CN102401988B - Device for realizing foldback panoramic and telescopic combination imaging by using non-spherical reflector and method thereof - Google Patents
Device for realizing foldback panoramic and telescopic combination imaging by using non-spherical reflector and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102401988B CN102401988B CN 201110386365 CN201110386365A CN102401988B CN 102401988 B CN102401988 B CN 102401988B CN 201110386365 CN201110386365 CN 201110386365 CN 201110386365 A CN201110386365 A CN 201110386365A CN 102401988 B CN102401988 B CN 102401988B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for realizing foldback panoramic and telescopic combination imaging by using non-spherical reflector and a method thereof. A light ray from an object point is reflected by the non-spherical reflector and is refracted on an image surface along with an imaging lens to form an annular belt image; and the other light ray from the object point moves downwardly to a telescope set and an imaging lens set coaxially arranged after being reflected by the reflector and is imaged in a central blind area of the annular belt image surface to form a locally amplified image. Two image surfaces are clearly imaged on the same plane and are not mutually overlapped by changing curvature of each lens of the telescope set, curvature radius of each lens of the imaging lens set and distance between the two lens sets. The device uses the optical system formed by combining two coaxial lens sets to image the same object point in the annular belt object space into the central blind area and the annular belt image surface respectively, so that original area of the center wasted by self imaging of camera is utilized, and panoramic and telescopic functions are realized while single sensor is used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the lens imaging devices and methods therefor, can realize panorama observation and the part two kinds of functions of amplification of looking in the distance by single-sensor.
Background technology
Panoramic imaging techniques based on refraction-reflection is a kind of imaging technique that combines traditional camera and catoptron.It utilizes catoptron that the light reflection of large visual field is become the less light in visual field, thereby only need common camera and camera lens can realize the large-scale target monitoring of panorama, be different from the refraction type panorama system, this kind structure is fit to the panorama zone in space, 360 °, rear of monitoring detector.More continuous sphere or the conical surface of employing of this type of panorama system realized the collection of wide angle rays as catoptron.Zigzag type panoramic imagery optical system has the visual field large, simple in structure, be easy to the characteristics such as realization, being applicable to security protection supervision, robot vision, self-navigation etc. needs the application of large visual field panorama observation, but the disadvantage of its existence is camera lens directly places facing to catoptron vertically upward, visual field in the middle of it will certainly reflex to the pattern of camera lens in the imaging region of camera lens, and this part zone is wasted for the utilization factor of image planes valid pixel.Generally can only dwindle the size of camera lens in order to reduce this part in the shared size of image planes, but in order to guarantee that sensor receives enough logical light quantities, the diameter of camera lens can not unconfinedly dwindle, currently used mode is removed this part imaging region by software often, forms endless belt image planes.On the other hand, panoramic optical systems is due to the characteristic of its super wide-angle, the image planes magnification is less, if will realize local the amplification to certain zone on the endless belt picture, a kind of mode is to adopt sensor larger or that picture element density is higher, this mode can not central lens is shared the image planes area reducing, and the volume of total system can become larger, manufacturing cost and manufacture difficulty all can increase greatly; Another kind method is to increase in addition in its vicinity by a cover telescope optical system as auxiliary, but can cause like this system complexity to increase, and because there is the visual field that also can take part in image planes in it, form vision dead zone in certain angle, want in addition the difficulty of its fast steering panorama system image planes area-of-interest also larger, therefore real-time is relatively poor, and compactedness that can't implementation structure.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of imaging region that utilizes central authorities of refractive and reflective panorama system to be wasted by lens imaging is provided, use single detector just can realize the panorama combined imaging devices and methods therefor of looking in the distance.
be provided with in turn reflective mirror on optical axis, the telescope group, non-spherical reflector, imaging lens group and test surface, the focal length of telescope group is 90mm ~ 100mm, the focal length of imaging lens group is 10mm ~ 15mm, the airspace, center of telescope group and imaging lens group is 80mm ~ 100mm, the external diameter of non-spherical reflector is 100mm ~ 120mm, the central through hole diameter is 20mm ~ 30mm, the circular cone coefficient is-1.5 ~-2.0, radius-of-curvature is 150mm ~ 200mm, convex surface is placed down, lower surface plating reflectance coating, be used for reflection ray, reflective mirror can rotate on optical axis, light is imported telescope group and the imaging lens group of below.
the non-spherical reflector that utilizes of described device is realized the Zigzag type panorama combined imaging method of looking in the distance, it is characterized in that light passes through the reflection of reflective mirror, the telescope group, form a center imaging circle after the refraction of imaging lens group on test surface, form the endless belt image planes at test surface after the non-spherical reflector reflection of light process and the refraction of imaging lens group, the light that object point P sends is through the reflective mirror reflection, the refraction of telescope group, pass the non-spherical reflector center pit, finally by crossing the dioptric imaging of imaging lens group in the center of test surface imaging circle, form the first picture point P1, image in after the second light process non-spherical reflector reflection that object point P sends and the refraction of imaging lens group in the endless belt image planes on test surface, form the second picture point P2, by changing the focal length of telescope group, the focal length of imaging lens group, both centre distance, the circular cone coefficient of non-spherical reflector and its radius-of-curvature make the external diameter of center imaging circle less than the internal diameter of endless belt image planes endless belt image planes, the formation method clearly all of the picture on two image planes simultaneously.
