CN102400768A - Liquid-cooled combustion engine based on coolant and method for running the combustion engine - Google Patents
Liquid-cooled combustion engine based on coolant and method for running the combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN102400768A CN102400768A CN 201110208234 CN201110208234A CN102400768A CN 102400768 A CN102400768 A CN 102400768A CN 201110208234 CN201110208234 CN 201110208234 CN 201110208234 A CN201110208234 A CN 201110208234A CN 102400768 A CN102400768 A CN 102400768A
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- coolant
- freezing mixture
- temperature
- explosive motor
- separator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
- F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2025/00—Measuring
- F01P2025/08—Temperature
- F01P2025/32—Engine outcoming fluid temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2025/00—Measuring
- F01P2025/60—Operating parameters
- F01P2025/62—Load
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
- F01P2060/08—Cabin heater
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
- F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
- F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
- F01P7/165—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control characterised by systems with two or more loops
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a liquid-cooled combustion engine (1). The engine comprises at least one cylinder cover (2), a coolant circuit (3) and a heating circuit (9). The invention also relates to a method for running the engine (1). The internal combustion engine (1) provided in the invention has a liquid cooler which is designed to have good effects on the heat balances when the engine (1) is in a heating stage or in a heated state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of liquid cooling explosive motor, this explosive motor have at least one cylinder head and
-coolant circuit; It comprises that at least one is integrated in freezing mixture cover in the cylinder head, is used to the freezing mixture cover supplying tube of freezing mixture is provided, is used to derive the delivery line and the reflow pipe of freezing mixture; This reflow pipe goes out from the delivery line fork and can import according to the valve that temperature is controlled voluntarily the supplying tube via one; In this reflow pipe, be provided with heat exchanger, and
-heating circuit; It comprises supplying pipe; This supplying pipe goes out from the delivery line fork and imports the supplying tube via an internally piloted valve, in this supplying pipe, is provided with the heater by the freezing mixture operation, wherein; Internally piloted valve has and impacted by freezing mixture and can Yin Wendu and the element that reacts, and said reflow pipe can be according to the coolant temperature T on this element
Coolant, valveDifference and link to each other with supplying tube or separate, in contrast, supplying pipe then can not separate through valve and supplying tube.
In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of method that is used to move this type of explosive motor.
Background technique
The explosive motor of the above-mentioned type can be used as the for example driver of vehicle.In principle, the cooler of explosive motor can be designed to ventilation type or liquid cooling.Because liquid has higher thermal capacitance, therefore compare the liquid cooler obvious more heat that can dissipate with flow through cooler.
The heat load of motor is in continuous increase.This point is also owing in explosive motor, constantly increasing the part of packing into (its objective is and make its encapsulation compactness as far as possible) and integrated increasing such as parts such as gas exhaust manifolds in cylinder head or cylinder block; Thereby make motor, that is the heat load of explosive motor increases.
Therefore, under existing technology,, explosive motor becomes more and more common for being equipped with liquid cooler.
Liquid cooler requires cylinder head to be equipped with the freezing mixture outer cover, that is to say, is equipped with to use so that the ooling channel of freezing mixture stream process cylinder head.Heat needn't need at first be delivered to cylinder head surface so that leave as in flow through cooler.Heat promptly has been discharged in the freezing mixture in cylinder head inside, and said freezing mixture normally is mixed with the water of additive.In addition, freezing mixture is to utilize the pump in the supplying tube that is placed in coolant circuit to promote, thereby it is that circulation circulates.The heat that is discharged in the freezing mixture is drawn via delivery line from cylinder head inside in this way; And outside at cylinder head, from freezing mixture, this heat taken away again (this point can realize through different modes).As cylinder head, cylinder block also can assemble one or more freezing mixture covers.
Coolant circuit becomes complete through reflow pipe, and this reflow pipe goes out from the delivery line fork and imports supplying tube, and heated freezing mixture is back to the freezing mixture input end through this reflow pipe in cylinder head.Delivery line and supplying tube need not to be the conduit on the practical significance, and it can be the part of freezing mixture cover, also can be designed as the form that freezing mixture gets into shell or freezing mixture discharge shell.
In reflow pipe, be provided with heat exchanger, it is used for once more heat being taken away from freezing mixture.For under all running statees; Particularly all can enough big air mass flow be provided to heat exchanger in stationary vehicle and under only with the running state of low speed driving; And auxiliary heat exchange in principle; The cooling system of new-type vehicle drive unit has assembled powerful fan electromotor more and more, and said fan electromotor drives fan wheel makes blast fan be in the rotation in other words.The common electricity consumption of fan electromotor is used as power, and according to different loads or rotating speed, fan electromotor preferably should be able to obtain stepless control.
Freezing mixture can reach after heat is further utilized after the cylinder head of flowing through (promptly in the cylinder head downstream), just is pulled away.
In explosive motor involved in the present invention, be provided with the heater by freezing mixture operation, this heater is utilized in that heated freezing mixture makes the atmosphere temperature rising that is input in the vehicle cab in the cylinder head, and the temperature of freezing mixture is descended.
Heating circuit comprises going out from delivery line fork and importing the supplying pipe the supplying tube, in this supplying pipe, is provided with the heater by the freezing mixture operation.
Therefore, heated freezing mixture in cylinder head, its heat not only can be present in the heat exchanger of cooling circuit, but also can when flowing through heating circuit, be pulled away.Therefore, heating circuit also can be called as little No. one cooling circuit coolant circuit in other words.Even so; But within the scope of the invention; Even if two loops have utilized identical pipeline partially; Like supplying tube and delivery line, but conceptive its premiere feature still to the coolant circuit that utilizes the cools down cylinder head be used for heating the heating circuit that is input to the air in the inner space and done differentiation.
