CN102398527A

CN102398527A - Integrated charger-inverter for a permanent magnet/induction motor drive of an electric or hybrid electric vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN102398527A
Application number: CN2011102672368A
Authority: CN
Inventors: S.M.N.哈森; D.P.塔斯基; M.N.安沃; S.E.格利森
Original assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Current assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Priority date: 2010-09-09
Filing date: 2011-09-09
Publication date: 2012-04-04
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-09
Also published as: DE102011111243A1; DE102011111243B4; CN102398527B; US8432126B2; US20120062176A1

Abstract

A vehicle includes an energy storage system (ESS) rechargeable using electrical power from an off-board AC power supply, a traction power inverter module (TPIM), one or two motors, and a controller. The TPIM has two inverters. The controller energizes designated semiconductor switches of the TPIM and designated induction coils of the motor to boost electrical power from the AC power supply for charging the ESS when the vehicle is not running. With two motors, a contactor allows induction coils of a first motor to be connected to the switches of the first inverter as an input filter, and an additional semiconductor switch is positioned between the ESS and an output side of the switches of the second inverter. A controller charges the ESS by energizing designated semiconductor switches of the TPIM and induction coils of the motor to charge the ESS without using an onboard battery charger module.

Description

Integration charger-the inverter of the permanent magnet/Induction Motor Drive of vehicle

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of integration charger-inverter that is used for the high-tension battery fast charge, permanent magnet/induction type vehicular drive motor that this battery types is used on battery-driven car or the hybrid vehicle is supplied power.

Background technology

Battery-driven car (EV) and plug-in hybrid vehicle (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle:PHEV) use chargeable energy storage system (ESS), so that power delivery is arrived one or more permanent magnets/induction type drive motor.Motor alternately obtains electric power and electric power is transported to ESS from ESS as required.The main electric parts of other of EV and PHEV power drive system are tractive output inversion module (traction power inverter module), DC/DC conv and high pressure charging on-vehicle battery module.Battery charging module is inserted into standard 120VAC or 220VAC battery socket, to be the ESS charging when vehicle does not move.

Summary of the invention

Correspondingly, this paper provides a kind of vehicle, and it has cancelled above-mentioned independently charging on-vehicle battery module.Alternatively, vehicle uses the large power semiconductor device of appointment and the inductance coil of one or two permanent magnet/induction type drive motor, comes apace energy storage system (ESS) to be charged.Conventional charging on-vehicle battery module lacks actual effect when vehicle is not recharged, and therefore its use has increased the constant load of vehicle.And this battery charging module provides low relatively about 1.2kW to arrive the charge power of about 3.3kW, and this can prolong charging duration again.In charging operations, use the output of 220VAC power to compare the total charging duration of meeting minimizing with using the 120VAC power supply.But charge rate still receives the restriction of the most conventional relatively low charging on-vehicle battery modular power output.And the 220VAC power supply can easily obtain not as slower 120VAC power supply that kind usually.

Herein disclosed is two kinds of charges circuit or topological structure, a kind of double-motor vehicular drive that can be used for is constructed, and another kind is used for single motor vehicle drives structure.Every kind of topological structure has all fully phased out the charging on-vehicle battery module, and alternatively uses the appointment high power semiconductor switches of two inductance tractive output inversion modules (TPIM) and the appointment inductance coil of one or two motor to come for ESS the fast speed charging operations to be provided.TPIM and motor (one or more) are idle when the vehicular power-bottle charging module is worked.Therefore, the fast charge that can be utilized for ESS of these devices provides buck or pure boost operations.

Specifically, this paper provides a kind of vehicle, and it has the high pressure ESS that uses from from the power charge of car AC power supplies, has the TPIM of two inverters, motor and controller, and wherein each said inverter has a plurality of semiconductor switchs.Motor is configured to permanent magnet/AC induction machine, and it has a plurality of inductance coils.Controller (for example motor control processor or other suitable devices) is optionally supplied power to the appointment semiconductor switch of TPIM and the appointment inductance coil of motor, boosts from the power supply from the car AC power supplies to let, and is the ESS charging apace thus.

