CN102417254A - Rapid water coagulation treatment method - Google Patents
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- CN102417254A CN102417254A CN2011103181791A CN201110318179A CN102417254A CN 102417254 A CN102417254 A CN 102417254A CN 2011103181791 A CN2011103181791 A CN 2011103181791A CN 201110318179 A CN201110318179 A CN 201110318179A CN 102417254 A CN102417254 A CN 102417254A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid water coagulation treatment method, which comprises a coagulation step and a flocculation step; in the coagulation step, the speed gradient is 200-350 s-1, and the stirring time is 15-30 s; in the flocculation step, the speed gradient is 60-100 s-1, and the stirring time is 20-120 s. The advantages of the invention are that: the invention greatly shortens the time required for coagulation, decreases the using time of equipment, reduces the energy consumption and the volume of a structure required by water treatment, is applicable to water treatment in a high-flow state, saves both cost and time, and has very high engineering value and long-term economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water treatment method, especially relate to the water coagulation treatment process.
Background technology
Coagulation Method is one of important method of handling of the materialization of water, and this method is widely used in in water treatment and the WWT.Coagulation Method has tangible treatment effect to turbidity, SS, colourity, even can remove portion C OD, BOD, TN, TP, pathogenic microorganism, radioactive substance and heavy metal ion.
The tradition coagulation technology is thought; Hydraulics in coagulation process has material impact to coagulation effect; Whole coagulation process can be divided into two stages: mix stages and flocculation stage; The parameter in each stage all comprises stirring velocity and two factors of churning time, and stirring velocity is usually with the velocity gradient g value (s of unit
-1) expression.The mixing parametric of coagulation technology just comprises 4: mix stirring velocity, mix stages churning time, flocculation stage stirring velocity, flocculation stage churning time.
The coagulation theory shows, at mix stages, requires the rapid uniform mixing of coagulating agent and waste water to be beneficial to the quick hydrolysis of coagulating agent, polymerization and particle and takes off surely, requires velocity slope (G value) big for this reason, and experience thinks that the G value is at 700s
-1-1000s
-1In the scope, but that the time does not need is oversize, and churning time is generally 10-30s, is no more than 2min at the most.In the flocculation stage, necessary turbulent-flow conditions and required enough time of flco growth not only will be provided for the contact-impact of flco, will prevent that also the little flco that has generated is broken, so velocity slope should reduce gradually, and to grow the time, experience thinks that average G value is at 10s
-1-70s
-1(be generally 30s
-1-60s
-1) in the scope, average GT is 10
4-10
5, the reaction times is generally 10-30min.
Therefore, more than 10min, this has also just limited coagulation technology application in some cases to the desired churning time of traditional coagulation technology to a certain extent at least.
Traditional coagulation technology there be limited evidence currently of is applied to the processing that gush in the river, is because traditional coagulation technology limitation in time.For example, the velocity of flow of supposing the river is 0.1m/s, and churning time is about 15 minutes, and the section that then need stir is 90m, has tied nearly hundred meters, and the big more river of flow velocity, this distance is also long more.Although thereby traditional coagulation technology has superior treatment effect, its application of gushing aspect the processing in the river almost is impossible.
In giving engineering of water treatment, the water factory of every earth surface water source, coagulation technology almost is one of indispensable treatment technology.Introduce the design time of coagulation basin in the plumbing DM the 3rd (town water supply): dividing plate flocculation basin: 20-30min, folded plate flocculation pond:＞12min, grid flocculation: 10-15min, mechanical flocculation basin: 15-20min
iSuppose certain small-sized day service discharge 7.5 ten thousand m of water factory
3, if adopt reciprocating type dividing plate flocculation basin, the residence time is adopted 20min, the depth of water is established 2.8m, and, then need 1.0 * 10
3m
3Volume, 372m
2Floor space.The flocculation basin of same widths, area are big more, and then length is long more, and then cause the dividing plate number to increase, and the gallery total length increases, and also just means higher head loss.Therefore, flocculation can require bigger floor space, the higher expense of constructing and energy expenditure for a long time.