The purpose of liquid cooler and task are not to be under all operating conditionss, to be the explosive motor heat as much as possible that dissipates.Or rather; The stress rooting comes liquid cooler is controlled according to needs; Except the oepration at full load state of explosive motor; Also will consider this type of running state of explosive motor when implementing control, promptly in said running state, it is favourable from explosive motor, taking away less the least possible in other words heat.
What should consider in this case is need strive in principle the fuel consumption of explosive motor is reduced to minimum level.And except improving burning, that is to say except make burning more efficient, it is also extremely important to reduce friction horsepower.For the latter, machine oil is heated up rapidly, machine oil is heated up rapidly conform with purpose.Rapid heating machine oil can correspondingly reduce engine oil viscosity apace when explosive motor is in hot machine state, has consequently reduced friction or friction horsepower, particularly between the bearing of supplying with organic oil, like friction in the crankshaft bearing or friction horsepower.
In the prior art, thus disclosing that several reduce to rub with rapid heating machine oil is the different designs scheme of target.For machine oil, for example can utilizing, the external heat device carries out the active heating.But heating equipment but is extra customer for the fuel input, and this opposes with the target that reduces burnup.Be to design like this in other design proposals; Be about to be stored in the heat-insulated container so that exercise usefulness during in cold start-up again at the heated machine oil of run duration; In this case, those can not remain high temperature in the time at endless at the heated machine oil of run duration.According to another design proposal, be used for carrying the machine oil cooler of freezing mixture during hot machine state, to be made his usefulness in addition, promptly be used for heating machine oil, still, this design will be a prerequisite with the rapid heating freezing mixture still but.
In principle, reduce friction horsepower thereby also help rapid intensification of machine oil through rapid heating explosive motor self, the least possible heat that leaves then helps during the hot machine state of explosive motor, promptly impels the rapid intensification of explosive motor self.
Thus, the instance that the hot machine stage of explosive motor after cold start-up is a kind of like this operating mode under this kind operating mode, is taken away heat as few as possible in explosive motor, and it is favourable preferably not taking away heat.
For explosive motor is rapidly heated, can control liquid cooler, so that after cold start-up, reduce heat radiation; And can realize that said valve often is called thermostat in the prior art for short according to the valve that temperature is controlled voluntarily through using to liquid cooler control.
This internally piloted valve has and impacted by freezing mixture and can Yin Wendu and the element that reacts, in this case, looks the coolant temperature T on this element
Coolant, valveAnd decide, reflow pipe or utilize the open position of valve to connect together with supplying tube, or utilize the closed position of valve and break off with supplying tube.The supplying pipe of heating circuit and supplying tube are connected with in the centre under the situation of internally piloted valve and link together with the mode of not breaking off.
For make from the freezing mixture of heating circuit can impact when the valve closing above-mentioned can the aitiogenic element of Yin Wendu on, supplying pipe need pass valve.When valve closing, for example after cold start-up, freezing mixture be prevented from flowing through coolant circuit and heat exchanger, thereby will in heating circuit, circulate, at this moment, the freezing mixture in the heating circuit will impact meeting Yin Wendu and the aitiogenic element on the valve.Because valve closing, the freezing mixture that flows through cylinder head reduces, and therefore, on the one hand, the heat transmission that realizes through convection current has reduced, and on the other hand, measuring less relatively and free coolant circulating can be by heating quickly.Because coolant circuit shuts down, and in cooler, can not dispel the heat.
If be circulated in freezing mixture in the heating circuit at meeting Yin Wendu and the temperature T on the aitiogenic element
Coolant, valveMeet or exceed certain critical temperature T
Coolant, valve, therhold, then valve will be opened, and reflow pipe will be communicated with supplying tube.At this moment, freezing mixture through valve from coolant circuit flow into the supplying tube and with mix mutually from the stream of the freezing mixture in the heating circuit.The coolant flow that flows through cylinder head increases, and therefore the heat that is pulled away from cylinder head also increases, in this case, and the temperature T of freezing mixture
CoolantOwing to the extra and colder freezing mixture of having sneaked into from coolant circuit descends, will inevitably cause producing between freezing mixture and the cylinder head the bigger temperature difference like this.
It should be noted that said element receives the impact of the total freezing mixture stream that is formed by two strands of freezing mixture streams admixed together in valve; If temperature drops under the said critical temperature, then this total freezing mixture stream will cause valve to be closed again.Thermostat can repeatedly open and close in the hot machine stage usually.After the explosive motor cold start-up, the circulate coolant in the heating circuit is stopped fully, that is to say to make freezing mixture thoroughly stop to flow that so that the heat radiation that termination takes place owing to convection current, this possibly be favourable.Like this, freezing mixture will be at least can not flow in beginning in the hot machine stage, and can stop in the freezing mixture cover of pipeline and cylinder head, will further accelerate freezing mixture heating and explosive motor temperature-rise period like this.Such control will will be played extra promoting effect for the heating of machine oil, thereby further reduce friction horsepower.
In addition; Should make control realize following purpose in principle for liquid cooler as far as possible; Promptly not only can make the hot machine coolant circulating amount coolant flow minimizing in other words in the stage after cold start-up; Thereby accelerate the intensification of freezing mixture and machine oil, but also can the explosive motor thermal equilibrium that be heated to running temperature be exerted an influence.
First improvement project of the controlling method of aforesaid liquid cooler is design like this: promptly utilize the thermostat of regulating by combined characteristic to substitute traditional thermostat; The characteristics of tradition thermostat are that it opens temperature is actual, unmodifiable; Different with it is; The characteristics of the thermostat of regulating by combined characteristic are, can make it possess the virtual unlatching temperature by the combined characteristic decision by electric heater.
Therefore; The above-mentioned valve of controlling voluntarily according to coolant temperature is also replaced by the valve of being controlled according to peculiar combined characteristic by engine controlling unit; Like this; The size of freezing mixture stream and be transformable by heat and coolant temperature that freezing mixture is taken away, but also can regulate them as required.
