CN102413536A - Site sensing communication method of ad hoc wireless network - Google Patents
Site sensing communication method of ad hoc wireless network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a site sensing communication method of an ad hoc wireless network, which comprises the following steps that: 1) all mobile and fixed entities in the communication process are equipped with wireless terminals and set as an ad hoc mode, and directly communicate in a point-to-point peer mode without needing a base station or center to transfer; 2) when the entity terminals encounter, the identity is recognized through neighbor discovery, and if the restriction stipulated by the route is met, mutual communication is triggered; otherwise, the entity terminals can delay the transfer and cache the held information until the restriction is met or time is up to discard the information; and 3) a node of each entity terminal can issue the public information thereof or the place thereof; and when the entity terminals encounter, data information interaction is performed according to the communication process so as to realize mutual sensing and recognition of the entities on the site. The method disclosed by the invention has a small code space, a high information transfer submission rate and high expandability and invulnerability, realizes point-to-point direct sensing communication, can obtain the site information around the actual environment of each terminal, and can be applied to the induction of traffic information.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless network, particularly the point-to-point peer-to-peer communications and the exchange method of wireless network node.
Background technology
In traffic system, the necessary information between traffic participant, car even road is mutual, communication for system effectively, steadily, safe operation is significant.The driver obtains vehicle condition, the traffic information except the information source that relies on this car and public infrastructure and provide; If it is mutual to utilize vehicle language and other vehicles to carry out necessary information; Can realize that the information mutual communication between human pilot has or not, cooperates, cooperates, supervises on the road; Can realize that vehicle collision is avoided, traffic congestion early warning, vehicle condition are examined mutually, driving behavior is supervised mutually etc., effectively increase the information occupancy volume of human pilot, improve road safety.
Inter-vehicular communication relies on the valid wireless communication network and supports, to realize between moving vehicle communication support anywhere or anytime.The characteristics of inter-vehicular communication be contain much information, communicate by letter frequent, relate to that personnel are many, the area is extensive.Communication has tangible distributivity, locality, randomness in addition.Existing wireless communication mechanism relies on the infrastructure network support mostly, and communication data needs the concentrated carrying of backbone network.Therefore the mass data that produces at any time of inter-vehicular communication can produce immense pressure to existing communication, even influences other communication services.At present any in addition have the wireless communication mechanism of infrastructure all can realize all standing far away, has a large amount of blind spots, dead angle.Especially in disaster areas such as remote districts, unusual weather conditions, earthquakes, the survivability difference of facility causes the communication paralysis, produces " information island " of communication, for effective inter-vehicular communication brings great difficulty.
Radio network technique is to the trend development of intellectuality, ubiquitousization, syncretization.Along with the appearance of notions such as Internet of Things, general fit calculation, intelligent perception, the intercommunication of any inter-entity such as people, object, environment and mutual increasing demand increase.Especially in intelligent transportation system, the necessary information between traffic participant (department takes advantage of, pedestrian, traffic police), vehicle even road alternately for system effectively, steadily, safe operation is significant.
And present situation often people the time especially in road, lack necessary information obtaining means in trip; Surrounding vehicles all is the stranger; Do not link up and collaborative helping each other; Judgement to environment, road conditions also can only be leaned on experience and fortune, and the state of this traveler " helpless ", " fighting separately " is the unfavorable factor of the unobstructed engineering of China's traffic.Owing to lack to the destination field data, necessary block up road condition advisory and unnecessary trip that the grasp of information causes such as induce and and the consequent volume of traffic very considerable.
Because the popularizing and be easy to factor such as acquisitions of mobile communication technologies such as 2G, 3G, these technology become first-selection in the application that much needs the radio communication support, send modes such as use GPRS, CDMA message like wireless data.According to statistics, present auto communication market, occupied more than 60% by mobile communication.But objectively, cellular communication covering cost and communications cost are than higher, and bandwidth that provides and capacity are also more limited.And this type of cellular communication mechanisms is for traditional interpersonal speech communication Demand Design, is not the communication requirement that is suitable for inter-entity in the various application fully.Its natural design feature is as to attributes such as the strong dependency of infrastructure, base station forwarding, secret protections, cause its signal cover bad, facility is restricted, show in the ubiquitous flexibly instant messaging scene of needs such as environment sensing, Internet of Things whenever and wherever possible awkward.Especially in intelligent transportation, interim meeting-place, disaster relief etc. were used, its problem was more outstanding, mainly is presented in following several respects:
Highly rely on backbone network infrastructure, opposing anomalous event ability.At present any have the wireless communication mechanism of infrastructure all can realize all standing far away, and a lot of suburbs, remote districts and city bridge, building cover an existing a large amount of blind spot, dead angle.Especially when disasters such as generation natural calamity, the survivability difference of facility causes the communication paralysis, and the disaster area becomes " information island " of communication, for the disaster relief brings great difficulty.Owing to receive factor affecting such as deployment conditions is undesirable, external interference is destroyed, end cell is limited, the communication path of network is very unstable in addition, and network connectivty very easily is damaged and causes communication failure.Especially need in the application of long-term low-power consumption military service in traffic control, environmental monitoring etc.; Communication terminal is the reenlist time; Can adopt measures such as dormancy intermittently or shutdown, this makes connective being difficult to of topology of communication network guarantee, causes the inefficacy of legacy network communication protocol.
