generation, and this is extremely incompatible with " people-oriented " spirit, and problem needs to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
To above problem, the present invention provides GRC and XJ composite material and preparation method thereof and combined manhole cover, and wherein " XJ " is the abbreviation of rubber, and content comprises four broad aspect:
One,The preparation method of " a kind of HS GRC matrix material ";
Two,The preparation method of " a kind of high-strength rubber matrix material ";
Three," a kind of HS GRC composite drain cover " product;
Four," a kind of HS GRC skeleton rubber composite drain cover " product.
Be to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention has formulated a series of technical scheme, and the preparation method of two kinds of matrix materials wherein comprises separately technology, Material formula makeup, material characteristic effect separately etc.; Two kinds of well lid production of products wherein comprise Technology that making processes is guaranteed and technical parameter etc., and the canonical parameter value of being established through test (the present invention enumerates wherein 21 case study on implementation) repeatedly.
[A]A kind of HS GRC composite-material formula
The GRC material is the abbreviation of English Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement, the domestic glass fiber reinforced cement that is called.Be a kind of be that base material, alkali-proof glass (AR Glass Fiber) they are the inorganic composite materials of strongthener with the low alkali cement mortar.Compare with the conventional concrete goods; This material has plurality of advantages such as light weight intensity is high, resistance to cleavage is good, the bending resistance tensile property is good, normability is good; Oneself is widely used in fields such as building trade, and like the light porous wallboard of GRC, GRC prays for the hole Light trabs; Ultra-light GRC roof boarding, building external decoration goods etc.As a kind of type material, its have a wide range of applications space and development prospect.But present GRC product exists not enough at aspect of performances such as density, mechanics, thereby has limited its bigger development.
The present invention is through aluminate cement, alkali resistant glass fiber, river sand; Cooperate light material (perlite, PS, expanded vermiculite expand) etc.; To existing GRC properties of materials, on its plinth of existing GRC material, promote resistance to compression, tension, bending resistance, performance such as wear-resisting; Through practice-test for many years-practice again; Established alkali resistant glass fiber proportioning, water proportioning, wc, the light material proportioning of typical optimum value, thereby well lid product desired " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " is satisfied with in preparing of success.
Above-mentioned its performance of starting material and the effect of selecting choosing is:
Aluminate cement,Being called high-alumina cement, luminite cement again, is to be raw material with alumina and Wingdale, and obtaining with the calcium aluminate through high-temperature calcination is grog main, alumina content about 50%, through the levigate hydraulic cementing materials of processing.According to the GB201-2000 requirement, former high-alumina cement standard is revised is the aluminate cement standard.According to new standard, be the criteria for classifying with aluminate cement with aluminium content, set up A600 according to intensity segmentation in 3 days; A700; Labels such as A900 replace former high-alumina cement by the ruggedness test method, 425,525,625 and 725 4 labels that 3 days ultimate compression strength that record are divided.Aluminate cement mainly contains hydration characteristics, and mineral are monocalcium aluminate (CA), and less important mineral are calcium dialuminate (CA2); Aluminate cement and water reaction; The hydrated product CAH10 and the C2AH8 that are produced at normal temperatures belong to Jie's stable yields thing, and they surpass under 35 ℃ of situation in temperature will be transformed into stable C3AH6; In this crystal phase transition process, can cause strength degradation.The present invention utilizes this hydration characteristics of aluminate cement and selecting of above-mentioned other raw material to join, and has avoided CAH10 and C2AH8 because of being converted into the strength degradation that C3AH6 produces.The present invention selects and selects label is A900.
Alkali resistant glass fiber,Alkali resistant glass fiber is the base material of glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC), a kind of ceramic of excellent performance.It is a raw material with glass sphere or discarded glass; Manufacture through high temperature melting, wire drawing, doff, technology such as weave cotton cloth; The diameter of its monofilament is several microns to twenties meters microns, is equivalent to the 1/20-1/5 of a hairline, and the length of spun glass is selected and selected 4～8cm.Alkali resistant glass fiber is compared with common alkali-free, medium-alkali glass fibre; Its distinguishing feature is: alkaline resistance properties is good, tension; In cement and other highly basic medium, extremely strong erosion resistance being arranged, is in two kinds of composite drain cover products of the present invention, irreplaceable desirable strongthener.The present invention has also used a kind of alkali resistant glass fibre grid cloth on the well lid product made from " a kind of HS GRC matrix material ", it is to be base material with middle alkali and alkali-free glass fiber screen cloth, forms through the aftertreatment of acrylic acid copolymer glue; This screen cloth has the intensity height, and is alkaline-resisting, and acid resistance is good; Strong with resin-bonded property, use the aqueous dispersion type treating compound, directly be dispersed into single fiber when in water, stirring; Have fast dispersibility, use the minute quantity fiber just can reach reinforced effects, especially be soluble in vinylbenzene; Cohesiveness is strong, and stiffness, polarization are good, make the well lid product have fabulous load performance, anti-bending strength and tensile strength.