Special give birth to the thermostat that curve is regulated according to comprehensive, that is valve, have equally and impacted by freezing mixture and can Yin Wendu and the element that reacts, this element has the unlatching temperature that is determined by member equally.But, can Yin Wendu and aitiogenic element can utilize electric power to heat, thereby thermostat not only receives dominant coolant temperature T on element
CoolantControl, but also receive the control of supplying with by the electric heater or the energy of engine control.When utilizing the heater heats element, for this element applies virtual coolant temperature, this virtual temperature is higher than in esse coolant temperature on this element from the outside.
The thermostat that employing is controlled by combined characteristic, can with by unlatching temperature applications that member determined in the sub load operating condition, so that under this sub load operating condition, make coolant temperature reach 95 ℃ to 110 ℃ scope.Under the bigger situation of load; This high that uncommon unlatching temperature is unacceptable, therefore, when load increases; Need be by electric heater; That is to say through the mode of introducing electric energy it is adjusted, opened when the temperature that makes thermostat on element, exist is low, for example during the temperature in freezing mixture reaches 85 ℃ to 95 ℃ scopes that are applicable to higher load in the ordinary course of things.
Have changeless, must under various load conditions, work by the internally piloted valve of the unlatching temperature of member decision; Therefore it must have the unlatching temperature that is designed to be fit to high-load condition; It is relatively low that this opens temperature, even and if make freezing mixture under the sub load operating condition, also have lower temperature.
For different load condition adopts different coolant temperatures is very favorable, this be because, the heat transmission in the cylinder head is not the influence of the amount of coolant that only receives to be flowed through, it mainly also receives the influence of the temperature difference between member and the freezing mixture.
Under the operation at part load state, the temperature of freezing mixture is high more, means that then the temperature difference between freezing mixture and the cylinder head is more little.The result who causes thus is exactly that when low-load and moderate-duty service, heat transfer gets seldom.So just improved the efficient under the operation at part load state.Because explosive motor is normally operated in the sub load scope, therefore, also help reducing the friction horsepower of hot machine in the stage through improving coolant temperature after cold start-up.
As replenishing to the various embodiments that press the thermostat that combined characteristic regulates; Should be noted that; Be to design like this in disclosed each embodiment of existing technology; In case promptly cooler is opened coolant circuit, thermostat just stops freezing mixture in less coolant circuit (like heating circuit), to circulate.
The thermostat cost of pressing the combined characteristic adjusting is very high, thereby has hindered it and in volume production, used in a large number.Another shortcoming of this kind thermostat is that control is complicated; This shortcoming is embodied in the following situation; Promptly when electric heater lost efficacy or was out of order; Valve is only at Yin Wendu and the freezing mixture on the aitiogenic element reaches higher relatively and could realize unlatching during by the unlatching temperature of member decision, and in this case, explosive motor bears too high heat load possibly.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, theme of the present invention is a kind of explosive motor equally, and the liquid cooler of this kind explosive motor is equipped with the valve that can control voluntarily according to coolant temperature, and the characteristics of said valve are to have actual, unmodifiable unlatching temperature.
Under the above-mentioned background technology; Target of the present invention provides a kind of like the disclosed liquid cooling explosive motor of the application; The liquid cooler of this explosive motor is designed to and can the thermal equilibrium of the explosive motor that is in the hot machine stage can be exerted an influence to the thermal equilibrium of heated explosive motor again in an advantageous manner.
Another sub-goal of the present invention is to illustrate a kind of method that is used to move said type explosive motor.
Above-mentioned first sub-goal realizes through a kind of like this liquid cooling explosive motor, this kind explosive motor have at least one cylinder head and
-coolant circuit; It comprises that at least one is integrated in freezing mixture cover in the cylinder head, is used to the freezing mixture cover supplying tube of freezing mixture is provided, is used to derive the delivery line and the reflow pipe of freezing mixture; This reflow pipe goes out from delivery line fork and via importing according to the valve that temperature is controlled voluntarily the supplying tube; Be provided with heat exchanger in this reflow pipe, and
-heating circuit; It comprises supplying pipe; This supplying pipe goes out from the delivery line fork and imports the supplying tube via internally piloted valve, in this supplying pipe, is provided with the heater by the freezing mixture operation, wherein; This internally piloted valve has the freezing mixture of receiving impact and Yin Wendu and aitiogenic element, and reflow pipe can be according to the coolant temperature T on this element
Coolant, valveDifference and link to each other with supplying tube or separate, in contrast, supplying pipe then can not separate through valve and supplying tube.
This kind explosive motor is characterised in that,
-at the upper reaches of internally piloted valve, in the supplying pipe of heating circuit, being provided with the separator that can control by electric power, this separator can be by the temperature T of engine controller according to freezing mixture
CoolantControl.
Explosive motor according to the present invention has the separator that can be controlled by electric power in supplying pipe, utilize this separator can after the hot machine stage finishes, the heat transmission in the countercylinder lid exert an influence again in the hot machine stage.
Closed separator after cold start-up will stop freezing mixture in heating circuit, to circulate.Therefore freezing mixture stream stop fully, and this is because because the low and valve closing of coolant temperature, thereby make the heat exchanger that freezing mixture does not begin to have flowed through the cooler effect as yet.
Through this mode that closed separator after cold start-up makes the freezing mixture in the cylinder head stop to flow, accelerated the process that freezing mixture heats up and explosive motor heats.Because the heat that in cylinder head, is dissipated has reduced, thereby makes that also machine oil heats up at faster speed.Thus, just reduced friction horsepower, thereby fuel consumption has been produced favorable influence.
Through separator is suitably controlled, even if after the hot machine stage finishes, also can flow freezing mixture, that is coolant flow exerts an influence, and thereby influence coolant temperature and be heated after the thermal equilibrium of explosive motor.
