CN102393340A - Hydraulic fatigue test system of connecting rod - Google Patents
Hydraulic fatigue test system of connecting rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN102393340A CN102393340A CN2011102555913A CN201110255591A CN102393340A CN 102393340 A CN102393340 A CN 102393340A CN 2011102555913 A CN2011102555913 A CN 2011102555913A CN 201110255591 A CN201110255591 A CN 201110255591A CN 102393340 A CN102393340 A CN 102393340A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic fatigue test system of a connecting rod. The system mainly consists of a test bench and a control system, wherein the test bench comprises a pump station mechanism, a hydraulic loading mechanism, a test bench body and a clamping and bearing mechanism; the pump station mechanism, the hydraulic loading mechanism and the clamping and bearing mechanism are all fixed on the test bench body; the hydraulic loading mechanism is connected with the pump station mechanism; and the clamping and bearing mechanism is connected with the hydraulic loading mechanism. In the test system disclosed by the invention, as the tension-compression loading for the connecting rod is asymmetric loading, the system realizes any duty ratio, can simulate multiple working conditions to load and thus can be widely applied to the fatigue test of the connecting rod in a large range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of testing equipment that is used for engine link, particularly a kind ofly carry out tension and compression with hydraulic pressure and load the pilot system that the engine link fatigue properties are detected.
Background technology
Since engine producing development so far, mechanical load constantly improves, for the reliability of engine with strengthen index and also improve accordingly.
Connecting rod formula undoubtedly is a crucial moving parts in the engine, and its effect is to connect piston and bent axle, and the power that acts on the piston is passed to bent axle, makes the to-and-fro movement of piston change rotatablely moving of bent axle into, externally exports work done.The small end of connecting rod work is reciprocating; Big end rotates; Shaft is done complicated plane motion, so the stressing conditions of connecting rod is very complicated, on each cross section of its shaft, all moment of flexure, shearing and normal force can be arranged; But moment of flexure and shearing are all little, and the main load of shaft is the Tensile or Compressive Loading of alternation.Connecting rod is to bear one of the most serious part of load, the effect of the inertial force that is being produced when bearing gaseous tension that piston transmits, reciprocal inertia force and itself swing simultaneously, and the size and Orientation cyclical variation of these power is prone to cause the fatigure failure of connecting rod.According to statistics, the destruction of connecting rod 60% to 90% all is fatigure failure, and consequence is extremely serious.No matter, cause mishap easily before fatigure failure because be that toughness material or hard brittle material all do not have manifest signs to be difficult for discovering.
Therefore in the design and detection of connecting rod, fatigue strength becomes its important performance indexes.In the suffered load of connecting rod, therefore Tensile or Compressive Loading is most importantly done test through repeated tension and compression test to the fatigue behaviour of connecting rod and is got a good eye value for the fatigue assessment of connecting rod.Both can make part guarantee the engine operate as normal, and can avoid again making connecting rod lay particular stress on safety.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provides a kind of connecting rod hydraulic fatigue test system to deficiency of the prior art, and the present invention carries out the tension and compression loading with hydraulic pressure the engine link fatigue properties are detected.
For solving this technical problem, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of connecting rod hydraulic fatigue test system, and it mainly is made up of test-bed and control system two big parts; Test-bed comprises: pumping plant mechanism, hydraulic loaded mechanism, testing table stage body, clamping and load carrier; Pumping plant mechanism, hydraulic loaded mechanism, clamping and load carrier all are fixed on the testing table stage body, and hydraulic loaded mechanism links to each other with pumping plant mechanism, and clamping and load carrier link to each other with hydraulic loaded mechanism.