Pearlstone,A kind of natural acidic vitreous slag nonmetallic minerals comprises perlite, pitchstone and obsidian, and the three is that crystal water content is different.Because its volume expands 4～30 times rapidly under 1000～1300 ℃ of hot conditionss, so be referred to as pearlstone.General requirement expansion multiple＞7～10 times (obsidian＞3 times, available), silicon-dioxide about 70%.The ore of pearlstone after by material from acidic volcanic glass matter lava (perlite) mining sieves through giving heat through Mechanical Crushing, oscillatory type, and the moment high-temperature roasting forms, and has the ore in sand form of certain particle size level, and granule interior is a polynuclear plane.The jointing compound that uses in the process is different according to manufacturing, and can be divided into the silicate cement perlite, the luminite cement perlite, and what the present invention selected choosing is that the back is a kind of.
PSPS
,Be meant by styrene monomer, through radical polycondensation synthetic polymkeric substance.PS is generally head-to-tail structure, and main chain is a saturated carbon chains, and side group is the conjugation phenyl ring, makes the molecular structure irregularity, has increased the rigidity of molecule, makes PS become noncrystalline simple linear polymer.The PS most important character is a thermal stability during melting with mobile very good, so be easy to moldedly, molding shrinkage is little, and moulding article dimensional stability is good, dimensional precision height, even structure.It is to use maximum a kind of cushioning materials at present.It has unicellular structure, and water-absorbent is little, and good water resisting property is arranged, density little (being generally 0.015～0.03), and physical strength is good, the excellent in cushioning properties ability, thermal adaptability is strong, advantages such as radioresistance excellence.
Expanded vermiculite,Be a kind of secondary metamorphic mineral of magniferous water aluminosilicate of laminate structure, the raw ore form has two kinds of thicknesses, and thick person is normally by black (gold) mica; Form through hydrothermal alteration effect or weathering, keep the characteristic of mica sheet or flakey shape, thin person is earthy and mixes mutually with clay mineral; And its dehydration of being heated is around curved when expanding; Form exactly likes leech, so claim vermiculite, it is one of the lightest in the world mineral.Vermiculite is heated to after 600～950 ℃ high temperature klining expands, and crystal water is deviate from, and volume expands 18～25 times rapidly, thus have expand afterwards in light weight, characteristics such as thermal conductivity is low, and is high temperature resistant.It all contains more than 12,000 pore slight vermiculite the inside, and each pore all possesses the effect that an intensive moisture absorption is arranged.
River sand,River sand be natural stone under state of nature, through the reactive force of water collide repeatedly for a long time, fricative, its composition is comparatively complicated, there is certain slipperiness on the surface, a kind of non-metallic ore that foreign matter content is many.River sand particle is slick and sly, and relatively cleaner, the source is wide; River sand has distinguished contribution to construction industry, in concrete, plays the granular loose material of skeleton or filling effect.
Color is stuck with paste or the pigment powder,Be tinting material, interpolation when having color to require according to inspection shaft lid and water grate.
" a kind of HS GRC matrix material ", its formulation weight part proportioning (following prescription is " unit weight part " number meter) is:
Aluminate cement 40～48, alkali resistant glass fiber 3～5, pearlstone 8～18, PS 5.4～12.0, expanded vermiculite 0～3.7, river sand 0～3.6, water 24.5～30.5, color are stuck with paste or pigment powder 0～0.2.
[B]" a kind of high-strength rubber matrix material " prescription
With the regeneration fine rubber powder is main filler; (the regeneration fine rubber powder is a raw material with junked tires such as automobiles; Be prepared from specially) combine some materials of having fine avidity with this stopping composition; Thereby compound the preparing of success is satisfied with well lid product desired " a kind of high-strength rubber matrix material ".These and regeneration fine rubber powder; Starting material with fine avidity comprise: urethane resin, toughener (alkali resistant glass fiber, PS, vinylbenzene), solidifying agent (uncle's fourth fat, calcium hydroxide), releasing agent (Triple Pressed Stearic Acid, Zinic stearas) etc.; Wherein the performance and the effect of alkali resistant glass fiber, PS, color paste or pigment powder are above-mentioned
[A]In own by the agency of.The starting material of other choosing of selecting, its characteristic and effect separately is:
The regeneration fine rubber powder,Stopping composition is one of composite body, is prepared specially by junked tire.
Urethane resin,Molecular formula: C3H8N2O, main chain contain-base polymer of NHCOO-repeat unit structure, be polymerized by isocyanic ester (monomer) and oxy-compound.Owing to contain strong polar carbamate groups; Be insoluble to non-polar group; A kind of macromolecular material with characteristics such as HS, anti tear, resistance to pressure, wear resistance, toughness, stability to aging and binding propertys; Especially have best avidity with rubber powder, materials such as this urethane resin are one of main bodys that constitutes in special purpose rubber matrix material of the present invention.
Vinylbenzene,Molecular formula: C8H8; The maximum characteristics of this raw material are to make the thing that is cured crosslinked fully, and mechanical propertys such as tensile strength, compressive property are significantly improved; And shrinking percentage greatly reduces; In prescription of the present invention, not only play good enhancement, and follow-up formed product has stability.
Uncle's fourth fat,Molecular formula: C6H1202 curing initiator.