For the explosive motor of preheating, in this way, even (opposite with existing technology) adopted internally piloted valve and do not adopted the valve of regulating by combined characteristic, also can make freezing mixture be directed against different load conditions and realize different temperature.
Can improve the coolant temperature under the operation at part load state according to explosive motor of the present invention, thereby improve its efficient under the operation at part load state.
For this reason, separator is opened with batch process under low-load and moderate duty state, in this case, and very brief ground of open and close state alternate.Therefore, separator is not to continue to open.Opening state is closed state and interrupts.
For specifically how controlling separator, particularly how to open separator rhythmically with mode intermittently according to coolant temperature, will combine to be elaborated according to the method for the invention.Particularly such a liquid cooling explosive motor is favourable, and in this explosive motor, separator can be by the temperature T of engine controller according to the freezing mixture in the coolant circuit
Coolant, circuitControl.Implement this control, need combined characteristic be stored in the engine controller.
Therefore, explosive motor according to the present invention has been realized the of the present invention first basic sub-goal.Explosive motor provided by the present invention, its liquid cooler are designed to and can the thermal equilibrium of the explosive motor that is in the hot machine stage can be exerted an influence to the thermal equilibrium of heated explosive motor again in an advantageous manner.
The design proposal that the present invention proposes also is applicable to upgrades to existing explosive motor on the market.
Except coolant circuit and heating circuit, can also design other loops or heat exchanger.
Inlet end at explosive motor is provided with charge air cooler (Ladeluftk ü hler) usually.This charge air cooler reduces the temperature of incoming mixture of fresh air or the suction of suction, and the density of cylinder fresh charge is increased.In this way, this cooler helps to fill with air or incoming mixture to the firing chamber better.The supercharging type explosive motor generally all is equipped with charge air cooler.
Utilize charge air cooler to cool off air inlet, at first help the power that promotes explosive motor.Therefore the necessary air of combustion process, all can inject the more air amount for each cylinder owing to cooling is compressed in each work cycle.Just can increase fuel quantity thus, and increase intermediate pressure (Mitteldruck) thus.
In addition, the modern ic motor more and more fit on ERG (AGR).In order to observe pollutant emission limit in the future; Discharged nitrous oxides limit value particularly, exhaust gas recirculation (that is to say from the exhaust end of explosive motor be back to be recycled to inlet end in other words with the gas after the burning) is counted as the means with decision meaning.Because the formation of nitrogen oxide not only needs excessive air, but also needs high temperature, therefore, the thinking that reduces discharged nitrous oxides is the lower explosive motor of a kind of FT of development, and exhaust gas recirculation just is a kind of means that reduce temperature.
The raising ER EGR Rate can significantly reduce the discharging of nitrogen oxide.Here, ER EGR Rate x
AGRConfirm by following formula: x
AGR=m
AGR/ (m
AGR+ m
Frischluft), wherein, m
AGRThe quality of the waste gas that is refluxed, and m
FrischluftThen representative is injected into and maybe compressed fresh air or the quality of air inlet.
For reaching the purpose of remarkable reduction nitrogen oxide emission, need high ER EGR Rate, its big or small x
AGRShould be able to be between 50% to 70%, i.e. x
AGR≈ 50%-70%.For realizing so high recirculation rate, must the waste gas that needs reflux be cooled off, that is to say, must come compressed exhaust gas through cooling, thereby increase the density of EGR gas.Therefore, explosive motor need be equipped additional cooling unit with the cooling EGR gas.
Other coolers can also be set,, especially be used for cooling off the hydraulic oil that is applied in the controlling device that to control with hydraulic way or is used for assisted diversion in order to cool off the transmission oil in the automatic transmission case for example and/or to be used for cooling off hydraulic oil.
Though it is favourable in principle that machine oil is heated up after cold starting as soon as possible; But the machine oil of the explosive motor of preheating needs cooling usually; This is because the overheated meeting of machine oil causes its premature aging, and can make its lubrication property variation.
For oily temperature is maintained on the maximum permissible level; It usually is not enough utilizing transmission of heat and natural convection mode to dispel the heat through oil pan, thereby oil cooler need be set, and this oil cooler can be used to carry freezing mixture; That is to say that this oil cooler uses freezing mixture to dispel the heat as machine oil.In addition, be used for carrying the oil cooler of freezing mixture that this possibility also is provided, promptly utilize freezing mixture to heat machine oil in the hot machine stage.
These embodiments of explosive motor, i.e. the embodiment that is arranged side by side of oil cooler and heater by freezing mixture operation, and oil cooler and the embodiment that the heater that is moved by freezing mixture is successively arranged are favourable.
The embodiment of the explosive motor that other are favourable will combine the disclosure to describe.
Such explosive motor embodiment is favourable: promptly in explosive motor, be provided with and can confirm coolant temperature T by surveying
CoolantSensor.The coolant temperature that utilizes sensor to determine is provided for engine controller as input parameter.
In the present invention, utilize sensor and confirm coolant temperature T through surveying
CoolantBe unchallenged, this be because, compare with the high temperature of gas after the burning, even if in the explosive motor of preheating, the temperature of freezing mixture also is appropriate.In addition, the cooling circuit of explosive motor also provides the possible scheme of multiple sensor installation, that is to say and can sensor be installed in a plurality of positions, and can not influence the functional of liquid cooler.
Calculation method through only utilizing simulation (wherein also adopting dynamic thermal modeling and dynamic model to confirm the reaction heat that is generated during the burning) is confirmed coolant temperature; Though it is feasible in principle; But from helping practicing thrift the viewpoint of measures of cost; But not the optimal way of current definite temperature,, particularly do not need sensor although analog computation does not need miscellaneous part.Utilize the determined coolant temperature T of simulation means
CoolingBe an approximative value, it may have a negative impact to the control of quality of liquid cooler.
