CN102432087A - Method for treating heavy-metal-containing wastewater by external electric field reinforced micro-electrolysis technology - Google Patents

Method for treating heavy-metal-containing wastewater by external electric field reinforced micro-electrolysis technology Download PDF

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CN102432087A
CN102432087A CN2011103444890A CN201110344489A CN102432087A CN 102432087 A CN102432087 A CN 102432087A CN 2011103444890 A CN2011103444890 A CN 2011103444890A CN 201110344489 A CN201110344489 A CN 201110344489A CN 102432087 A CN102432087 A CN 102432087A
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micro
electrolysis
electric field
waste water
heavy metal
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徐晓军
王刚
杨津津
朱丽云
高琨阳
聂蕊
范领东
韩振宇
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating heavy-metal-containing wastewater by an external electric field reinforced micro-electrolysis technology, and belongs to the fields of water treatment technologies and recycling. In the method, the heavy-metal-containing wastewater is pretreated or not pretreated and then introduced into an external electric field reinforced micro-electrolysis reactor to be treated, a micro-electrolysis filler is filled in the reactor and is put in an external electric field with certain intensity, and micro-electrolysis reaction is promoted and reinforced through the reinforcing effect of the external electric field, so that metal ions in the wastewater are reduced into metal simple substances on the surface of the filler, and effluent can meet the requirement of the wastewater emission standard or can be directly recycled in the production process. The method has the advantages of high reaction speed, removal rate, recycling efficiency and environment compatibility and the like.

Description

Electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech is handled the method for heavy metal-containing waste water beyond a kind of
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of treatment process of heavy metal-containing waste water, relate in particular to a kind of in addition electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech and handle the method that heavy metal-containing waste water reclaims heavy metal resources in the waste water, belong to technical field of waste water processing.
Background technology
Be accompanied by the fast development of industries such as China mine, smelting, plating, metal processing, chemical industry, pigment, the throughput of enterprise improves constantly, and produces a large amount of heavy metal-containing waste waters in the production process; And the waste water water yield is increasing, if these heavy metal-containing waste waters directly are thrown into environment, not only can cause serious pollution to water body or other environmental factorss; And can produce huge potential threat to human body, the destruction because the heavy metal in the environment can not be decomposed, and the transformation of physics, chemical form can only take place; Biological magnification heavy metal through food chain obtains enrichment in vivo; The final human body that gets into produces heavy metal poisoning, jeopardizes HUMAN HEALTH and even life security, simultaneously; The direct discharging of heavy metal-containing waste water also can cause the significant wastage of resource, brings the internal diseconomy property of enterprise.For this reason, must be before the heavy metal-containing waste water discharging through treatment and purification reaching the emission standard requirement, and metals resources in the maximum dynamics recovery waste water, turn waste into wealth.
At present, the treatment technology to heavy metal-containing waste water can reduce chemical method, physico-chemical processes, biological process three major types substantially.Electrochemical process is owing to advantages such as it has clearance height, recoverable metal resource, environment compatibility is good, secondary pollution is little more and more receive efforts at environmental protection person's favor in numerous treatment processs.
And the micro-electrolysis method in the electrochemical process is the processing of heavy metal-containing waste water a kind of new approach is provided; This method is to utilize iron filings, gac etc. to make micro-electrolysis stuffing; With waste water is electrolyte solution; Through heavy metal in the reaction of the galvanic cell between the little electrolysis particle galvanic deposit waste water, reach the purpose that purifying waste water processing reclaims metals resources.This method is compared the traditional chemical method can turn waste into wealth, and handles waste water through the means of the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another, and this method also has advantages such as energy consumption is low, processing cost is low, easy and simple to handle simultaneously, in heavy metal-containing wastewater treatment, has a extensive future.Develop some through efforts at environmental protection person's unremitting effort and be directed to little electrolysis treatment technology of heavy metal-containing waste water; As: patent 200910218380.5 discloses a kind of " micro-electrolysis treatment method of lead-zinc smelting wastewater "; Patent 201010293120.7 discloses a kind of " method of a kind of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis treatment of high concentration cupric antibiotic waste water and recovery copper "; Patent 201010503732.4 discloses a kind of " interior electrolysis-electrolytic process is handled heavy metal-containing waste water " or the like, the application of constantly having expanded micro electrolysis tech.