First topological structure is used for when vehicle has two drive motor, for example when vehicle is configured to the plug-in type electric hybrid vehicle of oil (PHEV), step-up/step-down circuit is provided, so that power supply boosts.When vehicle is the cell electric vehicle (BEV) that only has a drive motor, use second kind of topological structure, every kind of topological structure does not need or uses extra/independent battery charging module at no time.First topological structure has increased a pair of extra power switch, for example such as the solid-state device of relay or contactless switch and extra semiconductor switch.Second topological structure lacks extra drive motor, and pure boost pressure circuit is provided, and comes booster power to replace using the inductance coil of second drive motor that is omitted with input filter.

Also controller is provided so that use from ESS being charged from the electric power of car AC power supplies.Controller comprises main frame; This main frame is programmed to or otherwise can moves; With optionally to the appointment semiconductor switch of first and second inverters of TPIM and the appointment coil power supply of motor; So that will boost, be that ESS charges apace thus when vehicle does not move from power supply from the car AC power supplies.

The electrically-charged method of ESS is comprised the appointment semiconductor switch of first inverter that uses TPIM, with by producing commutating voltage from input power supply from the car AC power supplies.This method comprises that also the appointment inductance coil that uses motor produces output voltage, and output voltage is the function of commutating voltage.Use output voltage to charge subsequently as ESS.

Can select a dutycycle of specifying semiconductor switch of second inverter, be used for the electrically-charged output voltage of ESS with control.When vehicle comprised second motor, contactless switch was used in combination with the appointment inductance coil of second motor and the appointment semiconductor switch of first inverter, to produce commutating voltage.Extra semiconductor switch is activated, and to send commutating voltage to link. capacitor as output voltage, thus ESS is charged.

Can easily understand above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention and other feature and advantage in the detailed description that the better model to embodiment of the present invention that combines accompanying drawing to carry out is hereinafter made.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematically showing of vehicle with controller, and it uses the semiconductor switch of two inverter TPIM and the inductance coil of one or two drive motor, is that high-pressure energy memory system (ESS) is charged apace with as described herein ground that kind.

Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram that has shown electrically-charged first topological structure of ESS of a possible embodiments that is used to vehicle shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 3 be circuit shown in Figure 2 equivalent circuit circuit diagram, shown to be used to the electrically-charged buck operation of ESS;

Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram that has shown electrically-charged second topological structure of ESS of another possible embodiments that is used to vehicle shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of the equivalent circuit of circuit shown in Figure 4, has shown to be used to the electrically-charged buck operation of ESS; With

Fig. 6 is used to use TPIM and the diagram of circuit of one or two drive motor as the electrically-charged method of ESS.

The specific embodiment

Referring to accompanying drawing, Reference numeral identical in a few width of cloth figure is represented identical or similar parts, and vehicle 10 is shown among Fig. 1, has drive motor 16.The second optional drive motor 14 also is used according to the configuration of vehicle.That is, in a possible embodiments, vehicle 10 can be configured to plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV), and it uses motor 14 and 16 the two Motor torques, and said Motor torque is transferred to

motor output link

140 and 160 respectively.Can be utilized so that power to be provided from the moment of torsion of specifying motor (for example motor 14), thereby in this embodiment, help the bent axle motion of explosive motor (not shown) and start.Moment of torsion from the motor 14,16 one or both of can be used for via they output

link

140 and 160 propelled vehicles 10 separately.For briefly, driving engine, driving device and final drive element in Fig. 1, have been omitted.

Alternatively, vehicle 10 can be configured to have a motor (for example motor 16) only and not have the cell electric vehicle (BEV) of driving engine.Vehicle 10 one embodiment comprises tractive output inversion module (TPIM) 18, it has two power inverters 22,23.Motor control processor or controller 26 can be electrically connected to motor 14 and/or 16 and be suitable for controlling to driving engine (one or more) and from driving engine (one or mores') speed, pattern and power circuit.Controller 26 can be single assembly, and is as shown in the figure, or its function can be distributed between different device.In addition; Charging algorithm 100 is present in the controller 26; Or can easily carry out by the Be Controlled device, when vehicle 10 does not move and when vehicle electrical is connected to from car AC power supplies 50, apace the high voltage electric energy memory system can (ESS) not charged, shown in Fig. 2-5.