In order to estimate coolant temperature T
Cooling, also can use part temperatures, particularly cylinder head temperature, this temperature can be surveyed through for example surveying equally.According to this change example, the temperature of freezing mixture can utilize other temperature to confirm indirectly, and this is another feasible program of confirming coolant temperature in principle.
If utilize sensor to survey coolant temperature, then such embodiment is favourable, the transducer arrangements that is about to be used to survey coolant temperature with the be separated by adjacent position in outlet port of at least one cylinder head of coolant circuit.
According to previous embodiment; With the downstream of transducer arrangements at cylinder head; Directly be arranged in the zone of freezing mixture exhaust port of cylinder head; Can guarantee to detect the following locational temperature at cooling circuit like this, promptly freezing mixture is because the cylinder head and absorbed heat of flowing through on this position, thereby its temperature is existing obviously promotes.This is favourable, but should be adjusted in other words on its maximum permitted value because coolant temperature usually is adjusted to.
Consider aforementioned viewpoint, the temperature that especially preferably freezing mixture in the cooling circuit is reached that position of maximum temperature is measured.From identical reason; Such change example; Be that near the change example that sensor is disposed in the highest point of coolant circuit or freezing mixture cover also is favourable because be evaporated cross the highest point that hot coolant accumulates in the loop, and preferably there cooling circuit is implemented to ventilate.
Become example according to an optional method, be used to survey coolant temperature T
CoolantSensor also can be disposed in coolant circuit and get near the ingress of at least one cylinder head.
In addition, the entering temperature of freezing mixture also can be used for confirming, promptly is used for estimating at other locational coolant temperature T of cooling circuit
Coolant
In principle, thus can detect the temperature of a certain position and this temperature conversion is used for confirming another locational coolant temperature with surveying.
Can know that from the elaboration of front such explosive motor embodiment is favourable, promptly be used for surveying coolant circuit coolant temperature T with the surveying mode
CoolantSensor be set at the upper reaches of heat exchanger at least one cylinder head downstream and the coolant circuit.
Such explosive motor embodiment is favourable; In these embodiments, be provided with ventilation duct; This ventilation duct imports in the supplying pipe at the upper reaches of separator, and portion is mounted with equalizing reservoir
within it
Statement of facts, the ventilation duct that connects in other words by the aforementioned manner guiding is extremely beneficial in the hot machine stage.According to the present invention, the purpose that separator is closed after cold start-up is to stop freezing mixture in heating circuit, to circulate, and still, this way also makes that freezing mixture has stopped flowing in the ventilation system simultaneously.Like this; Just further reduced the amount of coolant that can freely circulate and need heat in the hot machine stage, exactly, the amount that is reduced is equivalent to be present in ventilation circuit; Particularly be present in the amount of coolant in the equalizing reservoir, this reduction has 1 and is raised to 2 liters under individual cases.
Such explosive motor embodiment is favourable, and promptly the heat exchanger in the coolant circuit is a radiator.If heat exchanger is equipped with fan,, also can guarantee to have enough big air mass flow even if stop or speed of a motor vehicle when extremely slow at vehicle so.
Such explosive motor embodiment is favourable, is used to push the pump that freezing mixture gets up circulate coolant thereby promptly in supplying tube, be equipped with.
Such explosive motor embodiment is favourable, promptly can Yin Wendu and aitiogenic valve is wax element (Wachselement).
The of the present invention second basic sub-goal is promptly illustrated the method that is used to move one of the embodiment that mentions according to preamble described explosive motor, realizes through following method: according to the temperature T of freezing mixture
CoolantAnd the load p of explosive motor
MeSeparator to available power is controlled is implemented control, and said control is performed such, and promptly under the situation of low-load and moderate duty, after the hot machine stage finishes, promptly opens separator with batch process.
The explanation that relates to according to explosive motor of the present invention equally also is applicable to according to the method for the invention.
After the hot machine stage finishes, utilize the thermal equilibrium that can influence explosive motor according to the method for the invention, that is the heat transmission in the cylinder head.In order to confirm that the hot machine stage finishes, that is to say that the criterion that has satisfied in order to the primary precondition of confirming to start according to the method for the invention is pre-determined.
Predesignate such minimum temperature T
MinBe favourable, promptly only when freezing mixture reaches this minimum temperature, the hot machine stage just can be regarded as end.For comparison purposes, can this minimum temperature for example be stored in the engine controller.As optional or additional aspects, also can predesignate a time period, that is minimum running duration t
Min, explosive motor self-starting or the restarted said minimum running duration that must turn round at least that is to say, must after this minimum running duration, just can explosive motor be regarded as by preheating.
Similarly, can stipulate that which kind of load regarded as low-load and moderate duty, thereby clearly limit the sub load district be suitable for according to the method for the invention.The lower limit and the upper limit under the sub load district can provide with the percentage form, and be then suitable at full capacity the reference amount.Confirm that loading zone can be directed against different rotating speed and implement repeatedly, perhaps also can only implement once after this to measure as a reference with rated load where necessary.Loading zone is affirmed clear control separator and load p really
MeBetween coherence.
Separator is implemented appropriate control,, that is to say, make the unlatching of separator be closed interruption all the time, just can influence the freezing mixture stream of heating circuit, thereby and influence the coolant flow of the cylinder head of flowing through even also separator is opened off and on.
In the sub load district, separator is not what continue to open, and its always interim ground is closed, and like this, opening state and closed condition are alternate with each other, thus the average magnitude of the freezing mixture of the cylinder head that reduced to flow through.This just makes coolant temperature raise.Close separator, make that the circulation in the heating circuit stops, thereby do not have freezing mixture via separator or supplying pipe inflow cylinder head.Still be closed at valve, that is coolant circuit is when still closing, because the closing of separator, freezing mixture will stop to flow fully.