But; Because micro-electrolysis method only utilizes the galvanic cell effect of himself; Can only form faint electric current and voltage at little electrolysis particle surface, and the catalyzed reaction of this current/voltage is limited in one's ability, this must bring long, problem such as processing efficiency is on the low side of wastewater treatment time; And then cause that water treating equipment are excessive, compliance rate is on the low side, limited micro electrolysis tech applying in heavy metal-containing wastewater treatment.
The problem that exists during to the little electrolysis treatment of heavy metal-containing waste water; How through improve, improvement should technology or exploitation United Technologies; Under the prerequisite that keeps traditional micro electrolysis tech advantage, effectively solve above-mentioned drawback problem, become an important techniques problem thereby handle heavy metal-containing waste water efficiently, economically.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome the deficiency and the shortcoming of traditional micro electrolysis tech, provides a kind of in addition electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech to handle the method for heavy metal-containing waste water, and this is the method that efficient treatment and purification of a kind of heavy metal-containing waste water and metals resources reclaim.
For realizing the object of the invention; The present invention strengthens traditional little electrolysis galvanic cell reaction through the introducing of external electric field; Produce bigger galvanic current and voltage; Improve the catalyzed reaction ability,, handle back water and can directly discharge or be back to production process in the shortest reaction times, to reach the highest heavy metal place to go rate.
The inventive method intensifying technology process object is various types of heavy metal-containing waste waters or contains heavy metal organic waste water, like smelting wastewater, mine wastewater, beneficiation wastewater, electroplating wastewater, pharmacy waste water etc.; Also can be various types of organic waste waters, like dyeing waste water, food processing wastewater etc.
A kind of in addition electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech of the present invention is handled the method for heavy metal-containing waste water; The concrete technical scheme that adopts is: heavy metal-containing waste water through or without pre-treatment; Wastewater Pretreatment is to adopt pretreatment process commonly used in the wastewater treatment; Carry out pre-treatment as making up through any mode such as balancing reservoir, coagulative precipitation tank, pH regulator pond or several kinds of modes, make the water-quality guideline such as wastewater pH that get into micro-electrolysis reactor meet into water requirement, pH is controlled in 2 ~ 9 scopes; And the removal suspended substance can directly be introduced micro-electrolysis reactor when raw wastewater meets the little electrolysis water inlet of reinforcement without pre-treatment when requiring; To be 2 ~ 9 waste water with pH introduce external electric field with 0.1mL/s~100L/s flow velocity strengthens in the micro-electrolysis reactor and handles; External electric field is strengthened the micro-electrolysis stuffing that filling mixes by a certain percentage in the micro-electrolysis reactor; Then in the external electric field of certain intensity; Strength of electric field >=0.1V/cm; Through the strengthening effect of external electric field, promote and strengthen the carrying out of filler micro-electrolysis reaction, make that metals ion is reduced into metal simple-substance at filling surface in the waste water to be able to reclaim metal simple-substance; Simultaneously organism also can be decomposed into small organic molecule or inorganics reducing waste water COD in the waste water, but water outlet can reach wastewater discharge standard requirement or direct reuse in production process after the intensified process.
External electric field of the present invention is one or more electric fields in DC electric field, alternating-electric field, the pulsed electrical field, external electric field strength of electric field >=0.1V/cm.
External electric field of the present invention is through the filler left and right sides or the battery lead plate or the electrode bar of both sides are introduced up and down; Or through the introducing of the electrode sleeve around the filler; Or the array mode of battery lead plate and electrode sleeve is introduced; Or the array mode introducing of electrode bar and motor cover, or the array mode of battery lead plate and electrode bar is introduced.
Micro-electrolysis stuffing of the present invention is the binary micro-electrolysis stuffing bed of iron, aluminium, copper, carbon arbitrary combination formation; Or iron, copper, aluminium, zinc, carbon the arbitrary combination ternary or the above micro-electrolysis stuffing bed of ternary that constitute, or iron, copper, aluminium, the alloy of zinc arbitrary combination and the micro-electrolysis stuffing bed of carbon formation.
