CN102417424B - 中药材板蓝根专用生物有机肥料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
中药材板蓝根专用生物有机肥料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102417424B CN102417424B CN2011102430123A CN201110243012A CN102417424B CN 102417424 B CN102417424 B CN 102417424B CN 2011102430123 A CN2011102430123 A CN 2011102430123A CN 201110243012 A CN201110243012 A CN 201110243012A CN 102417424 B CN102417424 B CN 102417424B
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- fat
- root
- indigowoad
- dregs
- organic fertilizer
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 241000334160 Isatis Species 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000007842 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000008962 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000582 Semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound 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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明涉及一种中药材板蓝根专用的生物有机肥料及其制备方法。所述肥料由食用菌菌渣15～30份、油渣10～25份、烟渣20～35份、大姜植株10～35份、草炭土5～15份、微生物菌剂1～3份经分批投料发酵腐熟制备而成，使所发明的肥料在养分配比和时段养分供应两方面符合板蓝根吸收要求，养分含量高，可有效增加板蓝根产量，改善产品品质，并可使板蓝根生产达到无公害或绿色标准。
Description
中药材板蓝根专用生物有机肥料及其制备方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种中药材板蓝根专用的生物有机肥料及其制备方法，属于有机肥料生产技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 板蓝根为十字花科草本植物，是传统的名贵中草药材。根、叶均可入药，根入药称“板蓝根”，叶入药称“大青叶”。目前板蓝根的需求量很大，据市场调查，我国板蓝根年需要量约为400万千克，种植前景广阔。板蓝根抗寒、耐旱，抗性强，适应性广，在我国南北各地均有种植，特别是近几年，其用量增大，经济效益大幅度提高，种植面积迅速扩大。
[0003] 现有的资料表明，所有的板蓝根高产栽培技术都要求施用有机肥，实际生产中也的确如此。CN101218872A(CN200810007066.8)公开了一种板蓝根的栽培方法，包括(I)整地；(2)育苗；(3)田间管理；(4)采收与加工。利用该发明的栽培方法，可以提高板蓝根的品质。该文件中提到每亩施腐熟的堆肥或厩肥1500〜2000千克。
[0004]目前我国由于农业机 械化水平的提高以及受场地、劳动力等限制，农户自己堆制的有机肥(农家肥)越来越少，远远不能满足板蓝根生产需要。我国的商品有机肥生产原料复杂，种类繁多，这对板蓝根优质生产存在多种问题:首先，某些有机肥中含有有害成分，如以污水处理厂生化污泥、城市生活垃圾为主要原料生产的有机肥可能含有过量的重金属，以动物粪便为主要原料生产的有机肥含有某些有害的饲料添加剂。其次，养分含量不适应高产、优质需要，一是养分含量低，二是养分之间配比不合理。再者，由于发酵腐熟方法主要采用常规的方法，其养分供应可能造成板蓝根生长前期养分缺乏或后期脱肥，影响产量。
发明内容
[0005] 针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种中药材板蓝根专用生物有机肥及其制备方法。还提供该肥料的应用方法。
[0006] 发明概述
[0007] 本发明根据板蓝根养分吸收特性，利用不同的有机物及其所含各种养分的特点进行合理配置，并通过分批投料的发酵腐熟方法，使所发明的肥料在养分配比和时段养分供应两方面基本符合板蓝根吸收要求，养分含量高，可有效增加板蓝根产量，改善产品品质，并可使板蓝根生产达到无公害或绿色标准。
[0008] 发明详述
