CN102408691B - High-barrier nanocellulose composite material - Google Patents

High-barrier nanocellulose composite material Download PDF

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CN102408691B
CN102408691B CN2011103504656A CN201110350465A CN102408691B CN 102408691 B CN102408691 B CN 102408691B CN 2011103504656 A CN2011103504656 A CN 2011103504656A CN 201110350465 A CN201110350465 A CN 201110350465A CN 102408691 B CN102408691 B CN 102408691B
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cellulose
nano
barrier
composite material
organic solvent
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CN102408691A (en
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张萍
高德
王炳涛
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Ningbo Institute of Technology of ZJU
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Ningbo Institute of Technology of ZJU
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Abstract

The invention provides a high-barrier nanocellulose composite material, which comprises the following materials by weight percentage: 0.2%-10% of nanocellulose, 90%-99.8% of poly fatty acid ester, an organic solvent is taken as a carrier, the mass concentration of nanocellulose in the organic solvent is less than 20%. The preparation method of the high-barrier nanocellulose composite material comprises the following steps: 1) preparing nanocellulose; 2) putting the organic solvent in nanocellulose prepared in step 1) for dissolving; 3)adding poly fatty acid ester in a solution prepared in the step 2), and uniformly stirring; 4) casting the solution prepared in the step 3), volatilizating the organic solvent and forming the film. Compared with the prior art, the high-barrier nanocellulose composite material has the advantages of low energy consumption while manufacturing, low manufacture cost, complete biodegradation and good environmental protection.

Description

The high-barrier nano cellulose composite material
Technical field
The invention belongs to the high barrier material preparation field, particularly relate to a kind of high-barrier nano cellulose composite material.
Background technology
At present, to the pollution of environment, promoted the development of biological material, renewable resources and the energy along with the growing price of exhaustion, the oil of petroleum resources and oil.Poly(lactic acid), polycaprolactone, PHA etc. are as a kind of degradable green material, have good biocompatibility, food safety, and material source is in biomass resource, can complete biodegradable, therefore have a wide range of applications in field of compound material.
Mierocrystalline cellulose (cellulose) by the macromolecular polysaccharide that glucose forms, is the main component of plant cell wall.Mierocrystalline cellulose is a kind of polysaccharide that the occurring in nature distribution is the widest, content is maximum, accounting for more than 50% of vegitabilia's carbon content, is that the source of occurring in nature existence is the most extensive, inexhaustible, nexhaustible renewable resources is focuses of studying both at home and abroad at present to cellulosic exploitation.
Nano-cellulose refers to have the cellulose crystals of nanoscale, and its size has huge specific surface area and surface atom number generally at 30 ~ 100nm, has special surface effects, and still has cellulosic crystal formation and character.Nano-cellulose can be used as pharmaceutical carrier, nanometer strengthener, coating thickener, dispersion agent, drug excipient, foodstuff additive, membrane filter etc., has a wide range of applications at aspects such as medical science, fine chemistry industry, preparation type materials.Due to the nanoscale network structure of nano-cellulose, make it have superior performance, for the preparation of matrix material, give matrix resin some special performances, as mechanical property, shape-memory properties and optical transparence etc.
At present, the common high barrier material of prior art mainly contains ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyvinylidene dichloride, polyvinyl alcohol, aluminum oxide evaporated film, polyamide layer etc., is patent of CN 1401702, CN 101181948, CN 1640649, CN 1386631, CN 1736812 and CN 1760087 etc. as publication number.So-called high barrier refers under standard state, O 2Transit dose at 5mL/m 2Below d, vapor transfer rate is at 2g/m 2The material that d is following.Refer to 23 ℃, the thick film of 65%R.H.1mil (25.4 μ m) under so-called standard state.But these high barrier materials in actual applications, the MULTILAYER COMPOSITE resin high-resistant diaphragm that the method for common employing MULTILAYER COMPOSITE or AM aluminum metallization obtains, the aluminium-plated film of nanometer etc., this exists complete processing more complicated with regard to the high barrier material that makes prior art, energy consumption is higher, and manufacturing cost is higher and can not the relatively poor problem of the complete biodegradable feature of environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that when a kind of manufacturing is provided, energy consumption is lower, the low fully biodegradable feature of environmental protection high-barrier nano cellulose composite material preferably that reaches of manufacturing cost for solving above technical problem.
