CN102406507A - Method for monitoring fatigue degree of driver based on human body physiological signal - Google Patents
Method for monitoring fatigue degree of driver based on human body physiological signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring fatigue degree of a driver based on a human body physiological signal, comprising a fatigue calibrating method and a fatigue detecting method. The calibrating method comprises the following steps of: collecting through a sensor and extracting pulse peak values and rates, heart rates and breathing rates N times within unit time to form a fatigue characteristic calibrating array; establishing the weight vector of each fatigue characteristic by using a main component analysis method; and adding weights into the calibrating array to construct a fatigue calibrating vector. The fatigue detecting method comprises the following steps of: adding the calibrated weights into a fatigue characteristic vector within unit time; calculating the Mahalanobis distance between the characteristic vector and the calibrating vector; judging the fatigue degree of the driver according to the distance dispersion degree of the Mahalanobis distance and early warning. In the invention, the fatigue characteristic of the driver is found on the basis of the traditional Chinese medicine theory by combining a modern signal processing method, and therefore, the method has remarkable societal and economic benefits and has important significance in reducing traffic accidents caused by fatigue driving.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fatigue monitoring method of a kind of driver of being used for, particularly online detection of the physiology signal when the driver drives and tired diagnostic method at driving procedure.
Background technology
In the reason of human death and morbidity, vehicle accident ranked nineth the position.Annual nearly 1,200,000 people in the whole world die wheel down, and driver's fatigue driving is to cause one of major reason of road traffic accident.The conservative estimation of American National instrument Transportation Security Administration, the annual vehicle accident that causes because of fatigue driving has 100,000 at least; Vehicle accident in the U.S. at least 18% in 2007 is caused by fatigue driving.20% of the annual road traffic death toll of Australia is caused by fatigue driving.France national police general administration accident report shows that the accident that causes because of fatigue driving accounts for 14.9% of personal injury accident, 20.6% of death by accident.In China, the vehicle accident that causes because of fatigue driving accounts for 20% of sum, 40%~80% of especially big vehicle accident, and the traffic mortality rate 83%.Fatigue driving with drive against traffic regulations, abominable road conditions, overload, braking ability and lack the passenger safety band and be called six big killers of car steering safety, directly or indirectly cause mass casualties and huge economic loss.Driving fatigue influences driver's vigilance and safe driving ability, worldwide causes widely to pay close attention to.The driver fatigue monitoring is the research content that improves vehicle active safety with the research of method for early warning.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of fatigue of automobile driver monitoring method based on physiology signal; In order in the car steering process, to detect driver's fatigue state; Comprise tired scaling method and detection method, main through gathering driver's physiology signal and modern signal processing method, extract the driver fatigue characteristic; And by mahalanobis distance diagnostic method identification degree of fatigue, two kinds of methods are all accomplished in monitoring system.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is: a kind of fatigue of automobile driver monitoring method based on physiology signal; It is characterized in that: adopt pulse, heart rate and respiration pickup to gather driver's physiology signals such as pulse, heart rate and breathing; Pulse frequency, peak value, heart rate and respiratory frequency signal are constituted the fatigue characteristic vector; Utilize the method for principal component analysis (PCA) to confirm its each feature weight, judge its degree of fatigue through the mahalanobis distance method.This method comprises scaling method and fatigue detecting method; Scaling method is accomplished when the driver drives certain model vehicle for the first time, and same driver accomplishes any time the fatigue detecting method demarcating later.A kind of principle of the fatigue of automobile driver monitoring system based on physiology signal is as shown in Figure 1.
Wherein said scaling method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, when the driver drives certain model vehicle for the first time, gather driver's physiology signals such as pulse, heart rate and breathing, through signal sampling, the discrete-time series of each acquired signal when obtaining the driver and driving for the first time;
Step 1.1, employing are installed on heart rate and the respiration pickup collection driver breath signal on the seat belt;
Step 1.2, employing are positioned the pulse transducer collection driver pulse signal of hand;
Step 2, pass through Fourier transformation, the pulse signal frequency content in the obtaining step 1;
Step 3, constitute with the frequency of the pulse signal in N unit interval and peak value, heart rate and respiratory frequency average and to demarcate matrix; N is 4 times; Unit interval is 60 seconds; The demarcation matrix is 4 * 4 square formation.
