CN102421189A - Physical-layer-based method and device for realizing indoor positioning of wireless network - Google Patents
Physical-layer-based method and device for realizing indoor positioning of wireless network Download PDFInfo
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- CN102421189A CN102421189A CN2011103732173A CN201110373217A CN102421189A CN 102421189 A CN102421189 A CN 102421189A CN 2011103732173 A CN2011103732173 A CN 2011103732173A CN 201110373217 A CN201110373217 A CN 201110373217A CN 102421189 A CN102421189 A CN 102421189A
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a physical-layer-based method and device for realizing indoor positioning of a wireless network. The method comprises the steps of: acquiring the channel state information of a plurality of subcarriers of a target node based on an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) platform of a physical layer; calculating signal intensity according to the channel state information of the plurality of subcarriers; optimizing a propagation path loss model of an indoor environment according to the signal intensity; calculating the distance between each sending party and each receiving party according to the optimized propagation path loss model; and positioning the target node according to the signal intensity and the distances. In the embodiment of the invention, under the condition that an indoor environment multipath effect is ubiquitous, the precise channel state information is utilized to calculate the signal intensity in the wireless local area network so as to further realize the indoor positioning, the frequency diversity of the channel state information is utilized to reduce multipath attenuation and reduce the influences of the indoor environment multipath effect and frequency selective attenuation, and thus, the position information of the target node can be calculated more precisely and the positioning precision is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology field, relate in particular to a kind of implementation method and device thereof of the wireless network indoor positioning based on physical layer.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of the communication technology and wireless network, people grow with each passing day to the demand of wireless indoor location.For the various services based on locating information are provided to the user, indoor positioning more and more receives people's attention as a focus of Study of location.(Wireless Local Area Networks is that a kind of novel information of widespread deployment obtains platform WLAN) to WLAN, and as in a technology that realizes indoor positioning, the characteristic of its high density, low cost especially possesses competitiveness.Yet because the complexity of indoor environment, the indoor positioning technology faces significant challenge.How to eliminate this influence, become problem thereby improve the indoor positioning performance of WLAN.
Existing most of wireless indoor location technology is the position calculation of carrying out impact point according to the relation that receives signal strength signal intensity and distance in the radiofrequency signal propagation loss model under the open environment.As general radio receiver technical indicator, (Received Signal Strength Indication, RSSI) value is a measured value to reception end-fire frequency signal strength signal intensity, the watt level of indication receiving terminal antenna in the intensity indication of reception signal.The big more representation signal of RSSI value is strong more, on the contrary then signal more a little less than.Theoretically, radiofrequency signal is propagated along independent straight line los path from the emission source to the receiving terminal, and along with distance increases, receiving end signal intensity can corresponding weakening.Yet in the indoor environment of reality complicacy, often there are various barriers (ceiling, floor and wall etc.) between emission source and the receiving terminal, make signal propagate usually said multipath effect that Here it is along the path of different non-rectilinear (perhaps reflection).Under this effect, the radiofrequency signal overlapped or counteracting at receiving terminal along various different reflection paths are propagated makes that receiving signal strength signal intensity no longer satisfies the signal propagation losses model.In other words, can produce the inaccurate influence in location by receiving signal strength signal intensity according to the method that the radiofrequency signal propagation model calculates distance between emission source and the receiving terminal.Therefore, utilize the strength indicator value's (RSSI value) that receives signal to go signal calculated intensity and unreliable.
Existing following based on the wireless network location technology that receives signal strength signal intensity indication (RSSI) value: RADAR is first indoor locating system that proposes acknowledge(ment) signal intensity indication (RSSI) value of employing wireless LAN.It has been disposed 802.11 network adapter of a standard and has measured the radio signal strength in a plurality of base stations, adopts the experimental data of the signal strength measurement of KNN algorithm process off-line phase access point.In addition, it takes into account wall decay factor (WAF) and ground decay factor (FAF) makes up a signal propagation model, and the RADAR precision is 3 meters; Horus applied probability algorithm is confirmed the target location, and has high accuracy (0.6 meter).Another kind is to have designed online periodic measurement RSSI value to slow down the dysgenic indoor locating system that multipath fading and physical environment change.This system possesses adaptability to environmental fluctuating, and keeps position error in 3 meters.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, the invention provides a kind of implementation method and device thereof of the wireless network indoor positioning based on physical layer, can reduce the influence of indoor environment multipath effectively, improve locating accuracy and reduce cost.