Except the requirement to churning time, the another one important factor is exactly a velocity slope in the coagulating, and preamble is introduced, and traditional experience thinks that the velocity gradient g of mix stages need be at 700-1000s
-1G=(P/ μ)
1/2, wherein G is a velocity slope, and P is a unit volume fluid institute consumed power, and μ is the kinetic viscosity of water, and visible velocity slope is directly related with the energy consumption of whipping device, and high-intensity stirring also just means high energy consumption.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of at short notice to the treatment process of water coagulation fast that feeds water or sewage is handled and administered; Can reduce the required time in coagulation stage significantly; Reduce the capacity of structures; When practicing thrift the funds of operation and construction, reach certain turbidity removal rate.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of treatment process of water coagulation fast, comprise coagulation step and flocculation step, and in said coagulation step, velocity slope is 200-350s
-1, churning time is 15-30s, in said flocculation step, velocity slope is 60-100s
-1, churning time is 20-120s.
The general employing of coagulation operation stirred (short mix) earlier fast, stirs the hydraulics of (flocculation) then at a slow speed.The purpose that stirs fast is in order to make coagulating agent moment, to be distributed in the water fast, equably, and is inhomogeneous to avoid medicament to disperse, and causes the topical agent excessive concentration, influence coagulating agent self hydrolysis and with the effect of water-borne glue body or impurity particle.Stirring at a slow speed is that the little flocs unit that generates when making quick stirring further becomes to grow up to thick, closely knit flocs unit, to realize solid-liquid separation.Through reducing quick stirring and gradient in the water between the churning time at a slow speed, reach time-saving purpose, under the prerequisite that guarantees basic decontamination effect improving, the saving of realization time and energy consumption equipment etc.
When being used for the river and gushing emergency processing, in the said coagulation step, velocity slope is 200-300s
-1, churning time is 15-30s, in said flocculation step, velocity slope is 60-100s
-1, churning time is 20-30s.Gush emergency processing for the river, the churning time that control is short effectively reduces the requirement to equipment, goes for the requirement of fast processing, when water body is less demanding, realizes the quick reduction of turbidity.In addition, reduction in processing time can effectively be controlled the incidence of pollution substance, reduces the diffusion of polluting.
When being used for to water treatment, in the said coagulation step, velocity slope is 200-350s
-1, churning time is 15-30s, in said flocculation step, velocity slope is 60-100s
-1, churning time is 60-120s.
In said coagulation step, use polymer alumina to be coagulating agent, consumption is with Al
2O
3Count 15mg/L.Treatment effect is better.
Advantage of the present invention is: the coagulation required time is shortened greatly; The duration of service of minimizing equipment; The volume that has reduced energy consumption and carried out the required structures of water treatment; The water body that can be used under the high flow capacity state is handled, and promptly practices thrift cost and can save time again, and very high construction value and long-range economic benefit are arranged.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is to two kinds of parameter turbidity removal rates of water treatment comparison diagram;
Accompanying drawing 2 gushes for the river handles four groups of parameter turbidity removal rate comparison diagrams;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the turbidity removal rate variation diagram of different blended coagulation parameter under different dosages;
Accompanying drawing 4 is turbidity removal effect contrast figure under the 22.90NTU for different coagulants at raw water turbidity;
Accompanying drawing 5 is turbidity removal effect contrast figure under the 15.73NTU for different coagulants at raw water turbidity;
Accompanying drawing 7 is turbidity removal effect contrast figure under the 15.24NTU for different coagulants at raw water turbidity;
Accompanying drawing 8 is turbidity removal effect contrast figure under the 14.65NTU for different coagulants at raw water turbidity;
Accompanying drawing 9 is turbidity removal effect contrast figure under the 13.81NTU for different coagulants at raw water turbidity;
Accompanying drawing 10 is the turbidity removal effect contrast figure of different coagulants under traditional mixing parametric;
Accompanying drawing 11 is the turbidity removal effect contrast figure under the 15mg/L for PAC dosage in the different turbidity water samples of kaolin configuration;
Accompanying drawing 13 is the turbidity removal effect contrast figure under the 15mg/L for PAC dosage in the different turbidity water samples of clay configuration;
Accompanying drawing 14 is the turbidity removal effect contrast figure under the 10mg/L for PAC dosage in the different turbidity water samples of clay configuration;
Accompanying drawing 15 is the turbidity removal rate variation diagram that changes dyeing waste water with dosage;
Accompanying drawing 16 is the chroma removal rate synoptic diagram of dyeing waste water under the different dosages;
Accompanying drawing 17 is the pH value variation diagram that changes dyeing waste water with dosage;
Accompanying drawing 18 is the COD clearance synoptic diagram of dyeing waste water under the different dosages;
Accompanying drawing 19 is the chroma removal rate synoptic diagram for paper waste under the different dosages;
Accompanying drawing 20 is the pH value variation diagram that changes paper waste with dosage;
Accompanying drawing 21 is the turbidity removal rate variation diagram that changes dyeing waste water with dosage;
Accompanying drawing 22 is the COD clearance synoptic diagram of paper waste under the different dosages;
Accompanying drawing 23 is different coagulants chroma removal rate comparison diagram under different coagulation condition;
Accompanying drawing 24 is different coagulants pH value variation diagram under different coagulation condition;
Accompanying drawing 25 is that different coagulants is at the SS of different coagulation condition clearance comparison diagram;
Accompanying drawing 26 is the COD clearance comparison diagram of different coagulants under different coagulation condition.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
A kind of treatment process of water coagulation fast comprises coagulation step and flocculation step, and in said coagulation step, velocity slope is 200-350s
-1, churning time is 15-30s, in said flocculation step, velocity slope is 60-100s
-1, churning time is 20-120s.
