CN102427911A - Method for forming breakage start section of metallic part - Google Patents
Method for forming breakage start section of metallic part Download PDFInfo
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- CN102427911A CN102427911A CN2010800215272A CN201080021527A CN102427911A CN 102427911 A CN102427911 A CN 102427911A CN 2010800215272 A CN2010800215272 A CN 2010800215272A CN 201080021527 A CN201080021527 A CN 201080021527A CN 102427911 A CN102427911 A CN 102427911A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- beginning portion
- connecting rod
- metal member
- fracture
- member made
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
- F16C9/04—Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof
- F16C9/045—Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof the bearing cap of the connecting rod being split by fracturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P13/00—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P13/00—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P13/02—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass in which only the machining operations are important
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
- F16C2240/42—Groove sizes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
- F16C2240/44—Hole or pocket sizes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
- F16C2300/10—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to size
- F16C2300/12—Small applications, e.g. miniature bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
- F16C2360/22—Internal combustion engines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
A method for forming a breakage start section of a metallic part, provided with a first step for forming by machining a groove (11) in a portion of the metallic part (1), said portion corresponding to the breakage start section, and also with a second step for forming recesses (12) in the bottom portion of the groove (11) in such a manner that the recesses (12) are separated from each other at predetermined intervals. The breakage start section of the metallic part, said breakage start section having a stable breakage surface after breakage, can be formed at low cost by the method, and the method can manufacture a connecting rod having uniform breakage surfaces which can be obtained by impact energy significantly lower than that conventionally required. High-quality connecting rods can be obtained while satisfying the demand for energy saving.
Description
Technical field
For example the present invention relates to form the fracture beginning portion formation method of metal member made of the fracture beginning portion of metal member mades such as the connecting rod of automobile (below, only be expressed as " connecting rod ").
Background technology
In the past; Known as following technology: inner peripheral surface in the big end of the connecting rod of for example automobile etc.; Along the mutual opposed position of thickness direction, form by the groove shape or separate small interval and be linked to be the fracture beginning portion (for example, with reference to patent documentation 1) that the recess of linearity constitutes.
When forming such fracture beginning portion, used laser aid in the patent documentation 1.In order to utilize laser aid to form correct fracture beginning portion, must import and be provided with the such expensive device of tens million of units.Therefore, also there is following situation: replace this laser aid and use special-purpose broaching machine to come to constitute the fracture beginning portion of V-shaped valley with formation.
In addition, also there is following situation: replace using such laser aid or broaching machine, form the many recesses that separate predetermined space via the sawtooth (ノ コ ギ リ sword) of special use and through machining, and do not form slot part (for example, with reference to patent documentation 2).
Technical literature formerly
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2005-144467 communique (paragraph (0002)～(0003), Fig. 1, Fig. 3～Fig. 6)
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2008-36706 communique
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
As the laser aid of above-mentioned that kind, generally use YAG laser aid (yag laser device).Problem points under the situation of using this YAG laser aid, forming the fracture beginning portion of metal member made describes.Under the situation of using the YAG laser aid, generally must regularly replace and be used for the flash lamp of excitation laser, the operation costs that spend thus increase.In addition, in case the YAG laser aid breaks down, common maintaining personnel can't tackle, and therefore, worry causes in the time of can be along with laser fault stops line for a long time.The long like this line that stops also can bring out the line that stops in the back operation thereafter, causes whole production line to stop line, thereby the production schedule is produced very big confusion.
In addition, consider that the metal member made forms through forging or sintering according to its manufacturing approach.And; When enumerating connecting rod as an example of metal member made; Then no matter be connecting rod that forms through forging or the connecting rod that forms through sintering, under the situation that is formed with the fracture beginning portion that only constitutes on the connecting rod by V-shaped valley, common problem below will producing.
Particularly; When through forge or connecting rod that either party of sintering forms in all pass through to broach (broach) be processed to form under the situation of V-shaped valley; At its broaching tool than under the news; The R of the trench bottom of V-shaped valley diminishes, and under the situation that makes the fracture of connecting rod tip portion through axle (mandrel), can access the plane of disruption in the allowed band.Yet, because of using under the worn out situation for a long time, have following situation at broaching tool:, therefore, under situation about the expansion of connecting rod tip portion being opened, can't obtain the uniform plane of disruption through axle because the R of the trench bottom of V-shaped valley becomes big.In addition, using worn out broaching tool fluting to process under the situation of V-shaped valley, it is big that the tensile force during connecting rod cracking becomes, and correspondingly also needs the power of connecting rod cracking device, thereby violated requirements of saving energy.
In addition; Through expand via axle open big end make as fracture beginning portion only machining go out V-shaped valley, through the situation of forging the connecting rod cracking that forms under; Because the strength of materials of connecting rod rough forging is high; Therefore, the distortion of the crank hole the during fracture possibility of distortion permissible value that surpasses the product defined of each fracture increases.In the plane of disruption that produces through such breaking step of breaking, dimple (dimple) (the academic term that in fractography, uses, the disorganize of band ductile failure characteristic) may formed on the plane of disruption.