Calcium hydroxide,Molecular formula: Ca (OH) 2 promotes or the control curing reaction, is thermo-stabilizer.
Triple Pressed Stearic Acid, i.e. octadecanoic acid, molecular formula C18H36O2, releasing agent.
Zinic stearas, molecular formula: C36H70O4Zn, this raw material mainly play the lubricant of above-mentioned styron and releasing agent effect, in rubber, also have vulcanization leveller, the function of tenderizer simultaneously.
The special-purpose high-strength rubber matrix material of well lid, its formulation weight part proportioning (following prescription is " unit weight part " number meter) is:
20～35 parts of urethane resins, 12～15 parts of alkali resistant glass fibers, 3～5 parts of PS, 3.5～5.5 parts of vinylbenzene, 0.12～0.15 part in uncle's fourth fat, 0.12～0.15 part in calcium hydroxide, 0.8～1.2 part of Triple Pressed Stearic Acid, 0.7～1.2 part of Zinic stearas, 40～60 parts of fine rubber powders of regeneration, color are stuck with paste 0～0.2 part.
[C]" a kind of HS GRC composite drain cover " product
With " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " of above-mentioned Material formula makeup as base material, with alkali proof fiber grid cloth and wire netting etc. as embedded enhancing, the well lid product of made.
The alkali proof fiber grid cloth adopts and inserts the volume formula and through the special anti-glasscloth that subtracts coating, owing to through alkaline-resisting coating, can resist the alkaline corrosion of cement.The mesh order number of alkali proof fiber grid cloth (hole count in the every 25.4mm length of warp-wise and broadwise) is 5mm * 5mm; 4mm * 4mm, weight are 80～165g/ ㎡; Meet JC/T 173-94 standard, alkali proof fiber grid cloth of the present invention is provided by Dongguan illuminate China screen cloth ltd.
Wire netting adopts Mild Steel Wire; Iron wire, Stainless Steel Wire, Deformed Steel Bars; The reinforcing bar goods that welding fabrication is netted; Be that the right angle is arranged and be mutually to the vertical and horizontal reinforcing bar with certain spacing respectively, all the point of crossing all is welded together with forceful electric power damping power, and the present invention selects the Web materials of Deformed Steel Bars concrete steel welding fabrication for use.
In well lid making processes, alkali proof fiber grid cloth and wire netting are imbedded fully in the GRC matrix material compound of wiping one's face and are played skeleton function, with mechanical propertys such as the splitting resistance that improves well lid, bending strengths; Simultaneously after making the well lid mold pressing, be easy to the demoulding, be coated with aqueous release agent at mould twice on also before the mold pressing.Aqueous release agent; Claiming the EVA releasing agent again, is a kind of oil-in-water type parting agent, is that protectiveness, the high-stability of using silicone grinds the water-based emulsion releasing agent that forms meticulously; It can add pure water dilution use, no fire and the worry that injures the base material mould by any within the specific limits multiple.
[D]" a kind of HS GRC skeleton rubber composite drain cover " product
" a kind of HS GRC skeleton rubber composite drain cover " of the present invention product, be with " a kind of high-strength rubber matrix material " as mother metal, the product made from " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " is the embedded enhancing of skeleton, and the well lid product of making.
Wherein the skeleton made of GRC matrix material is arch bridge structure, and this is the great pioneering work with China ancestor work, and the pressure-bearing principle of " The Zhaozhou Bridge " and designing is arranged to sphere with GRC frame center position, and promptly every cross section through the center forms the arch bridge type.Because GRC matrix material and rubber composite have good affinity, guarantee the bearing capacity of well lid.The arch bridge skeleton structure of the coupling of such two kinds of matrix materials and " The Zhaozhou Bridge " is applied to the well lid product, is another great undertaking.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1For the present invention by " a kind of HS GRC matrix material ", make well lid product sample process flow diagram flow chart (supply test analysis performance with);
Fig. 2Be the present invention's " a kind of high-strength rubber matrix material " preparation process flow diagram flow chart;
Fig. 3Be the present invention's " a kind of HS GRC composite drain cover " product prepn process flow diagram flow chart;
Fig. 4Be the present invention's " a kind of HS GRC skeleton rubber composite drain cover " product synoptic diagram (sectional view), among Fig. 4,10 is that base material, 20 is the GRC skeleton;
Fig. 5Be the present invention's " a kind of HS GRC composite drain cover " product synoptic diagram (sectional view).Among Fig. 5,70 is that " a kind of HS GRC matrix material ", 80 is that alkali proof fiber grid cloth, 90 is wire netting;
Fig. 6Be the present invention's " a kind of HS GRC skeleton rubber composite drain cover " product prepn process flow diagram flow chart.
Specific embodiments
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, practical implementation form of the present invention is done further to detail.
Fig. 1,For " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " made well lid product sample process flow diagram flow chart; Do not add under the situation of any skeleton or other strongthener among Fig. 1; The HS GRC composite drain cover sample of made; The safety of mainly above-mentioned in order to analyze and to test " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " Material formula makeup is formed corresponding relation between analytic density and the mechanical property with the material different prescription.