Herein disclosed is two kinds of different circuits layouts or topological structure, one is used for above-mentioned corresponding double-motor embodiment, and another is used for above-mentioned single motor embodiment.In every kind of topological structure, no matter the number of motors that vehicle adopts, the characteristics of vehicle 10 are there is not traditional on-board high-voltage battery charging module.Alternatively, the appointment semiconductor switch of the appointment stator winding of the controller 26 control motors 16 of vehicle 10 or the

power inverter

22,23 of inductance coil 21 and TPIM 18 is so that apace to ESS 24 chargings.When using motor 14, controller 26 specifies some inductance coils 20 of motor 14 to carry out the power filter function.Inductance coil can be as add with reference to Figure 4 and 5 hereinafter saidly, when not comprising motor 14, to carry out identical power filter function.

Still referring to Fig. 1, motor 14 and 16 is that multi-phase permanent type/AC responds to type motor, and each specified roughly 60VAC depends on the design of vehicle to about 300VAC or more.Motor 14,16 is electrically connected to ESS 24 via high pressure DC bus line (bar) 38, TPIM 18 and heterogeneous high pressure AC bus line 39.When motor was worked to electrical generator versatilely, ESS 24 can work as the Motor torque that uses when motor initiatively moves as electrical generator from motor 14,16 and optionally charged, for example through in the regenerative brake incident, obtaining energy.

Other high-tension current devices of vehicle 10 can comprise accessory feed module (APM) 40, DC-DC power inverter for example, and it is electrically connected to ESS 24 via DC bus line 38.APM 40 can be electrically connected to low pressure boosting battery 42 via low voltage bus circuit 41,12VDC battery for example, and be suitable for the one or more ancillary system (not shown) power supplies on the vehicle.

For example referring to Fig. 2, first topological structure 12 can be used for the dual-motor drive system of the above-mentioned type, for example uses motor 14 and 16 the two the PHEV of Fig. 1.Can be connected to vehicle 10 via plug 52 from car AC power supplies 50,, when for example resting in the garage at night, start the insertion charging of ESS24 with when vehicle 10 does not move.Optional input filter 30 can be used in combination with contactless switch 56.Input filter 30 can comprise electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filter and induction coupling (not shown).If do not need EMC filter or induction coupling, then contactless switch 56 can omit.

Extra semiconductor switch 17 is optionally controlled by the controller 26 of Fig. 1 with contactless switch 25, for example through transmitting the on/off signal, to start corresponding device thereof when needed.Extra semiconductor switch 17 is connected electrically between the outgoing side of semiconductor switch 151,153,155,157 of ESS24 and motor 16.Switch 17 and any other used here power switch can be configured to igbt (IGBT) and diode pair, metal-oxide-semiconductor fieldeffect transistor (MOSFET) and diode pair, or any suitable power switch.For the sake of simplicity, in a plurality of accompanying drawings, shown IGBT.Contactless switch 25 can be configured to screw actuator contactless switch or other solid switchgears, but other switch designs (no matter being semi-conductive or solid-state) also can be used as switch and/or contactless switch, and this depends on design and required switch performance.

The appointment conductive coil 20 of motor 14 can comprise inductance coil 71 and 73.The not designated charging operations that is used for of all the other inductance coils 75.Contactless switch 25 is electrically connected to the appointment inductance coil of motor 14 semiconductor switch 22 of inverter 22.The inverter 22 of TPIM 18 comprises

semiconductor switch

51,53,55 and 57.

Semiconductor switch

51,53,55 and 57 combines and the contactless switch 25 and the

inductance coil

71 and 73 of motor 14 form rectifying circuit 11 together.To ESS 24 chargings the time, do not use two extra semiconductor switchs 59 of TPIM 18.

Motor 16 comprises inductance coil 171,173 and 175.The inverter 23 of TPIM 18 comprises semiconductor switch 151,153,155 and 157, and they can provide step-up/step-down circuit 13 with inductance coil 171 and 173, is used for 24 fast charges to ESS.Two extra switches 159 are included in the inverter 23 of TPIM18, but also as semiconductor switch 59, are not used for 24 chargings to ESS.