Usually, in the back operation of connecting rod cracking operation, slot part is removed, do not removed in the clean scope but said dimple can remain in through bore hole processing through bore hole processing.The connecting rod cracking face generation plastic deformation and producing when connecting rod cracking of such dimple, if limpingly residual the connecting rod cracking face of dimple like this is fitted to each other, then the stress of this part uprises, and becomes problem in the final products stage.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that forms the fracture beginning portion of the metal member made that can after fracture, obtain the stable plane of disruption with low cost.
Be used to solve the means of problem
In order to solve above-mentioned problem, the fracture beginning portion formation method of the metal member made of technical scheme 1 of the present invention is characterised in that to have: the 1st step forms slot part through what be machined in the metal member made with fracture beginning portion corresponding part; And the 2nd step, the part at the end of said slot part is spaced from each other predetermined space ground and forms a plurality of recesses.
According to the fracture beginning portion formation method of the metal member made of technical scheme 1 of the present invention, can solve and use the YAG laser aid to form the problem that produces under the situation of fracture beginning portion of metal member made.The high operation costs that periodic replacement caused of the flash lamp that particularly, need not use because of laser excitation.In addition, also can avoid because of maintaining personnel when the YAG laser aid breaks down can't tackle cause stop line for a long time.Thus, can produce the fracture product according to the production schedule that is predetermined.
In addition, can solve problem under the situation of the fracture beginning portion that forms the metal member made that only constitutes on the metal member made that constitutes by forge piece by slot part.Particularly, the appearance of the dimple of that kind that can prevent when making following such metal member made fracture, to be produced, said metal member made forms and is formed with the fracture beginning portion that only is made up of slot part through forging.Thus, when the plane of disruption with post-rift metal member made cooperates each other again, the local zone that raises of stress can not occur, thereby can access the final products of stay in grade.
In addition, the fracture beginning portion formation method of the metal member made of technical scheme 2 of the present invention is characterised in that: in the fracture beginning portion formation method of technical scheme 1 described metal member made, in said the 1st step, be processed to form said slot part through broaching.
In addition, according to the fracture beginning portion formation method of the metal member made of technical scheme 2 of the present invention, can solve and utilize broaching processing to form the problem under the situation of slot part of fracture beginning portion of metal member made.Particularly; Even the metal member made forms through any method in forging or the sintering; When after using worn out broaching tool to form slot part, fracture taking place, be formed with recess, therefore can access the stable plane of disruption owing to separate predetermined space ground in the bottom of slot part.
In addition; The fracture beginning portion formation method of the metal member made of technical scheme 3 of the present invention is characterised in that: in the fracture beginning portion formation method of technical scheme 1 or technical scheme 2 described metal member mades; In said the 1st step, utilize sawtooth to form said slot part.
In addition, according to the fracture beginning portion formation method of the metal member made of technical scheme 3 of the present invention, can solve and utilize sawtooth to form the problem under the situation of slot part of fracture beginning portion of metal member made.Particularly; Even the metal member made forms through any method in forging or the sintering; When after using worn out zigzag to become slot part, fracture taking place, be formed with recess, therefore can access the stable plane of disruption owing to separate predetermined space ground in the bottom of slot part.
In addition; The fracture beginning portion formation method of the metal member made of technical scheme 4 of the present invention is characterised in that: in the fracture beginning portion formation method of any described metal member made in technical scheme 1 to technical scheme 3, the shape of the peristome of said recess be the circle or ellipse in any.
Even the peristome of recess is any shape in circle or the ellipse, form recess as long as separate predetermined space ground in the bottom of slot part, just can give full play to effect of the present invention.
In addition; The fracture beginning portion formation method of the metal member made of technical scheme 5 of the present invention is characterised in that: in the fracture beginning portion formation method of any described metal member made in technical scheme 1 to technical scheme 3; The shape of the peristome of said recess is 2 (n+1) limit shape (n is a positive integer), and the orientation on opposed a pair of summit of the side is consistent with the bearing of trend of said slot part.
Have such shape through the peristome that makes recess, the fracture of metal member made begins from a side's of peristome opposed a pair of summit, and expands along the bearing of trend of slot part, therefore, can form the uniform plane of disruption that does not have deviation.
In addition; The fracture beginning portion formation method of the metal member made of technical scheme 6 of the present invention is characterised in that: in the fracture beginning portion formation method of any described metal member made in technical scheme 1 to technical scheme 5; When the spacing of establishing said recess is p; If the length of the length direction of the peristome of said recess is dm, when establishing the overlap rate and be Rt=(p-dm)/p, overlap rate Rt is big and less than 1 than 0.
Fracture beginning portion formation method according to the metal member made of technical scheme 6 of the present invention; Through overlap rate Rt near 1; Near the slot part both ends, form each recess respectively; Near 0, recess forms through overlap rate Rt: do not connect mutually and the state of slight separation forms a plurality of recesses side by side with the length direction end of the peristome of recess.Even for so any situation, or form recess in the bottom of slot part, also can bring into play effect of the present invention with the various arranging situations of the arranging situation of the recess between wherein etc.
