CN1024162C - 调整b型超探查区域的装置 - Google Patents

调整b型超探查区域的装置 Download PDF

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CN1024162C
CN1024162C CN 87108213 CN87108213A CN1024162C CN 1024162 C CN1024162 C CN 1024162C CN 87108213 CN87108213 CN 87108213 CN 87108213 A CN87108213 A CN 87108213A CN 1024162 C CN1024162 C CN 1024162C
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ultrasonic
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sound
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CN1034855A (zh
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唐充
吴平
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Xi'an electric power central hospital
Xian Jiaotong University
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Xi'an electric power central hospital
Xian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

本发明述及一种调整医用B超仪探查区域的方法并提供一种专用于该方法的装置,适宜于探查被检体内为含气性脏器或骨组织所覆盖部分的实质性脏器。具体方案是在B超诊断探头和被检体表面之间放置一个由声传输媒质制成的楔形折射装置,此装置的折射率大于人体软组织实质性脏器的折射率,于是利用声束折射原理和声路可逆性的结果达到扩大B超诊断仪探查范围的目的。

Description

本发明涉及一种用于调整医用B超仪探查区域的装置。
众所周知,因受物理特性的限制,医用超声波仅适用于人体软组织实质性脏器和含液性脏器,对含气脏器如肺、肠腔以及骨组织等无法探测。但人体内的实质性脏器被体内含气脏器及骨组织覆盖的部位很多,如肝脏、心脏的一部分为肺所覆盖,子宫的一部分被肠腔和耻骨所覆盖。这样,直线线阵超声波既不能扫查覆盖物(肺、肠腔、耻骨等),而且也难于对上述被覆盖的实质性脏器部分进行探测。近年来随着扇形B超探头的问世,使这一问题得到一定程度的解决。但尚存缺陷是这类探头的扇扫面所张角度不可能任意扩大(目前进口探头一般的扇扫角为85°左右,国产的为72°左右),因而仍然扫查不到人体软组织的实质性脏器的一些区域。
本发明的目的在于述及一种能够扩大B型超声波诊断仪探查区域的方法并提供一种专用于该方法的装置,用以弥补现有技术中的不足,提高仪器的诊断能力。
以下将结合附图对本发明所述及的探查方法及装置分别作以介绍。
图1为本发明所述的探查方法的原理图。
图2和图3为图1探查方法的两种具体实施方案图。
图4为本发明所述装置的结构示意图。
图5和图7分别是常规线阵探头和扇扫探头发出的声路示意图。
图6和图8分别是配装了图4所示装置后的线阵探头和扇扫探头所发出的声路示意图。
根据声学的基本原理,当声束从一种媒质进入另一种媒质时,在二者的分界面上将发生反射和折射。人体软组织实质性脏器的折射率 一般为0.23左右,基于上述原理,临床对局部被覆盖的这类脏器进行检查时,可在B超诊断探头(1)和被检体(2)表面之间放置一块较该类脏器声折射率大(一般取其值为0.34~0.37)的由声传输媒质制成的楔形折射装置(3)。该装置的下底表面(4)为与被检体接触面。上表面(5)为与探头接触面,前上壁表面(6)上敷设有吸声物质为吸声面,上表面(5)和下底表面(4)之间的夹角即楔角α,亦为声束入射角,令折射角为β,则由折射定律得出关系式
sinα/sinβ=n′/n
式中n为声密媒质折射率,n′为声疏媒质的折射率,于是利用声束折射的原理和声路可逆性结果探测待检区域,即可以看到被覆盖部分的实质性脏器。
当n/n′的数值一定时,改变α角,则β角随之改变,理论上折射的超声束能够扫过整个第三象限。α角的变化范围在0°和arcsin    n/n′之间(否则超声束将不发生折射或发生全反射)。临床使用时,选取若干个具有不同α角的折射装置,α角的取值皆处在一个限定区域内。通过择取折射装置,调节α值来改变超声波的扫查区域,提高检查效果。超声波经折射返回接收器上的图像会发生几何失真,可以用电子计算机技术加以矫正。
鉴于B超诊断探头所发超声为一声面的特点,折射诊断法用于临床时可以有如图2和图3所示的两种实施方案,其一是使B型超声波诊断探头发出的声面经折射后平行于原声面,由此获得B型超声波的面内折射,主要用于对被检体矢状切面或水平切面的诊断;其二是在第一方案的基础上将B超探头拧转90°放置于折射装置上,使B超探头发出的声面经折射后偏离原声面,由此获得B型超声波的面折射,这样在做超声诊断时可以扫查到更接近被检体“冠状面”的切面。
专用于上述诊断方法的折射装置如图4所示,该装置可以是若干 个具有不同α角的用硅橡胶材料制成的楔形折射块,或者是若干个具有不同α角的内充有四氯化碳(CCl4)或三氯甲烷(CHCl3)媒质的楔形折射容器。针对上述第一种实施方案,折射装置的楔角α值皆被限定在10.0~32.0°之间,而第二种实施方案由于扫查折射的范围较大,故要求折射装置的楔角α值皆被限定在5.0~41.0°之间。组成这种折射装置的材料都具有声折射率大(较之人体软组织而言)、吸声率低和与人体软组织声阻抗相等或相近的特点,在设计者所作的临床试验中收到良好的效果。
为了提高B型超声波接收图像的分辨率,折射装置(3)的与被检体接触面(4)也可做成圆弧凸面,即聚焦凸面,使超声波束短轴聚焦,该圆弧凸面的半径R由下式确定
R=(1- (n)/(n′) )L
式中L为焦距,即凸面顶点到焦点的距离。
该折射装置对B超线阵探头和扇扫探头均可使用,作为与现有技术的对比,以探扫检查人体肺肝重叠部分之肝区为例,图5和图7表示的是在示使用楔形折射装置(3)时这两种探头(7、8)发出的声路情况,而图6和图8表示的是在放置了楔形折射装置(3)后这两种探头(7、8)发出的声路情况。两相比照,后者的效果明显较前者为优。图5~8中其它标号分别表示:(7)线阵探头,(8)扇扫探头,(9)肺脏,(10)肝脏,箭头所示为声路方向。
这种折射装置也可与B型超声波诊断探头(包括线阵探头和扇扫探头)合为一体,即折射装置(3)的上表面(5)附设在B超仪探头上,制成“折射式B型超声波诊断探头”,其结构如图9所示,图中所引标号分别是:(11)声匹配层,(12)压电阵子排列,(13)吸声背衬,(14)探头外壳。

Claims (4)

1、一种置设于医用B型超声诊断探头(1)和被检体(2)表面之间的用于调整B超探查区域的装置,其特征在于该装置为一种楔角α值在5.0~41.0°之间的用声折射率为0.34~0.37材料制成的楔形折射块。
2、如权利要求要求1所述的用于调整B超探查区域的装置,其特征在于该装置为一种楔角α值在10.0~32.0°之间的用硅橡胶材料制成的楔形折射块。
3、如权利要求1所述的用于调整B超探查区域的装置,其特征在于该装置为一种α值在5.0~41.0°之间的内充有四氯化碳(CCl4)或三氯甲烷(CHCl3)媒质的楔形折射容器。
4、如权利要求3所述的用于调整B超探查区域的装置,其特征在于该装置为一种α值在10.0~32.0°之间的内充有四氯化碳(CCl4)或三氯甲烷(CHCl3)媒质的楔形折射容器。
CN 87108213 1987-12-25 1987-12-25 调整b型超探查区域的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1024162C (zh)

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