Fig. 2, for " a kind of high-strength rubber matrix material " preparation process flow diagram flow chart, because in the material of forming; Different states such as solvent-borne type, particle shape, pulvis are arranged; Therefore, when being prepared into rubber composite, there is the regular hour poor; The material adition process have have earlier after, relate to some important technical parameters.
Fig. 3,Be " a kind of HS GRC composite drain cover " product prepn process flow diagram flow chart; Be exactly on the basis of Fig. 1; Two alkali proof fiber grid cloth and two wire nettings (as shown in Figure 5) have been increased as skeleton; The well lid product of made, Fig. 3 schematically show whole making well lid product process flow diagram flow chart.
Fig. 4,Be " a kind of HS GRC skeleton rubber composite drain cover " product synoptic diagram (sectional view),
Fig. 5,For " a kind of HS GRC composite drain cover " product synoptic diagram (sectional view), as a kind of case of Fig. 3, increased by two alkali proof fiber grid cloth and two wire nettings as skeleton, the illustrative diagram of the GRC composite drain cover product of made.
Fig. 6,Be " a kind of HS GRC skeleton rubber composite drain cover " production process flow diagram flow chart, Fig. 6 middle and upper part branch and Fig. 2 are in full accord; Fig. 6 lower middle portion is the GRC skeleton that is embedded with Twisted Steel, the set-up procedure before the mold pressing; Middle portion among Fig. 6 is from getting into mold pressing, arriving the process of well lid finished product at last.
Combine the present invention's four big contents: one, the preparation method of " the special-purpose HS GRC of well lid matrix material " at present; Two, the preparation method of " a kind of high-strength rubber matrix material "; Three, " a kind of HS GRC composite drain cover " product; Four, " a kind of HS GRC skeleton rubber composite drain cover " product is divided into four most contents successively and does further to detail.
[first part] preparation of " a kind of HS GRC matrix material ".
With reference to Fig. 1; With Dn700mm * 55mm well lid specification is embodiment, is having no material to do under the situation of skeleton, fully with " a kind of HS GRC matrix material "; The made well lid sample that makes, purpose are to detect well lid sample density, flexural strength, tensile strength; And different formula combination, the relation between density and other mechanical property.Detail below in conjunction with the practical implementation case:
Case study on implementation one,
Aluminate cement 40 (following prescription is " unit weight part " number meter), alkali resistant glass fiber 3.0, pearlstone 18, PS 7.0, expanded vermiculite 0, river sand 2.0, water 30.
Making processes (with reference to Fig. 1): prepare compound in proportion, carry out moulding immediately.Mould is put
On the level ground, directly material is divided into the two-layer die trial of packing into scraper or spoon, during the dress the first layer; Put into about half material of the die trial degree of depth, material is wipeed off back and forth, then for a moment with hand vibration die trial with scraper; Reinstall second layer material; With scraper material is wipeed off, vibrated die trial more for a moment, with scraper that the surface is floating at last.After 24 hours, carry out the demoulding and handle, do to decrease, accomplish demoulding extreme care, after finishing test specimen is numbered case one (following case is made numbering too respectively) for preventing test specimen.
Below from case study on implementation two to case study on implementation ten, making processes is identical with case one, for simple and direct clear for the purpose of, various prescriptions are formed, and the The performance test results of each case study on implementation, tabulation as follows:
Above performance test standard:
Density: press GB 208-93 " Standard test method for cement density " national standard;
Bending strength: press GB 1449-83 " Test method for flexural properties of glass fiberreinforced plastics " national standard;
Tensile strength is pressed GB 1447-83 " glass-steel reinforced plastic Erichsen test method " national standard.
According to above test case analysis:
1,GRC density changes between 0.85～1.08, and the variation of density and the variation of water-content are roughly the same, when water-content reduces gradually; Density also reduces, when reaching 25 parts, and gained density minimum (case six); This is because water-content hour, will be inflated that perlite particle is a large amount of earlier to absorb hypervolia; Because of the density of moisture own is bigger, just cause that GRC density increases.
,Bending strength and tensile strength are the wave distribution along with the prescription deal changes, and it is big that intensity becomes earlier; Reduce gradually after reaching peak value; And all occur in case six, and spun glass in above-mentioned ten case, deal is not lower than 3.0; Because of not remarkable less than 3.0 reinforced effects, but too much the intensity of GRC descends on the contrary.
,Case one does not add river sand, and adding expanded vermiculite in the prescription is not very big with adding the river sand influence, actual use both add one of them can, it is better to add river sand from cost consideration, but river sand must clean up before using.Can know that from table case seven is ideal formulations combinations.
Water consumption is called wc with the ratio of aluminate cement consumption, and wc is the significant parameter of decision GRC composite material strength, weather resistance and other a series of physical and mechanical properties.Under the constant situation of aluminate cement and aggregate consumption, wc increases, and the aluminate cement slurry is very rare, and the mixture flowability also increases thereupon, and vice versa.It is the water-retentivity that seriously reduces the GRC matrix material that water consumption increases the negative impact that brings, and increases bleeding, and cohesiveness is also descended.But wc is too little, crosses the low GRC of influence matrix material vibration compacting because of flowability again, is prone to produce pitted skin and cavity.