In addition, the manufacturing approach according to the connecting rod of technical scheme 7 of the present invention is characterized in that the manufacturing approach of said connecting rod has: the 1st step, and said metal member made is made up of connecting rod, prepares to form the connecting rod of fracture beginning portion; The 2nd step is used the fracture beginning portion formation method of any described metal member made in said technical scheme 1 to the technical scheme 6, on the opposed position of the inner peripheral surface of the big end of said connecting rod, forms fracture beginning portion; And the 3rd step, Yojimbo expands the inner peripheral surface that is formed with fracture beginning portion of the big end of said connecting rod to be opened, and makes connecting rod cracking thus.
According to the manufacturing approach of said connecting rod, and compared in the past, can have the connecting rod of the even plane of disruption with very little impact energy manufacturing, and can in the energy-conservation requirement of response, obtain high-quality connecting rod.
The invention effect
According to the present invention, a kind of method that forms the fracture beginning portion of the metal member made that can after fracture, obtain the stable plane of disruption with low cost can be provided.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereogram of big end of connecting rod of using the fracture beginning portion formation method of metal member made of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the local stereogram that amplifies the fracture beginning portion that connecting rod shown in Figure 1 is shown.
Fig. 3 is the stereogram from the big end of the connecting rod shown in the direction different with Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the amplification stereogram that the fracture beginning portion of connecting rod shown in Figure 3 is shown in the scope of whole length direction.
Fig. 5 is the stereogram of the 1st variation of part fracture beginning portion that connecting rod shown in Figure 1 is shown.
Fig. 6 is the stereogram of the 2nd variation of part fracture beginning portion that connecting rod shown in Figure 1 is shown.
Fig. 7 is the side view of connecting rod cracking device that the fracture beginning portion formation method of the metal member made of using an embodiment of the invention is shown.
Fig. 8 is the copy that the plane of disruption of the comparative example in the 1st evaluation test of the present invention has been carried out the microphotograph of photography.
Fig. 9 is the copy that the plane of disruption of the present embodiment in the 1st evaluation test of the present invention has been carried out the microphotograph of photography.
Figure 10 be when having used Charpy impact machine tester to rupture among comparative example and the present embodiment A～C that is illustrated in the 2nd evaluation test of the present invention absorption can performance plot.
Figure 11 is the performance plot of relation of overlap rate and pendulum impact value that the 3rd evaluation test result's of the present invention comparative example is shown.
The specific embodiment
Below, describe based on the fracture beginning portion formation method of accompanying drawing the related metal member made of an embodiment of the invention.The fracture beginning portion formation method of the metal member made that an embodiment of the invention are related is, at the inner peripheral surface of the big end of the connecting rod of the automobile that is made up of forge piece, on the mutual opposed position along thickness direction, form the method for fracture beginning portion.
The fracture beginning portion formation method of the metal member made that this embodiment is related has: the 1st step, with form slot part as the corresponding part of the fracture beginning portion of the connecting rod of metal member made; With the 2nd step, the part at the end of slot part is spaced from each other predetermined space ground and forms a plurality of recesses.
And, in the 1st step of this embodiment, broaching tool is arranged at the broaching processing unit (plant), and forms V-shaped valley through broaching processing in the mutual opposed position of the inner peripheral surface of connecting rod tip portion.And, utilize slot part that broaching tool forms also can as after be the groove of U word groove or semicircle shape and replace V-shaped valley stating.
In addition, in the 2nd step, prepare the cutter that recess forms usefulness, use the part of this cutter to be spaced from each other predetermined space ground and form a plurality of recesses at the end of V-shaped valley.
Below, the particular content of these steps is described with effect in more detail.Fig. 1 is the stereogram of big end sections of connecting rod of using the fracture beginning portion formation method of metal member made involved in the present invention.In addition, Fig. 2 is the local stereogram that amplifies the fracture beginning portion that connecting rod shown in Figure 1 is shown.In addition, Fig. 3 is the stereogram from the big end of the connecting rod shown in the direction different with Fig. 1.In addition, Fig. 4 is the amplification stereogram that the fracture beginning portion of connecting rod shown in Figure 3 is shown in the scope of the whole length direction of slot part.
In the 1st step, the inner peripheral surface 10a in the big end 10 of the conduct of connecting rod 1 fracture beginning portion forms along its thickness (depth) direction V-shaped valley 11 opposite one another.At this moment; If for example establishing, the internal diameter of the big end 10 of connecting rod 1 is 50mm; If the length of the thickness direction of big end internal perisporium is 20mm; Then the inner peripheral surface 10a of this connecting rod tip portion 10 along diametric(al) on the mutual opposed position, begin to spread all over from an end opening portion of connecting rod tip portion 10 and form V-shaped valley 11 to other end peristome ground.At this, the degree of depth of V-shaped valley 11 is 1mm as an example, and opening angle is 60 degree.And, the broaching tool of use broaching machine when forming this V-shaped valley 11.