When being used for the river and gushing emergency processing, in the said coagulation step, velocity slope is 200-300s
-1, churning time is 15-30s, in said flocculation step, velocity slope is 60-100s
-1, churning time is 20-30s.
When being used for to water treatment, in the said coagulation step, velocity slope is 200-350s
-1, churning time is 15-30s, in said flocculation step, velocity slope is 60-100s
-1, churning time is 60-120s.
In above-mentioned each coagulation step, use polymer alumina to be coagulating agent, consumption is with Al
2O
3Count 15mg/L.
Further specify beneficial effect of the present invention through following experiment at present:
One, experiment equipment
Selecting model for use is the coagulation test stirrer of ZR4-6, manufacturer: profit water and wastewater industry Technology Dev Company Ltd. in the Shenzhen
This stirrer can be provided with speed stirring velocity and churning time through programming device, thereby reaches abundant stirring and the flocculation of flocculation agent in water sample.
Two, sampling method:
The water burst body is chosen a plurality of samplings cross section in the river, on each cross section, chooses two sampling spots, is respectively to mix after choosing the water sample of equal volume apart from 5 meters, bank, carries out index with mixed water sample and detects.
Three, testing index
Adopt GB13200-1991 hydrazonium sulfate standard spectrophotometric method, measure turbidity.
Four, test
1, tentatively confirming mixing parametric, is flocculation agent with the Poly aluminum Chloride (PAC), and dosage is with Al
2O
3Count 10mg/L and 20mg/L and carry out twice test, stir 30 minutes sampling and measuring turbidity of postprecipitation.See table 1 and table 2:
Table 1: the orthogonal experiments during for dosage 10mg/L
Table 2: the orthogonal experiments during dosage 10mg/L
Experimental result:
A, can find out through above two table contrasts, although changed dosage, best coagulation parameter constant: stir fast: 350r/min, stirring: 150r/min at a slow speed, stir the time soon: 20s, stir the time: 120s slowly.
B, draw the influence size order of mixing parametric to clearance through quadrature analysis: stir slowly the time, soon stir the time, soon stir speed, stir speed slowly; And obtained stirring fast: 400r/min according to the best mixing parametric of influence degree ordering; Stir the time soon: 30s; Stir at a slow speed: 200r/min, stir the time: 120s slowly.
C, gush the emergency treatment technology as the river, the requirement of turbidity removal rate does not need too high, so also select the time of stirring slowly short and remove the mixing parametric of efficient higher (more than 80%) within the specific limits, so just can be applied in the middle of the reality.Initial option these several groups coagulation parameters in short-term:
A, soon stir speed: 400r/min, slowly stir speed: 250r/min, stir the time soon: 10s, stir the time slowly: 60s.
B, soon stir speed: 450r/min, slowly stir speed: 100r/min, stir the time soon: 30s, stir the time slowly: 30s.
C, soon stir speed: 400r/min, slowly stir speed: 150r/min, stir the time soon: 30s, stir the time slowly: 20s.
D, the quick stirring: 400r/min, stir at a slow speed: 200r/min, stir the time soon: 30s,, stir the time slowly: 60s.
Wherein d group is to reduce by half time of stirring slowly of the best mixing parametric that draws of pair of orthogonal analysis to obtain.
2, confirm mixing parametric once more
(1) feedwater processing parameter: come observation experiment optimum parameter and what person of quadrature analysis optimum parameter to be optimum parameter through the dosage that changes PAC.
Experimental result: it is more approaching to observe two mixing parametric treatment effects from Fig. 1; And the former is better than the whole removal effect of the latter; So selecting the reorganization parameter is best mixing parametric: 350r/min; Stir at a slow speed: 150r/min, stir the time soon: 20s, stir the time slowly: 120s is promptly as the best mixing parametric of giving water treatment.