Further; Said testing table stage body mainly is made up of test bed framework and testing table all-moving surface; Test bed framework is made up of two sheet metals up and down and four metal column guide rails connecting two sheet metals, and two metal coverings about the testing table all-moving surface comprises all are connected with four metal column guide rails.Said pumping plant mechanism comprises hydraulic power unit, fuel tank and motor, and hydraulic power unit fuel tank pipeline connects, and hydraulic power unit is by direct motor drive.Said hydraulic loaded mechanism comprises first accumulator, second accumulator, servo electromagnetic valve, hydraulic amplifier, hydraulic cylinder, also comprises auxiliary hydraulic pressure devices such as first oil filter, second oil filter, the 3rd oil filter, retaining valve, surplus valve simultaneously; The hydraulic servo solenoid valve is a three-position four-way valve, and its four oil circuits are respectively: high-pressure oil passage P, oil return circuit T and two working oil path A, B, and two working oil path A link to each other with hydraulic jack through hydraulic amplifier with B; Oil return circuit T is connected with the fuel tank pipeline, and high-pressure oil passage is connected with the hydraulic power unit pipeline through retaining valve, and on the high-pressure oil passage P of overflow oil circuit one termination servo electromagnetic valve, the other end links to each other with fuel tank, and surplus valve is fixed on the overflow oil circuit; First accumulator and second accumulator are used to keep the pilot system pressure stability; First accumulator links to each other with the oil return circuit T of servo electromagnetic valve; Second accumulator links to each other with the high-pressure oil passage P of servo electromagnetic valve; First oil filter, second oil filter, the 3rd oil filter are separately fixed on oil return circuit T, high-pressure oil passage P and the overflow oil circuit, are used to filter hydraulic oil.Said clamping and load carrier comprise load carrier, little fixture head, big fixture head, microcephaly's cutting ferrule, major part cutting ferrule and load sensor; Wherein, Load carrier links to each other with hydraulic cylinder; And be fixed on the following metal covering of testing table all-moving surface, load sensor is fixed on the last metal covering of testing table all-moving surface, and little fixture head is fastened on the load carrier through microcephaly's cutting ferrule; Microcephaly's cutting ferrule is fastened on the load carrier through little fixture head, and the major part cutting ferrule is fastened on the load sensor through big fixture head.Said control system comprises host computer, slave computer and foil gauge, and foil gauge links to each other with slave computer respectively with load sensor, and slave computer links to each other with host computer.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the invention belongs to the pilot system of the first independent research of domestic association area, can replace the tired real machine test of connecting rod, have higher reference value, practiced thrift cost greatly.
2, this pilot system is loaded as asymmetric loading to the tension and compression of connecting rod, realizes the arbitrary load ratio, can simulate than multi-state to load, and therefore can be applied to interior connecting rod torture test very on a large scale.
3, this pilot system is gathered and demonstrates the waveform of loading at any time to the pressure that connecting rod loaded through load sensor and America NI signal collecting device in process of the test.Like this, testing crew is the load condition of monitoring test better, accurately good operation of warranty test.
4, this pilot system both can be used for the engine link torture test, can be used for parts static tests such as engine link again, had realized functional diversities.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the pilot system synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 hydraulic loaded structural scheme of mechanism;
Fig. 3 control system functional block diagram;
Fig. 4 test routine block diagram;
Among the figure, test bed framework 1, hydraulic power unit 2, first accumulator 3, second accumulator 4, servo electromagnetic valve 5, hydraulic amplifier 6, hydraulic cylinder 7, load carrier 8, microcephaly's anchor clamps 9, microcephaly's cutting ferrule 10, connecting rod test specimen 11, major part cutting ferrule 12, big fixture head 13, load sensor 14, testing table all-moving surface 15, fuel tank 16, motor 17, first oil filter 18, second oil filter 19, the 3rd oil filter 20, retaining valve 21, surplus valve 22.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
One, the overall formation of engine link hydraulic fatigue test system
Pilot system is made up of test-bed and control system two big parts.According to the function branch, test-bed comprises: pumping plant mechanism, hydraulic loaded mechanism, testing table stage body, clamping and load carrier.
Pilot system is as shown in Figure 1.
Two, the pilot system each several part is introduced
Pumping plant mechanism
As shown in Figure 2, pumping plant mechanism comprises hydraulic power unit 2, fuel tank 16 and motor 17, and the main effect of pumping plant mechanism is for system provides hydraulic power, and the hydraulic oil of certain pressure, certain flow is provided to hydraulic loaded mechanism.But the hydraulic power unit 2 of this pilot system to be pressure flow compound off-load constant pressure variable displacement pump that the control ram pump constitutes, under the driving of motor 17, hydraulic power unit 2 provides pressure oil by oil suction in the fuel tank 16 to the common rail valve group.
Hydraulic loaded mechanism
Like Fig. 1, shown in 2; Hydraulic loaded mechanism comprises first accumulator 3, second accumulator 4, servo electromagnetic valve 5, hydraulic amplifier 6, hydraulic cylinder 7, also comprises auxiliary hydraulic pressure devices such as first oil filter 18, second oil filter 19, the 3rd oil filter 20, retaining valve 21, surplus valve 22 simultaneously.