The controller 26 of Fig. 1 breaks off contactless switch 25, and to start charging operations, for example through step signal is sent to contactless switch, the indication screw actuator starts.Semiconductor switch 17 is connected in the normal vehicle running, and Be Controlled device 26 disconnections in charging operations when vehicle 10 and off-duty.Output voltage produces on ESS 24 and the cond 27 that is connected in parallel subsequently, and the said cond that is connected in parallel promptly helps electronics package that the high pressure DC bus line 38 on the vehicle shown in Figure 1 10 is carried out filtering.

Referring to Fig. 3, show the equivalent circuit that enlivens device 60 in first topological structure 12 of Fig. 2 in the charging operations of ESS 24.Boost operations provides through step-up/step-down circuit 13.In Fig. 3, only the IGBT and the diode of a part of semiconductor switch among Fig. 2 illustrated apart from each other, more to clearly illustrate the power circuit that provides in the charging operations.That is, any IGBT and diode part that in the charging operations of ESS 24, does not have to use all is omitted in Fig. 3, in order to briefly.

In charging operations, contactless switch 25 (see figure 2)s are broken off, and the IGBT of the semiconductor switch 17 of Fig. 2 keeps conducting, and commutating voltage (V _RECT) added up through rectifying circuit shown in Figure 1 11.In the boost operations of step-up/step-down circuit 13,

semiconductor switch

151 and 157 IGBT break off, and are used for realizing the calibration dutycycle a switch circulation.As a result of, electric current 61 is equally mobile as shown, with accumulation energy (see figure 2) on inductance coil 171 and 173, in Fig. 3, has shown the equivalent inductance of these two inductance coils through inducer 82.

When the IGBT of

semiconductor switch

151 and 157 conducting, the diode of semiconductor switch 17 prevents ESS 24 short circuit in the boost operations that provides through step-up/step-down circuit 13.When the IGBT of

semiconductor switch

151 and 157 when all the other cycle interruption of same switch periods are opened, electric current 161 be allowed to along shown in direction flow through the diode of switch 153,155, and output voltage (V is provided on ESS 24 _OUT).Output voltage (V _OUT) 83 can be calculated as V _OUT=V _RECT(D/ (1-D)), D represents dutycycle.Concerning boost operations, the value of D must be greater than 0.5.

Filter 30 and the contactless switch 56 of Fig. 2 possibly not need in first topological structure, because the equivalent inductance of inductance coil 71 and 73 (by inducer 81 representatives) is enough big, can eliminate any switch pulsation and any other current transients of not expecting or peak value.Equally, above-mentioned inducer 82 is enough big, so that can use the more low switching frequency of about 20kHz.The boost operations that provides through step-up/step-down circuit 13 can provide the power factor correction near 1 for input AC power supplies 50, promptly greater than about 0.95.

As stated, this paper can be used for PHEV with reference to figure 2 and 3 described two motor driven systems, and does not need extra charging on-vehicle battery device, reduces the cost and the size of power drive system thus.Only need a contactless switch and an extra semiconductor switch, contactless switch 25 and extra semiconductor switch 17 promptly shown in Figure 2.Because the TPIM of Fig. 1 18 and motor 14, the 16 specified superpowers that are used for are so can use semiconductor switch and inductance coil from said apparatus to carry out the superpower fast charge.

The charge power of about 10kW can be provided in a possible embodiments, and this is a level that can not make the reduction in service life of TPIM 18 and motor 14,16 significantly.For example, according to design, TPIM18 is specified to be used for about 85kW to about 120kW, thereby can adopt the power level more much higher than 10kW.But, between the work life of charge power and TPIM, have balance.In addition, rectifying circuit is the diode full-wave rectifier, and therefore do not need AC power supplies 50 just/the right switching of switch of negative working cycle, this has further simplified the control of Fig. 2 topological structure.

Referring to Fig. 4, second topological structure 13 can be used for single motor driven systems, for example BEV, the wherein TPIM 18 of vehicle maintenance dual-motor drive system.Although TPIM 18 has two inverters, 22,23 (see figure 1)s; But let the structure of single motor-driven vehicle keep TPIM 18 to allow the commonality of device; Promptly need store and purchase the device of lesser amt; This depends on the relative market of PHEV with respect to BEV, may have certain value.