In order to address the above problem, the present invention proposes a kind of implementation method of the wireless network indoor positioning based on physical layer, said method comprises:
Obtain the channel condition information of a plurality of subcarriers of destination node based on the OFDM platform of physical layer;
Channel condition information signal calculated intensity according to said a plurality of subcarriers;
Propagation path loss model according to said signal strength optimization indoor environment;
According to each transmit leg of propagation path loss Model Calculation after optimizing and recipient's distance;
According to said signal strength signal intensity and said distance said destination node is positioned.
Preferably, the step of said channel condition information signal calculated intensity according to said a plurality of subcarriers comprises:
Sub-carrier channels state information after invert fast fourier transformation through OFDM is optimized and obtains to optimize to said channel condition information;
According to the sub-carrier channels state information signal calculated intensity after the said optimization.
The step of the sub-carrier channels state information after preferably, said invert fast fourier transformation through OFDM is optimized and obtains to optimize to said channel condition information comprises:
The channel condition information of a plurality of subcarriers on the frequency domain is carried out invert fast fourier transformation to obtain the channel response on the time domain;
The multipath signal of distinguishing from time domain is carried out Filtering Processing and obtains the straight line sighting distance of said multipath signal;
According to the sub-carrier channels state information after the straight line sighting distance acquisition optimization of said channel response and said multipath signal.
Preferably, the step of said propagation path loss model according to said signal strength optimization indoor environment comprises:
Obtain sub-carrier channels state information and the corresponding relation between the distance after the said optimization;
Be optimized according to the propagation path loss model of said corresponding relation indoor environment.
Preferably, saidly to the step that said destination node positions be: through three-point positioning method said destination node is positioned according to said signal strength signal intensity and said distance according to said signal strength signal intensity and said distance.
Preferably, the quantity of the channel condition information of said a plurality of subcarriers is 30.
Preferably, the mode of said channel condition information signal calculated intensity according to said a plurality of subcarriers is the frequency diversity signal calculated intensity through the channel condition information of said a plurality of subcarriers.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of implement device of the wireless network indoor positioning based on physical layer, and said device comprises:
Acquisition module is used for obtaining based on the OFDM platform of physical layer the channel condition information of a plurality of subcarriers of destination node;
Signal strength signal intensity is calculated module, the channel condition information signal calculated intensity of a plurality of subcarriers that are used for obtaining according to said acquisition module;
Optimal module is used for calculating according to said signal strength signal intensity the propagation path loss model of the signal strength optimization indoor environment that module calculates;
Distance calculation module, each transmit leg of propagation path loss Model Calculation after being used for optimizing and recipient's distance according to said optimal module;
Locating module is used for according to signal strength signal intensity and said distance calculation module institute calculated distance that said signal strength signal intensity calculating module is calculated said destination node being positioned.
Preferably, the sub-carrier channels state information after said signal strength signal intensity is calculated module and also is used for invert fast fourier transformation through OFDM said channel condition information is optimized and obtains to optimize; And according to the sub-carrier channels state information signal calculated intensity after the said optimization.
Preferably, said locating module is used for said destination node being positioned through three-point positioning method according to said signal strength signal intensity and said distance.
In embodiments of the present invention; Under the ubiquitous situation of indoor environment multipath effect; Utilize in WLAN accurately that channel condition information calculates signal strength signal intensity and then carries out indoor positioning, utilize the frequency diversity of channel condition information to reduce multipath fading, reduce the influence of typical indoor environment multipath effect and frequency selective attenuation; Can calculate destination node location information more accurately, improve positioning accuracy.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art; To do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the sub-carrier channels status information transmission sketch map of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of location of the present invention implementation procedure;
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet based on the implementation method of the wireless network indoor positioning of physical layer of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the multifarious sketch map of the sub-carrier channels state information of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the elimination time domain multipath effect sketch map in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is that the structure of the intelligent gateway of the embodiment of the invention is formed sketch map;
Fig. 7 is the sketch map of the collection sub-carrier channels state information of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is that the structure based on the implement device of the wireless network indoor positioning of physical layer of the embodiment of the invention is formed sketch map.
Embodiment
To combine the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention below, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is carried out clear, intactly description, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills are not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the present invention's protection.