And; The R of the bottom of V-shaped valley 11 changes according to the usage degree of broaching tool, under situation for the broaching tool after just changing, and R=0.2mm; The broaching tool that wearing and tearing have to a certain degree taken place through considerable time after use changing forms under the situation of V-shaped valley 11, about R=0.4mm.
Then; In the 2nd step; Prepare the cutter that recess forms usefulness; Use the part of this cutter at the end of V-shaped valley 11 to separate predetermined space ground and form a plurality of recesses 12, the peristome of said a plurality of recesses 12 forms rhombus, and its length direction consistent with the bearing of trend of V-shaped valley 11 (with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 4).As an example of the recess size of this situation, the size of peristome does, length direction is 0.36mm, and width (short hand direction) is 0.24mm, and the degree of depth is 0.2mm, is spaced apart 0.45mm between recess.
The fracture beginning portion of the connecting rod 1 through forming above-mentioned that kind; Can avoid as in the past, using the YAG laser aid to form as the shortcoming under the situation of the fracture beginning portion of the connecting rod of one of metal member made; That is the high operation costs that periodic replacement caused of the flash lamp of, using because of laser excitation.In addition, in the time of also can avoiding breaking down because of the YAG laser aid maintaining personnel can't tackle cause stop line for a long time.Thus, can produce the fracture product according to the production schedule that is predetermined.
In addition, according to the fracture beginning portion formation method of the related metal member made of this embodiment, can solve and utilize broaching to process the problem under the situation of the fracture beginning portion that forms the connecting rod that only constitutes by V-shaped valley 11.Particularly; Even connecting rod forms through any method in forging or the sintering; When after using worn out broaching tool to form V-shaped valley 11, fracture taking place,, therefore can access the stable plane of disruption owing to be formed with recess 12 by predetermined space in the bottom of V-shaped valley 11.This means, if use broaching tool to form slot part, then can irrespectively obtain the uniform plane of disruption with the terminal degree of wear of broaching tool, is that the groove of U word groove or semicircle shape replaces V-shaped valley even make slot part, and the present invention also can bring into play identical effect.
At this; In the fracture beginning portion formation method of above-mentioned metal member made involved in the present invention, when the spacing of establishing recess is p, the length of length direction of establishing the peristome of recess is dm; When if the overlap rate is Rt=(p-dm)/p, then overlap rate Rt than 0 big and less than 1.Near 1, near the slot part both ends, form each recess through overlap rate Rt respectively, near 0, recess forms through overlap rate Rt: do not connect mutually and the state that separates slightly forms a plurality of recesses side by side with the length direction end of the peristome of recess.For so any situation,, also can bring into play effect of the present invention even perhaps form recess in the bottom of V-shaped valley with the various arranging situations of the arranging situation of the recess between wherein etc.
And, show overlap rate Rt in the above-described embodiment near 0 situation.Thus, recess 12 does not connect with the length direction end of its peristome and the state that separates slightly forms side by side mutually.
In addition; In the above-described embodiment; The peristome of recess 13 that is formed at the bottom of V-shaped valley has diamond shape, but also can be following enforcement state: for example as shown in Figure 5, a plurality of recesses 13 are formed at the bottom of V-shaped valley 11 with separating predetermined space; The peristome of said a plurality of recess 13 has elliptical shape; And the long axis of ellipse direction is consistent with the bearing of trend of V-shaped valley, can also that kind as shown in Figure 6: the mode that recess 14 separates predetermined space with the bottom at V-shaped valley is formed at the bottom of V-shaped valley 11, and the peristome of said recess 14 only is circular.
And for these recesses, the present inventor is to comprising that recess is rhombus, ellipse, circular all situations, the preferred sizes relation is studied as follows so for the purpose of the present invention, and records and narrates as follows.
As the scope of recess size, preferred following size range.At first, for the size range of the length direction of recessed openings portion,, when establishing the total length that L is a groove (form that comprises other all grooves such as V groove, U groove), be preferably the size relationship of 0＜dm＜L/2 when establishing the length of length direction that dm is the peristome of recess.Secondly, for the size range of the width of recessed openings portion,, be preferably the size relationship of 0＜ds≤dm when establishing the length of width that ds is the peristome of recess, establish dm when being the length of length direction of peristome of recess.Secondly, for the scope of cup depth, be preferably the size relationship of 0＜(cup depth)≤1mm.
Then, the connecting rod cracking device is described based on accompanying drawing following, said connecting rod cracking device is used to make tensile stress act on the two ends of connecting rod and the connecting rod cracking face that obtains forming from the fracture beginning portion of connecting rod the uniform plane of disruption.