Because only use a motor, promptly motor 16, so the inductance coil 20 of motor 14 can not be as the line filter in single motor-driven structure.Therefore, can increase extra input filter 90, it has inductance coil 92 and electric capacity 94, said each electronic unit all as this area understanding be set at the pipeline regulated quantity that can provide required by size.The inductance coil 21 of appointment (being the inductance coil 171,173 of motor 16) forms the supercharging inductor, and the

semiconductor switch

51,53,55 and 57 of TPIM 18 forms rectifying circuit 11 in second topological structure.The equivalence induction of coil 171,173 is shown in Figure 5 by an inductor 95.

Semiconductor switch

155 and 157 provides and has been used for the 24 electrically-charged pure boost pressure circuits 113 to ESS.The semiconductor switch 17 of first topological structure 12 of Fig. 2 also is not used in second topological structure 13.In addition, in second topological structure 13, the high-voltage bus bar 39 of Fig. 1 is according to arranging shown in the arrow 98 that promptly the outgoing side of semiconductor switch 55 is connected electrically between semiconductor switch 151 and 154, also is connected with an end of the inductance coil 171 of motor 16 at this place.Every other device remains unchanged with respect to aforesaid first topological structure.

Referring to Fig. 5, shown the equivalent circuit 160 that is used for the ESS 24 of single motor-driven structure is carried out charging operations.As Fig. 3, Fig. 5 has only shown these semiconductor switch devices, for example IGBT and diode, and they activate in charging operations.Open and semiconductor switch 155 when turn-offing when the IGBT of semiconductor switch 157 conducting, electric current 261 flows through inducer 95.

Inducer 95 has the inductance value that the inductance coil 171 and 173 that equals motor 16 is combined, and enough big so that can as first topological structure 12 of Fig. 2, use lower switching frequency, for example about 20kHz.Energy is sent to inducer 95 (arrow 185) from the voltage through rectification.When the IGBT of semiconductor switch 157 turn-offs, the diode current flow of semiconductor switch 155.As a result, the electric current that flows through inducer 95 is transported to link. capacitor 27, shown in arrow 361, and at ESS 24 places output voltage 183 is provided.

As pure blower operations, the dutycycle of semiconductor switch 153 (D) control output voltage, i.e. V _OUT=V _RECT/ (1-D).Only need be by specific bus circuit of arranging among the Fig. 4 shown in the arrow 98 and extra input filter 90.Can be applicable to second topological structure to aforesaid every other advantage of first topological structure and characteristic.Every kind of topological structure provides about 300% to 800% the charge power from conventional charging on-vehicle battery module available output, has greatly improved charging duration thus.Eliminated the cost and the weight of onboard charger, and when using the charge power of about 10kW motor 14 and/16 and the TPIM18 work life aspect insignificant reduction is arranged.

Referring to Fig. 6, when vehicle 10 stops and the AC power supplies 50 of Fig. 2 and 4 when being electrically connected to vehicle, charging algorithm 100 is optionally carried out by the controller 26 of Fig. 1.Shown the step that these are preliminary through (*) among Fig. 6.Algorithm 100 is effectively with step 102 beginning, and wherein, whether one group of vehicle condition of controller 26 assessments is activated with the charging of judging ESS 24.For example, controller 26 can be assessed the running state of vehicle 10, and as through judging whether driving engine turns round, whether igniting starts, and whether driving device is among the joint, and whether AC power supplies 50 inserts etc.In one embodiment, controller 26 can be assessed the charge condition of ESS, need to judge whether charging.If this group vehicle condition shows and should not begin charging operations, then algorithm 100 can cycle repeats step 102, shows different situations up to situation.When charging was activated, algorithm 100 advanced to step 104.

In step 14, controller 26 activates the appointment semiconductor switch of TPIM 18 and the appointment inductance coil of motor 16 as described above, begins charging operations to use these parts.The inductance coil of motor 14 also can be used in specifically referring in Fig. 2 and the 3 described Dual-motors Driving structures.Demand according to Dual-motors Driving structure middle controller 26; The contactless switch 25 of Fig. 2 also can be provided energy or energy is not provided with semiconductor switch 17, and the filtering that when motor 14 is not used, is provided by the inductance coil of motor 14 can provide through inducer shown in Figure 4 92 and cond 94.In case the charging beginning, then algorithm 100 advances to step 106.