Coolant temperature in the heated explosive motor sub load district is raise.But, the temperature difference between parts and the freezing mixture equally also with cylinder head in the heat transmission relevant.The temperature of freezing mixture is high more, means that then the temperature difference between freezing mixture and the cylinder head is more little.Therefore the coolant temperature rising can cause heat transmission to diminish, and has improved the efficient of explosive motor when the operation at part load state thus.
Especially under the operation at part load state, has the effect of improving efficient according to the method for the invention; This point; If the explosive motor of considering firm startup is because its adjustment of loading, thereby have relatively poor relatively efficient in the sub load district just, advantageous particularly then seems.
Can also after cold start-up, close separator according to the method for the invention.At this moment, valve still keeps shut because of coolant temperature is low.Therefore in the hot machine stage, circulate coolant is stopped fully.
Just as that kind that preamble repeatedly specified, the heating of freezing mixture and the temperature-rise period of explosive motor are able to accelerate.Machine oil is made friction horsepower reduce, thereby has reduced fuel consumption by heating quickly.
Based on aforementioned reason, following embodiment according to the method for the invention also is favourable, and promptly the hot machine after the explosive motor cold start-up in the stage cuts out separator or make the separator state that keeps shut.
It is favourable that such method becomes example, if load p immediately
MeSurpass and to preestablish load p
Me, threshold, warm, then finish the back and open separator in the hot machine stage.
At high load, in the time of especially at full capacity, then make every effort to the heat as much as possible that dissipates, overheated to guarantee avoiding explosive motor.To this, what play a decisive role is to make coolant flow big (even if coolant temperature itself reduces) as much as possible.
Utilize according to the method for the invention; Can make freezing mixture after explosive motor preheating, have different temperature not using in the existing technology under the disclosed situation about valve being controlled by combined characteristic to adapt to the different load state of explosive motor.
Such method embodiment is favourable, promptly utilizes sensor to survey coolant temperature T with the surveying means
Coolant
And it also is favourable that following method becomes example, promptly surveys the coolant temperature T in the coolant circuit
Coolant, circuitBe to carry out in the downstream of at least one cylinder head and the upper reaches of heat exchanger.
Become example for latter two method, please refer to the related description of doing according to explosive motor of the present invention.
Such method embodiment is favourable, promptly according to the coolant temperature T in the coolant circuit
Coolant, circuitAnd the load p of explosive motor
MeSeparator to available power is controlled is implemented control.
Such method embodiment is favourable, promptly under the situation of low-load and moderate duty, realizes the intermittence unlatching of separator through the mode of PWM.
Such method embodiment is favourable, and promptly the intermittent type of separator is opened and carried out circularly, and wherein, a cycle period comprises a dwell period and an open stage, and it has constant duration.
In addition, advantageously, the cycle that circulation is opened can be constant and consistent, but also can be variable.Both differences are, being assigned to open stage is different with cycle share on the dwell period.
On the one hand, such method embodiment is favourable, and promptly intermittent type is opened with changeless and carried out with one-period, and like this, in each cycle, dwell period all is the same with the shared share of open stage.According to a specific embodiments, dwell period is the same with open stage big, that is to say equally long.
On the other hand, it also is favourable that following method becomes example, i.e. intermittent type unlatching was carried out with the variable cycle, and at this moment, the shared cycle share of dwell period and open stage changes.
This change example allows the method for salary distribution in each cycle to change, and especially allows the period allocated mode according to real-time coolant temperature T
CoolantChange, thereby can make the distribution in cycle and real-time coolant temperature T
CoolantSuitable.
In this case, such method embodiment is favourable, promptly according to temperature difference T
CoolantConfirm the cycle share that dwell period and open stage are shared, the said temperature difference is real-time coolant temperature T
CoolantWith predefined reference value T
Coolant, thresholdBetween difference, in this case:
ΔT
coolant＝T
coolant，threshold-T
coolant
If the cycle is variable, the share that then allows to increase dwell period is with the raising coolant temperature, or the share of increase open stage has reduced coolant temperature.
It is favourable that such method becomes example, if promptly load p in real time
MeSurpass and to preestablish load p
Me, threshold, cold, then open separator in the stage at hot machine.
As above-described; For accelerating the heating process of machine oil; Though should preferably after the explosive motor cold start-up, close separator or make the separator state that keeps shut, unfavorable in operating conditions, for example after cold start-up, need bear disadvantageous high load or power demand when very high; For protecting explosive motor to avoid the damage that can't repair, it also is favourable exceptionally opening separator in the stage at hot machine.
It is favourable that such method becomes example, promptly uses water as freezing mixture.Usually want blast blending in the water.Compare with other freezing mixture, that the advantage of water is is nontoxic, be easy to get and with low cost, and it also has high thermal capacitance in addition, and therefore, water is applicable to takes away and distribute very big heat, and this generally is counted as favourable.
Such method becomes example, and the change example of promptly making freezing mixture with machine oil also is favourable.With use water as freezing mixture and compare; Have following advantage with machine oil as freezing mixture: machine oil does not have corrosivity; Opposite it in addition also have and prevent the characteristic of corroding, and with the water ratio, machine oil can be more easily and parts; Especially movable part comes in contact, and is unlikely to damage the functional of explosive motor.
In addition, machine oil has been used as process liquid (Proze β fl ü ssigkeit) and flow through cylinder head and cylinder block so that be provided for different customers, especially are provided for bent axle and camshaft.
Because the heat capacity ratio water of machine oil is little, cause its heat radiation also less, and this point is favourable after cold start-up.The liquid cooler that adopts machine oil to make freezing mixture can be accelerated the intensification of machine oil in the hot machine stage.
In cylinder head, also can use two kinds of different freezing mixtures with at least two freezing mixture covers.In this case, cylinder head has two coolant circuits independently mutually, and each freezing mixture respectively has at least one freezing mixture cover, and is used for carrying different freezing mixtures respectively.The freezing mixture cover of discharging side can be used to carry the water as freezing mixture, and the freezing mixture cover of approaching side then can be used to carry the machine oil as freezing mixture.