Step 4, to demarcating sample set, adopt the method for principal component analysis (PCA), obtain the principal component transform matrix and demarcate weight.
Step 4.1, the sample data of demarcating in the matrix is carried out centralization;
The eigenvalue and the characteristic vector of step 4.2, computer center's sample vector covariance matrix;
Step 4.3, select contribution rate biggest characteristic value character pair vector, i.e. the fatigue characteristic weight vector as the eigentransformation matrix;
Step 4.4, will demarcate in each parameter type of carrying out of sample set on average, obtain demarcating vector, and eigentransformation matrix premultiplication demarcated vector obtain fatigue criterion and demarcate vector.
Wherein said fatigue detecting method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, after demarcation, gather the physiology signals such as driver's pulse, heart rate and breathing in the time per unit, through signal sampling, obtain the discrete-time series of each acquired signal;
Step 1.1, employing are installed on heart rate and the respiration pickup collection driver breath signal on the seat belt;
Step 1.2, employing are positioned the pulse transducer collection driver pulse signal of hand;
Step 2, pass through Fourier transformation, the pulse signal frequency content in the obtaining step 1;
Step 3, vectorial with frequency and peak value, heart rate and the respiratory frequency average formation fatigue characteristic of the pulse signal in the time per unit;
Step 4, the demarcation weight that obtains in the said step 4 of scaling method is added to the fatigue characteristic vector;
Step 4.1, the fatigue characteristic weight vector premultiplication fatigue characteristic sample set that obtains is obtained the fatigue characteristic sample;
Step 5, to fatigue characteristic vector and tired its mahalanobis distance of vector calculation of demarcating;
Step 6, differentiate the fatigue of automobile driver degree apart from dispersion degree through it;
Step 6.1, resulting distance sample is carried out cluster analysis;
If in step 6.2 testing process, distance surpasses demarcates ultimate range between the sample, promptly exports early warning.
The present invention is owing to adopt the fatigue of automobile driver monitoring method based on physiology signal, and its key technology is to have designed the human physiological signal treatment analytical method based on theory of Chinese medical science; For adapting to the needs of online detection, adopt the method for principal component analysis to extract characteristic, adopt mahalanobis distance diagnostic method and clustering method that the driver fatigue degree is discerned.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that driver fatigue of the present invention is demarcated and testing process figure;
Fig. 2 is that driver fatigue monitoring method device of the present invention is arranged sketch map;
17-heart rate and respiration pickup among Fig. 2, the 18-pulse transducer.
The specific embodiment
In conjunction with accompanying drawing 1,2, specific embodiment of the present invention is explained:
Gather driver's pulse signal through pulse transducer;
Through being additional to heart rate and respiration pickup collection driver's heart rate signal and the breath signal on the seat belt.
In application process, be divided into and demarcate and two processes of fatigue detecting.
The process of demarcating mainly may further comprise the steps:
A, gather pulse, heart rate and breath signal, and pulse signal is carried out Fourier transformation;
B, through signal sampling, the discrete-time series of each acquired signal when obtaining the driver and driving for the first time;
C, constitute with the frequency of the pulse signal in N unit interval and peak value, heart rate and respiratory frequency average and to demarcate matrix;
D, to demarcating sample set, adopt the method for principal component analysis (PCA), obtain the principal component transform matrix and demarcate weight;
E, will demarcate in each parameter type of carrying out of sample set on average, obtain demarcating vector, and eigentransformation matrix premultiplication demarcated vector obtain fatigue criterion and demarcate vector.
The output result is the transformation matrix of principal component analysis and demarcates weight.Its concrete steps see also and shown in Figure 1ly are:
Get into calibration process 1; Pulse signal 2 when gathering first the driving under driver's waking state, heart rate signal 3 is inhaled signal 4; Pass through signal processing analysis; Pulse peak value and frequency, heart rate and respiratory frequency are combined into tired parameter calibration matrix 5, confirm its weight vector 6 through principal component analysis (PCA), and the directed amount 7 of fatigue criterion characteristic scalar and export fatigue detecting system to.