For realizing the object of the invention, the present invention's technical scheme used is: a kind of high-barrier nano cellulose composite material is provided, and it is made by the material of following components in weight percent:
Nano-cellulose 0.2% ~ 10%(refer to nano-cellulose account for high-barrier nano cellulose composite material total mass 0.2% ~ 10%), polyglycerol fatty acid ester 90% ~ 99.8%(refer to the polyglycerol fatty acid ester account for high-barrier nano cellulose composite material total mass 90% ~ 99.8%), also can be described as nano-cellulose 0.2wt% ~ 10 wt %, polyglycerol fatty acid ester 90 wt % ~ 99.8 wt %, wt % is representation quality per-cent; And when making as the organic solvent of carrier, the mass concentration of described nano-cellulose in organic solvent is in 20%; The crystal of described nano-cellulose is bar-shaped, spherical or the ellipsoid shape, and the length of this crystal is 30 ~ 250nm, and diameter is 5 ~ 40nm.
The material of preferential components in weight percent is: nano-cellulose 0.5% ~ 10%, polyglycerol fatty acid ester 90% ~ 99.5%.
Described polyglycerol fatty acid ester is poly(lactic acid), polycaprolactone or PHA.
Described poly(lactic acid) is L, D-poly(lactic acid) or PLLA; Described PHA is poly 3-hydroxy butyrate.
Described organic solvent is polar solvent, and described polar solvent is chloroform, methylene dichloride, tetracol phenixin or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
Compared with prior art, the present invention under the effect of nano-cellulose, therefore has following remarkable advantage or beneficial effect owing to having added nano-cellulose in the polyglycerol fatty acid ester:
(1) polyglycerol fatty acid ester and nano-cellulose all belong to the renewable resources of fully biodegradable, therefore have environmental protection effect preferably.
(2) water vapour permeability and OTR oxygen transmission rate are all lower, the water vapour permeability that water vapour permeability is compared pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film descends at least 40%, the OTR oxygen transmission rate that OTR oxygen transmission rate is compared pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film descends at least 50%, need not to carry out MULTILAYER COMPOSITE or aluminize namely possessed the feature of high barrier material, can be widely used in the packing that food, medicine etc. need the high obstructing performance film.
(3) due to the requirement that need not to carry out MULTILAYER COMPOSITE or aluminium coated and can reach high barrier, therefore also just avoid complicated MULTILAYER COMPOSITE or aluminum plating process, the energy consumption that produces in these technological processs and the discharging of pollutent have also been saved simultaneously, and then energy consumption is lower when making the present invention make, and to the less pollution of environment, finally make cost of manufacture lower.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment explanation, but the invention is not restricted to following concrete embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of high-barrier nano cellulose composite material, it comprises the following steps:
1) preparation nano-cellulose, the crystal of described nano-cellulose is bar-shaped, spherical or the ellipsoid shape, and the length of this crystal is 30 ~ 250nm, diameter is 5 ~ 40nm; Prepare the method for nano-cellulose and be the method for conventional prior art, this example prepares in the laboratory, the preparation method is: in the 50ml beaker, the Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) that adds the 1g left and right, record the amount of the actual MCC of taking with electronic balance, adding distil water records the gross weight of MCC and distilled water to 10ml; Subsequently the gained suspension liquid is put into ice-water bath, insert thermometer, dripping while stirring vitriol oil sulfuric acid concentration to the suspension liquid in the suspension liquid is 50%, stops dripping; Then continue stirring reaction 1.5h under 40 ℃; Again with gained suspension, carry out centrifugally, centrifuge speed is 12000rpm, time is 10min, removes supernatant liquid, and (or centrifugal rear gained supernatant liquor is muddy so to repeat five times, can stop centrifugal), centrifugal sample supersound process half hour in ice-water bath, make required nano-cellulose.