(2) what person of mixing parametric is preferable relatively in short-term to come selected in the observation experiment 1 four groups through the dosage that changes PAC.
Selected four groups of rivers are gushed and are handled big gradient coagulation parameter in short-term:
A, soon stir speed: 400r/min, slowly stir speed: 250r/min, stir the time soon: 10s, stir the time slowly: 60s.
B, soon stir speed: 450r/min, slowly stir speed: 100r/min, stir the time soon: 30s, stir the time slowly: 30s.
C, soon stir speed: 400r/min, slowly stir speed: 150r/min, stir the time soon: 30s, stir the time slowly: 20s.
D, the quick stirring: 400r/min, stir at a slow speed: 200r/min, stir the time soon: 30s,, stir the time slowly: 60s.
Experimental result: from Fig. 2, can observe; Shorten along with stirring the time slowly; Clearance decreases; But dosage has all reached about 80% to clearance between the 20mg/L at 10mg/L, has reached preset effect, so we have selected slowly that the time of stirring is that promptly the shortest group of 20s under approaching clearance: stir soon speed: 400r/min, slowly stir speed: 150r/min, stir the time soon: 30s, stir the time slowly: 20s.
(3) parameter such as the table 3 selected:
| Stir speed soon | Slowly stir speed | Stir the time soon | Slowly stir the time | |
| Give water treatment | 350r/min | 150r/min | 20s | 120s |
| River is handled | 400r/min | 150r/min | 30s | 20s |
Five, confirm the big gradient optimal coagulant dose of coagulation in short-term
A, feedwater processing parameter: stir fast: 350r/min, stir at a slow speed: 150r/min, stir the time soon: 20s, stir the time: 120s slowly
Processing parameter is gushed in B, river: stir fast: 400r/min, stir at a slow speed: 150r/min, stir the time soon: 30s,, stir the time slowly: 20s.
C, traditional coagulation parameter:: 300r/min, stir at a slow speed: 100r/min, stir the time soon: 45s, stir the time: 540s slowly.
Experiment conclusion
By knowing among Fig. 2, not only can under the condition of best results, obtain clearance when dosage is 15mg/L is the effect more than 90%, and also can reach clearance in the effect more than 80% under the optimal conditions in short-term.So optimal coagulant dose is made as 15mg/L.
Six, the contrast of several kinds of coagulating agent
1, under the feedwater treatment condition, (stirs fast: 350r/min; Stir at a slow speed: 150r/min; Stir the time soon: 20s; Slowly stir the time: 120s), select four kinds of different coagulating agent: Poly aluminum Chloride (PAC) (PAC), Tai-Ace S 150 (AS), poly-ferric chloride (PFC), bodied ferric sulfate (PFS), measure its clearance along with the dosage clearance changes.
Experimental result:
From Fig. 4,5 and 6, can observe, though raw water turbidity is different, three times experimental result is a basically identical.PAC, PFC, the coagulation effect of three kinds of coagulating agent of PFS under this condition of feedwater processing parameter are very approaching; But PFC is when raw water turbidity is lower; Removal effect is slightly poorer than PAC, PFS; Particularly more obvious under the lower situation of dosage, so comparatively speaking, the big gradient of feedwater that PFC not too is applicable to low turbidity is coagulating treatment in short-term.In addition, the removal effect of AS is along with the increase of dosage increases to some extent, but arriving dosage is crossing 20mg/L (with Al
2O
3Meter) afterwards, removal effect sharply descends, and the purifying water effect of AS is obviously poor than other three kinds of coagulating agent when raw water turbidity is lower, and this explanation is compared AS and is not suitable for to the big gradient of water treatment coagulation technology in short-term with other three kinds of coagulating agent.But more moderate at turbidity, when also not needing too big dosage, four kinds of flocculation agents all are suitable for for big gradient coagulation technology.
2, treatment condition are gushed in the river: stir fast: 400r/min, stir the time soon: and 30s, stir at a slow speed: 200r/min, stir the time: 120s slowly.