[0009] 板蓝根专用生物有机肥料，原料质量份如下:
[0010] 食用菌菌渣 15〜30份，
[0011] 油渣 10〜25份，
[0012] 烟渣 20〜35份，
[0013] 大姜植株 10〜35份，
[0014] 草炭土 5〜15份，[0015] 微生物菌剂 1〜3份。
[0016] 所述的食用菌菌渣是食用菌生产中废弃的栽培料，主要成分为棉籽壳、作物秸杆、锯末、食用菌菌丝体。
[0017] 所述的油渣是植物种子进行压榨后过滤油脂时剩余的残渣，包括豆油油渣、花生油油渣、棉籽油油渣或油菜籽油油渣，不同油渣可组合使用，也可单独选用其中之一。
[0018] 所述的烟渣是卷烟生产过程中废弃的烟叶残渣，有机质含量50-60wt%。
[0019] 所述微生物菌剂是EM复合菌剂。
[0020] 所述的大姜植株是指大姜的地上茎叶部分。
[0021] 所述的草炭土是沼泽植物的残体，在古代低温、多水的嫌气条件下，植物残体缓慢分解而形成的特殊有机物，含有大量水分和未被彻底分解的植物残体、腐殖质以及一部分矿物质。市场有售。
[0022] 所述微生物菌剂是EM复合菌剂(EM是EfTectiveMicroorganesms的简称),它是将光合菌群、酵母菌群、乳酸菌群、放线菌群、菌根菌群等5科10属80多种微生物在同一状态中复合培养成的一种定型菌剂。呈棕色半透明状液体，PH值在3.5〜4.5之间。市场有售。[0023] 根据本发明，优选的技术方案如下:
[0024] 板蓝根专用生物有机肥料，原料质量份如下:
[0025] 食用菌菌渣 18〜22份，
[0026] 油洛 14〜16份，
[0027] 烟渣 23〜27份，
[0028] 大姜植株 28〜32份，
[0029] 草炭土 7〜9份，
[0030] 微生物菌剂 1.8〜2.2份。
[0031] 本发明的板蓝根专用生物有机肥的制备方法，步骤如下:
[0032] (1)将大姜植株粉碎至长度I厘米以下，备用。
[0033] (2)按配比，取食用菌菌渣的二分之一、油渣的二分之一、烟渣的二分之一、大姜植株的二分之一、微生物菌剂全部，混合均匀。调整混合料的水分为60〜65wt%，堆制发酵腐熟，温度升至50°C以上时计时，保持5〜8天。翻堆，温度再次升至50°C以上时计时，保持4〜6天。取剩余量的食用菌菌渣加入到上述发酵过的混合物料中，调整水分为55〜60wt%，发酵5〜7天。将剩余量的油渣、烟渣、大姜植株和草炭土加入，调整水分为50〜55wt%，继续发酵8〜12天，中间翻堆I〜2次。得发酵料。
[0034] (3)将所得发酵料晾干或烘干至水分含量小于20wt%，即得。
[0035] 本发明板蓝根专用生物有机肥料的应用，施肥方法是，在板蓝根播种前将所述肥料均匀撒施于地面后翻耕入土。该肥料每亩用量500〜800公斤。
[0036] 本发明的优良效果如下:
[0037] 1、疏松土壤，为板蓝根膨大提供通气和减少阻力。
[0038] 板蓝根的主要产品是地下块根，它的生长膨大需要疏松的土壤条件，以便有充足的空气和较小的阻力。本发明肥料中的原料食用菌菌渣和油渣均为小颗粒状材料，对土壤具有明显的疏松作用。[0039] 2.减少虫害
[0040] 本发明专用生物有机肥中的烟渣对地下害虫有抑制作用，能够减少害虫对板蓝根块根的危害，提闻广品质量
[0041] 3.养分供应合理
[0042] 本发明板蓝根专用生物有机肥料采用对有机肥原料进行分批投料方式，使最终产品中养分处于不同的分解状态，增加了养分供应时间，减少了板蓝根生长期间的脱肥现象。
[0043] 4.肥料洁净无污染
[0044] 本发明肥料的原料均选用无污染的有机物，有利于板蓝根的安全生产。
具体实施方式
[0045] 下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明，但不限于此。实施例中的原料用量份数均为质量份，所有的百分比均为质量百分比。实施例中的原料均可市购:
[0046] 油渣，山东光大日月股份有限公司生产油脂时的副产品；
[0047] 烟渣，河南中烟工业公司生产过程中废弃的烟叶废渣，有机质含量53.21% ；
[0048] 草炭土，佳庆草炭开发有限公司生产，有机质含量64% ；
[0049] 微生物发酵菌剂是EM复合菌剂，江西省天意生物技术开发有限公司生产。
[0050] 实施例1:板蓝根 专用生物有机肥料，原料组分如下:
[0051] 食用菌菌渣 20kg，
[0052] 豆油油渣 15kg，
[0053]烟渣 25kg，
[0054] 大姜植株 30kg,
[0055]草炭土 8kg,
[0056] 微生物菌剂EM复合菌剂 2kg。
[0057] 制备方法:
[0058] 将大姜植株粉碎至长度I厘米以下，备用。取食用菌菌渣10kg、豆油油渣7.5kg、烟渣12.5kg、大姜植株15kg、微生物菌剂EM复合菌剂2kg，混合均匀。调整混合料的水分为60wt%，堆制发酵，堆温升至50°C以上时计时，保持7天。翻堆，温度再次升至50°C以上时计时，保持5天。取剩余的食用菌菌渣IOkg加入上述发酵过的混合物料中，调整水分为55wt%,再发酵5天。最后将剩余的豆油油洛7.5kg、烟洛12.5kg、大姜植株15kg和草炭土8kg加入，调整水分为50wt%，继续发酵6天，翻堆后再发酵5天。得发酵料。将发酵料晾干至水分含量小于20wt%，得产品