Rely on base station or access point transfer, directly point to point link and directly perception.Comprise in the various wireless communication mechanism such as 2G, 3G, WLAN, WiMax; Communication between terminal node all will be through the forwarding of base station, access point AP Centroids such as (Access Point); Even the terminal room close proximity also will be through transfer, and can not provide between terminal node one to jump direct point to point link.Therefore this working mechanism cause node can't perception around neighbours' existence, also just can't the support environment perception.Can only set up the internodal perception that exists through methods such as wireless location, GIS location matches, and all there are big problem in the precision of this mode, cost, efficient.And, if lose with the contact of central site then completely lose communication function.These all are that the non-point to point link mechanism of " seeking something far and wide when it is within reach " causes.
Traditional call communication mode is not supported automatically identification and communicating by letter of neighbours whenever and wherever possible.Addressing communicates the traditional wireless communication mode based on unified numbering mostly, and for example, cellular communication handset users such as 2G, 3G use phone number contact the other side.Therefore, if be in reasons such as secret protection or information is limited, can't or the other side's number of knowing of inconvenience then can't communicate by letter.Be example with communication between intelligent traffic vehicle for example, during driving, the adjacent vehicle of road all is the stranger, obviously can't pass through 2G, 3G mobile communication.Therefore, the traditional communication mode can't be applicable to application scenarios such as the automatic identification that needs any inter-entity and the direct communication of communicating by letter whenever and wherever possible.
Field of traffic since the 1980s intelligent transportation system (Intelligent Transport Systems ITS) just becomes the important topic of developed countries such as the U.S., Japan, Europe and regional many research projects and practical applications.Along with improving constantly of automobile self-information degree, road traffic supporting information system also will be fast-developing thereupon.Wireless network communication technique is that solid line information is obtained and mutual necessity that relies on and effective critical support technology in the modern intelligent transportation system.Wherein produced representative onboard wireless network technology (Vehicular Wireless Network Technology); Its target provides the foundation of following intelligent transportation system; Constitute unified cordless communication network through car with the intercommunication mutually of car, car and roadside node; Be used to the real time information of transmitting driver assistance or avoiding accident, or data, services such as entertainment information, Internet access are provided.On communication mode and network configuration, can divide for again by the base station all automobiles are carried out the one-hop wireless communication technology of centralized control, and constitute the wireless communication technology of self-organizing network (Ad Hoc) between the automobile.(Vehicular Ad Hoc Network VANET) is exactly the mechanics of communication of a kind of Che-Che and Che-Lu based on vehicle-mounted self-organizing network to the onboard wireless self-organizing network.
Moving ad hoc network MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is a sub-category of ad hoc network, and VANET is again the sub-category of MANET, and it utilizes moving vehicle as carrier, uses the MANET technology to set up a kind of inter-vehicular communication network.
Aspect VANET technical application and standardization, as far back as 1992, American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) just began to formulate special-purpose short range inter-vehicle communication technology (Dedicated Short Range Communication, DSRC) standard.2003, ASTM formulated DSRC new standard ASTM E2213-02 and E2213-03.Wherein the latter is decided to be the DSRC standard of North America by FCC.In application facet, " California PATH " project of the U.S. has realized the column of traffic automatically control of going, and has verified the feasibility of wireless communication technology aspect traffic safety and efficient.
Europe has also been formulated oneself VANET development plan and research project respectively with Japan.Japan has carried out the development of cooperation control loop at the end of the nineties, through wireless communication technology exchange driving and road information separately, cooperating with each other to realize safely and efficiently driving automatically.New CarTALK 2000 engineerings of initiating are set up a complete traffic wireless network architecture that comprises Che-Che (IVC) and Che-Lu (RVC) in Europe.Various countries' analysis expert is attend in auto communication standardization meeting according to ITU-T in 2003, and the VANET The Application of Technology is expected in 2010 the traffic accident loss reduced by 50%.
Aspect VANET communication protocol, the vehicle node translational speed is fast, and network topology change is fast, and the path life-span is shorter usually.Existing Ad hoc Routing Protocol great majority are to connecting network fully.Yet, in actual deployment is used, usually can run into problems such as the actual deployment condition is restricted, ad hoc network connectivty very easily is damaged.Traditional fixed network agreement and ad hoc Routing Protocol, efficient is lower in this type of network, can not be applicable to these applied environments.IRTF created the non-communications frameworks that connect network fully such as DTN network research group (Delay-Tolerant Networking Research Group), research VANET in 2003.
Wireless network communication technique can be divided into from the networking structure aspect has two types of infrastructure and foundation-free facilities.Most radio network technique still needs the support of infrastructure, but in some particular surroundings or in emergency circumstances, has the mobile communication technology at center not to be competent at.Such as, battlefield dispose, disaster scene relief and open-air scientific investigation etc., people press for a kind of infrastructure that do not rely on can be fast and the radio network technique of flexible configuration, Ad hoc network produces for satisfying this special applications demand.List of references 1 " K.Fall.ADelay-Tolerant Network Architecture for Challenged Internets.In ACM SIGCOMM, Aug.2003. " has proposed a kind of network communication architectures that can't guarantee towards the connectedness of foundation-free facility.For the coverage that the infrastructure-based communication system is arranged, the networking of foundation-free facility can become net through the mutual forwarding dynamic self-organization of portable terminals such as people, car, has characteristics such as no center, flexible, scalable, easy deployment.Moving ad hoc network is the network that is formed by the mobile radio terminal self-organizing.Because characteristics such as mobility, intelligent networking, network have the height dynamic, its agreement has suitable challenge with using, and also is the popular domain of domestic and international research.