By knowing among Fig. 7,8 and 9; Two kinds of molysite and aluminium salt treatment effect under short time condition are more approaching on the whole; And Poly aluminum Chloride (PAC) (PAC) to remove effect down at low dosage be more superior, PAC is common flocculation agent in addition, so the use under big gradient coagulation short time condition that suits.Moreover, can observe Tai-Ace S 150 clearance when dosage strengthens from last figure and reduce clearly, so be not suitable for being used under the more situation of dosage demand.But examining linearity can find out, the removal effect of PAC is not along with the increase of dosage has too big variation, and sometimes even can decrease, and other three kinds of coagulating agent can improve coagulation effect through improving dosage.But before under the institute definite optimal coagulant dose (15mg/L), the big gradient of the optimum flocculation agent of coagulation technology in short-term still is Poly aluminum Chloride (PAC) (PAC).
3, traditional coagulation condition: 300r/min, stir at a slow speed: 100r/min, stir the time soon: 45s,, stir the time slowly: 540s.
As can be seen from Figure 10, under traditional mixing parametric, the coagulation effect of two kinds of molysite is more approaching, this with big gradient in short-term the experimental result of coagulation technology be consistent because its mechanism of action is identical basically.The coagulation effect of PAC under traditional mixing parametric condition do not have too big advantage with respect to other three kinds of coagulating agent, but, turbidity removal rate has also reached more than 85%, and goodish purifying water effect is arranged.Moreover the coagulation effect of Tai-Ace S 150 is along with the increase of dosage also is that rapid downward trend is arranged, this point with big gradient in short-term coagulation technology coincide.AS is when hanging down dosage, and effect and aggretion type mixture are similar, and dose surpasses about 20mg/L, and colloid begins again steady, and turbidity increases on the contrary.It seems that totally 4 kinds of coagulating agent all can almost reach the traditional way level more than 80% even 90% at clearance under the agitation condition of best group.Explain that 4 kinds of medicaments all are applicable to big gradient coagulation mode.
Seven, turbidity is for the influence of big gradient coagulation.
1, the different turbidity water sample coagulation effects of kaolin configuration.
By observing in Figure 11 and 12: when dosage was 15mg/L, big gradient effect was bad, and the river is gushed processing parameter and reached 500 when above at turbidity, and clearance just begins to reach 50%, and the processing parameter that feeds water reaches 500 at turbidity and can reach 90% when above, and effect is pretty good; After dosage doubled, processing parameter was gushed in the river and feedwater processing parameter coagulation effect down obviously improves, and turbidity reaches 40 when above, and the clearance that gush under the processing parameter in the river can reach 80%, reached 90% under the processing parameter that feeds water.It is thus clear that as long as dosage is enough, big gradient method still effectively.But, before do river when experiment, raw water turbidity is all below 20; When dosage was 15mg/L, it is about 80% that the processing parameter clearance is gushed in the clearance river, and the feedwater processing parameter is 85% to 90%; And kaolin is when former water 200NTU is following, and clearance is very low, when 50NTU is following even negative value occurs; Do not meet with river water sample situation, but when dosage was added to 30mg/L, result and river were more approaching.Clearance under the various conditions all is greatly improved but increase to dosage to 30mg/L; Two conditions of wherein big gradient coagulation improve more obvious; But this raising occur in turbidity be in low in being fit to of state, all arrived more than 90% at the suitable clearance of high turbidity, explain that turbidity is not clearly for the influence of big gradient at high turbidity state; In order to prove this guess, the water that disposes different turbidity with clay is again verified.
Can observe simultaneously; When the PAC dosage is 15mg/L; Clearance under tradition mixing parametric clearance under the situation of the low turbidity of water sample is not high yet; This explanation be not big gradient in short-term coagulation technology be not suitable for low turbidity water appearance, and be likely that kaolin can not very typically represent the water sample of different turbidity, so be sought after considering to test once more with clay reprovision water sample.
2. the different turbidity water sample coagulation effects of clay configuration
By knowing among Figure 13; For the lower water sample of turbidity; The turbidity removal effect of big gradient coagulation is not fine, but even the coagulation under the conventional conditions has also reached the turbidity removal rate more than 85% under low turbidity, turbidity clearance influence for big gradient coagulation in low scope is bigger according to a preliminary estimate; For proving once more, reduce dosage and test once more.The PAC dosage is reduced to 10mg/L, promptly like Figure 14.In conjunction with the test-results second time; Turbidity changes smaller to the influence of traditional coagulation condition; Clearance influence for big gradient coagulation condition is bigger, and when the turbidity height arrived to a certain degree, this influence reduced; So in the application of reality, handle through strengthening dosage for low turbidity water appearance.Explanation simultaneously, big gradient coagulation technology in short-term is very suitable for the higher style of turbidity, for river polluted emergency treatment the excellent engineering meaning is arranged, and in giving water treatment, in time is the very high water sample of turbidity simultaneously, also can not add coagulant aids and handle.And raw water turbidity more than reaching 500NTU after, the big gradient coagulation effect of coagulation parameter in short-term almost maintains an equal level with the effect of traditional coagulation parameter mutually, this explanation, in the water treatment process of high turbidity, the use of the former technology be more economical effectively.
