CN102392858B

CN102392858B - Symmetrical ball roller path constant velocity cardan joint

Info

Publication number: CN102392858B
Application number: CN201110344541.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 彭敖勇
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-11-04
Filing date: 2011-11-04
Publication date: 2014-03-19
Anticipated expiration: 2031-11-04
Also published as: CN102392858A

Abstract

The invention relates to a symmetrical ball roller path constant velocity cardan joint. In the constant velocity cardan joint, the axes of two transmission shaft have an included angle bisection plane in a space. The symmetrical ball roller path constant velocity cardan joint is characterized in that roller path shells, roller paths of roller path shafts and roller path center tracing lines are symmetrical around the inclined angle bisection plane of the two transmission shafts; the roller path center tracing line is a straight line which is intersected with or offset with the axis of the transmission shaft, a plane curve (conic curve, trigonometric function curve and the like), a space curve or a head-and-tail tangent combined curve formed by the straight, the plane curve and the space curve; the symmetrical ball roller path constant velocity cardan joint is of a basic type of a single roller path and of a composite type of multiple groups of roller paths; the roller path shells and the roller paths of the roller path shaft respectively rotate around respective axis and are in circumferential bisection uniform distribution; and the path shells and the roller path shaft ensure the sphere centers of the balls in the roller path to be on the inclined angle bisection plane through a ball retainer in the roller path. Compared with the existing constant velocity cardan joint, the constant velocity cardan joint of the invention has good processing technology, high efficiency, high bearing capacity and low noise vibration, can be widely applied to mechanical transmission industries such as automobile, engineering machinery and the like.

Description

Symmetrical ball roller path constant velocity cardan joint

Technical field

The present invention is a kind of constant velocity universal mechanical transmission, is a kind of shaft coupling.

Background technique

Ball roller path constant velocity cardan joint has ball-cage constant velocity universal joint and telescopic ball-cage constant velocity universal to save two kinds at present.The shortcomings such as curve raceway manufacturability is poor, and bearing capacity is low, and ball cage has axial force, and friction is large, and assembling is complicated.Symmetrical ball roller path constant velocity cardan joint can overcome above shortcoming.

Summary of the invention

Symmetrical ball roller path constant velocity cardan joint has basic model (A type) and compound (Type B) two kinds.The raceway center trace of raceway shell and raceway axle is symmetrical with minute face M such as two transmission axis angles, thereby obtains uniform motion characteristics.

Raceway center trace is at the straight line (Fig. 1) with transmission axes intersect or the biasing of having living space, continuous smooth plane curve (conical section, trigonometric function etc.), continuous smooth space curve or the tangent build-up curve (Fig. 2) of their head and the tail.All raceway center trace of basic model (A type) are that above-mentioned single trace forms around the rotation of transmission axis circumference equal dividing.Ball bowl replaces ball cage to guarantee that ball is on point faces such as two transmission axis angles, and ball bowl end face the raceway number redial projection such as has with the surface of contact of increase ball bowl and ball.Raceway number can be the integer that is more than or equal to two.Moment is by raceway shell, and ball, passes on raceway axle.Ball bowl can swing around the centre of sphere (two transmission shaft intersection points) between the sphere of raceway shell, raceway axle, raceway cap.Between raceway shell and raceway axle, be that spherical motion is secondary, ball bowl and raceway cap are also that spherical motion is secondary, and between this spherical pair, available sliding bearing or ball reduce sliding friction.Raceway axle can be divided into star sleeve and splined shaft and snap ring according to matching requirements.Ball bowl and most raceway shell, raceway axle can be made by precision forging.

Compound (Type B) raceway shell, raceway axle raceway have more than two groups or two groups different raceway center trace simultaneously, and wherein the center trace figure of the raceway shell of two groups, raceway axle must be with the axle vertical surface H1 by two transmission crossing point of axes and H2 respectively symmetrical (Fig. 3).Each group is to have two, three, four, five, six single trace raceways.Two groups of straight line center trace and can be respectively+/ γ of transmission axis angle; Three groups of straight line center trace and can be respectively+γ of transmission axis angle, 0 ,-γ.Axial or radial disbalance or the skew of two groups of conical section center trace are respectively +/-e1, +/-e2 or rotation.Moment of torsion is by raceway shell, ball, pass to star sleeve, on splined shaft, the axial force on compound ball cage can reduce or offset, and reduces friction, ball cage guarantees that ball is on point faces such as two transmission axis angles, group can equate with ball and raceway diameter between group, also can be unequal, and track center trace plane can have offset with transmission axis.

Compound two suite trajectory numbers are 6,10 o'clock, 180 degree direction track opening angles contrary (Fig. 4); During multiple that compound two suite trajectory numbers are 4,180 degree direction track opening angles are identical.