Description of drawings
Be elaborated referring to figs. 1 through 3 couples of the present invention below, wherein:
Fig. 1 is explosive motor first embodiment's a schematic representation;
Fig. 2 is coolant temperature T
Coolant, circuit, separator on off state and the speed of a motor vehicle v plotted curve that changes of t in time;
Fig. 3 is the plotted curve in 800 to 900 second this period of intercepting from plotted curve shown in Figure 2.
List
1 liquid cooling explosive motor
2 cylinder heads
3 coolant circuits
4 supplying tubes
5 delivery lines
6 reflow pipes
7 valves controlled voluntarily according to temperature
The element that 7a reacts according to temperature
8 heat exchangers
9 heating circuits
10 supplying pipes
11 heaters
12 separators
13 engine controllers
14 sensors
15 pumps
p
MeInstantaneous load
p
Me, threshold, coldHot machine can preestablish load to motor in the stage
p
Me, threshold, warmHot machine can preestablish load to motor after the stage
T
CoolantCoolant temperature
T
Coolant, circuitCoolant temperature in the coolant circuit
T
Coolant, heatingCoolant temperature in the heating circuit
T
Coolant, valveThe coolant temperature at the thermal reaction element place of valve
T
Coolant, thresholdThe reference value of coolant temperature
Δ T
CoolantThe temperature difference
T
MinMinimum temperature
The t time
t
MinMinimum running duration
The v speed of a motor vehicle
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is first embodiment's of explosive motor 1 a schematic representation.Explosive motor 1 is equipped with liquid cooler.Coolant circuit 3 comprises that at least one is integrated in freezing mixture cover in the cylinder head 2, is used to the freezing mixture cover supplying tube 4 of freezing mixture is provided, is used to derive the delivery line 5 and the reflow pipe 6 of freezing mixture; This reflow pipe goes out from delivery line 5 forks and via importing the supplying tube 4 according to the valve 7 that temperature is controlled voluntarily, in this reflow pipe, is provided with heat exchanger 8.Be provided with the pump 15 that is installed in the supplying tube 4 in order to push freezing mixture.
Internally piloted valve 7 has the freezing mixture of receiving impact and understands Yin Wendu and aitiogenic element 7a.Depend on the coolant temperature on the element 7a, reflow pipe 6 or link to each other with supplying tube 4, or break off with supplying tube 4.When valve 7 was closed, element 7a only bore the impact from the freezing mixture in the heating circuit 9.
Heating circuit 9 comprises supplying pipe 10, and this supplying pipe goes out from delivery line 5 forks and imports the supplying tube 4 via internally piloted valve 7, and heater 11 is installed therein.Switching manipulation to valve 7 can not be driven supplying pipe 10 and supplying tube in 4 minutes.Article two, pipeline 4,10 remains connection.
At the upper reaches of internally piloted valve 7, in the supplying pipe 10 of heating circuit 9, separator 12 is installed, this separator is according to coolant temperature T by engine controller 13
CoolantControl.In order to survey the coolant temperature T in the coolant circuit 3 with measurement means
Coolant, circiut, sensor 14 is installed, in order to coolant temperature T in the delivery line in cylinder head downstream
Coolant, circiutBe transferred to engine controller 13 as input signal.
Fig. 2 is coolant temperature T
Coolant, circuit, separator on off state and the speed of a motor vehicle v plotted curve that changes of t in time.
Coolant temperature T in the coolant circuit
Coolant, circuitDegree centigrade to be that unit is plotted on the y coordinate of left side, the time, t then was plotted on the abscissa.Drawn on the right of figure two kinds of on off states of separator, thereby from figure, just can find out when separator is closed or opened that is to say, when separator is to start to close or (the seeing curve A) of opening state.
Begin to count that time from explosive motor cold start-up NEDC cycle, and one-period comprises 1180 seconds, and it also is used to confirm pollutant discharge amount simultaneously, so that whether the pollutant discharge amount of monitoring explosive motor meets legal pollutant emission concentration requirement.Speed of a motor vehicle v changes the curve v (t) that t changes in time and can from figure, know.
Coolant temperature T
CoolantIn the hot machine stage is to continue to raise.Separator was closed in the hot machine stage.
If freezing mixture reaches predefined minimum temperature T
Min(approximately being made as 98 ℃ in the present embodiment), the then hot machine stage is regarded as end.In the present embodiment, minimum temperature T
MinBe equivalent to minimum t working time
Min, promptly 470 seconds.
After the hot machine stage finishes, according to coolant temperature T
CoolantTo implementing control by the separator that electric power is controlled, at this moment, separator is unlocked off and on, that is to say that it is is alternately opened and closed.
This intermittently starting of separator periodically carries out.Cycle substituted according to the constant time lag, and each cycle is formed by dwell period and open stage.Become in the example in the method shown in Fig. 2, above-mentioned intermittent type is opened and is undertaken by the variable cycle, and with regard to this variable cycle, the shared separately cycle share of dwell period and open stage is vicissitudinous, exactly, is according to real-time freezing mixture temperature T
CoolantChange.
The result that this kind intermittent type is opened makes freezing mixture when the sub load district, have higher relatively temperature, and in the present embodiment, it is suitable that temperature that this is higher relatively and cylinder head outlet port get temperature, promptly on average is about 105 ℃.
Fig. 3 is the plotted curve in 800 to 900 second this period of intercepting from plotted curve shown in Figure 2.This figure only is used for Fig. 2 is remarked additionally, so remaining content should be with reference to figure 2.
Can learn that from the figure of this intercepting the cycle variation of separator can be designed to be very fast, thereby makes separator not arrive its closed position or enable possition fully, change but direction had promptly taken place before reaching.