In step 106, controller 26 compares charge condition and the calibration threshold value of ESS24.When charge condition surpassed threshold value, algorithm 100 advanced to step 108, otherwise cycle repeats

step

104 and 106, up to surpassing threshold value.

In step 108, controller 26 does not continue charging operations through the power supply step of aforesaid step 104 is put upside down.Algorithm 100 finishes, and through (* *) expression among Fig. 6, and vehicle 19 is ready to use with its normal operation mode.

Although carried out detailed description to carrying out better model of the present invention, those skilled in the art can learn the many replacement designs and the embodiment that are used for embodiment of the present invention in the scope of appended claim.

Claims

1. vehicle comprises:

High-pressure energy memory system (ESS), it can use the electric power charging from the car AC power supplies;

Tractive output inversion module (TPIM) has first and second inverters, and each inverter comprises a plurality of semiconductor switchs;

Permanent magnet/induction type motor has a plurality of inductance coils; With

Controller can be used for optionally supplying power for the appointment inductance coil of the appointment semiconductor switch of a plurality of semiconductor switchs and a plurality of inductance coils, to make thus from said power supply supercharging from the car AC power supplies, when the vehicle off-duty, apace ESS is charged thus.

2. vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein, said a plurality of semiconductor switchs comprise igbt (IGBT) and diode pair, and one of metal oxide semiconductor field effect tube (MOSFET) and diode pair.

3. vehicle as claimed in claim 1; Wherein, Rectifying circuit is partly by from first inverter, specify the semiconductor switch of semiconductor switchs to form as at least some, and wherein boost pressure circuit is used from second inverter, provided as the semiconductor switch of at least some appointment semiconductor switchs and the appointment inductance coil of said motor.

4. vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein, said motor comprises first motor and second motor, also comprises:

Contactless switch is electrically connected the inductance coil of said first motor with the semiconductor switch of said first inverter; With

Extra semiconductor switch is electrically connected between the outgoing side of said ESS and the semiconductor switch of said second inverter;

Wherein, said controller optionally activates said contactless switch and said extra semiconductor switch, so that will also be said ESS charging from the power supply supercharging from the car AC power supplies thus.

5. vehicle as claimed in claim 1 also comprises:

Input filter has inducer and cond, and is suitable for from said power filter from the car AC power supplies.

6. controller; Be used to use the electric power from from the car AC power supplies that high-pressure energy memory system (ESS) is charged, this controller can be used in the vehicle, and this vehicle has ESS, has the tractive output inverter module (TPIM) and at least one permanent magnet/induction type motor of first and second inverters; Wherein, Said controller comprises main frame, and this main frame can move, with optionally to the appointment inductance coil power supply of the appointment semiconductor switch and the said motor of first and second inverters of said TPIM; So that will be from said power supply supercharging from the car AC power supplies, thus when said vehicle off-duty apace to said ESS charging.

7. controller as claimed in claim 6; Wherein, The appointment semiconductor switch of said first and second inverters comprises igbt (IGBT) and metal oxide semiconductor field effect tube (MOSFET), and wherein, said controller can move; On-off signal being sent in the said appointment semiconductor switch each corresponding IGBT or MOSFET, with to said ESS charging.

8. controller as claimed in claim 6, wherein, said controller is to the boost pressure circuit that forms from the appointment semiconductor switch of said second inverter and the appointment inductance coil power supply of said motor, with will be from said power supply supercharging from the car AC power supplies.

9. controller as claimed in claim 6; Wherein, said motor comprises first motor and second motor, and wherein; Said vehicle comprises contactless switch; This contactless switch is suitable for the inductance coil of said first motor is electrically connected to the semiconductor switch of said first inverter, and said vehicle also comprises extra semiconductor switch, and this extra semiconductor switch is electrically connected between the outgoing side of the semiconductor switch of said ESS and said second inverter;

Wherein, said controller optionally activates said contactless switch and said extra semiconductor switch, will thus said ESS being charged from said power supply supercharging from the car AC power supplies.