Ad hoc network need not base station BS or access point AP etc. and gets final product networking, and cost is low, is convenient to get integrated into environment.Usually, all node equity isomorphisms of Ad hoc network can be used as routing node.Network node is the topology information of detection network automatically, and selects transmission path to accomplish multi-hop communication automatically.Moving ad hoc network MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is a sub-category of ad hoc network; The network that forms by the mobile radio terminal self-organizing; Network has highly dynamic characteristic; Its topologies change is frequent, and its physical layer, MAC layer can use wireless technologys such as IEEE802.11.VANET (Vehicle Ad hoc Network, vehicle-mounted Ad hoc network) utilizes moving vehicle as carrier, uses the MANET technology to set up a kind of inter-vehicular communication network.Will accomplish communication between the vehicle, the adjacent vehicle in the middle of all must be each other in communication covers.IEEE802.11P is based on the VANET wireless standard of IEEE802.11, and this standard mainly is to solve to connect high-frequency switching problem and safety problem fast.Utilize wireless communication standard DSRC to realize short-range communication service of communicating by letter with personal activity to the public safety of automobile to automobile and automobile in the roadside.Initial setting is in the interior transmission speed that 6Mbps can be arranged of 300M distance.Have 1000 feet transmission range and the data rate of 6Mbps, switch between focus more advanced, more support mobile environment etc.
VANET technical application and standardization aspect, as far back as 1992, American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) just began to formulate special-purpose short range inter-vehicle communication technology (Dedicated Short Range Communication, DSRC) standard.2003, ASTM formulated DSRC new standard ASTM E2213-02 and E2213-03.Wherein the latter is decided to be the DSRC standard of North America by FCC.In application facet, " California PATH " project of the U.S. has realized the column of traffic automatically control of going, and has verified the feasibility of wireless communication technology aspect traffic safety and efficient.
Europe has also been formulated oneself VANET development plan and research project respectively with Japan.Japan has carried out the development of cooperation control loop at the end of the nineties, through wireless communication technology exchange driving and road information separately, cooperating with each other to realize safely and efficiently driving automatically.New CarTALK 2000 engineerings of initiating are set up a complete traffic wireless network architecture that comprises Che-Che (IVC) and Che-Lu (RVC) in Europe.Various countries' analysis expert is attend in auto communication standardization meeting according to ITU-T in 2003, and the VANET The Application of Technology is expected in 10-15, the traffic accident loss reduced by 50%.
VANET utilizes the inter-vehicular communication of moving vehicle as carrier, is the key technology in fields such as intelligent transportation, vehicle supervision.Traffic and informatization thereof are the directions of giving priority to of China " 12 ", and the research and extension of VANET has important function for China's intelligent transportation development, also is the emerging academic research field with huge potential using value.At home, key universities such as Tsing-Hua University, Beijing University of Post & Telecommunication, Beijing Jiaotong University, Shanghai Communications University, Hunan University have all set up research center and laboratory that ad hoc network, vehicle ad hoc, intelligent transportation are studied.For the research of aspects such as the wireless technology of VANET, network routing protocol, network simulation, usability evaluation and and application in intelligent transportation obtained the attention of numerous scientific research institutions and vehicle supervision department.
Network routing protocol is to create the also key point of operational network.No matter be Ad hoc, MANET, VANET, it is dynamic that its distinguishing feature is exactly the network topology structure height, connective unstable.In connective and the continuous topology that changes of structure, carry out Route Selection, it is very difficult seeking available communication path.And owing to lack the auxiliary of infrastructure such as P, agency, base station; Be difficult to use default and static routing in the VANET network; Network node must independently be made the route decision according to the network topology of dynamic change, and the research of VANET network route has great challenge.A kind of AODV agreement that list of references 2 " Charles Perkins.Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing RFC 3561; IETF Network Working Group; July, 2003. " proposes is devoted to obtain more stable communication path.But the vehicle node translational speed is fast, and network topology change is fast, and the path life-span is shorter usually.Vehicle on expressway speed per hour 120km/h for example; The communication range of mobile node is 200m; The link timeliness of neighboring mobile node is very short in the path, then probably will lose efficacy through 2-3 this link second, it is contemplated that for multihop path; Its full communicating probability is very little, and network connectivty receives very big influence.
Whether can guarantee that according to network its topology is connective, Ad hoc network can be divided into and connect network fully and partly be connected network.Existing Ad hoc Routing Protocol great majority are to connecting network fully, and are relatively poor to the applicability of VANET.In traditional route protocols design, require to have a path that connects fully between the network service both sides, otherwise consultation is used as the disconnection in path and is fatally handled unusually.Especially in the long multi-hop communication of distance, the moving of great deal of nodes, dormancy etc. can cause that to stablize the probability that complete path exists very little, and the performance of agreement can seriously descend.In the network that connects fully, dynamic characteristics such as the dormancy of mobility, node, fault become the unfavorable factor of communication, satisfy Routing Protocol to the requirement in the path that connects fully difficulty very, also are unpractical sometimes.For example, in actual deployment is used, usually can run into that geographical conditions are undesirable, external interference is destroyed, problems such as move at the terminal, end cell energy constraint system, network connectivty very easily is damaged.Especially in the application that the long-term low-power consumption of needs is on active service, communication terminal is the reenlist time, can adopt measures such as dormancy intermittently or shutdown, and this makes connective being difficult to of topology of communication network guarantee.