Realization principle in the face of the embodiment of the invention describes in detail down.Present most of WLAN adopts IEEE 802.11a/g/n standard so that wireless communication services to be provided.These standards are based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexi (the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing of physical layer; OFDM); Its main thought is: at transmit leg a channel quadrature is decomposed into several meticulousr positive jiao zi channels; Be also referred to as subcarrier, convert high-speed data signal to parallel low speed sub data flow, be modulated at the enterprising row transmission of each number of sub-carrier.This make can the recipient obtain simultaneously the experimental process carrier wave channel condition information (Channel State Information, CSI), as shown in Figure 1.CSI is the channel condition information of the expression communication link characteristic of channel.CSI describes and has reflected the spread state of radiofrequency signal from the emission source to the receiving terminal, like scattering, reflection and decay etc.Channel condition information on the subcarrier can reflect the size of signal strength signal intensity on each different frequency.Be different from and traditional obtain the mean value of each frequency signal intensity, in embodiments of the present invention, can get access to more meticulous signal strength signal intensity indication from a bag.
Concrete realization principle of the present invention mainly is: at first; Cause the inaccurate reason of reception signal strength signal intensity indication (RSSI) value from wireless network physical layer labor; Be included in the reflection loss and the multipath effect of signal under the complicated indoor environment, thereby further seek more accurately channel information to evaluate and test signal strength signal intensity again; Secondly,, improve the propagation path loss model of indoor environment based on the meticulousr channel condition information signal calculated intensity of physical layer, and according to the Model Calculation distance.Location of the present invention implementation procedure can be referring to Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet based on the implementation method of the wireless network indoor positioning of physical layer of the embodiment of the invention, and as shown in Figure 3, this method comprises:
S301 obtains the channel condition information of a plurality of subcarriers of destination node based on the OFDM platform of physical layer;
S302 is according to the channel condition information signal calculated intensity of a plurality of subcarriers;
S303 is according to the propagation path loss model of signal strength optimization indoor environment;
S304 is according to each transmit leg of propagation path loss Model Calculation after optimizing and recipient's distance;
S305 positions destination node according to signal strength signal intensity and distance.
Further, S302 comprises:
Sub-carrier channels state information after invert fast fourier transformation through OFDM is optimized and obtains channel condition information to optimize; According to the sub-carrier channels state information signal calculated intensity after optimizing.
In the practical implementation, the step of the sub-carrier channels state information after the invert fast fourier transformation through OFDM is optimized and obtains channel condition information to optimize comprises:
The channel condition information of a plurality of subcarriers on the frequency domain is carried out invert fast fourier transformation to obtain the channel response on the time domain; The multipath signal of distinguishing from time domain is carried out Filtering Processing and obtains the straight line sighting distance of multipath signal; According to the sub-carrier channels state information after the straight line sighting distance acquisition optimization of channel response and multipath signal.
Fig. 4 shows the multifarious sketch map of the sub-carrier channels state information of the embodiment of the invention; The diversity of Fig. 4 descriptor carrier channel information; The amplitude of each sub-carrier channels state information is different; The received power that is reflected as different sub carrier among the figure is different, can utilize the frequency diversity to reduce decay (Small-scale fading) on a small scale.In the practical implementation, can be through the amplitude of each number of sub-carrier be given frequency as weights, calculate weighted average square, promptly obtain received power.Below in conjunction with Fig. 4 the S302 of this method is further specified.
In the transmission course of ofdm system packet, signal directly outputs in the decoder through the demodulation meeting and is for further processing.Through revising system kernel, utilizes commercial cheaply wireless network card to obtain the channel condition information of each number of sub-carrier after the demodulation, thereby calculate the signal strength signal intensity of correspondence.To the frequency diversity of carrier signal state information,, the invert fast fourier transformation (IFFT) of OFDM combine corresponding filtering method in handling to obtain more effective sub-carrier channels state information (Effective CSI).Detailed process is following: inverse-Fourier transform is carried out through the channel condition information (channel response) with experimental process carrier wave on the frequency domain in (1), thereby obtains the channel response on the time domain; (2) because 802.11 channel width broad, thereby can distinguish the part multipath signal, through Filtering Processing, can reduce the influence of multipath effect, thereby improve locating accuracy from time domain.Elimination time domain multipath effect sketch map in the embodiment of the invention is as shown in Figure 5.In typical indoor environment, because the ubiquity of multipath effect, receive the signal combination of straight line sighting distance and multipath reflection often.In theory, when the bandwidth ratio coherence bandwidth is big, thereby these reflections can be eliminated and obtain the straight line sighting distance.802.11n bandwidth satisfy this qualification requirement, thereby can reach the effect of eliminating multi-path influence.