As shown in Figure 7; Connecting rod cracking device 2 comprises: the 1st support unit 101 and the 2nd support component 102; It is equipped on to carry with the mode that can move along direction away from each other and puts on the base 100 of connecting rod 1, and the big end 10 of connecting rod 1 is flatly supported with bar portion; With the clamshell type axle 103 that is made up of two axles, half 103a of, 103b, it vertically is arranged at these support units 101,102, and its each outer peripheral face the contacted inner surfaces ground connection with the peristome of connecting rod tip portion is chimeric respectively.
And, also comprise: chock 105, the surface that itself and each axle half 103a of, the opposed end face of 103b connect forms the conical surface respectively, and makes each axle half 103a of, 103b deviate from expansion equably; Actuator 106, it is to chock 105 imposed loads; And not shown control module, it applies breaking load and makes peristome moment fracture after actuator 106 being applied supercharging load and making each axle half 103a of, 103b and connecting rod peristome inner surface butt via chock 105.
The following connecting rod cracking method of having used connecting rod cracking device 2 like this with said structure.At first, through spring with axle 103 to the opposed facing direction application of force, make axle shrink opening with the big end that gets into connecting rod.Then; Till being pressed into the terminal tapering of chock 105 to chock and axle 103a, 103b and connecting; Under this state, temporarily stop, making 106 pairs of chocks 105 of brake apply dynamic loading via above-mentioned control module, the above-mentioned fracture beginning portion to connecting rod applies expansionary force and makes it the moment fracture thus.And, with above-mentioned axle 103 to the opposed facing direction application of force when shrinking axle, also can use actuators such as oil hydraulic cylinder or cylinder to replace spring.
Thus, can know according to following evaluation test result, can be to make connecting rod cracking more than the little energy to fracture of the needed energy to fracture of connecting rod cracking in the past and with mode with uniform plane of disruption.
Embodiment
The evaluation test of the validity of the present invention of having carried out below proving that above-mentioned embodiment is related, therefore the result to this evaluation test describes.And, in this evaluation test, carried out from these three kinds of evaluation tests of the 1st evaluation test to the 3 evaluation tests.
At first, the common test film that uses from the 1st evaluation test to the 3 evaluation tests is described.Adopted test film at this test film that from the 1st evaluation test to the 3 evaluation tests, uses based on the JIS specification.The specification number of this moment is " JIS Z 2242 ", and the specification title is " the pendulum impact test method of metal material ".And the size of the test film that uses in an embodiment is as JIS, but the size of slot part is different with the size of JIS regulation.
At first the 1st evaluation test is described.In the 1st evaluation test,, on test film, formed the beginning portion that breaks apart through the fracture beginning portion formation method in the past of using the YAG laser aid as comparative example.Another invention as the present embodiment in the 1st evaluation test, is based on fracture beginning of the present invention portion formation method and on test film, has formed the beginning portion that breaks apart.And, try to make the test film fracture of these comparative examples and present embodiment practically, and its plane of disruption observed and made an appraisal.
Particularly, in comparative example, use the YAG laser aid of peak-peak output 4.5KW, with the laser radiation of excitation pulse 200Hz to test film.Thus, formed the test film that is formed with following recess continuously: the Center Gap of adjacent recesses is 0.16mm, concave depth 0.6mm.
In addition; In the present embodiment; Bottom in broaching processing (machining) above-mentioned embodiment is that the opening angle (the formed angle in opposed inclined-plane of V-shaped valley) of R=0.2mm, V-shaped valley is the such V-shaped valleys of 60 degree, making as test film, and; The test film conduct test film relevant that will have following fracture beginning portion with present embodiment; The cutter that said fracture beginning portion uses recess to form usefulness in the bottom of the V-shaped valley of this connecting rod separates predetermined space ground and is formed with recess, and the opening shape of said recess is an ellipse, and the length direction of said recess is consistent with the bearing of trend of V-shaped valley.And as the test film relevant with present embodiment, make the size of the peristome of recess be: length direction is 0.27mm, and width is 0.19mm, and the degree of depth is 0.2mm, and between the recess is 0.34mm at interval.
At this, Fig. 8 is the microphotograph that is illustrated in the tissue of the plane of disruption when utilizing Charpy impact machine tester that the formed test film with fracture beginning portion of the comparative example of the 1st evaluation test is ruptured.In addition, Fig. 9 is the microphotograph that is illustrated in the tissue when utilizing Charpy impact machine tester that the formed test film with fracture beginning portion of the present embodiment of the 1st evaluation test is ruptured.The organization chart that the plane of disruption is shown according to these both sides can be known, also can access and the equal stable plane of disruption of comparative example through present embodiment.
In addition; Fracture beginning portion formation method through metal member made of the present invention; Tissue by the plane of disruption of Fig. 9 can be known; Can prevent under the situation of the fracture beginning portion that is formed with the metal member made that only constitutes on the metal member made that constitutes by forge piece by V-shaped valley, that is, make only be formed with the fracture beginning portion that constitutes by V-shaped valley, the appearance of the dimple of that kind of generation when forging the metal member made fracture that forms.Thus, can confirm: using under the situation of the present invention, when cooperating again between with the plane of disruption of post-rift metal member made, the local zone that raises of stress can not occur, thereby obtaining the final products of stay in grade.