Therefore, ad hoc network in practical application, keep topological connectedness and be high cost with worthless.Traditional fixed network agreement and ad hoc Routing Protocol, efficient is lower in the VANET network, can not be applicable to these applied environments.Like IP agreement, Ad hoc distance vector protocol (AODV), dynamic source routing protocol (DSR), wireless Routing Protocol (WRP), dynamic aim sequence distance vector Routing Protocol DSDV as required, virtual ring route VRR etc.Connective strictness dependence has limited the application of wireless network in reality to this Routing Protocol to network topology.
At present keep the research of high reliability route and availability qualitative assessment thereof also to be in the infancy to how among the vehicle network VANET intermittently connecting, relevant both at home and abroad research topic and achievement seldom are listed below:
Intermittently connecting aspect the network routing Design, a feasible scheme is exactly to give way to loosen the requirement connective to topology by agreement.Promptly; Do not require the complete access path that exists all intermediate nodes all simultaneously available during route,, can not be used as the inefficacy of whole route yet even route next jump is temporarily invalid; But occur or recovery the intermittence that allows to wait for next jumping, thereby route is continued.Anders has proposed the Ad hoc network concept that intermittently connects; List of references 3 " Q.Zhang; and W.Zhu.Shortest path routing in partially connected ad hoc networks.In IEEE GLOBECOM, 2003. " has also proposed unconnected network concept etc.The network that these network connectivties can't guarantee can be referred to as part and connect network.IRTF created DTN network research group (Delay-Tolerant Networking Research Group) in 2003, will partly connect network and include its research range [5] in.The agreement of supporting part to connect network is used the asynchronous network communication mode of multi-hop " storage-wait-forwarding ", can in unconnected network, accomplish communication.The agreement of at present supporting part to connect network has: based on the Routing Protocol of the DTN network system, Epidemic Routing Protocol, PROPHET Routing Protocol, DTC Routing Protocol, Spray and Wait Routing Protocol etc.For example; The Epidemic agreement that document 4 " A.Vahdat and D.Becker, Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks.Duke University, Tech.Rep.CS-200006; Apr.2000. " proposes; Can solve part and connect network communication problem, but it uses the mode of flood (Flooding) to carry out route and forwarding, send producing a large amount of redundancies.And the influence that these agreements do not consider all that the terminal is moved, dormancy, fault cause, along with network node constantly moves, the increase of dormancy number of nodes and the expansion of scale, the performance of agreement can receive very big influence.
The performance of route protocol analysis is that route is studied indispensable important content.The main means of protocol performance analysis comprise: experience estimation, network experiment, network simulation and network model theory analysis etc.Wherein the network model theory analysis can provide clear and definite judgment basis for the applicability of Routing Protocol in applied environment, simultaneously also for the design of agreement provides the checking means, has important theoretical research and is worth.
The theoretical research work of network model analysis at present mainly concentrates on and connects network fully, and the research that part is connected network is less relatively.The tradition Routing Protocol is towards connecting network fully, and the connectivity analysis in network topology and path becomes the important content of Performance Evaluation.Ad hoc network node possesses dynamic characteristic, and the mobile variation with operating state of node all can cause the connectedness of network to change.Mobility model and fault model can description node dynamic, corresponding, connectivity analysis can be divided into based on the connectivity analysis of mobility model with based on the connectivity analysis of fault model.The link that proposes like document 5 " Dimitar Trajanov Sonja Filiposka.Ad Hoc Networks Connection Availability Modeling.PE-WASUN ' 04; October 7; 2004; Venezia, Italy " keeps the time of connection to account for ratio computation model running time of system.The Forecasting Methodology that the ad hoc network that Yueh-Min proposes is connective constantly.
The theoretical research work of above-mentioned research and present most of network model analyses mainly concentrates on and connects network fully, and is not suitable for part connection network.Part connects network and does not have proper connectedness; But; If use the part of multi-hop " storage-wait-forwarding " to connect procotol, even network connectivty is relatively poor, network still possesses certain communication capacity; Traditional assessment method can be underestimated network performance, and assessment models needs definition again.Document 6 " M.Grossglauser and D.N.C.Tse; " Mobility increases the capacity of ad hoc wireless networks, " IEEE/ACM Trans.Netw., vol.10; no.4; pp.477-486,2002. " has calculated and has partly connected in the network, utilizes the probability of data being sent to destination node that carries that moves intermediate node.But this method only is used for the Routing Protocol of single-hop section or double bounce section restriction, for long transmission distance, node more to need multi-hop to transmit occasion inapplicable.Based on mobility model at random.In direct transmission algorithm, just carry out the forwarding of packet when having only source node and destination node to meet.The throughput result that this algorithm obtains is when number of network node n is tending towards infinity, and throughput is 0.Verified Routing Protocol poor-performing in the bigger network of network size based on direct transmission algorithm.