Ratio >=the 1:10 of active anode and inert cathode quality in the micro-electrolysis stuffing of binary micro-electrolysis stuffing according to the invention, alloy and carbon, and this ratio value is big more, and strengthening effect is obvious more, and alloy is the commercial alloys material; By the active descending order of each composition, the mass ratio >=1:10 in the above micro-electrolysis stuffing of ternary or ternary between each composition.
Micro-electrolysis stuffing of the present invention is decentralized composite grain irregularity filler form and/or mating type composite grain structured packing form.
The bed that filler constitutes in the micro-electrolysis reactor of the present invention is fixed bed, move a kind of in bed, the fluidized-bed layer.
Among the present invention after the intensified process water outlet can pass through certain post-processing again, post-treating method commonly used in the wastewater treatment is adopted in discharging or reuse, waste water aftertreatment.
The introducing of external electric field of the present invention mainly shows as the strengthening effect of microelectrolysis process: micro-electrolysis reaction can change GOLD FROM PLATING SOLUTION and belong to ionic chemistry potential energy under the polarized action of extra electric field; Reduce the required activation energy of reaction; And it is, big more according to electrochemical theory E because applying of external electric field makes the anode and cathode difference in Electrode Potential enlarge, and then improved original corrosion galvanic cell standard potential E; Spontaneous degree is big more; The metal electrodeposition reaction is thorough more, and extra electric field can promote the migration of little electrolysis particle surface electronics and GOLD FROM PLATING SOLUTION to belong to the migration of ion to particle surface simultaneously, and then improves mass-transfer efficiency; The carrying out that adds fast response, synthesis result make speed of reaction and clearance be significantly improved.
The method that a kind of in addition electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech of the present invention is handled heavy metal-containing waste water compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, compare with traditional micro electrolysis tech, speed of reaction of the present invention is fast, clearance is high, processing efficiency is high, resource utilization efficient high.
2, the equipment according to said method exploitation is littler than traditional little electrolyzer, and floor space is also little.
3, compare with the conventional chemical method, present method can reclaim metals resources in the waste water, reaches the purpose that turns waste into wealth, and simultaneously, this method also has advantages such as environment compatibility is good, sludge output is few, secondary pollution is little, easy and simple to handle.
Embodiment
Through embodiment the inventive method is further described below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to said content.
Embodiment 1: electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech is handled the method for heavy metal-containing waste water beyond this, and concrete steps are following:
Feasibility and meliority with this method of remaining copper ionic concn size evaluation contrast this waste water of traditional micro-electrolysis treatment simultaneously, and waste water quality is: Cu 2+=100mg/L, Na 2SO 4=0.1mol/L.
Regulate wastewater pH=9 with sulfuric acid, with the constant rate of 100L/s micro-electrolysis reactor is strengthened in the waste water feeding, strengthening interior the filling with iron carbon decentralized composite grain irregularity filler of micro-electrolysis reactor is the fixed bed that micro-electrolysis stuffing is processed; Iron carbon mass ratio is 1:10, and through electrode sleeve electrode input dc power field, strength of electric field is 0.1V/cm; External Electrical Field is on packing layer; Cupric ion is reduced into copper simple substance at the iron carbon surface and separates out in the waste water when waste water is flowed through the reactor filler layer, thereby reaches the purpose of removing cupric ion in the waste water and reclaiming the copper resource, and waste water is outflow reactor after strengthening the micro-electrolysis reactor internal reaction to stop certain hour; Water outlet is filtered immediately and is detected remaining copper ionic concn in the waste water; Simultaneously, handle this waste water with traditional micro electrolysis tech under the same conditions and do the contrast experiment, experimental result is seen table 1.
Table 1: strengthen little electrolysis and traditional micro electrolysis tech experimental result contrast (remaining copper ionic concn: mg/L)
Reaction times (min) 5 20 30 40 50 60
Reinforcement 27.98 7.18 1.983 0.614 0.214 0.066
The tradition method 34.17 16.7 10.979 5.62 2.986 2.367
Embodiment 2: electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech is handled the method for heavy metal-containing waste water beyond this, and concrete operations are following:
Feasibility and meliority with this method of remaining copper ionic concn size evaluation contrast this waste water of traditional micro-electrolysis treatment simultaneously, and waste water quality is: Cu 2+=100mg/L, Na 2SO 4=0.1mol/L.