Next, the 2nd evaluation test is described.In the 2nd evaluation test, will only be formed with the comparative example of the test film of V-shaped valley through broaching processing as the 2nd evaluation test.At this, the present embodiment of the 2nd evaluation test is made up of these three embodiment of present embodiment A, present embodiment B and present embodiment C.Particularly, with three present embodiments of following test film: utilizing broaching to be processed to form V-shaped valley on the test film that forms through forging, and utilizing recess to form cutter to separate predetermined space ground and be formed with recess in the bottom of this V-shaped valley as the 2nd evaluation test.
And, for the size of the V-shaped valley relevant with embodiment, make the bottom be two kinds of R=0.2mm and R=0.4mm, and to make the opening angle (the formed angle in opposed inclined-plane of V-shaped valley) of V-shaped valley be 60 to spend with these comparative examples of the 2nd evaluation test.
In addition, for the size of the recess in the present embodiment, embodiment A is to separate predetermined space ground formation peristome to have round-shaped recess.And the size of the peristome of recess does, diameter is 0.19mm, and the degree of depth is 0.2mm, is spaced apart 0.24mm between recess.
In addition, Embodiment B is to separate predetermined space ground formation opening shape to be oval and its long axis direction recess consistent with the bearing of trend of V-shaped valley.And the size of the peristome of recess does, major diameter is 0.21mm, and the minor axis diameter is 0.19mm, and the degree of depth is 0.2mm, is spaced apart 0.265mm between recess.
In addition, Embodiment C is to separate predetermined space ground formation opening shape to be oval and its long axis direction recess consistent with the bearing of trend of V-shaped valley.And the size of the peristome of recess does, major diameter is 0.27mm, and the minor axis diameter is 0.19mm, and the degree of depth is 0.2mm, is spaced apart 0.34mm between recess.
And, when the fracture of the test film of the comparative example that makes the 2nd evaluation test via Charpy impact machine tester and embodiment A～C, measured with the big or small corresponding absorption of the R of the bottom of V-shaped valley can, and carried out pictorialization.And; The bottom that makes V-shaped valley is that the situation of R=0.2mm has been to use and is in the formed V-shaped valley of broaching tool of just changing the state that the back not have to wear and tear; The V-shaped valley of R=0.4mm has been to use the formed V-shaped valley of the broaching tool of following state: after changing broaching tool, make the state of corner wear through long-time the use.
Figure 10 be when having used Charpy impact machine tester to rupture in comparative example and the present embodiment that illustrates in an embodiment of the present invention absorption can performance plot.In the present embodiment, establishing embodiment A is to form circular concave shape (diameter 0.19mm), and establishing Embodiment B is to form oval-shaped concave shape (major diameter 0.21mm), and establishing Embodiment C is to form oval-shaped concave shape (major diameter 0.27mm).In addition, establish the radius that R is the end of V groove (point of a knife (nose) R).
And the transverse axis of Figure 10 is represented pendulum impact value different of each embodiment and comparative example, begins to illustrate successively the experimental result of embodiment A, Embodiment B and Embodiment C comparative example X, the present embodiment from the left side.In addition, the longitudinal axis is with the kJ/m of unit
2The pendulum impact value SP1 that representes these comparative examples and each embodiment.And, the impact value (the block diagram part of black among the figure) in each embodiment and the comparative example left side separately impact value as R=0.2mm is illustrated, the impact value (the block diagram part of white among the figure) on separately the right side impact value as R=0.4mm is illustrated.
Can know according to Figure 10: in comparative example, the mean value of the pendulum impact value under the situation of the degree of wear bottom radii R=0.2mm little, V-shaped valley of broaching tool is 156kJ/m
2, relative therewith, under the situation of the degree of wear bottom radii R=0.4mm big, the V groove of broaching tool, the mean value of pendulum impact value is 235kJ/m
2, both pendulum impact values are quite big, and the difference under the situation of the situation of R=0.2mm and R=0.4mm is also quite big.
On the other hand, can know under the situation of present embodiment A: the mean value of the pendulum impact value under the situation of the degree of wear of broaching tool radius R=0.2mm little, V slot part bottom is 89kJ/m
2, the mean value of the pendulum impact value under the situation of the degree of wear of broaching tool radius R=0.4mm big, the V-shaped valley bottom is 115kJ/m
2, the both compares with comparative example, the pendulum impact value is very little, and before the broaching tool end fray with wearing and tearing after the difference of pendulum impact value also little.
On the other hand, can know under the situation of Embodiment B: the mean value of the pendulum impact value under the situation of the degree of wear of broaching tool radius R=0.2mm little, V slot part bottom is 83kJ/m
2, the mean value of the pendulum impact value under the situation of the degree of wear of broaching tool radius R=0.4mm big, V-shaped valley portion bottom is 89kJ/m
2, the both compares with comparative example, the pendulum impact value is very little, and before the broaching tool end fray with wearing and tearing after the difference of pendulum impact value also little.