Units such as domestic Tsing-Hua University, the National University of Defense technology, Beijing University of Post & Telecommunication, Shanghai Communications University, the Computer Department of the Chinese Academy of Science are also obtaining good achievement aspect research and development of vehicle network agreement and the intelligent traffic vehicle communications applications.Therefore, design a kind of agreement and evaluation method that is applicable to inter-vehicular communication, guarantee that the direct perception of point-to-point and the reliability and the measurability of ubiquitous forwards of height under the dynamic network environment has crucial meaning.
Generally at home, the application that at present automobile-used mobile ad-hoc network and sensor network is used for the road traffic field still is in the starting stage, and ad hoc communication protocol does not possess complete protocol architecture between vehicle, lacks typical practical application.Aspect standardization, there are not special communication and information service standard or standard yet.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the wireless network node direct communication of meeting at random and the approach of perception are provided, and improve the method for inter-node communication reliability.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of wireless network node asynchronous communication cognitive method, the information interaction of the communication node that is used to meet with share, comprising:
1. network is made up of the wireless terminal node (being called Agent) that various entities (people, vehicle, road, building etc.) are equipped with; Comprise that the wireless terminal node (being called PCAgent) that wireless terminal node (being called PhoneAgent) that mobile entity is equipped with and permanent entity are equipped with forms; The ad hoc pattern (perhaps computer is to computer patterns) that is set to of the equal isomorphism of terminal node; With the Peer direct communication of point-to-point, need not compulsoryly transmit through base station or similarly concentrated central station.
2. the loaded information data comprise on the network: routing iinformation data and USI user service information data.The routing iinformation data be network accomplish in route and the communication process necessary alternately, signal messages such as identification, judgement, control.The USI user service information data are user or ISP's the information that needs are shared, issue perhaps exchanges.
3. the purpose of group division is with the node zoning territory in the network, in the way of data arrives destination, can pass through zones of different.Between each node in the exchange process, through (through different group memberships' forwardings) not on the same group, the group identity of the node that is experienced constitutes the set of a group, is called group link in information data, and it has described the sequence information of the group at place, information via path.In the routing procedure of network, group link is used as the foundation of route.Describe this paths with these zones, be used for when needs transmission data this paths of reduction under the guidance of this area information.Can be reciprocity between the group, also can be graduate, the stack of permission group.Each group as the head, is responsible for the synchronous of group information by a comparatively stable member.The form self-organizing of network node and group (or bunch) constitutes a plurality of dynamic subnets.The group that two types of logical combination geographical group are arranged.Logical groups is according to different data contents and service type definition different logical group.Geographical group can be according to node permanent residence, ownership place, often meet neighbours' set etc. has the certain group characteristic relevant with the position and the group of motion feature.Each group is made up of head and rank-and-file member, has common group identity and indicates ID.Geographical group head is generally the relatively-stationary PCAgent in position and serves as.Also can serve as the logical groups head by PhoneAgent or PCAgent that certain relative fixed service is provided.The sizes that the division of group, identity are set up, changed and discern, organize etc. are by the decision of group partitioning algorithm.
1) logical groups (according to different data contents and service type definition different logical group).It is responsible for gathering or providing certain information.Because the vehicle net is made up of nodes such as vehicle and pedestrians; Its activity has certain subjective logic property and social group's property; Can utilize that this natural node social function attribute is logical. group with node division in the application layer, can be divided into family's group, working group, social groups etc. like the social work relation.Can be divided into shopping group, house to let dealing group, traffic information group etc. according to interest and service order.
2) geographical group.Can often meet the group that neighbours' set, ownership place etc. have parameter such as certain group's characteristic and motion feature parameter, the frequency statistics that meets settling time, Spatial Dimension more according to node, like early, middle and late trip group, party group, long-distance, short distance group, area group, residence community group etc.Be can be in the network by the group of group name addressing.
4. there is the information of informing in group head periodic broadcasting group.Other member is obligated to transmit, and group concerns routing iinformation in by each forward node repeating process, needs the group identity information of record forward node, the set of formation group, i.e. group link.Broadcast message through the timestamp comparison, go the scope of its forwardings of control such as heavy sequence number, jumping limit, life cycle, repeat, information expired or that overrun no longer is broadcasted anti-table tennis, winding and the broadcast storm of going up.
5. repeating process
The forwarding of information data can also can be asynchronous repeating process for synchronous repeating process.Synchronously repeating process is a node to the forwarding of current visible neighbor node.Asynchronous repeating process is that node (is generally a few minutes or longer at the regular hour threshold range; Be different from packet in traditional repeating process Millisecond wait in line cache-time) information that need transmit of interior buffer memory; If during buffer memory; There is newly-increased visible neighbor node to occur, then continues the forwarding of this information.
When packet arrives certain intermediate node vi, when unavailable, allow packet at vi long period buffer memory as if next jumping vi+1, Δ t waits for a period of time; When vi+1 occurs (other mobile node gets into current communication range becomes new neighbor node or wake events of neighbor node generation), packet just can continue to transmit.As long as packet can arrive destination node through the path, think that then the path is that can reach, asynchronous connection.