Two kinds of water samples that dispose respectively with kaolin and clay, and dilute the water sample that obtains different turbidity.With Poly aluminum Chloride (PAC) (PAC) is flocculation agent; With traditional mixing parametric, river gush processing parameter, feedwater processing parameter three kinds of parameters compare analysis; In order to verify circulation ratio,, these two dosages of 10mg/L and 30mg/L have also been selected except adding the Poly aluminum Chloride (PAC) of optimal coagulant dose (15mg/L).
From Figure 11-14, can find out: the height of turbidity for big gradient in short-term the turbidity removal effect of coagulation technology be influential.When turbidity is lower, the weak effect that the removal effect of two kinds of mixing parametric of big gradient all stirs than tradition, even negative value has appearred.This probably is that self has formed flco because of flocculation agent hydrolysis in low turbidity water appearance, does not have and the combination of water-borne glue body, does not so not only reduce water-borne glue body particle, has also increased the water sample turbidity.But in water sample turbidity increase process gradually, coagulation effect is become better and better, and in high turbidity, removal effect almost is close with traditional coagulation technology.In addition, in the low turbidity water appearance of kaolin configuration, the clearance of traditional coagulation technology is also very low; 80% clearance when not reaching the river processing; Do not have typical representativeness so the water sample of kaolin configuration is described, explain simultaneously when hanging down turbidity, big gradient coagulation technology in short-term remains available; The processing parameter that particularly feeds water, this can find out among the low turbidity water appearance coagulation result through the clay configuration.
In a word; The big gradient turbidity removal effect of coagulation technology in short-term is to receive turbidity influence just to a certain extent; But the river is gushed processing parameter and is generally gushed emergency treatment to the river, and river turbidity at that time is all than higher, thus this suitability to this parameter be do not constitute negative.In addition, even the removal effect of feedwater processing parameter also is to reach about 80% of traditional coagulation technology under the situation of low turbidity,, also can realize through increasing dosage if do not have.Also have a bit be worth proposing is, under the turbidity condition with higher, general more than 500NTU in, the big gradient coagulation effect of coagulation technology in short-term is the effect that can reach the conventional process mode.
Eight, the application of technology of the present invention in trade effluent
The basic procedure of Industrial Wastewater Treatment is: waste water gets into equalizing tank; Get into one-level coagulation reaction tank coagulation then, get into the settling tank flocculation again, then get into the two-stage coagulation reaction tank and further react; Reaction back sewage gets into the second-level settling pond flocculation, on go out clear water and filter the back discharging through filtering basin.
The inventive method mainly is to the one-level coagulation reaction tank, as long as can reach the requirement of one-level coagulation reaction tank using value is just arranged.And in this experiment the water sample of trade effluent all from equalizing tank, so particulate matter natural subsidence and the turbidity removal rate that brings can be less relatively in the water, so experiment gained removal effect is more accurately.
This experiment is mainly chosen two kinds of typical trade effluents and is carried out exploratory development: dyeing waste water and paper waste.Though the characteristic of two types of waste water is different, its seek best big gradient in short-term the method for coagulation technology be that similarly this processing to other trade effluents also enlightens to some extent.
1, orthogonal experiment select mixing parametric.Referring to table 4
2, the treatment effect of two kinds of coagulation condition is relatively seen table 5 and table 6.
The coagulation effect of table 5 dyeing waste water
| Coagulation condition | Turbidity removal rate/% | Chroma removal rate/% | The pH value | COD clearance/% |
| Big gradient technique | 57.38 | 75 | 7.31 | 17.78 |
| Conventional art | 67.60 | 75 | 7.26 | 19.26 |
The coagulation effect of table 6 paper waste
| Coagulation condition | Turbidity removal rate/% | Chroma removal rate/% | The pH value | COD clearance/% |
| Big gradient technique | 85.06 | 75 | 6.95 | 30.58 |
| Conventional art | 86.53 | 75 | 7.00 | 40.91 |
Visible by table 5 and table 6, no matter be dyeing waste water and paper waste, compare with conventional art; Turbidity removal rate under the big gradient technique has reached more than 90% of conventional process mode, and the removal effect of colourity is almost suitable with traditional way, the influence that the pH value also can not be handled; The COD clearance also can reach traditional about 80%; So as the preconditioning technique of two kinds of trade effluents, big gradient coagulation technology in short-term can be suitable for.