It is not essential sticking with paste as tinting material about color, and some street, park, athletic ground for for the purpose of attractive in appearance, are needed certain color, correspondingly adds a little colors and sticks with paste.
[second section] preparation of " well lid special-purpose high-strength rubber matrix material ".
Detail below in conjunction with the practical implementation case.
Case study on implementation 11,
Below prescription is " unit weight part " number meter:
30 parts of urethane resins, 15 parts in spun glass, 4.5 parts of PS, 4.5 parts of vinylbenzene, 0.15 part in uncle's fourth fat, 0.15 part in calcium hydroxide, 1 part of Triple Pressed Stearic Acid, 1 part of Zinic stearas, 60 parts of fine glue powders of regeneration, color are stuck with paste 0.2 part.
In the above raw material, urethane resin is gluey solvent-borne type, and PS is the particle shape, and vinylbenzene is solvent-borne type; Uncle's fourth fat is solvent-borne type, and calcium hydroxide is pulvis, and Triple Pressed Stearic Acid is a pulvis; The regeneration fine glue powder is pulvis (120 order), and color is stuck with paste and is mashed prod, and the length of spun glass is 4～8Cm.
It should be noted that spun glass in manufacturing processed, have cunning dose that is coated on the surface, this will be an impediment to bonding between resin and the glass, and the cleaning of must going ahead of the rest before using is removed.
Referring to Fig. 2, making processes is following:
Take by weighing above-mentioned raw materials and weight part thereof back subsequent use.
,Earlier become pasty state subsequent use with 4.5 parts vinylbenzene mixing stirring to pulp 4.5 parts PS; With 30 parts urethane resins, uncle's fourth fat of 0.15 part and 0.15 part calcium hydroxide, mix together with above-mentioned PS and vinylbenzene of pulling an oar into pasty state;
B,After mediating on the kneader, add color and stick with paste and be mixed together stirrings (mediate to stir and want even) again, about 12～16 minutes, add 60 parts regeneration fine rubber powder;
C,Continue stir about after 20 minutes, add 15 parts spun glass again;
D,And then stir about is after 5 minutes together, and whole process is accomplished.
Below from case study on implementation 12 to case study on implementation 20, making processes is fully identical with case study on implementation 12, for simple and direct clear for the purpose of, various prescriptions are formed, and the The performance test results of each case study on implementation, tabular form (containing case study on implementation 11) is explained.
Case study on implementation 11 to case study on implementation 20 objective for implementation are the well lid of Φ 700mm, tabulate as follows:
Last load carrying capacity test is according to the test of CJ/T3012 cast iron inspection shaft lid industry standard, and in this standard, with heavy level estimate, inspection shaft lid bearing capacity is 360KN, the permission residual deformation be D/500 (
DBe inspection shaft lid diameter).The numerical value of last column in the table, the numerical value of all testing with the D=700mm well lid.
More than from the material selection and the making processes of case study on implementation 11 to case study on implementation 20; Be to be based upon selected typical case on tens of inferior bases of testing; Joining the principle basis of selecting material is: technology makes every effort to simply, rationally, and final formed well lid product is guaranteed each item mechanical performance index and supporting capacity; Reach the requirement of standard, accomplish that again raw materials cost is minimum simultaneously.In above-mentioned making processes, because PS is a particle shape, vinylbenzene is solvent, pulls an oar into pasty state so need both to mix earlier; With urethane resin, uncle's fourth fat and calcium hydroxide, on kneader, mediate together again, guarantee 12 to 16 minutes kneading time; And after adding the regeneration fine glue powder, continue stir about about 20 minutes, the spun glass that after this adds; Also needed restir 5 minutes, spun glass plays the tractive enhancement, and the glass fibre length of this prescription is 4～8cm; Form optimum matching, the add-on of solidifying agent also is a key factor, and it is too fast to have added curing speed; It is slow excessively to add the curing speed of knowing clearly less, all will produce the internal stress behind the follow-up formation well lid product, makes unstable product quality; The degree of refinement of regeneration fine glue powder also is a key factor, and the order number is big and pure, organize more tie close; Therefore the regeneration fine glue powder of selecting choosing by the present invention is 120 orders; This fine glue powder of regenerating both increased rigid and wear resistance as filler, also was the dual function that reduces cost simultaneously; Triple Pressed Stearic Acid and Zinic stearas as releasing agent, are from stripping result and cost consideration, allow gloss to use Zinic stearas.