6. route finding process
Group concerns that routing iinformation comprises that organizing existence informs information, routing information request, route replies information.Route replies information is a kind of information that exists of orientation, only is transmitted to the neighbor node that group link comprises.In the route finding process of Routing Protocol; Visit an available path that obtains the source and destination node through asynchronous smelling; Node in this paths possibly not be simultaneously available (leaving mutual communication range or being in non-active state such as dormancy shutdown), but can accomplish the transmission of routing iinformation through the asynchronous repeating process of describing in 4.The path is made up information joining day stamp, hop-by-hop tolerance Δ t time of delay, preceding body descendant node information, associated weights information etc., the asynchronous connected graph of reconstruct.A paths that calculates in the route finding process is designated as Ln, and the group under the node that Ln comprises constitutes a group sequence Gn, and this group sequence is exactly to describe the logical implication in path, becomes group link.With the guidance foundation of this information, accomplish the generation in path as route.
7. routing procedure
The tolerance of the preferential foundation of Route Selection is group link, and when neighbor node and present node have identical group, the group that perhaps occurs in its group ownership and the group link is consistent, then preferentially forwarding.Other several kinds tolerance are taken all factors into consideration, as: jump minimum preferential, the path of section the shortest preferential, path stability is preferential, postpone between the shortest preferential, moving direction preference for probability, the frequency fairness doctrine, buffer empty equilibrium etc. is foundation.With the moving direction preference for probability is example; For the significant inter-vehicular communication network of mobility; The mobile one side of node motion can be destroyed the connectedness in the current path of choosing, but in the another one angle, it maybe be through moving; Direction towards more approaching destination node moves, thereby promotes packet to be sent to the destination with higher probability.Therefore in some cases; Select the higher node of moving direction probability to transmit, maybe be than selecting a paths to postpone less but to jump the more path of section excellent, because; Letting more node participate in transmitting stability can reduce; Prior, may be transmitted to the node that some move towards unfavorable direction, thereby reduce the probability that packet successfully arrives destination node.Thus it is clear that, jump restriction and next-hop node moving direction probability preferably also extremely important of section.
8. group of working as certain group head exists the information of informing to be obtained by certain Agent, and this Agent can inform and obtain group link the information that relationship chain has write down the set of the group from this Agent to this group head approach from the group existence.Group link is stored in this node.If this Agent has USI user service information will send to other this group head, this group link capable of using is accomplished route and forwarding.Have only as certain neighbour of this Agent (and if only if neighbours group identity appear in this group link) to occur, then trigger the forwarding of this USI user service information, otherwise with this information of buffer memory up to expired.Allow to be transmitted to a plurality of neighbours, this quantity is called the forwarding copy amount, can be by system customization.Group link is embedded into USI user service information and transmits together.Forward node in the way serves as that the Route Selection of repeating process is ditto said according to the forwarding of accomplishing USI user service information with this group link equally.Group link is stored in this forward node.
9. the transmission of USI user service information
If will send to other certain purpose Agent when Agent has USI user service information, can at first search the group link that whether has obtained to comprise purpose Agent place group identity.If obtain, then the same described routing forwarding process.If do not exist, then carry out the route requests process.In the route requests process, node periodic broadcasting routing information request.Other member is obligated to transmit, and routing information request needs the group identity information of record forward node, the set of formation group, i.e. group link in by each forward node repeating process.Routing information request through the timestamp comparison, go the scope of its forwardings of control such as heavy sequence number, jumping limit, life cycle, repeat, information expired or that overrun no longer is broadcasted, and prevents table tennis, winding and broadcast storm.When requested group of head receives this routing information request; Perhaps obtained to comprise intermediate node by the group link of request group; Respond a route replies information, group link is embedded into route replies information, and route replies information only is transmitted to the neighbor node that group link comprises.After the route requests node is received route replies information, write down group link, can start the repeating process of USI user service information.
A concrete information repeating process can pass through Fig. 1 explanation.
All nodes belong at least one group through the group partition process.In the example, the communication terminal PCAgent_A～D of permanent entity forms four groups of G_A～D respectively among Fig. 1.It is as shown in Figure 1 that PhoneAgent_1～7 have corresponding group of identity separately.If PhoneAgent_1 will send USI user service information and give PCAgent_C.Need search the group link routing iinformation that whether has obtained to comprise purpose Agent place group identity.If obtain, there is the information of informing like the group of sending through PCAgent_C, arrive PhoneAgent_1 along a path of wire arrow indication, then can obtain group of routes relationship chain information.Group exists informs that the forwarding of information can be an asynchronous procedure; Be that PCAgent_C exists the information of informing to give group G_C member PhoneAgent_5 in t1 transmission group constantly; PhoneAgent_5 maybe not can transmit (PhoneAgent_5 dormancy or shutdown, perhaps PCAgent_B maybe be in communication range) immediately, after PhoneAgent_5 and PCAgent_B meet; Be transmitted to PCAgent_B again, same process is transmitted to PhoneAgent_6, PCAgent_A and finally arrives PhoneAgent_1.Information via has been informed in the group existence G_C, G_B, three groups of G_A, thereby the relationship chain of formation G_C <-->G_B <-->G_A.PhoneAgent_1 can send the USI user service information data and give PCAgent_C according to this relationship chain.If PhoneAgent_1 is this relationship chain not, then carry out the route requests process.The repeating process of routing information request and above-mentioned group of existence inform that the asynchronous repeating process of information is similar, but propagation path has difference.When PCAgent_C receives request, send route replies information.The repeating process of route replies information and above-mentioned group of existence inform that the asynchronous repeating process of information is similar, but propagation path has difference.When PhoneAgent_1 receives route replies information, form the relationship chain of G_C <-->G_B <-->G_A.PhoneAgent_1 can send the USI user service information data and give PCAgent_C according to this relationship chain.Repeating process and above-mentioned group of existence inform that the asynchronous repeating process of information is similar, but propagation path has difference.For example, PhoneAgent_1 finds that neighbours PhoneAgent_2 is G_A on the same group, and G_A is included in the relationship chain of G_C <-->G_B <-->G_A, can transmit.In like manner; PhoneAgent_7 belongs to G_C, and this node possibly move to the regional G_B of visit from attributed region G_C, meets with PhoneAgent_2; PhoneAgent_2 is transmitted to PhoneAgent_7 according to group link; PhoneAgent_7 possibly constantly get back to its attributed region G_C again at next, meets with PCAgent_C, and destination node PCAgent_C is given in completion USI user service information data forwarding the most at last.