The fatigue detecting process mainly may further comprise the steps:
A, gather pulse, heart rate and breath signal, and pulse signal is carried out Fourier transformation;
B, through signal sampling, the discrete-time series of each acquired signal when obtaining the driver and driving for the first time;
C, constitute the fatigue characteristic matrix with the frequency of the pulse signal in N unit interval and peak value, heart rate and respiratory frequency average;
D, will detect the weight vector that obtains in the sample premultiplication calibration process, obtain the fatigue detecting sample characteristics;
E, the fatigue characteristic sample is asked its mahalanobis distance with demarcating vector, and according to its threshold value, the output judged result.
Its concrete steps are illustrated in figure 1 as:
Get into calibration process 8, the pulse signal 9 when gathering first the driving under driver's driving condition, heart rate signal 10; Breath signal 11 through signal processing analysis, is combined into tired parameter vector 12 with pulse peak value and frequency, heart rate and respiratory frequency; With detecting the weight vector that obtains in the sample premultiplication calibration process, obtain fatigue detecting sample characteristics 13, fatigue characteristic sample and demarcation vector are asked its mahalanobis distance 14; And according to its threshold value 15, output judged result to early warning 16.
Concrete principle and implementation method are following.
1, pulse, heart rate and breath signal have comprised the various physiological situations of human body, from pulse signal, can extract driver's fatigue characteristic, thereby reflect driver's fatigue conditions.Obtain the behavioral characteristics that the pulse pressure signal changes through temporal analysis and frequency domain analysis method.Temporal analysis is mainly found out the internal relation of some pulse condition characteristic and Human Physiology variation through analyzing main crest value.Frequency domain analysis mainly is through discrete fast Fourier transform, and the pulse wave curves of time domain is transformed to frequency domain, obtains the harmonic wave of different frequency characteristic, through the feature analysis to spectrum curve, extracts and the corresponding information of physiological pathology of human body.This method is simple and easy, and is directly perceived, each item index physiology univocal.
2, based on the weights of principal component analysis (PCA) and demarcate vectorial method for distilling.
Principal component analysis (Principal Component Analysis) method is calculated a new orthogonal basis for given data set, makes the projection of data on this new orthogonal basis change maximization.Among the present invention, adopt the PCA method to carry out that weights are confirmed and it is demarcated vector and confirms that its standard demarcates vector through this weights premultiplication.
Suppose s sample vector X
s=(x
1, x
2... x
n)
T, n is the dimension of sample vector.The meansigma methods
of at first obtaining all samples (N) is obtained the covariance matrix C of sample vector then:
C is a symmetrical matrix, can carry out diagonalization, and dimension is n * n.Calculate the eigenvalue of C
1, λ
2..., λ
nWith characteristic of correspondence vector u
1, u
2..., u
n, with the descending arrangement of each eigenvalue: λ
1>=λ
2>=...>=λ
nThe pairing eigenvalue of characteristic vector is big more, and its contribution when reconstruct is also big more, so can ignore the very little characteristic vector of those eigenvalues.Consider λ
1, λ
2..., λ
nIn before m biggest characteristic value, define variance contribution ratio and be:
The accumulative total variance contribution ratio of a current m principal component is enough big, and m principal component is as the sample characteristics vector after extracting before just can only getting.The computing formula of preceding m principal component is Y=U
TX
kU=(u wherein
1, u
2..., u
m), Y=(y
1, y
2..., y
m).
3, to meet mean vector be μ to the physiology signal sample of driver in driving procedure; Covariance is the normal distribution of V; Adopt mahalanobis distance to substitute original multicomponent signal sample; And, can satisfy the needs of online detection in the driving procedure according to discriminant by distance identification classification, accuracy of identification is higher.