On the other hand, can know under the situation of Embodiment C: the mean value of the pendulum impact value under the situation of the degree of wear of broaching tool radius R=0.2mm little, V slot part bottom is 71kJ/m
2, the mean value of the pendulum impact value under the situation of the degree of wear of broaching tool radius R=0.4mm big, the V-shaped valley bottom is 80kJ/m
2, the both compares with comparative example, the pendulum impact value is very little, and before the broaching tool end fray with wearing and tearing after the difference of pendulum impact value also little.
As knowing from Figure 10 that the 2nd evaluation test result is shown; For the 2nd comparative example; With regard to present embodiment A～C with fracture beginning portion that end at broaching tool do not have to form under the situation of wearing and tearing; In the result of pendulum impact test, when fracture, do not absorb so big energy ground fracture has taken place.
On the other hand, also can know: taken place under the state of wearing and tearing to form for the comparative example of V-shaped valley through broaching processing with regard to the end at broaching tool, that the energy during the pendulum impact test cleaved becomes is quite big.
That is, in comparative example, can know: with the terminal degree of wear of the broaching tool in the broaching processing accordingly, the impact energy that absorbs during the test film fracture is big, thus, make fracture test film plane of disruption distortion and stay crooked.On the other hand; About present embodiment; Evaluation test result according to Figure 10 can know; Not not new and not have the situation of wearing and tearing to think just, even taken place under the situation of wearing and tearing, when the test film that utilizes Charpy impact machine tester to make to have fracture beginning portion ruptures long-term the use at the broaching tool end; Both sides are all ruptured with roughly the same less big impact energy, and said fracture beginning portion has and uses said broaching tool and become the V-shaped valley that breaks apart beginning portion and be formed at a plurality of recesses of the bottom of this groove.
That is, can know:, can solve and utilize broaching to process the problem under the situation of the fracture beginning portion that forms the metal member made that only constitutes by V-shaped valley according to the fracture beginning portion formation method of metal member made of the present invention.Particularly can know; Even the metal member made forms through any method in forging or the sintering; After using worn out broaching tool to form V-shaped valley, take place under the situation of fracture, be formed with recess, therefore can access the stable plane of disruption owing to separate predetermined space ground in the bottom of V-shaped valley.
Next, the 3rd evaluation test is described.In the 3rd evaluation test; Use the sawtooth (free-cutting saw) of that kind that TOHKEMY 2008-36706 communique for example put down in writing to make two comparative examples (comparative example P, comparative example Q), and energy needed is measured when in these two comparative examples, rupturing through the pendulum testing machine.Particularly, as comparative example P, the diameter that the direct formation degree of depth is 0.2mm, peristome on above-mentioned test film is the recess of the circle of 0.19mm, and does not form V-shaped valley.At this moment,, four different spacings are set, obtain the overlap rate suitable, and measured each pendulum impact value with each spacing about the spacing between recess.On the other hand, as comparative example Q, be formed with following four kinds of situation: the recess that peristome has elliptical shape is separated predetermined space with four different spacings.In this case, making the major diameter of the peristome of recess is 0.27mm, and making the minor axis diameter is 0.19mm.And, about the spacing between recess, be uniformly set four different spacings with comparative example P, obtain the overlap rate suitable, and measure each pendulum impact value with each spacing.
Figure 11 shows needed absorption ability when the test film fracture that makes these comparative examples and present embodiment through the pendulum testing machine.The transverse axis of Figure 11 is represented overlap rate Rt, and the longitudinal axis is with the kJ/m of unit
2Expression pendulum impact value SP2.And, the oval-shaped recessed row of the tetragonal diagram of black (plot) expression, the diagram of black diamonds is represented circular recessed row.And, as the supplementary notes among Figure 11, make that elliptic cross-section is recessed classifies major diameter 0.27mm/ minor axis diameter 0.19mm as, and make it corresponding with above-mentioned comparative example Q.In addition, make that circular cross-section is recessed classifies diameter 0.19mm as, and make it corresponding with above-mentioned comparative example P.And, in Figure 11, the V groove is not set, having formed only has the fracture beginning of recessed row portion.
Can know according to this figure: for the test film in the 3rd evaluation test, make the sizableness of its needed pendulum impact value that ruptures big, reached about 5 times of pendulum impact value in the present embodiment of the 2nd evaluation test.The fact according to this evaluation test is considered: in the test film of the comparative example of the 3rd evaluation test, obtain two planes of disruption in order to use the pendulum impact value identical with the present embodiment of the 2nd evaluation test, need make concave depth darker more than 5 times than present situation.And can know; Since in fact at the sword that circumferentially is formed with a plurality of sawtooth, therefore, when utilizing sawtooth to form dark like this recess; At least any end of sawtooth can fracture immediately; Can't form fracture beginning portion by the metal member made that recess constituted of the even degree of depth, consequently, even after making its fracture, also can't obtain the uniform plane of disruption.That is, can know that the fracture beginning portion formation method through the such metal member made of the comparative example in the 3rd evaluation test extremely is difficult to obtain the uniform plane of disruption identical with the present invention.