Hydraulic servo solenoid valve 5 is a three-position four-way valve; Wherein P is that high-pressure oil passage, T are that oil return circuit, A and B are working oil path; Servo electromagnetic valve 5 has three states: off working state (P, T, A, B disconnect), P and A, T and B on-state, P and B, T and A on-state; Hydraulic amplifier 6 is used for the amplification to hydraulic pressure, so that bigger loaded load to be provided; Hydraulic jack 7 is a single pole two-way ram hydraulic cylinder, is used to carry out the loading to engine body; First accumulator 3 and second accumulator 4 are used to keep the pilot system pressure stability, and wherein, first accumulator 3 is positioned at oil return circuit, and second accumulator 4 is positioned at high-pressure oil passage; First oil filter 18, second oil filter 19, the 3rd oil filter 20 are used to filter hydraulic oil; Retaining valve 21 is used to prevent that pressure oil is back to hydraulic power unit; Surplus valve 22 is used to prevent hypertonia, and system pressure is remained on below the setting.
The practical implementation process is: hydraulic power unit 2 is under the drive of motor 17; Oil suction from fuel tank 16; Produce hydraulic oil; Hydraulic oil gets into high-pressure oil passage (when this moment, the hydraulic oil hypertonia surpassed the set pressure of surplus valve 22, surplus valve 22 was opened, and hydraulic oil flows back to fuel tank 16 through the 3rd oil filter 20) through second oil filter 19 and retaining valve 21; Second accumulator 4 links to each other with high-pressure oil passage, stable high voltage oil circuit internal pressure; When servo electromagnetic valve gets into duty; When P and A, T and B connect; Hydraulic oil injects hydraulic cylinder 7 bottoms through hydraulic amplifier 6, and top is in the oil return state, and hydraulic cylinder 7 pistons have upwards movement tendency; Generation just realizes the compressive load of connecting rod test specimen is loaded through setting value to the pressure of connecting rod test specimen; When P and B, T and A connect; Hydraulic oil injects hydraulic cylinder top through hydraulic amplifier 6, and the bottom is in the oil return state, and hydraulic cylinder piston has downward movement tendency; Generation just realizes the tensile load of connecting rod test specimen is loaded through setting value to the pulling force of connecting rod test specimen 11.
Whole hydraulic loading system can be realized the load mode of different frequency, different loads, different stress ratios under control.
The testing table stage body
As shown in Figure 1, the testing table stage body mainly is made up of test bed framework 1 and testing table all-moving surface 15, and the testing table stage body is used for fixing connecting rod test specimen and other mechanism.Test bed framework 1 is made up of two rectangular metal plate up and down and four metal column guide rails connecting two rectangular metal plate.Testing table all-moving surface 15 is divided into up and down two metal coverings, can move up and down along guide rail, can fix after moving to assigned address, carries out torture test with the connecting rod test specimen to different length.
Clamping and load carrier
As shown in Figure 1, clamping mechanism comprises load carrier 8, big fixture head 13, microcephaly's anchor clamps 9, major part cutting ferrule 12, microcephaly's cutting ferrule 10 and load sensor 14.
Under operating mode, be generally clearance fit between small end of connecting rod hole and the piston pin and lubricating oil arranged and have lining.In the torture test process, the installation way of connecting rod should be simulated the stand under load environment in the connecting rod real work as far as possible, and filling lubricating oil.When using HF fatigue testing machine to make an experiment; Because testing equipment requires must adopt interference fit between small end of connecting rod hole and the pin; The lubricating oil so can not annotate between small end of connecting rod hole and the piston pin; Stand under load situation and the actual condition of tie rod holes in process of the test has than big difference, influenced test findings.This pilot system frequency is basically below 15HZ, so do not adopt the installation way of high frequency fatigue test.
During test, major part substitutes with the size major part pin identical with rod journal, and the microcephaly hole can adopt gap fiting mode to be connected with piston pin.The major part major part cutting ferrule 12 of packing into then, microcephaly's microcephaly's cutting ferrule 10 of packing into, fastening by big fixture head 13 at last with microcephaly's anchor clamps 9, just can guarantee that connecting rod keeps static in the torture test process.