10. system module constitutes
The entity terminal comprises the PCAgent that permanent entity is equipped with, like computer, and the PhoneAgent of mobile entity outfit, like mobile phone.Adopt modularized design, structurally mainly be divided into " user interface " and " bottom communication " two modules." user interface " module mainly be responsible for the user alternately with the communicating by letter of PCAgent, realize the user terminal query function, " user interface " module needs one to inquire about submodule, a display sub-module as a result.Realize that business intelligence information pushes perceptional function, " user interface " module needs a perception submodule.In addition, realize the road information query function, because two kinds of map display modes are arranged, " user interface " module needs a GIS ground module, a Web ground module.So, can subscriber interface module be divided into " inquiry ", " result ", " perception ", " GIS map ", " Web map " and " smelling spy " six modules according to function.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is network route and information repeating process sketch map;
Fig. 2 is directly perception and indirect perception sketch map in the moving process;
Fig. 3 is for postponing storage repeating process sketch map;
Fig. 4 is that geographical group and logical groups are divided sketch map;
Fig. 5 is each module interaction diagrams of communication system;
Fig. 6 is the enquiry module flow chart;
Fig. 7 is the sensing module flow chart;
Fig. 8 visits the module flow chart for smelling;
Embodiment
Communication scenes for a typical garden can be disposed enforcement in the following manner.Need PCAgent and mobile phone to accomplish the ad hoc communication network of permanent entity and mobile entity formation; Realize the perception and the communication function of communication terminal, such as the location of inquiry, GIS and the Web dual mode of information such as food and drink and shopping, the perception of businessman's favor information.If at least two PCAgent are set, just can show the switching of PCAgent in the mobile phone moving process, promptly the terminal can select the minimum PCAgent of time delay to connect.The mobile immediate communication between the terminal just can be realized at least two terminals, comprises text message and voice messaging.
1. the configuration at terminal and requirement are as follows:
1). portable mobile units such as the mobile phone of support WiFi function, PDA, UMPC.
2). fixing-the wireless network IAD
3). dispose the integrated information service device
4). garden ISP's information publishing point (bank, food and drink, supermarket, lodging etc.) public business information service provision point in garden, the deployment information point (USB interface WiFi wireless network card, PC).
2. inter-entity application service communication process is described
As shown in Figure 5, entity terminal applies communication for service carries out according to rules.
Like Fig. 5 mark, each intermodule roughly can be divided into 11 kinds alternately:
(1) " inquiry " module will be done shopping, Query Information such as food and drink is sent to " communication " module, and jump to " result " module, and " communication " module returns to the result " result " module;
(2) the details request of the wherein a certain item of " result " module general sends to " communication " module, and receives the result that it returns;
(3) " result " module is carried out the GIS location to a certain place, jumps to " GIS map " module and carries out positioning function;
(4) " result " module is carried out the Web location to a certain place, jumps to " Web map " module and carries out positioning function;
(5) " GIS map " module is to " passing through " module request traffic information, and receives the road conditions picture that returns
(6) keyword in the place that will inquire about of " Web map " module sends to " communication " module, and receives its return results, promptly returns the information in all corresponding relevant places of this keyword, wherein the most important thing is latitude and longitude information;
(7) " Web map " module to " communication " module request Web map, and receives this map according to longitude and latitude;
(8) " Web map " module to this in detail new of " communication " module request, and receives this information according to longitude and latitude;
(9) " Web map " module near the location information of " communication " module request changing the time, and receives relevant information according to longitude and latitude, comprises map picture in the information;
(10) " communication " module newly passes to sales promotion " perception " module;
(12) " perception " module cage " communication " module request coupon information, and receive the information of returning;
(12) the module broadcasting itself of " smelling spy " smells the breath of making inquiries about;
(13) module of " smelling spy " receives the breath of making inquiries about of smelling of PCAgent and other mobile phone in real time.
3. enquiry module
Enquiry module can carry out three kinds of operations.First kind is the switching of option.Land the choice box stage in the initial phase loading, the user can select one of " food and drink ", " hotel ", " shopping ", " other " four options, and the query interface that gets into afterwards is corresponding to the option of having selected.Here, the user can reselect option, selects rear interface to show and adjusts accordingly according to new selection, like the renewal of advertising message etc.
Second kind is to switch to other Shipping Options Pages, and the user can click other Shipping Options Pages of below, interface, has just got into other label interfaces.