Utilization of the present invention is positioned at telescope group and the Zigzag type omnidirectional imaging system on same optical axis, the center pixel of originally being wasted by self imaging of camera lens in the refraction-reflection panorama system is taken full advantage of, interested zone in the endless belt picture is formed the picture of an amplification by the reflective mirror above it and telescope group in shared imaging area by camera lens at former center, thereby only use single-sensor namely to realize panorama and the dual-use function of looking in the distance.This system has made up the greatest drawback in the panorama system due to the central invalid imaging region that has effectively utilized reflective panorama system to be wasted, and has realized the maximization of sensor valid pixel utilization factor.This panorama imaging system of looking in the distance has following features: 1) utilized the waste zone that causes due to camera lens self imaging on image planes; 2) use a cover optical system namely to realize panorama and the dual-use function of looking in the distance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 utilizes non-spherical reflector to realize the Zigzag type panorama combined imaging device schematic diagram of looking in the distance;
Fig. 2 is the image planes figure of test surface of the present invention;
In figure: optical axis 1, reflective mirror 2, telescope group 3, non-spherical reflector 4, imaging lens group 5, test surface 6, endless belt image planes 7, center imaging circle 8, article one light 9, second light 10, non-spherical reflector center pit 11, object point P, the first picture point P1, the second picture point P2.
Embodiment
as Fig. 1, shown in 2, utilize non-spherical reflector to realize that the Zigzag type panorama combined imaging device of looking in the distance is: to be provided with in turn reflective mirror 2 on optical axis 1, telescope group 3, non-spherical reflector 4, imaging lens group 5 and test surface 6, the focal length of telescope group 3 is 90mm ~ 100mm, the focal length of imaging lens group 5 is 10mm ~ 15mm, the airspace, center of telescope group 3 and imaging lens group 5 is 80mm ~ 100mm, the external diameter of non-spherical reflector 4 is 100mm ~ 120mm, central through hole 11 diameters are 20mm ~ 30mm, the circular cone coefficient is-1.5 ~-2.0, radius-of-curvature is 150mm ~ 200mm, convex surface is placed down, lower surface plating reflectance coating, be used for reflection ray, reflective mirror 2 can rotate around optical axis 1, light is imported telescope group 3 and the imaging lens group 5 of below.
utilize non-spherical reflector to realize that the Zigzag type panorama combined imaging method of looking in the distance is: light is by the reflection of reflective mirror 2, telescope group 3, form a center imaging circle 8 after the refraction of imaging lens group 5 on test surface 6, form endless belt image planes 8 at test surface 6 after 4 reflections of light process non-spherical reflector and 5 refractions of imaging lens group, the light 9 that object point P sends is through reflective mirror 2 reflections, 3 refractions of telescope group, pass non-spherical reflector center pit 11, finally by crossing 5 dioptric imagings of imaging lens group in the center of test surface 6 imaging circle 8, form the first picture point P1, image in after second light 10 process non-spherical reflector 4 reflections that object point P sends and 5 refractions of imaging lens group in the endless belt image planes 7 on test surface 6, form the second picture point P2, by changing the focal length of telescope group 3, the focal length of imaging lens group 5, both centre distance, the circular cone coefficient of non-spherical reflector 4 and its radius-of-curvature make the external diameter of center imaging circle 7 less than the internal diameter of endless belt image planes endless belt image planes 8, the formation method clearly all of the picture on two image planes simultaneously.
due to the image plane center of Zigzag type panoramic imagery inevitably with the below lens imaging in image planes, utilization of the present invention utilizes the zone of this waste, the imaging region of the telescopic system that telescope group 3 and imaging lens group 5 be combined to form is just dropped in the zone line of endless belt picture of refraction-reflection omnidirectional imaging system, thereby the valid pixel of detector is fully utilized, can observe on every side all object points in 360 ° of regional visual fields by the imaging region of non-spherical reflector 4, if interested in a certain object point P, thereby can extrapolate it at field angle and the position angle of object space by the position of measurement object point on image planes, make it to turn to object point P by the optical axis 1 of controlling motor rotating mirror 2, article one, light 9 is backward lower to 3 refractions of telescope group through reflective mirror 2 reflections, pass again the central through hole 11 of non-spherical reflector 4, finally by crossing imaging lens group 5 dioptric imagings and the first picture point P1, this picture point is the picture that object point P becomes the second picture point P2 to amplify on endless belt through non-spherical reflector 4, so realized panorama and the dual-use function of looking in the distance by single sensor.