Regulate waste water to pH=2 with sulfuric acid; The constant rate of control 0.1mL/s feeds the reinforcement micro-electrolysis reactor with waste water, and strengthening interior the filling with the structured packing of aluminum bronze carbon mating type composite grain of micro-electrolysis reactor is the mobile bed that micro-electrolysis stuffing is processed, and aluminum bronze carbon mass ratio is 2:1:1; And be that the External Electrical Field of 4V/cm is on packing layer through parallel-plate electrode input AC strength of electric field; Cupric ion is reduced into copper simple substance at the aluminum bronze carbon surface and separates out in the waste water when waste water is flowed through the reactor filler layer, thereby reaches the purpose of removing cupric ion in the waste water and reclaiming the copper resource, and waste water is outflow reactor after strengthening the micro-electrolysis reactor internal reaction to stop certain hour; Water outlet is filtered immediately and is detected remaining copper ionic concn in the waste water; Simultaneously, handle this waste water with traditional micro electrolysis tech under the same conditions and do the contrast experiment, experimental result is seen table 2.
Table 2 is strengthened little electrolysis and traditional little electrolytic experiment experimental result contrast (remaining copper ionic concn: mg/L)
Reaction times (min) 10 20 30 40 50 60
Reinforcement 8.63 3.87 0.54 0.22 0.089 0.031
The tradition method 37.55 22.48 11.22 5.9 3.65 2.19
Embodiment 3: electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech is handled the heavy metal-containing waste water method beyond this, and concrete steps are following:
Feasibility and meliority with this method of remaining copper ionic concn size evaluation contrast this waste water of traditional micro-electrolysis treatment simultaneously, and waste water quality is: Cu 2+=100mg/L, Na 2SO 4=0.1mol/L.
Regulate waste water to pH=5 with sulfuric acid; The constant rate of control 10mL/s feeds the reinforcement micro-electrolysis reactor with waste water; Strengthen that to fill with copper zinc alloy and carbon in the micro-electrolysis reactor be the fluidized-bed layer that the decentralized processed of micro-electrolysis stuffing and mating type make up; Copper zinc alloy and carbon mass ratio are 3:1, and the array mode input pulse strength of current through electrode sleeve and electric shock baton be the External Electrical Field of 5V/cm on packing layer, cupric ion is reduced into copper simple substance at alloy surface and separates out in the waste water when waste water is flowed through the reactor filler layer; Thereby reach the purpose of removing cupric ion in the waste water and reclaiming the copper resource; Waste water is outflow reactor after strengthening the micro-electrolysis reactor internal reaction to stop certain hour, and water outlet is filtered immediately and detected remaining copper ionic concn in the waste water, simultaneously; Handle this waste water with traditional micro electrolysis tech under the same conditions and do the contrast experiment, experimental result is seen table 3.
Table 3 is strengthened little electrolysis and traditional little electrolytic experiment result contrast (remaining copper ionic concn: mg/L)
Reaction times/min 10 20 30 40 50 60
Reinforcement 0.041 0.03 0.023 0.017 0.012 0.011
The tradition method 48.19 33.35 24.58 17.12 12.39 9.98
Embodiment 4: electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech is handled the method for heavy metal-containing waste water beyond this, and concrete steps are following:
With the lead-zinc smelting wastewater is process object, contrasts this waste water of traditional micro-electrolysis treatment simultaneously, with the feasibility and the meliority of kish ionic concn and this method of COD size evaluation, lead-zinc smelting wastewater water quality: pH=1.9, Cu 2+=3.86mg/L, Zn 2+=1815mg/L, Pb 2+=2.471mg/L, Cd 2+=1.33mg/L, COD=139mg/L.
Regulate lead-zinc smelting wastewater to pH=4 with sulfuric acid; The constant rate of control 10mL/s feeds the reinforcement micro-electrolysis reactor with this waste water; Strengthening interior the filling with iron carbon discrete particles of micro-electrolysis reactor is the fixed bed that micro-electrolysis stuffing is processed; Iron carbon mass ratio is 6:1; And through parallel-plate electrode input dc power intensity of field be the External Electrical Field of 5V/cm on packing layer, metals ion is reduced into metal simple-substance at the iron carbon surface and separates out in the waste water when waste water is flowed through the reactor filler layer, organism also is decomposed into CO at the iron carbon surface by deep oxidation 2, H 2Inorganic molecule or small organic molecules such as O; Remove the purpose that metals ion in the waste water reclaims metals resources and degradation of organic substances thereby reach; Outflow reactor after waste water is being strengthened the micro-electrolysis reactor internal reaction to stop 120min, water outlet is filtered immediately and is detected kish ionic concn and COD in the waste water, simultaneously; Handle this waste water with traditional micro electrolysis tech under the same conditions and do the contrast experiment, experimental result is seen table 4.