2) with the nano-cellulose for preparing in step 1), get dissolving (being equivalent to the mass concentration of nano-cellulose in organic solvent is 0.09%) in the chloroformic solution of input 100g of 0.1g nano-cellulose (being equivalent to add 0.99% the nano-cellulose that accounts for high-barrier nano cellulose composite material total mass), and the chloroformic solution that will drop into nano-cellulose is placed in the ultrasonic wave separating apparatus nano-cellulose disperseed, and ultrasonic time is 20s;
3) subsequently in step 2) in add the L of 10g in the solution that makes, the D-poly(lactic acid) (is equivalent to add 99.01% the L that accounts for high-barrier nano cellulose composite material total mass, the D-poly(lactic acid)), and magnetic stirs 60 min at the temperature of 30 ℃, certainly in temperature during lower than 30 ℃, only need to increase churning time and also can achieve the goal, or, only need suitably to shorten churning time and also can achieve the goal during greater than 50 ℃ in temperature;
4) at last the solution that makes in step 3) is cast, film forming gets final product after the organic solvent volatilization, and the thickness of the film of film forming is 100 μ m.
The water vapour permeability of the film that makes is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and is descended 56%, and OTR oxygen transmission rate is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and descended 76%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of high-barrier nano cellulose composite material, it comprises the following steps:
1) preparation nano-cellulose, the crystal of described nano-cellulose is bar-shaped, spherical or the ellipsoid shape, and the length of this crystal is 30 ~ 250nm, diameter is 5 ~ 40nm; Prepare the method for nano-cellulose and be the method for conventional prior art.
2) with the nano-cellulose for preparing in step 1), get in the carbon tetrachloride solution of input 100g of 0.1g nano-cellulose and dissolve, and the carbon tetrachloride solution that will drop into nano-cellulose is placed in the ultrasonic wave separating apparatus nano-cellulose disperseed, and ultrasonic time is 30s;
3) subsequently in step 2) in add the poly 3-hydroxy butyrate of 10g in the solution that makes, and magnetic stirs 40 min at the temperature of 40 ℃, certainly in temperature during lower than 30 ℃, only needing to increase churning time also can achieve the goal, or, only need suitably to shorten a churning time and also can achieve the goal during greater than 50 ℃ in temperature;
4) at last the solution that makes in step 3) is cast, film forming gets final product after the organic solvent volatilization, and the thickness of the film of film forming is 100 μ m.
The water vapour permeability of the film that makes is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and is descended 58%, and OTR oxygen transmission rate is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and descended 77%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of high-barrier nano cellulose composite material, it comprises the following steps:
1) preparation nano-cellulose, the crystal of described nano-cellulose is bar-shaped, spherical or the ellipsoid shape, and the length of this crystal is 30 ~ 250nm, diameter is 5 ~ 40nm; Prepare the method for nano-cellulose and be the method for conventional prior art.
2) with the nano-cellulose for preparing in step 1), get in the chloroformic solution of input 100g of 0.1g nano-cellulose and dissolve, and the chloroformic solution that will drop into nano-cellulose is placed in the ultrasonic wave separating apparatus nano-cellulose is disperseed, ultrasonic time is 30s;
3) subsequently in step 2) in add the polycaprolactone of 10g in the solution that makes, and magnetic stirs 60 min at the temperature of 30 ℃, certainly in temperature during lower than 30 ℃, only needing to increase churning time also can achieve the goal, or, only need suitably to shorten a churning time and also can achieve the goal during greater than 50 ℃ in temperature;
4) at last the solution that makes in step 3) is cast, film forming gets final product after the organic solvent volatilization, and the thickness of the film of film forming is 100 μ m.