[0059] 实施例2:板蓝根专用生物有机肥料，原料组分如下:
[0060] 食用菌菌渣 30kg，
[0061] 花生油油洛 10kg,
[0062]烟渣 35kg，
[0063] 大姜植株 19kg,
[0064]草炭土 5kg,
[0065] 微生物菌剂 1kg。
[0066] 制备方法同实施例1。[0067] 实施例3:板蓝根专用生物有机肥料，原料组分如下:
[0068] 食用菌菌渣 15kg，
[0069] 油菜籽油油渣 20kg，
[0070]烟渣 30kg，
[0071] 大姜植株 22kg，
[0072]草炭土 11.5kg,
[0073] 微生物菌剂EM复合菌剂1.5kg。
[0074] 制备方法:
[0075] 将大姜植株粉碎至 长度I厘米以下，备用。取食用菌菌渣7.5kg、油菜籽油油渣10kg、烟渣15kg、大姜植株11kg、微生物菌剂EM复合菌剂1.5kg，混合均匀。调整混合料的水分为65wt%，堆制发酵，堆温温度升至50°C以上时计时，保持8天。翻堆，温度再次升至50°C以上时计时，保持4天。取剩余的食用菌菌渣7.5kg加入上述发酵过的混合物料中，调整水分为60wt%，再发酵7天。最后将剩余的油菜籽油油渣10kg、烟渣15kg、大姜植株Ilkg和草炭土 11.5kg加入，调整水分为55wt%，继续发酵6天，翻堆后再发酵6天。得发酵料。将发酵料晾干至水分含量小于20wt%，得产品
[0076] 实施例4:板蓝根专用生物有机肥料，原料组分如下:
[0077] 食用菌菌渣 25kg，
[0078] 组合油渣 25kg，
[0079]烟渣 28kg，
[0080] 大姜植株 11kg，
[0081]草炭土 9kg,
[0082] 微生物菌剂 2kg。
[0083] 制备方法同实施例3。
[0084] 对比例:普通有机肥，山东光大肥业科技有限公司生产，有机质含量38.6%，氮、磷、钾总养分4.72%。
[0085] 以上实施例1〜4和对比例的应用效果如下:
[0086] 试验地点:安徽省毫州市，甘肃省民乐县。
[0087] 试验时间:2010年4月至2010年10月。
[0088] 供试品种:板监根品种两地均用松监。
[0089] 实施例1-4和对比例肥料用量相同，每亩700公斤。施肥方法，实施例和对比例肥料均是在春季板蓝根播种前一次性均匀撒施于地面后翻耕。其它管理按常规方法进行。应用效果见表I。
[0090] 表1.与对比例相比实施例1-4的施用效果
[0091]
Claims (4)
1.板蓝根专用生物有机肥料，其特征在于原料质量份如下:食用菌_渣 15〜30份，油渣 10〜25份，烟渣 20〜35份，大姜植株 10〜35份，草炭土 5〜15份，微生物菌剂 I〜3份； 所述的食用菌菌渣是食用菌生产中废弃的栽培料，所述的油渣是植物种子进行压榨后过滤油脂时剩余的残渣；所 述的烟渣是卷烟生产过程中废弃的烟叶残渣，有机质含量50-60wt% ;所述微生物菌剂是EM复合菌剂； 按如下步骤制备: (1)将大姜植株粉碎至长度I厘米以下，备用； (2)按配比，取食用菌菌渣的二分之一、油渣的二分之一、烟渣的二分之一、大姜植株的二分之一、微生物菌剂全部，混合均匀；调整混合料的水分为60〜65wt%，堆制发酵腐熟，温度升至50°C时计时,保持5〜8天；翻堆,温度再次升至50°C时计时,保持4〜6天；取剩余量的食用菌菌渣加入到上述发酵过的混合物料中，调整水分为55〜60wt%，发酵5〜7天；将剩余量的油渣、烟渣、大姜植株和草炭土加入，调整水分为50〜55wt%，继续发酵8〜12天，中间翻堆I〜2次；得发酵料； (3)将所得发酵料晾干或烘干至水分含量小于20wt%，即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的板蓝根专用生物有机肥料，其特征在于原料质量份如下:食用菌菌渣 18〜22份，油淹 14〜16份，烟渣 23〜27份，大姜植株 28〜32份’ 草炭土 7〜9份，微生物菌剂 1.8〜2.2份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的板蓝根专用生物有机肥料，其特征在于所述的油渣是豆油油渣、花生油油渣、棉籽油油渣或油菜籽油油渣之一或组合。
4.权利要求1〜3任一项所述的板蓝根专用生物有机肥料的应用，施肥方法是，在板蓝根播种前将所述肥料均匀撒施于地面后翻耕入土，每亩用量500〜800公斤。
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| CN104761321A (zh) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-08 | 长沙湘肥肥料科技有限公司 | 一种生态全效有机肥及其制备方法 |
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