Table 4 is strengthened little electrolysis and traditional little electrolytic experiment result's contrast (remaining copper ionic concn: mg/L)
Water-quality guideline Cu Pb Zn Cd COD cr
Reinforcement 0.029 0.079 5.34 0.001 9.46
The tradition method 0.171 0.437 342.58 0.294 98.1

Claims (8)

1. electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech is handled the method for heavy metal-containing waste water beyond one kind; It is characterized in that: heavy metal-containing waste water through or after pre-treatment; To be 2 ~ 9 waste water with pH introduce external electric field with the flow velocity of 0.1mL/s ~ 100L/s strengthens in the micro-electrolysis reactor and handles; Be filled with micro-electrolysis stuffing in the external electric field reinforcement micro-electrolysis reactor; In strength of electric field >=0.1V/cm external electric field, carry out 5~120min electrodeposit reaction then, reclaim metal simple-substance in the waste water, production is directly discharged or is back in water outlet after the intensified process.
2. electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech is handled the heavy metal-containing waste water method beyond according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: external electric field is one or more electric fields in DC electric field, alternating-electric field, the pulsed electrical field.
3. electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech is handled the heavy metal-containing waste water method beyond according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: external electric field is introduced through one or more modes in battery lead plate, electrode bar, the electrode sleeve.
4. electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech is handled the heavy metal-containing waste water method beyond according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: micro-electrolysis stuffing is the binary micro-electrolysis stuffing bed of iron, aluminium, copper, carbon arbitrary combination formation; Or iron, copper, aluminium, zinc, carbon the arbitrary combination ternary or the above micro-electrolysis stuffing bed of ternary that constitute, or iron, copper, aluminium, the alloy of zinc arbitrary combination and the micro-electrolysis stuffing bed of carbon formation.
5. electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech is handled the heavy metal-containing waste water method beyond according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the mass ratio >=1:10 of anode and negative electrode in the micro-electrolysis stuffing of binary micro-electrolysis stuffing or alloy and carbon; By the active descending order of each composition, the mass ratio >=1:10 in the above micro-electrolysis stuffing of ternary or ternary between each composition.
6. electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech is handled the heavy metal-containing waste water method beyond according to claim 5, and it is characterized in that: micro-electrolysis stuffing is decentralized composite grain irregularity filler form and/or mating type composite grain structured packing form.
7. electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech is handled the heavy metal-containing waste water method beyond according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the bed that filler constitutes in the micro-electrolysis reactor is fixed bed, move a kind of in bed, the fluidized-bed layer.
8. electric field-enhanced micro electrolysis tech is handled the heavy metal-containing waste water method beyond according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: water outlet is again through discharging or reuse after the aftertreatment after the intensified process.
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CN102849877A (en) * 2012-09-27 2013-01-02 昆明理工大学 Method for purifying high concentrated organic wastewater by electrically assisted iron-carbon bed
CN103073093A (en) * 2013-01-24 2013-05-01 昆明理工大学 Multistage inclined-plate type electric filter bed and application thereof in purification of heavy metal wastewater
CN103708658A (en) * 2013-12-17 2014-04-09 绍兴水处理发展有限公司 Iron and aluminum aeration micro-electrolysis wastewater treatment process
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CN109824020B (en) * 2019-03-26 2022-01-28 扬州大学 Electrode for removing iron ions in sulfuric acid solution by electrochemical deposition method
CN110563216A (en) * 2019-08-12 2019-12-13 佛山市思特四通化工有限公司 Environment-friendly printing factory effluent treatment plant
CN117069207A (en) * 2023-09-12 2023-11-17 深圳市贝特瑞新能源技术研究院有限公司 Treatment method, treatment device and application of low-concentration heavy metal wastewater

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Application publication date: 20120502