The water vapour permeability of the film that makes is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and is descended 46%, and OTR oxygen transmission rate is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and descended 63%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of high-barrier nano cellulose composite material, it comprises the following steps:
1) preparation nano-cellulose, the crystal of described nano-cellulose is bar-shaped, spherical or the ellipsoid shape, and the length of this crystal is 30 ~ 250nm, diameter is 5 ~ 40nm; Prepare the method for nano-cellulose and be the method for conventional prior art.
2) with the nano-cellulose for preparing in step 1), get in the chloroformic solution of input 100g of 0.1g nano-cellulose and dissolve, and the chloroformic solution that will drop into nano-cellulose is placed in the ultrasonic wave separating apparatus nano-cellulose is disperseed, ultrasonic time is 30s;
3) subsequently in step 2) in add the PLLA of 10g in the solution that makes, and magnetic stirs 60 min at the temperature of 30 ℃, certainly in temperature during lower than 30 ℃, only needing to increase churning time also can achieve the goal, or, only need suitably to shorten a churning time and also can achieve the goal during greater than 50 ℃ in temperature;
4) at last the solution that makes in step 3) is cast, film forming gets final product after the organic solvent volatilization, and the thickness of the film of film forming is 100 μ m.
The water vapour permeability of the film that makes is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and is descended 44%, and OTR oxygen transmission rate is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and descended 68%.
Embodiment 5
A kind of preparation method of high-barrier nano cellulose composite material, it comprises the following steps:
1) preparation nano-cellulose, the crystal of described nano-cellulose is bar-shaped, spherical or the ellipsoid shape, and the length of this crystal is 30 ~ 250nm, diameter is 5 ~ 40nm; Prepare the method for nano-cellulose and be the method for conventional prior art.
2) with the nano-cellulose for preparing in step 1), get in the chloroformic solution of input 100g of 0.1g nano-cellulose and dissolve, and the chloroformic solution that will drop into nano-cellulose is placed in the ultrasonic wave separating apparatus nano-cellulose is disperseed, ultrasonic time is 60s;
3) subsequently in step 2) in add the L of 10g in the solution that makes, the D-poly(lactic acid), and magnetic stirs 35 min at the temperature of 50 ℃, certainly in temperature during lower than 30 ℃, only needing to increase churning time also can achieve the goal, or, only need suitably to shorten a churning time and also can achieve the goal during greater than 50 ℃ in temperature;
4) at last the solution that makes in step 3) is cast, film forming gets final product after the organic solvent volatilization, and the thickness of the film of film forming is 100 μ m.
The water vapour permeability of the film that makes is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and is descended 54%, and OTR oxygen transmission rate is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and descended 74%.
Embodiment 6
A kind of preparation method of high-barrier nano cellulose composite material, it comprises the following steps:
1) preparation nano-cellulose, the crystal of described nano-cellulose is bar-shaped, spherical or the ellipsoid shape, and the length of this crystal is 30 ~ 250nm, diameter is 5 ~ 40nm; Prepare the method for nano-cellulose and be the method for conventional prior art.
2) with the nano-cellulose for preparing in step 1), get in the dichloromethane solution of input 50g of 0.1g nano-cellulose and dissolve, and the dichloromethane solution that will drop into nano-cellulose is placed in the ultrasonic wave separating apparatus nano-cellulose disperseed, and ultrasonic time is 60s;
3) subsequently in step 2) in add the L of 20g in the solution that makes, the D-poly(lactic acid), and magnetic stirs 50min at the temperature of 30 ℃, certainly in temperature during lower than 30 ℃, only needing to increase churning time also can achieve the goal, or, only need suitably to shorten a churning time and also can achieve the goal during greater than 50 ℃ in temperature;
4) at last the solution that makes in step 3) is cast, film forming gets final product after the methylene dichloride volatilization, and the thickness of the film of film forming is 120 μ m.
The water vapour permeability of the film that makes is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and is descended 50%, and OTR oxygen transmission rate is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and descended 70%.