3, the optimal coagulant dose of two kinds of waste water
(1) dyeing waste water
A, turbidity removal rate are relatively
Can know by Figure 15, dosage 10 between 30mg/L in, the turbidity removal effect that increases dyeing waste water with dosage is good more; But dosage is when 30mg/L; Be that turbidity removal rate is reaching after 80%, clearance no longer has obvious variation along with dosage, all about 80%.So from turbidity removal rate, even increase dosage, removal effect can significantly not increase yet, so selection 30mg/L is an optimal coagulant dose.
B, chroma removal rate are relatively
Like Figure 16; Handle dosage 10mg/L the time; Chroma removal rate has only 50%; Chroma removal rate can reach 75% under other the dosage, and this explanation need not reach the purpose that improves chroma removal rate through strengthening dosage, so the 30mg/L that confirms through turbidity index is more rational.
C, pH value are relatively
As can beappreciated from fig. 17, along with the variation of dosage, too big variation does not take place in water sample pH value after treatment, all between 7 to 8, for subsequent technique, does not have what influence, and is that a reasonable pH value is interval.So dosage, influences not quite the pH value between the 100mg/L at 10mg/L, so selected before 30mg/L remains best dosage.
D, COD clearance are relatively
COD clearance according to Figure 18 is visible; Best results be that dosage is 30mg/L and 100mg/L two groups; And its effect is more or less the same; So through strengthening dosage the removal effect of its COD not have too big lifting, 30mg/L that dosage is not high is an optimal coagulant dose so searching COD clearance is higher.
(2) paper waste
A, chroma removal rate contrast
Visible from Figure 19, along with the increase of PAC dosage, chroma removal rate raises gradually, but when reaching 70mg/L, clearance no longer includes obvious variation.But chroma removal rate is lower when dosage only reaches 20%.From this index of colourity, dosage is unsuitable too high, because this raising to chroma removal rate does not have too big meaning, can not be too low, and bad to the removal effect of its colourity.
B, the contrast of pH value
By knowing among Figure 20; Variation along with dosage; The pH value does not have too big variation, thus dosage for coagulation after the pH value of water sample do not have too much influence, therefore can not confirm that paper waste is in the gradient PAC optimal coagulation agent of coagulation in short-term greatly through this index.
C, turbidity removal rate contrast
Visible from Figure 21; Along with the increase of dosage, the water sample after the coagulation technology processing in short-term of big gradient, turbidity removal rate all increases gradually; But after dosage reaches 50mg/L; The increasing degree of turbidity removal rate is very little, and this explanation can not improve turbidity removal rate through increasing dosage again, so the dosage of PAC can be set at 50mg/L.
D, the contrast of COD clearance
According to visible among Figure 22; The paper waste of under big gradient coagulation parameter, handling, its COD clearance increase along with the increase of dosage gradually, but after dosage reaches the COD clearance more than 30% during for 50mg/L; Along with dosage increases; Clearance has the trend that reduces, and after dosage reached 50mg/L, it was little to the raising of its COD clearance to continue to increase dosage.Comprehensive two mixing parametric, selection can make the COD clearance reach 30% dosage: 50mg/L.
4, the contrast of several kinds of flocculation agents in the dyeing waste water
(1) chroma removal rate contrast
By visible among Figure 23; PAC, AS, PFS and PFC big gradient in short-term under the coagulation condition chroma removal rate for dyeing waste water can reach the removal effect under traditional coagulation condition; But AS for the removal effect of colourity with respect to PAC, PFS and PFC; Be relatively poor, under conventional conditions or under big gradient condition, be not always the case no matter be.But from coagulation principle aspect, aluminium salt is with respect to molysite, and it removes efficient should be better, because the color of iron ion itself is influential for water quality, but the experiment conclusion of this part is obviously refuted therewith mutually.Through the observation in the experiment, can know that the impurity that contains in the Tai-Ace S 150 (AS) that uses in this experiment is many, so bigger to the influence of its colourity.But, still can obtain such conclusion, AS big gradient in short-term the chroma removal rate under the coagulation technology can reach more than 87%; For pre-treatment; Can directly get into next treatment process, and compare with conventional art, its removal effect also is very good.