And,, also can replace broaching machine and form slot part through edm though when carrying out the machining of above-mentioned V-shaped valley, used broaching machine.
And, in the above-described embodiment, in the 1st step, formed the slot part of V word shape.In addition, slot part that will opposed formation on the inner peripheral surface of connecting rod tip portion has been set the V-shaped valley of opening angle 60 degree for.But, being not limited thereto, opening angle is not the obtuse angle, just can select for example any opening angles such as 90 degree, 45 degree or other angles according to the viewpoint on the mechanics of materials.
In addition, the shape of slot part is not particularly limited, also can be U word shape slot part or semicircle shape slot part and replace the slot part of V word shape.
And; The present invention is illustrated about the fracture beginning portion formation method of the connecting rod of automobile; But fracture beginning of the present invention portion formation method is not limited to the connecting rod of automobile; Also can be widely used in following so for example bearing or split the such parts of partition: on a part, have through hole, apply tensile stress and make the portion of splitting to be slit into two parts from specific breaking portion, make this plane of disruption of splitting portion again butt use.
Label declaration
1: connecting rod;
2: the connecting rod cracking device;
10: big end;
10a: inner peripheral surface;
11:V word groove;
12,13,14: recess;
100: base;
101: the 1 support units;
102: the 2 support units;
103: axle;
103a, 103b: axle half one;
105: chock;
106: actuator.
Claims (7)
1. the fracture beginning portion formation method of a metal member made is characterized in that,
The fracture beginning portion formation method of said metal member made has:
The 1st step forms slot part through what be machined in the metal member made with fracture beginning portion corresponding part; And
The 2nd step, the part at the end of said slot part is spaced from each other predetermined space ground and forms a plurality of recesses.
2. the fracture beginning portion formation method of metal member made according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
In said the 1st step, be processed to form said slot part through broaching.
3. the fracture beginning portion formation method of metal member made according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
In said the 1st step, utilize sawtooth to form said slot part.
4. according to the fracture beginning portion formation method of any described metal member made in claim 1 to the claim 3, it is characterized in that,
The shape of the peristome of said recess be the circle or ellipse in any.
5. according to the fracture beginning portion formation method of any described metal member made in claim 1 to the claim 3, it is characterized in that,
The shape of the peristome of said recess is 2 (n+1) limit shape (n is a positive integer), and the orientation on opposed a pair of summit of the side is consistent with the bearing of trend of said slot part.
6. according to the fracture beginning portion formation method of any described metal member made in claim 1 to the claim 5, it is characterized in that,
When the spacing of establishing said recess is p, the length of length direction of establishing the peristome of said recess is dm, and when establishing the overlap rate and be Rt=(p-dm)/p, overlap rate Rt is big and less than 1 than 0.
7. the manufacturing approach of a connecting rod is characterized in that,
The manufacturing approach of said connecting rod has:
The 1st step, said metal member made is made up of connecting rod, prepares not form the connecting rod of fracture beginning portion;
The 2nd step is used the fracture beginning portion formation method of any described metal member made in said claim 1 to the claim 6, on the opposed position of the inner peripheral surface of the big end of said connecting rod, forms fracture beginning portion; And
The 3rd step, Yojimbo is opened the inner peripheral surface expansion that is formed with fracture beginning portion of the big end of said connecting rod, makes connecting rod cracking thus.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009147861A JP5340822B2 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2009-06-22 | Method for forming fracture start portion of metal part |
| JP2009-147861 | 2009-06-22 | ||
| PCT/JP2010/060487 WO2010150753A1 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2010-06-21 | Method for forming breakage start section of metallic part |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102427911A true CN102427911A (en) | 2012-04-25 |
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| CN2010800215272A Pending CN102427911A (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2010-06-21 | Method for forming breakage start section of metallic part |
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| JP (1) | JP5340822B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101775168B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102427911A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010150753A1 (en) |
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| JP2012142229A (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2012-07-26 | Yazaki Corp | Switch device |
| JP2014142004A (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2014-08-07 | Univ Of Hyogo | Method of processing aluminum alloy die cast split-type connecting rod |
| JP6145301B2 (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2017-06-07 | 株式会社安永 | Method and apparatus for forming fracture start portion of connecting rod |
| JP7233042B2 (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2023-03-06 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | Carbon-metal composite compact and method for producing the same |
| JP6958340B2 (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2021-11-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Manufacturing method of connecting rod and connecting rod |
| JP2020085208A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | 株式会社安永 | Breaking method for metallic component and breaking method for connecting rod |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2010150753A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
| KR101775168B1 (en) | 2017-09-05 |
| JP2011000692A (en) | 2011-01-06 |
| KR20120034589A (en) | 2012-04-12 |
| JP5340822B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 |
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