Bidding is decided sample of signal and totally is G, and the distance of then any single sample X and overall G is that the distance table of X and average μ is shown D
2(X, G)=(X-μ) ' V
-1(X-μ)
Calculate fatigue detecting sample and the mahalanobis distance of demarcating sample among the present invention,, confirm threshold value W through the minimum error precision discrimination.Corresponding discriminating step is:
B. calculate the sample dispersion battle array of parent:
C. calculating the nothing of association's difference battle array estimates partially:
D. according to calculating each sample and the mahalanobis distance of demarcating sample, formulate following criterion according to getting threshold value W:
X ∈ G
1(fatigue state, output early warning) is when X>=W
X ∈ G
2(waking state, no abnormal) is when X<W
The present invention is owing to adopt the fatigue of automobile driver monitoring method based on physiology signal, and its identification degree is high, and system is easy to set up, and algorithm is easy to realize.Guaranteeing that different drivers at the individual difference of driving different vehicle simultaneously, provide a kind of method of automatic judgement fatigue driving.Explanation at last: above embodiment is the unrestricted technical scheme described in the invention in order to explanation the present invention only; Therefore, although this description has been carried out detailed explanation to the present invention with reference to each above-mentioned embodiment, but still can make amendment or be equal to replacement the present invention; Its technical scheme and improvement thereof all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the fatigue of automobile driver monitoring method based on physiology signal is characterized in that: adopt pulse, heart rate and respiration pickup to gather driver's physiology signals such as pulse, heart rate and breathing; Pulse frequency, peak value, heart rate and respiratory frequency signal are constituted the fatigue characteristic vector, utilize principal component analytical method (PCA) to confirm each feature weight, judge its degree of fatigue through the mahalanobis distance method; This method comprises tired scaling method and detection method; Scaling method is accomplished when the driver drives certain model vehicle for the first time, and same driver accomplishes any time the fatigue detecting method demarcating later;
Wherein said scaling method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, when the driver drives certain model vehicle for the first time, gather driver's physiology signals such as pulse, heart rate and breathing, through signal sampling, the discrete-time series of each acquired signal when obtaining the driver and driving for the first time;
Step 2, pass through Fourier transformation, the pulse signal frequency content in the obtaining step 1;
Step 3, constitute with the frequency of the pulse signal in N unit interval and peak value, heart rate and respiratory frequency average and to demarcate matrix;
Step 4, to demarcating sample set, adopt the method for principal component analysis (PCA), obtain the principal component transform matrix and demarcate weight;
Wherein said fatigue detecting method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, after demarcation, gather the physiology signals such as driver's pulse, heart rate and breathing in the time per unit, through signal sampling, obtain the discrete-time series of each acquired signal;
Step 2, pass through Fourier transformation, the pulse signal frequency content in the obtaining step 1;
Step 3, vectorial with frequency and peak value, heart rate and the respiratory frequency average formation fatigue characteristic of the pulse signal in the time per unit;
Step 4, the demarcation weight that obtains in the said step 4 of scaling method is added to the fatigue characteristic vector;
Step 5, to fatigue characteristic vector and tired its mahalanobis distance of vector calculation of demarcating;
Step 6, differentiate the fatigue of automobile driver degree apart from dispersion degree, and carry out early warning through it.
2. the fatigue of automobile driver monitoring method based on physiology signal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described step 1 of tired scaling method and detection method also comprises:
Step 1.1, employing are installed on heart rate and the respiration pickup collection driver breath signal on the seat belt;
Step 1.2, employing are positioned the pulse transducer collection driver pulse signal of hand.
3. the fatigue of automobile driver monitoring method based on physiology signal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described step 3 of scaling method also comprises: pulse peak value and frequency, heart rate and the respiratory frequency of extracting N unit interval constitute fatigue characteristic demarcation matrix; N is 4 times; Unit interval is 60 seconds; The demarcation matrix is 4 * 4 square formation.
4. the fatigue of automobile driver monitoring method based on physiology signal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described step 4 of scaling method also comprises:
Step 4.1, the sample data of demarcating in the matrix is carried out centralization;
The eigenvalue and the characteristic vector of step 4.2, computer center's sample vector covariance matrix;
Step 4.3, select contribution rate biggest characteristic value character pair vector, i.e. the fatigue characteristic weight vector as the eigentransformation matrix;
Step 4.4, will demarcate in each parameter type of carrying out of sample set on average, obtain demarcating vector, and eigentransformation matrix premultiplication demarcated vector obtain fatigue criterion and demarcate vector.
5. the fatigue of automobile driver monitoring method based on physiology signal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described step 4 of fatigue detecting method also comprises:
Step 4.1, the fatigue characteristic weight vector premultiplication fatigue characteristic sample set that obtains is obtained the fatigue characteristic sample.
6. the fatigue of automobile driver monitoring method based on physiology signal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described step 6 of fatigue detecting method also comprises:
Step 6.1, resulting distance sample is carried out cluster analysis;
If in step 6.2 testing process, distance surpasses the ultimate range of demarcating between the sample, early warning at once.
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