According to the above-mentioned principle of selecting material, and the performance index and the material cost comprehensive consideration that obtain from test, case study on implementation 17 is good choosing with case study on implementation 18.Important parameter about making processes converges table as follows:
<tables num="0001"> <table > <tgroup cols="6"> <colspec colname = "c001" colwidth = "8 % " /> <colspec colname="c002" colwidth="16%" /> <colspec colname="c003" colwidth="16%" /> <colspec colname =" c004 "colwidth =" 20% " /> <colspec colname="c005" colwidth="20%" /> <colspec colname =" c006 "colwidth =" 20 % " /> <tbody > <row > <entry morerows="1"> content </entry> <entry morerows =" 1 " > Renewable powder </entry> <entry morerows="1"> fiberglass length </entry> <entry morerows="1"> first Jiao mix </entry> <entry morerows = "1"> Second Jiao mix </entry> <entry morerows="1"> third Jiao mix </entry> </row> <row > <entry morerows="1"> parameters </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 120 mesh </entry> <entry morerows = "1" > 4 ~ 8cm </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 12 ~ 16 Minute </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 20 Minute </entry> <entry morerows = "1"> 5 Minute </entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> </tables>
[third part]The making of a kind of " HS GRC composite drain cover product ".
Referring to first part's content, from case study on implementation one to case study on implementation ten, be fully " the well lid exemplar that the GRC matrix material is made should add the embedded part material (skeleton) that increases during practical application, making processes is following:
Be coated with one deck aqueous release agent on the mould, be coated with one deck again after waiting to do, begin dress " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " after treating to do again and increase part with assembly, the number of times of feeding is that (N+1) is inferior, and the degree of depth of at every turn feeding is 1/(N+1) of a die depth; Wherein N is exactly the number of packages that embedding increases part, and earlier charging back assembly increases the part circulation successively, treat last charging after, Vibration on Start-up machine vibration 3 minutes treats after 20～30 minutes that watering is floating with the cement instrument of plastering a wall again.Be described further in the following case study on implementation 21.
Case study on implementation 21
Embedding increases part for increasing alkali proof fiber grid cloth and each two on wire netting (being N=4), and is embodiment with the prescription of case study on implementation seven.Prescription is: aluminate cement 45.5 (following prescription is " unit weight part " number meter), alkali resistant glass fiber 4.2, pearlstone 10.5, PS 10, expanded vermiculite 3, river sand 2.3, water 24.5; Obviously wc is (24.5/45.5=0.538).
Referring to Fig. 5 structure and the making processes figure that combines Fig. 3, the preparation process steps is following:
A,Get the raw materials ready by above-mentioned prescription, on stirrer, stir and get the alkali proof fiber grid cloth ready and each two on wire netting is for use;
B, get mould ready, be coated with the last layer aqueous release agent, wait to do;
C, againBe coated with the last layer aqueous release agent, wait to do;
D,Adorn first defective material, the degree of depth of charging is 1/5 of a die depth, and the surface is floating with the cement instrument of plastering a wall;
E, The first covered with alkali fiber mesh cloth, wipe the surface with cement walls tools smooth;
F,Dress is 1/5 material for the second time, and the surface is floating with the cement instrument of plastering a wall;
G, The first covered with barbed wire, the surface smooth with cement plastering tools;
H,Dress 1/5 material for the third time, the surface is floating with the cement instrument of plastering a wall;
I, covered with a second alkali fiber mesh cloth, wipe the surface with cement walls tools smooth;
J,Adorn the 4th time 1/5 material, the surface is floating with the cement instrument of plastering a wall;
K, covered with a second barbed wire, the surface smooth with cement plastering tools;
L,Adorn 1/5 the material of the 5th time (for the last time);
M,Vibration on Start-up machine vibration 3 minutes;
N,Treat after 20～30 minutes that watering is floating with the cement instrument of plastering a wall;
Z,Making finishes.
What need to specify is, the charging number of times of preparation process is that (N+1) is inferior, and the degree of depth of at every turn feeding is 1/(N+1) of a die depth.In the above case study on implementation 21, be in " a kind of HS GRC matrix material ", embedding increases has two alkali proof fiber grid cloth, two wire nettings, the case of N=4 embedding increasing part.Different according to the well lid sized, the present invention comprises that also following embedding increases part:
1,Two～four wire nettings (N=2～4);
2,Wire netting, three alkali proof fiber grid cloth (N=4);
3,1～2 (N=1～2), the steel plate that 1～3mm is thick, and on the steel plate face, be evenly equipped with 6～60, the through hole of 4～12mm.
" a kind of HS GRC composite drain cover " product of above made, toughness>=95KJ/m that the folding strength that the ultimate compression strength of measuring by GBJ81-85 " normal concrete mechanical test method " national standard is measured for>=30 MPa, by GBJ81-85 " normal concrete mechanical test method " national standard is measured for>=14MPa, by GB/T 1043-1993 " rigid plastics tube strutbeam impact test method " national standard
2, meet the well lid requirement of products.
[the 4th part] "A kind of HS GRC skeleton rubber composite drain cover " production of products.
Referring to Fig. 4, this well lid product is made up of base material 10 and GRC skeleton 20.Base material 10 is exactly among the inventive method Fig. 2, prepared " a kind of high-strength rubber matrix material "; Skeleton 20 is again with among the inventive method Fig. 1, and prepared " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " is mother metal, forms for embedded enhancing with " Twisted Steel frame ".The structure of skeleton 20 is " bamboo hat " shape (sphere), and obviously " Twisted Steel frame " embedded enhancing also is to be " bamboo hat " shape; " Twisted Steel frame " is 3～12, cross section for the Deformed Steel Bars rib assembly welding of " arch bridge (sphere) shape " becomes by quantity again, forms the stressed structure of equal strength.