In the practical implementation, S303 further comprises:
Obtain sub-carrier channels state information and the corresponding relation between the distance after the optimization; Be optimized according to the propagation path loss model of corresponding relation indoor environment.
With the channel condition information after the optimization process as input; Algorithm according to design carries out training process to environmental coefficient under the varying environment and path loss coefficient; Further obtain channel condition information and the corresponding relation between the distance after the optimization, thereby improve the signal propagation path loss model under the indoor environment.Because environmental coefficient and path loss coefficient are consistent under specific environment, only need carry out one time training process to different indoor environments, and utilize different distances to carry out multiple authentication repeatedly, to guarantee to improve the correctness of back model.In addition, to the online completion of training process of environmental coefficient and path loss coefficient, the training time of expection can be limited in an acceptable time sheet.Therefore, need to build experiment porch respectively to varying environment, algorithm for design is constantly measured and is handled path loss parameter, and signal propagation model is revised in real time.
In the practical implementation, S305 is: destination node is positioned through three-point positioning method according to signal strength signal intensity and distance.
Relation and the brand-new WLAN indoor locating system of revised wireless signal propagation model design based on effective channel condition information and distance.This navigation system is made up of two parts: the recipient that transmit leg that a plurality of WAPs are formed and destination node to be positioned are formed.At transmit leg, the wireless access positional information of naming a person for a particular job sends to destination node from the mode of network layer through transmission signals.The extensive existence of WAP can obtain the positional information of a plurality of wireless network access points quickly and easily.The recipient, can obtain the channel condition information of subcarrier from physical layer, calculate the distance of each transmit leg respectively according to the signal propagation path loss model after improving, and adopt simple and effective three-point fox method that destination node is positioned to the recipient.As shown in Figure 6, among Fig. 6 the coordinate of three transmit legs of hypothesis be respectively A (x1, y1), B (x2; Y2), C (x3, y3), recipient O coordinate to be positioned is O (x; Y); Known this o'clock, the distance to three transmit leg coordinate points was respectively d1, d2, d3, and then available trilateration is calculated the coordinate that O is ordered, and promptly obtains recipient's positional information.
In practical implementation, the recipient can be equipped with the 802.11n wireless network card, can obtain the channel condition information of 30 number of sub-carrier simultaneously.
In embodiments of the present invention; Under the ubiquitous situation of indoor environment multipath effect; Utilize in WLAN accurately that channel condition information calculates signal strength signal intensity and then carries out indoor positioning, utilize the frequency diversity of channel condition information to reduce multipath fading, reduce the influence of typical indoor environment multipath effect and frequency selective attenuation; Can calculate destination node location information more accurately, improve positioning accuracy.
In addition, Fig. 7 shows the sketch map of the collection sub-carrier channels state information of the embodiment of the invention, and is as shown in Figure 7; Rely on this hardware of wireless network card; The network interface card of retouching operation system drives, and can collect channel condition information, and through API channel condition information offered the user.
Fig. 8 is that the structure based on the implement device of the wireless network indoor positioning of physical layer of the embodiment of the invention is formed sketch map, and as shown in Figure 8, this device comprises:
Signal strength signal intensity is calculated module 81, the channel condition information signal calculated intensity of a plurality of subcarriers that are used for being obtained according to acquisition module 80;
Locating module 84 is used for according to signal strength signal intensity and 83 calculated distance of distance calculation module that signal strength signal intensity calculating module 81 is calculated destination node being positioned.
Further, the sub-carrier channels state information after signal strength signal intensity is calculated module 81 and also is used for invert fast fourier transformation through OFDM and channel condition information is optimized and obtains optimize; And according to the sub-carrier channels state information signal calculated intensity after optimizing.
Further, locating module 84 is used for destination node being positioned through three-point positioning method according to signal strength signal intensity and distance.
Can describe referring to the respective process among the embodiment of the implementation method of the wireless network indoor positioning based on physical layer of the present invention based on the implementation procedure of each functions of modules of the implement device of the wireless network indoor positioning of physical layer and principle among apparatus of the present invention embodiment repeated no more here.