Embodiment 7
A kind of preparation method of high-barrier nano cellulose composite material, it comprises the following steps:
1) preparation nano-cellulose, the crystal of described nano-cellulose is bar-shaped, spherical or the ellipsoid shape, and the length of this crystal is 30 ~ 250nm, diameter is 5 ~ 40nm; Prepare the method for nano-cellulose and be the method for conventional prior art.
2) with the nano-cellulose for preparing in step 1), get in the chloroformic solution of input 100g of 1g nano-cellulose and dissolve, and the chloroformic solution that will drop into nano-cellulose is placed in the ultrasonic wave separating apparatus nano-cellulose is disperseed, ultrasonic time is 30s;
3) subsequently in step 2) in add the L of 10g in the solution that makes, the D-poly(lactic acid), and magnetic stirs 60min at the temperature of 30 ℃, certainly in temperature during lower than 30 ℃, only needing to increase churning time also can achieve the goal, or, only need suitably to shorten a churning time and also can achieve the goal during greater than 50 ℃ in temperature;
4) at last the solution that makes in step 3) is cast, film forming gets final product after the chloroform volatilization, and the thickness of the film of film forming is 100 μ m.
The water vapour permeability of the film that makes is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and is descended 81%, and OTR oxygen transmission rate is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and descended 86%.
Embodiment 8
A kind of preparation method of high-barrier nano cellulose composite material, it comprises the following steps:
1) preparation nano-cellulose, the crystal of described nano-cellulose is bar-shaped, spherical or the ellipsoid shape, and the length of this crystal is 30 ~ 250nm, diameter is 5 ~ 40nm; Prepare the method for nano-cellulose and be the method for conventional prior art.
2) with the nano-cellulose for preparing in step 1), get in the chloroformic solution of input 210g of 1g nano-cellulose and dissolve, and the chloroformic solution that will drop into nano-cellulose is placed in the ultrasonic wave separating apparatus nano-cellulose is disperseed, ultrasonic time is 30s;
3) subsequently in step 2) in add the L of 20g in the solution that makes, the D-poly(lactic acid), and magnetic stirs 60min at the temperature of 30 ℃, certainly in temperature during lower than 30 ℃, only needing to increase churning time also can achieve the goal, or, only need suitably to shorten a churning time and also can achieve the goal during greater than 50 ℃ in temperature;
4) at last the solution that makes in step 3) is cast, film forming gets final product after the chloroform volatilization, and the thickness of the film of film forming is 80 μ m.
The water vapour permeability of the film that makes is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and is descended 60%, and OTR oxygen transmission rate is compared with pure polyglycerol fatty acid ester film and descended 76%.
Above embodiment is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; the present invention is not limited only to above embodiment and has also allowed other structural changes; as: organic solvent is non-polar solvent acetone; during stirring in temperature during lower than 30 ℃; churning time can be for more than 60min, or in temperature during greater than 50 ℃, churning time can be less than 20min etc.; allly change in rights to independence claimed range of the present invention, all belong to protection domain of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. high-barrier nano cellulose composite material, it is characterized in that: it is made by the material of following components in weight percent:
Nano-cellulose 0.2% ~ 10%, polyglycerol fatty acid ester 90% ~ 99.8%; And when making as the organic solvent of carrier, the mass concentration of described nano-cellulose in organic solvent is in 20%; The crystal of described nano-cellulose is bar-shaped, spherical or the ellipsoid shape, and the length of this crystal is 30 ~ 250nm, and diameter is 5 ~ 40nm.
2. high-barrier nano cellulose composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described polyglycerol fatty acid ester is poly(lactic acid), polycaprolactone or PHA.
3. high-barrier nano cellulose composite material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described poly(lactic acid) is L, D-poly(lactic acid) or PLLA; Described PHA is poly 3-hydroxy butyrate.
4. high-barrier nano cellulose composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described organic solvent is polar solvent, described polar solvent is chloroform, methylene dichloride, tetracol phenixin or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
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