Diameter and thickness according to the well lid of different size; The arch radii of " arch bridge shape " Deformed Steel Bars rib is R100～180mm; For the well lid product of light-duty grade, the material of skeleton 20 also can all be " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " and need not embedded " Twisted Steel frame ".During concrete the making; To calculate the volume of well lid earlier; Deduct the volume of GRC skeleton 20, multiply by the proportion (being about 1.9～2.3) of " a kind of high-strength rubber matrix material " again, be and make required " a kind of high-strength rubber matrix material " consumption of this well lid base material 10.Before the mold pressing, the GRC skeleton is put into mould earlier, must give heat together earlier to 150～180 ℃ of temperature in company with mould; Charging then, with 250～500 t hydraulic press compression moldings, the pressurize demoulding in 10～20 minutes; The demoulding also will be carried out sulfidizing later on, and last well lid product is warehouse-in after the finishing check.
So far; What need special declaration is: to method of manufacture of the present invention; Comprise composition and the weight proportion of the method for manufacture of " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " and " a kind of HS XJ matrix material ", two kinds of well lid production of products processes and method of manufacture, two kinds of composite-material formulas, important parameter of making processes etc. all these; All be the experience that accumulates through during the last ten years,, adopt methods such as Orthogonal Method, " gold segmentation " through certain calculating; Practice-test-practice again, the invention that draws repeatedly.Colleague's technician can change fully easily a little very much: like the covert replacing of material prescription, the increase and decrease of material prescription weight ratio, the modulation a little of important parameter; The conversion of processing a little of framework material and structure etc.; But " the changing a little " of all these all belongs within the rights protection scope in claims of the present invention.
In sum, two kinds of matrix materials that the present invention's " GRC and XJ composite material and preparation method thereof and combined manhole cover " is provided than the nonmetallic composite of prior art, being applied to aspect well lid and the water grate, are a major technological breakthrough and reform and innovation; Be " to mould Dai Gang " fundamental state policy of country,, have very significant meaning for accelerating to advance applying of advanced composite material; Two kinds of advanced composite material well lid products of made of the present invention have premium propertiess such as supporting capacity is strong, excellent in cushion effect, resistance to deterioration is good, anti tear, wear resistant corrosion resistant property is high, damping effect is obvious, durable in use, and cost performance are high.Be applied to well lid product aspect for thoroughly solving non-metallic material, made major contribution, but mass production, but the large-scale popularization of mass-producing is applied on the inspection chamber of avenue road, highway etc. fully, and application prospect is very considerable! Pedestrian, driving safety harmony, of far-reaching significance.
Claims (9)
1. GRC provided by the invention and XJ composite material and preparation method thereof and combined manhole cover is characterized in that: the material of said " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " is formed and prescription is: aluminate cement 40～48 alkali resistant glass fibers 3～5, pearlstone 8～18, PS 5.4～12.0, expanded vermiculite 0～3.7, river sand 0～3.6, water 24.5～30.5, color are stuck with paste or pigment powder 0～0.2.
2. the GRC and XJ composite material and preparation method thereof and the combined manhole cover that provide according to claims 1 is characterized in that: the material of said " a kind of high-strength rubber matrix material " is formed and prescription is: 20～35 parts of urethane resins, 12～15 parts of alkali resistant glass fibers, 3～5 parts of PS, 3.5～5.5 parts of vinylbenzene, 0.12～0.15 part in uncle's fourth fat, 0.12～0.15 part in calcium hydroxide, 0.8～1.2 part of Triple Pressed Stearic Acid, 0.7～1.2 part of Zinic stearas, 40～60 parts of fine rubber powders of regeneration, color are stuck with paste 0～0.2 part.
3. the GRC and XJ composite material and preparation method thereof and the combined manhole cover that provide according to claims 1; It is characterized in that: said a kind of " HS GRC composite drain cover " product; Be in " a kind of HS GRC matrix material "; Embedding increases and increases part by the embedding of N spare and form, and wherein N has: two～four wire nettings (N=2～4); Wire netting, three alkali proof fiber grid cloth (N=4); 1～2 (N=1～2), the steel plate that 1～3mm is thick, and on the steel plate face, be evenly equipped with 6～60, the through hole of 4～12mm.
4. the GRC and XJ composite material and preparation method thereof and the combined manhole cover that provide according to claims 1 or 2 or 3; It is characterized in that: said " a kind of HS GRC skeleton rubber composite drain cover " product; Be that embedding increases by the GRC skeleton to be formed in " a kind of high-strength rubber matrix material "; Wherein skeleton is a mother metal by " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " again, and embedded quantity is that 3～12, cross section are that arch bridge (sphere) shape, arch radii are that the be welded Twisted Steel frame of bamboo hat shape of the Deformed Steel Bars rib of R100～180mm is formed.