In apparatus of the present invention embodiment; Under the ubiquitous situation of indoor environment multipath effect; Utilize in WLAN accurately that channel condition information calculates signal strength signal intensity and then carries out indoor positioning, utilize the frequency diversity of channel condition information to reduce multipath fading, reduce the influence of typical indoor environment multipath effect and frequency selective attenuation; Can calculate destination node location information more accurately, improve positioning accuracy.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step in the whole bag of tricks of the foregoing description is to instruct relevant hardware to accomplish through program; This program can be stored in the computer-readable recording medium; Storage medium can comprise: read-only memory (ROM; Read Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or CD etc.
In addition; More than carried out detailed introduction to the embodiment of the invention provides based on the implementation method and the device thereof of the wireless network indoor positioning of physical layer; Used concrete example among this paper principle of the present invention and execution mode are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, the part that on embodiment and range of application, all can change, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. implementation method based on the wireless network indoor positioning of physical layer is characterized in that said method comprises:
Obtain the channel condition information of a plurality of subcarriers of destination node based on the OFDM platform of physical layer;
Channel condition information signal calculated intensity according to said a plurality of subcarriers;
Propagation path loss model according to said signal strength optimization indoor environment;
According to each transmit leg of propagation path loss Model Calculation after optimizing and recipient's distance;
According to said signal strength signal intensity and said distance said destination node is positioned.
2. the implementation method of the wireless network indoor positioning based on physical layer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of said channel condition information signal calculated intensity according to said a plurality of subcarriers comprises:
Sub-carrier channels state information after invert fast fourier transformation through OFDM is optimized and obtains to optimize to said channel condition information;
According to the sub-carrier channels state information signal calculated intensity after the said optimization.
3. the implementation method of the wireless network indoor positioning based on physical layer as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that the step of the sub-carrier channels state information after said invert fast fourier transformation through OFDM is optimized and obtains to optimize to said channel condition information comprises:
The channel condition information of a plurality of subcarriers on the frequency domain is carried out invert fast fourier transformation to obtain the channel response on the time domain;
The multipath signal of distinguishing from time domain is carried out Filtering Processing and obtains the straight line sighting distance of said multipath signal;
According to the sub-carrier channels state information after the straight line sighting distance acquisition optimization of said channel response and said multipath signal.
4. the implementation method of the wireless network indoor positioning based on physical layer as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the step of said propagation path loss model according to said signal strength optimization indoor environment comprises:
Obtain sub-carrier channels state information and the corresponding relation between the distance after the said optimization;
Be optimized according to the propagation path loss model of said corresponding relation indoor environment.
5. the implementation method of the wireless network indoor positioning based on physical layer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, saidly according to said signal strength signal intensity and said distance to the step that said destination node positions is:
Said destination node is positioned through three-point positioning method according to said signal strength signal intensity and said distance.
6. the implementation method of the wireless network indoor positioning based on physical layer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the quantity of the channel condition information of said a plurality of subcarriers is 30.
7. according to claim 1 or claim 2 implementation method based on the wireless network indoor positioning of physical layer; It is characterized in that the mode of said channel condition information signal calculated intensity according to said a plurality of subcarriers is the frequency diversity signal calculated intensity through the channel condition information of said a plurality of subcarriers.
8. implement device based on the wireless network indoor positioning of physical layer is characterized in that said device comprises:
Acquisition module is used for obtaining based on the OFDM platform of physical layer the channel condition information of a plurality of subcarriers of destination node;
Signal strength signal intensity is calculated module, the channel condition information signal calculated intensity of a plurality of subcarriers that are used for obtaining according to said acquisition module;
Optimal module is used for calculating according to said signal strength signal intensity the propagation path loss model of the signal strength optimization indoor environment that module calculates;
Distance calculation module, each transmit leg of propagation path loss Model Calculation after being used for optimizing and recipient's distance according to said optimal module;
Locating module is used for according to signal strength signal intensity and said distance calculation module institute calculated distance that said signal strength signal intensity calculating module is calculated said destination node being positioned.
9. the implement device of the wireless network indoor positioning based on physical layer as claimed in claim 8; It is characterized in that the sub-carrier channels state information after said signal strength signal intensity is calculated module and also is used for invert fast fourier transformation through OFDM said channel condition information is optimized and obtains to optimize; And according to the sub-carrier channels state information signal calculated intensity after the said optimization.
10. the implement device of the wireless network indoor positioning based on physical layer as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that said locating module is used for said destination node being positioned through three-point positioning method according to said signal strength signal intensity and said distance.
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