The third is inquiry.At first select the kind of inquiry, fill in query contents, this part must be filled out.Click " inquiry " button, create and get into the transmission thread.Because different query requests, corresponding different subprogram is handled, so need different call back function addresses be set according to different query requests.Next step passes to PhoneAgent.dll with query contents, get into " result " label after, wait for the Query Result of PhoneAgent, resolve the document that PhoneAgent returns, like XML etc., page or leaf in " result " Shipping Options Page.
4. sensing module
Select opening should service, then system start-up and get into receiving thread.At this moment, the sales promotion information that is pushed by near the businessman the mobile phone terminal just can be received through wireless network.When having the information of customization to transmit, system receives sales promotion information and shows.The user can select " acquisition reward voucher ", and system sends request, receives and the demonstration reward voucher.Service is closed in selection, then closes receiving thread.
5. smell the spy module
Smell the spy module and after initialization, open two threads, the breath of making inquiries about of smelling that is used for transmission itself regularly, another is used for the breath of making inquiries about of smelling of real-time reception PCAgent and other mobile phone.For the breath of making inquiries about of smelling that receives, according to the difference in its source, the difference parsing and displaying.
Claims (9)
1. network is made up of the wireless terminal node (being called Agent) that various entities (people, vehicle, road, building etc.) are equipped with; Comprise that the wireless terminal node (being called PCAgent) that wireless terminal node (being called PhoneAgent) that mobile entity is equipped with and permanent entity are equipped with forms; The ad hoc pattern (perhaps computer is to computer patterns) that is set to of the equal isomorphism of terminal node; With the Peer direct communication of point-to-point, need not compulsoryly transmit through base station or similarly concentrated central station.
2. the form self-organizing of network node and group (or bunch) constitutes a plurality of dynamic subnets; The group that has two types of logical combination geographical group; Each group is made up of head and rank-and-file member; Have common group identity and indicate ID, wherein logical groups is according to different data contents and service type definition different logical group, geographical group for according to node permanent residence, ownership place, often meet neighbours' set etc. and have the certain group characteristic relevant and the group of motion feature with the position; Geographical group head is generally the relatively-stationary PCAgent in position and serves as, and logical groups head is served as by PhoneAgent or PCAgent that certain relative fixed service is provided.
3. the loaded information data comprise routing iinformation data and USI user service information data on the network; The routing iinformation data are that network is accomplished signal messages such as necessary mutual, identification, judgement, control in route and the communication process, and the USI user service information data be user or ISP's the information that needs are shared, issue perhaps exchanges.
In information data between each node in the exchange process; Can be through not on the same group, the group identity of the node that it experienced constitutes the set of a group, is called group link; It has described the sequence information of the group at place, information via path; In the routing procedure of network, this group link is used as the foundation of route, and group concerns that routing iinformation comprises that there is information, routing information request, the route replies information of informing in group; Route replies information is that a kind of group of orientation exists and to inform and information only be transmitted to the neighbor node that group link comprises.
5. the forwarding of information data can also can be asynchronous repeating process for synchronous repeating process; Synchronously repeating process is a node to the forwarding of current visible neighbor node; Asynchronous repeating process is that node (is generally a few minutes or longer at the regular hour threshold range; Be different from packet in traditional repeating process Millisecond wait in line cache-time) information that interior buffer memory need be transmitted, if during buffer memory, there is newly-increased visible neighbor node to occur, then continue the forwarding of this information.
6. there is information in group head periodic broadcasting group, and other member is obligated to transmit, and group concerns routing iinformation in by each forward node repeating process, needs the group identity information of record forward node, forms group link.Inform information by certain Agent acquisition when certain group existence of organizing the head, this Agent can inform and obtain group link the information that group link is stored in this node from the group existence; If this Agent has USI user service information will send to other this group head; This group link capable of using is accomplished route and forwarding, has only certain neighbour as this Agent (and if only if neighbours group identity appear in this group link) to occur, then triggers the forwarding of this USI user service information; Otherwise with this information of buffer memory up to expired; Allow to be transmitted to a plurality of neighbours, group link is embedded into USI user service information and transmits together, and the forward node in the way serves as according to the forwarding of accomplishing USI user service information with this group link equally; The Route Selection of repeating process is ditto said, and group link is stored in this forward node.
If 7.Agent there is USI user service information will send to other certain purpose Agent; Can at first search the group link that whether has obtained to comprise purpose Agent place group identity, if obtain, then the same described routing forwarding process; If do not exist, then carry out the route requests process.
8. in the route requests process, node periodic broadcasting routing information request, other member is obligated to transmit; Routing information request needs the group identity information of record forward node in by each forward node repeating process, form group link; When requested group of head receives this routing information request, perhaps obtained to comprise intermediate node by the group link of request group, with route replies information as response; Group link is embedded into route replies information, and route replies information only is transmitted to the neighbor node that group link comprises, after the route requests node is received route replies information; Write down group link, can start the repeating process of USI user service information.
9. according to the on-the-spot perception communication means of the described a kind of ad hoc deployed wireless networks of claim 1～8; It is characterized in that the Peer direct communication of the ad hoc pattern that is set to point-to-point of the equal isomorphism of terminal node, the form self-organizing of network node and group; Repeating process is asynchronous; The node information that buffer memory need be transmitted in big time scale threshold range, group link is used as the foundation of routing forwarding, has only the neighbours' appearance that has the group identity that is included in the group link when certain; Then touch the forwarding of USI user service information, meet and to realize directly between the node of group link constraint or perception and information interaction indirectly.
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