Signal measurement and monitoring system
The signal measurement of this pilot system mainly is divided into the measurement of strain signal and the measurement and the monitoring of monitoring and load signal with monitoring.For strain signal, accomplish through 9237 strain module, slave computer (CRIO controller) and the host computer (PC) of foil gauge, strainmeter and America NI company.For load signal, accomplish through 9201AD module, position machine (CRIO controller) and the host computer (PC) of load sensor 14, America NI company.The signal of being gathered connects host computer and the next control computer successively through signal wire.
For the monitoring of strain signal, be mainly used in judgement to the fatigure failure of body test specimen, after strain variation exceeded predetermined scope continuously, body test specimen generation fatigure failure will be judged by system.For the monitoring of load signal, mainly be the real load size that is loaded into the connecting rod test specimen in order to observe, can react the load condition of fatigue test system so more accurately.
Control system
The control system functional block diagram of hydraulic fatigue test rig is as shown in Figure 3; Native system adopts the upper and lower computer structure; Host computer is a PC, and following level controller adopts the embedded controller CRIO9014 of America NI company, and it comprises a real-time controller and 3,000,000 reconfigurable field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) chip; And comprise 8 hot plug industry I/O slots, can realize easily the measurement of signals such as strain, tension and compression load and the control output of servo electromagnetic valve.
In the process of the test, slave computer gives host computer for host computer demonstration, storage, analysis signal (through the collection of NI9201 module) communications such as the strain in the control procedure (gathering through the NI9237 module), load; Host computer is communicated by letter controlled variable (comprising the FPGA program) to slave computer again, through slave computer control hydraulic loading system (realizing through NI9263) and security alerting system (through realizing with NI9401 module and NI9485SSR module).The The whole control program is accomplished based on the LabVIEW development platform of NI company, has higher reliability and accuracy.
Safety and warning system
Carry out for the safety of warranty test, pilot system is provided with multiple warning device.Mainly contain: hydraulic fluid leak, line clogging, oil tank liquid level, fuel tank temperature, on-load pressure, the fatigure failure of test test specimen, test are overtime.When appearance was unusual, warning system was carried out fault alarm, and cuts off the pilot system power supply automatically, stops all actions of total system, and on PC, shows fault category.
The data storage analytic system
All measurement result in the test comprises final test findings, all is stored in the host computer appointed positions.The management of data is all carried out in database in the upper computer software, both has been convenient to operation, has also guaranteed safety of data.Data manipulation generates two files, and one is Test Information, and another is a test figure.
Test Information comprises test relevant informations such as test number, date of test, test specimen parameter, testing crew, test place; Test figure mainly is the test figure of gathering in the pilot system process of the test, mainly contains strain signal, tension and compression load signal, cycle index, fatigue state etc.
The analysis of test figure mainly is the judgement and the tension and compression load monitoring of fatigure failure when in process of the test, monitoring, and after the off-test to the analyzing later of data, draw the fatigue properties correlation parameter of test test specimen.
Three: pilot system is implemented
1. test preliminary work
At first, hydraulic system is prepared in debugging, comprises pumping plant mechanism and hydraulic loaded mechanism.Guarantee that pipeline is common, the hydraulic fluid pressure temperature is normal, oil tank liquid level normal, the accumulator working index is normal, the servo electromagnetic valve state is normal, electric control system is normal.
Secondly, the installation of test specimen.
(1) the major part pin identical with rod journal is installed to connecting rod test specimen major part;
(2) piston pin is installed to connecting rod test specimen microcephaly;
(3) filling lubricating oil in back is installed;
(4), clamp by big fixture head 13 with the major part major part cutting ferrule 12 of packing into; Microcephaly's microcephaly's cutting ferrule 10 of packing into is clamped by microcephaly's anchor clamps 9;
(5) paste foil gauge at connecting rod test specimen 11 each collecting part;
(6) connection status of inspection load sensor 14 and load carrier and clamping mechanism and connecting rod test specimen 11 is guaranteed good;
(7) connect each pipeline of hydraulic loading system;
(8) test specimen strain acquirement and tension and compression load is gathered acquisition module in the connecting line Access Control cabinet, guarantees that line is correct.
(9) last, to accomplish upper computer software and install, the The whole control system self check is normal.
2. process of the test
After set-up procedure finishes, the process that will make an experiment, experiment process figure is as shown in Figure 4.
(1) total system is opened and is carried out self check.