Claims (14)
1. a liquid cooling explosive motor (1), its have at least one cylinder head (2) and
-coolant circuit (3); It comprises that at least one is integrated in freezing mixture cover in the said cylinder head, is used to the freezing mixture cover supplying tube of freezing mixture (4) is provided, is used to derive the delivery line (5) and the reflow pipe (6) of freezing mixture; Said reflow pipe goes out from said delivery line (5) fork and via importing according to the valve (7) that temperature is controlled voluntarily the said supplying tube (4); In said reflow pipe, be provided with heat exchanger (8), and
-heating circuit (9); It comprises supplying pipe (10); Said supplying pipe goes out from said delivery line (5) fork and imports the said supplying tube (4) via above-mentioned internally piloted valve (7), in this supplying pipe, is provided with the heater (11) by the freezing mixture operation, wherein; Said internally piloted valve (7) has the freezing mixture of receiving impact and understands Yin Wendu and aitiogenic element (7a), and said reflow pipe (6) can be according to the coolant temperature T on the said element (7a)
Coolant, valveDifference and link to each other with said supplying tube or separate, in contrast, said supplying pipe then can not separate with said supplying tube through said valve (7),
It is characterized in that,
-at the upper reaches of said internally piloted valve (7), in the supplying pipe (10) of said heating circuit (9), being provided with the separator (12) that can control by electric power, this separator can be by engine controller (13) according to coolant temperature T
CoolantControl.
2. liquid cooling explosive motor according to claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, is provided with to be used for surveying coolant temperature T with the surveying mode
CoolantSensor (14).
3. liquid cooling explosive motor according to claim 2 (1) is characterized in that, is used for surveying with the surveying mode coolant temperature T of said coolant circuit (3)
CoolantSaid sensor (14) be set at the upper reaches of the heat exchanger (8) in said at least one cylinder head (2) downstream and the said coolant circuit (3).
4. according to the described liquid cooling explosive motor of one of aforementioned claim (1), it is characterized in that, be provided with ventilation duct, said ventilation duct imports in the said supplying pipe (10) at the upper reaches of said separator (12), and portion is mounted with equalizing reservoir within it.
5. a method that is used for operation according to the described liquid cooling explosive motor of one of aforementioned claim (1) is characterized in that, according to coolant temperature T
CoolantAnd the load p of explosive motor
MeSeparator (12) to said available power is controlled is implemented control, and said control is performed such, and promptly under the situation of low-load and moderate duty, after the hot machine stage finishes, promptly opens said separator (12) with batch process.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the hot machine after said explosive motor (1) cold start-up in the stage cuts out said separator.
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described methods, it is characterized in that, if load p in real time
MeSurpass and to preestablish load p
Me, threshold, cold, then after the hot machine stage finishes, open said separator (12).
8. according to the described method of one of claim 5 to 7, it is characterized in that, according to the temperature T of the freezing mixture in said coolant circuit (3)
CoolantAnd the load p of said explosive motor (3)
MeSeparator (12) to said available power is controlled is implemented control.
9. according to the described method of one of claim 5 to 8, it is characterized in that, under the situation of low-load and moderate duty, realize the intermittence unlatching of said separator (12) through the mode of PWM.
10. according to the described method of one of claim 5 to 8, it is characterized in that the intermittent type of said separator is opened and carried out circularly, wherein, a cycle period comprises a dwell period and an open stage, and has constant duration.
11. method according to claim 10 is characterized in that, said intermittent type is opened with changeless and is carried out with one-period, all is the same thereby make dwell period with open stage shared share in each cycle.
12. method according to claim 10 is characterized in that, said intermittent type unlatching was carried out with the variable cycle, thereby dwell period and the shared cycle share of open stage are changed.
13. method according to claim 12 is characterized in that, according to temperature difference T
CoolantConfirm the cycle share that dwell period and open stage are shared, the said temperature difference is real-time coolant temperature T
CoolantWith predefined reference value T
Coolant, thresholdDifference.
14. according to the described method of one of claim 5 to 13, it is characterized in that, if load p in real time
MeSurpassing can predefined load p
Me, threshold, cold, then open said separator (12) in the stage at hot machine.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010036581.5 | 2010-07-23 | ||
| DE201010036581 DE102010036581A1 (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2010-07-23 | Liquid-cooled combustion engine for motor car, has shut-off element arranged upstream to steering valve and in feed line of heating circuit, where shut-off element is controlled by engine controller based on coolant temperature |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102400768A true CN102400768A (en) | 2012-04-04 |
Family
ID=45443566
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110208234 Pending CN102400768A (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2011-07-20 | Liquid-cooled combustion engine based on coolant and method for running the combustion engine |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102400768A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102010036581A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103422967A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2013-12-04 | 福特环球技术公司 | Internal combustion engine with coolant circuit |
| CN103698129A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-04-02 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Engine heat balance test system and temperature control device thereof |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9032915B2 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2015-05-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Independent cooling of cylinder head and block |
| JP6108895B2 (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2017-04-05 | ヤンマー株式会社 | Internal combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004012372A1 (en) * | 2004-03-13 | 2005-09-29 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Cooling circuit for a coolant-cooled internal combustion engine |
| DE102004058865B4 (en) * | 2004-12-06 | 2020-08-20 | Att Automotivethermotech Gmbh | Method and device for needs-based cooling and venting of internal combustion engines |
| DE102005035121B4 (en) * | 2005-07-23 | 2021-03-11 | Att Automotivethermotech Gmbh | Device for heating a motor vehicle |
-
2010
- 2010-07-23 DE DE201010036581 patent/DE102010036581A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-07-20 CN CN 201110208234 patent/CN102400768A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103422967A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2013-12-04 | 福特环球技术公司 | Internal combustion engine with coolant circuit |
| CN103422967B (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2017-10-03 | 福特环球技术公司 | Internal combustion engine with coolant circuit |
| CN103698129A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-04-02 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Engine heat balance test system and temperature control device thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102010036581A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
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Application publication date: 20120404 |