5. the GRC and XJ composite material and preparation method thereof and the combined manhole cover that provide according to claims 1 or 3, the preparation method of said " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " is characterized in that: prepare compound in proportion; Carry out moulding immediately; Mould is placed on the level ground, with scraper or spoon material is divided into the two-layer mould of packing into, the first layer is put into half material of about die depth and is wipeed off; The vibration die trial for a moment; Reinstall second layer material and wipe off, the vibration die trial is floating again a moment, the demoulding after 24 hours.
6. the GRC and XJ composite material and preparation method thereof and the combined manhole cover that provide according to claims 1 or 2 or 4; The preparation method of said " a kind of high-strength rubber matrix material " is characterized in that: become pasty state subsequent use with vinylbenzene mixing stirring to pulp PS earlier; With urethane resin, uncle's fourth fat and calcium hydroxide; Together with above-mentioned subsequent use mix kneading after; Add the color paste and be mixed together stir about again 12～16 minutes, add 120 orders regeneration fine rubber powder, continue stir about after 20 minutes; Add the long spun glass of 4～8Cm again, and then stir about 5 minutes together.
7. according to claims 1 or 3; The GRC that provides and XJ composite material and preparation method thereof and combined manhole cover, said " a kind of HS GRC composite drain cover " production of products method is characterized in that: be coated with one deck aqueous release agent on the mould; Be coated with one deck again after waiting to do; Begin dress " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " after treating to do again and increase part with assembly, the number of times of feeding is that (N+1) is inferior, and the degree of depth of at every turn feeding is 1/(N+1) of a die depth; Wherein N is exactly the number of packages that embedding increases part, and earlier charging back assembly increases the part circulation successively, treat last charging after, Vibration on Start-up machine vibration 3 minutes treats after 20～30 minutes that watering is floating with the cement instrument of plastering a wall again.
8. the GRC and XJ composite material and preparation method thereof and the combined manhole cover that provide according to claims 1 or 2 or 4 or 6; Said " a kind of HS GRC skeleton rubber composite drain cover " production method; It is characterized in that: " GRC skeleton " by " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " and " Twisted Steel frame " are formed put into mould earlier; Give heat together to 150～180 ℃ of temperature in company with mould; Charging then, with 250～500 t hydraulic press compression moldings, the pressurize demoulding in 10～20 minutes and sulfidizing.
9. the GRC and XJ composite material and preparation method thereof and the combined manhole cover that provide according to claims 1 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 7; Said " a kind of HS GRC matrix material " is characterized in that: the aluminate cement label is that the length of A900, spun glass is that 4～8cm, pearlstone are the luminite cement perlite.
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| CN2011102824750A CN102432253A (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | Preparation methods of high-strength glass-fiber reinforced cement (GRC) composite material and high-strength XJ composite material, high-strength GRC composite material well-cover, and high-strength GRC-supported XJ composite material well-cover |
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| CN2011102824750A CN102432253A (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | Preparation methods of high-strength glass-fiber reinforced cement (GRC) composite material and high-strength XJ composite material, high-strength GRC composite material well-cover, and high-strength GRC-supported XJ composite material well-cover |
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| CN102875776A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-01-16 | 许甫民 | Raw material and preparation method of modified rubber-plastic rain grate |
| CN105109062A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-02 | 李爱军 | Technology for producing manhole cover by adopting polyurethane vacuum injection method |
| CN106759504A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-31 | 南宁学院 | A kind of honeycomb steel plate combines concrete manhole cover |
| CN108586857A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-09-28 | 佛山市三水万瑞达环保科技有限公司 | A kind of high abrasion resistance to compression lightweight cellar for storing things well lid and preparation method thereof |
| CN108625401A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-10-09 | 中国城市建设研究院有限公司 | The underground pipe gallery closed cover board of fiber-reinforced composite concrete protection |
| CN108706936A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-26 | 成都市容德建筑劳务有限公司 | Concrete with heat insulation function |
| CN110627442A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-31 | 北京工业大学 | Fiber grid reinforced hybrid fiber high-strength and high-ductility cement-based composite material manhole cover and preparation method thereof |
| RU214235U1 (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-10-17 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Символ" | VIEWING HOLE |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102875776A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-01-16 | 许甫民 | Raw material and preparation method of modified rubber-plastic rain grate |
| CN105109062A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-02 | 李爱军 | Technology for producing manhole cover by adopting polyurethane vacuum injection method |
| CN106759504A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-31 | 南宁学院 | A kind of honeycomb steel plate combines concrete manhole cover |
| CN106759504B (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-09-25 | 南宁学院 | A kind of honeycomb steel plate combination concrete manhole cover |
| CN108706936A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-26 | 成都市容德建筑劳务有限公司 | Concrete with heat insulation function |
| CN108625401A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-10-09 | 中国城市建设研究院有限公司 | The underground pipe gallery closed cover board of fiber-reinforced composite concrete protection |
| CN108586857A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-09-28 | 佛山市三水万瑞达环保科技有限公司 | A kind of high abrasion resistance to compression lightweight cellar for storing things well lid and preparation method thereof |
| CN110627442A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-31 | 北京工业大学 | Fiber grid reinforced hybrid fiber high-strength and high-ductility cement-based composite material manhole cover and preparation method thereof |
| RU214235U1 (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-10-17 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Символ" | VIEWING HOLE |
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