(2) test parameters is provided with, comprises: test relevant information such as test number, date of test, testing crew, test place, test unit; Test such as connecting rod model, cylinder diameter, rated engine speed, maximum (top) speed, crank length, piston set quality, connection rod set quality, maximum outbreak pressure, length of connecting rod test specimen relevant information; Torture test information such as loading frequency, cycle index, maximum compression load, maximum tension load.
(3) the pilot system each several part is started working, and carries out the connecting rod torture test.In the process of the test, the host computer observation interface shows the each several part monitoring information, test carry out continuously up to system break down, the connecting rod fatigure failure is judged successfully, specifies perhaps artificial shutdown system of testing cycle end.Test figure is preserved and is accomplished test.
What more than announce at last, only is specific embodiment of the present invention.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate from content disclosed by the invention all should be thought protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a connecting rod hydraulic fatigue test system is characterized in that, it mainly is made up of test-bed and control system two big parts; Test-bed comprises: pumping plant mechanism, hydraulic loaded mechanism, testing table stage body, clamping and load carrier; Pumping plant mechanism, hydraulic loaded mechanism, clamping and load carrier all are fixed on the testing table stage body, and hydraulic loaded mechanism links to each other with pumping plant mechanism, and clamping and load carrier link to each other with hydraulic loaded mechanism.
2. according to the said connecting rod hydraulic fatigue test system of claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said testing table stage body mainly is made up of test bed framework (1) and testing table all-moving surface (15); Test bed framework (1) is made up of two sheet metals up and down and four metal column guide rails connecting two sheet metals, and two metal coverings about testing table all-moving surface 15 comprises all are connected with four metal column guide rails.
3. according to the said connecting rod hydraulic fatigue test system of claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said pumping plant mechanism comprises hydraulic power unit (2), fuel tank (16) and motor (17), and hydraulic power unit (2) fuel tank (16) pipeline connects, and hydraulic power unit (2) is driven by motor (17).
4. according to the said connecting rod hydraulic fatigue test system of claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said hydraulic loaded mechanism comprises first accumulator (3), second accumulator (4), servo electromagnetic valve (5), hydraulic amplifier (6), hydraulic cylinder (7), also comprises first oil filter (18), second oil filter (19), the 3rd oil filter (20), retaining valve (21), surplus valve auxiliary hydraulic pressure devices such as (22) simultaneously; Hydraulic servo solenoid valve (5) is a three-position four-way valve, and its four oil circuits are respectively: high-pressure oil passage P, oil return circuit T and two working oil path A, B, and two working oil path A link to each other with hydraulic jack (7) through hydraulic amplifier (6) with B; Oil return circuit T is connected with fuel tank (16) pipeline; High-pressure oil passage P is connected with hydraulic power unit (2) pipeline through retaining valve (21); On the high-pressure oil passage P of overflow oil circuit one termination servo electromagnetic valve (5), the other end links to each other with fuel tank (16), and surplus valve (22) is fixed on the overflow oil circuit; First accumulator (3) and second accumulator (4) are used to keep the pilot system pressure stability; First accumulator (3) links to each other with the oil return circuit T of servo electromagnetic valve (5); Second accumulator (4) links to each other with the high-pressure oil passage P of servo electromagnetic valve (5); First oil filter (18), second oil filter (19), the 3rd oil filter (20) are separately fixed on oil return circuit T, high-pressure oil passage P and the overflow oil circuit, are used to filter hydraulic oil.
5. according to the said connecting rod hydraulic fatigue test system of claim 1; It is characterized in that said clamping and load carrier comprise load carrier (8), little fixture head (9), big fixture head (13), microcephaly's cutting ferrule (10), major part cutting ferrule (12) and load sensor (14); Wherein, Load carrier (8) links to each other with hydraulic cylinder (7); And be fixed on the following metal covering of testing table all-moving surface (15), load sensor (14) is fixed on the last metal covering of testing table all-moving surface (15), and little fixture head (9) is fastened on the load carrier (8) through microcephaly's cutting ferrule (10); Microcephaly's cutting ferrule (10) is fastened on the load carrier (8) through little fixture head (9), and major part cutting ferrule (12) is fastened on the load sensor (14) through big fixture head (13).
6. according to the said connecting rod hydraulic fatigue test system of claim 1, it is characterized in that said control system comprises host computer, slave computer and foil gauge, foil gauge links to each other with slave computer respectively with load sensor 14, and slave computer links to each other with host computer.
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Application publication date: 20120328 |