(2) pH value
Former water pH value is 7.90, meta-alkalescence a little, and water sample is adding different flocculation agents, and behind two kinds of agitation conditions, the pH value all has certain variation.Referring to Figure 24, in short-term under coagulation condition and the traditional coagulation condition, the pH value of the processing water sample of PAC, AS and PFS is all very approaching in big gradient, but the water sample under two kinds of conditions after the PFC processing just has some difference.In addition, with regard to every kind of flocculation agent, almost having no change through water sample and former water pH value under two kinds of conditions of PAC and PFC coagulation, is more stable, but through the water sample pH value under two kinds of coagulation condition of AS and PFS processing some variations has taken place.But, with regard to entire area, its pH value all is controlled between 7 to 8; For subsequent technique is very favourable; And do not need re-adjustment pH value, from this point, these four kinds of flocculation agents all are applicable to big gradient coagulation technology in short-term; The big in other words gradient technology of mixing is in short-term compared with conventional art, is having no inferior position aspect the adjusting of pH value.
(3) suspended substance (SS) clearance contrast
By knowing among Figure 25; PAC big gradient in short-term the SS clearance under the coagulation technology be identical with coagulation effect under the conventional art condition; The SS clearance of AS and PFC big gradient in short-term under the coagulation condition more traditional coagulation condition weaker, but difference is not very big.And the removal effect of PFS is more better a little than conventional art under big gradient technique.With regard to four kinds of flocculation agents; SS removal effect under two kinds of coagulation condition is close; But the removal effect of PAC, PFS and PFC is obviously good than AS; No matter be in big gradient coagulation condition or under traditional coagulation condition, be not always the case in short-term, so not talkative AS is not suitable for big gradient coagulation, relatively poor effect is that the coagulation mechanism by AS causes.When being dissolved in a large amount of neutrality or subalkaline water, produce colloidal precipitation white lake, Al (OH)
3When the printing and dyeing cloth, alumine hydroxide colloid makes dyestuff be attached on the vegetable fibre more easily.So with respect to other flocculation agent, its chroma removal rate and SS clearance meeting respective differences are a bit.
(4) COD clearance contrast
Visible through the contrast among Figure 26; Two kinds of molysite flocculation agents (PFS and PFC) big gradient in short-term under the agitation condition for poor than under traditional coagulation condition of the removal effect of COD; Wherein the COD clearance of PFS does not all reach 50% under the conventional conditions, so PFS is not too suitable under the coagulation condition in big gradient in short-term.But aluminum salt flocculant (PAC and AS) big gradient in short-term under the agitation condition to the removal effect of COD than better under traditional coagulation condition, wherein the COD clearance of PAC under big gradient almost is the twice under the traditional parameters.So from this index of COD, PAC is with respect to other three kinds of flocculation agents, be most appropriate to big gradient coagulation technology in short-term.
A series of experiment through above can find out, coagulating treatment method of the present invention can be applied in the river and gush and handle and use as handling technology of water supply.In addition, can observe through experiment, treatment process of the present invention has reached percent 80% of traditional coagulation technology on this index of turbidity removal rate; Or even 90%; Shortened simultaneously churning time greatly, when solving some emergency situation fast for example river course, view etc. receive the burst pollution, provided fundamental basis like this; Reduce the capacity of structures simultaneously, the funds of practicing thrift operation and building.
Above-listed detailed description is to the specifying of possible embodiments of the present invention, and this embodiment is not in order to limiting claim of the present invention, and the equivalence that all the present invention of disengaging do is implemented or change, all should be contained in the claim of this case.
Claims (4)
1. a water coagulation treatment process fast comprises coagulation step and flocculation step, and it is characterized in that: in said coagulation step, velocity slope is 200-350s
-1, churning time is 15-30s, in said flocculation step, velocity slope is 60-100s
-1, churning time is 20-120s.
2. the treatment process of water coagulation fast according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when being used for the river and gushing emergency processing, in the said coagulation step, velocity slope is 200-300s
-1, churning time is 15-30s, in said flocculation step, velocity slope is 60-100s
-1, churning time is 20-30s.
3. the treatment process of water coagulation fast according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when being used for to water treatment, in the said coagulation step, velocity slope is 200-350s
-1, churning time is 15-30s, in said flocculation step, velocity slope is 60-100s
-1, churning time is 60-120s.
4. according to claim 1, the 2 or 3 described treatment processs of water coagulation fast, it is characterized in that: in said coagulation step, use polymer alumina to be coagulating agent, consumption is with Al
2O
3Count 15mg/L.
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