When non-spherical reflector 4 and imaging lens group 5 were made: at first design overall view ring belt optical system determined the interior ring of endless belt image planes 7 on its test surface 6 and kind and the quantity that outer ring diameter is determined optical glass, obtains its focal length; Then determine central openings size and the diameter of non-spherical reflector 4, design aspheric type, and complete the design of optical system in imaging lens group 5 combined optimizations.Each lens of imaging lens group 5 are worn into the shape of appointment, then polishing respectively plates by modes such as vacuum evaporations the light penetration that transmission film increases the surface at each plane of refraction.Non-spherical reflector becomes the continuous aspheric surface face type of appointment from adopting high-quality Al as starting material by the mode car of diamond turning, then get out the through hole of specifying size in the centre, and last plating reflectance coating increases its reflectivity.The wavelength of plated film is determined according to the centre wavelength of design.
when telescope group 3 is made: according to the imaging lens group 5 and the required magnification that have designed, kind and the structure of definite optical glass that will adopt, by change connect the curvature of telescope group 3 each lens front and rear surfaces and fore-and-aft clearance with and and imaging lens group 5 between distance, make image formation by rays that telescopic system that itself and imaging lens group 5 combine can come through catoptron 2 reflections on the image planes of imaging lens group 5 and non-spherical reflector 4 composition systems, simultaneously, if its image planes size just when not having central through hole imaging lens group 5 identical in the upper imaging size of image planes.So just can be with originally useless camera lens replace to telescopic system imaging face as it.After completing Optical System Design, each eyeglass that telescope group 3 comprises is worn into the shape of appointment, to the logical optical surface plating anti-reflection film of each sheet, increase the transmitance on surface, the wavelength of plated film is determined according to the centre wavelength of design.
The present invention can by setting up initial configuration, utilize the optical design software optimal design to complete the design of final system.When utilizing ZEMAX software to be optimized design, need at first design the optical texture of refraction-reflection omnidirectional imaging system, and for the transmission region of telescope group 3 stays enough spaces, and then the group 3 that designs a telescope, the combined optimization that at last both is grouped together is determined final structure.Can adopt transparent cylindrical glass such as quartz glass tube to do support between non-spherical reflector 4, telescope group 3 and reflective mirror 2, requirement can not be blocked the visual field.The motion that reflective mirror 2 uses around optical axis 1 rotation can be by computer control.
Claims (2)
1. one kind is utilized non-spherical reflector to realize the Zigzag type panorama combined imaging device of looking in the distance, it is characterized in that, be provided with in turn reflective mirror (2) on optical axis (1), telescope group (3), non-spherical reflector (4), imaging lens group (5) and test surface (6), the focal length of telescope group (3) is 90mm ~ 100mm, the focal length of imaging lens group (5) is 10mm ~ 15mm, the airspace, center of telescope group (3) and imaging lens group (5) is 80mm ~ 100mm, the external diameter of non-spherical reflector (4) is 100mm ~ 120mm, central through hole (11) diameter is 20mm ~ 30mm, the circular cone coefficient is-1.5 ~-2.0, radius-of-curvature is 150mm ~ 200mm, convex surface is placed down, lower surface plating reflectance coating, be used for reflection ray, reflective mirror (2) can rotate around optical axis (1), light is imported telescope group (3) and the imaging lens group (5) of below.
2. a use is installed as claimed in claim 1 utilizes non-spherical reflector to realize the Zigzag type panorama combined imaging method of looking in the distance, it is characterized in that light passes through the reflection of reflective mirror (2), telescope group (3), upward form a center imaging circle (8) at test surface (6) after the refraction of imaging lens group (5), light is rear in test surface (6) formation endless belt image planes (7) through non-spherical reflector (4) reflection and imaging lens group (5) refraction, the light (9) that object point P sends is through reflective mirror (2) reflection, telescope group (3) refraction, pass non-spherical reflector center pit (11), finally by crossing imaging lens group (5) dioptric imaging in the center of test surface (6) imaging circle (8), form the first picture point P1, image in after second light (10) process non-spherical reflector (4) reflection that object point P sends and imaging lens group (5) refraction in the endless belt image planes (7) on test surface (6), form the second picture point P2, by changing the focal length of telescope group (3), the focal length of imaging lens group (5), both centre distance, the circular cone coefficient of non-spherical reflector (4) and its radius-of-curvature make the external diameter of center imaging circle (8) less than the internal diameter of endless belt image planes (7), the formation method clearly all of the picture on two image planes simultaneously.
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| CN105357418A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-24 | 天津市协旭科技发展有限公司 | Aspheric 360-degree reflection imaging device and imaging method |
| CN105487332A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-04-13 | 上海大学 | Three-dimensional imaging device |
| CN108282632A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-07-13 | 北京机械设备研究所 | Panoramic video monitoring device and imaging method based on the device |
| CN110888216B (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2021-10-22 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Optical lens, lens module and terminal |
| CN111190274A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-05-22 | 浙江大学 | Double-channel image surface-sharing panoramic annular belt optical imaging device |
| CN114185243A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-15 | 浙江大学 | Non-blind-area multi-view panoramic stereo imaging device |
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