The raceway center trace of compound two suite line styles has the sinusoidal line (Fig. 3) under polar coordinates, positive tangent etc., sinusoidal line peak point can be connected to the conplane tangent circular arc concentric with transmission shaft intersection point, track away from transmission axis plane has large track opening angle ψ like this, can bear the axial force of mitre transmission, avoid friction self-locking, put forward the guiding force of arch retainer simultaneously, reduce the positive pressure of track contact, reduce transmission pressure angle, it is compound when the transmission shaft angle of cut is large, track close to transmission axis plane is equal or close, transmission pressure angle is little, axial force is little, can transmit wholesale moment of torsion.

1. the equation of the sinusoidal line under polar coordinates can be expressed as:

R＝Rm+T*sin(π/2*θ/θmax)

Rm is track mid point M radius, and R is any point radius in sinusoidal line, and θ is the polar angle (θ max≤θ≤θ max) of any point, and T is peak swing (is less than retainer radial thickness half), and θ max is monolateral maximum polar angle corresponding to sinusoidal line.

2. the equation of the positive tangent under polar coordinates can be expressed as:

θ＝K*tan(π/2*(R-Rm)/T)

The size of K value is controlled the track opening angle of mid point M.

The equation of sphere sinusoidal line can be expressed as ((Fig. 5):

R＝Rm

β＝K*sin(π/2*θ/θmax)

Rm is track mid point M radius, and R is any point radius in sinusoidal line, and θ is the axial polar angle of any point (θ max≤θ≤θ max), and θ max is monolateral maximum polar angle corresponding to sinusoidal line.β is the circumferential displacement angle of transmission shaft.

The advantage of sphere sinusoidal line is that the radial position of ball and ball cage is constant, and the available circular arc of ball cage reveal face replaces plane.The space curve that can be used for track center track has a lot, available numerical control milling machine processing raceway.

Little and when changing little and diaxon and having larger displacement to axial for the two transmission shaft angles of cut, can adopt compound flexible constant velocity universal joint (Fig. 6).Raceway number is 3 to 6.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 straight basic type

Fig. 2 combined planar curve basic model

The compound polar coordinates sinusoidal track of Fig. 3 trace

The compound rail coordinate of Fig. 4 sinusoidal track constant velocity universal joint

Fig. 5 sphere sinusoidal track trace

The compound flexible constant velocity universal joint of Fig. 6

Embodiment

This constant velocity universal joint is by track shell, axis of an orbit, retainer (ball cage or ball bowl), stuffing box gland, track cap, grease, bolt, the compositions such as ball.Moment of torsion by raceway shell, ball, pass on raceway axle, ball bowl can raceway shell, raceway axle, raceway cap, sphere between around the centre of sphere (two transmission shaft intersection points), swing, between raceway shell and raceway axle, it is spherical pair, ball bowl and raceway cap are also spherical pairs, and the ball centre of sphere is on the equidistant point of two transmission shafts.When two drive shaft axis variable angle, equidistant point also changes position.

Track shell, axis of an orbit, retainer are formed by precision die forging by superior alloy steel.After heat treatment, can grinding and crust be processed to form accurate plane of trajectory orbital.

Claims

1. symmetric type ball roller path constant velocity cardan joint, it is characterized in that: the raceway of raceway shell, raceway axle, raceway center trace are with two transmission axis angle decile faces symmetries, raceway center trace is at straight line, smooth continuous plane curve, smooth continuous space curve or the tangent smooth build-up curve of their head and the tail with transmission axes intersect or the biasing of having living space, the plane at the plane curve place of track center trace can with transmission axes intersect, parallel or in same plane:

All raceway center trace of basic model A type are that single trace forms around the rotation of transmission axis circumference equal dividing, ball bowl replaces ball cage to guarantee that ball is on point faces such as two transmission axis angles, the raceway number redial projections such as ball bowl end face has are to increase the surface of contact of ball bowl and ball, raceway number is to be more than or equal to two integer, moment is by raceway shell, ball passes on raceway axle, ball bowl can be at raceway shell, raceway axle, between the sphere of raceway cap, around the centre of sphere, swing, between raceway shell and raceway axle, be that spherical motion is secondary, ball bowl and raceway cap are also that spherical motion is secondary, between this spherical motion pair, can reduce sliding friction with spherical bearing or ball, raceway axle can be split as star sleeve and splined shaft and snap ring according to matching requirements, ball bowl and some raceway shell, raceway axle can be made by grinding after precision forging or heat, the correction of the flank shape of raceway energy, unique ball bowl can improve groove depth, improve bearing capacity,

Compound Type B raceway shell, it is that A type is compound that raceway axle raceway has more than two groups different raceway center trace simultaneously, the raceway shell of two groups wherein, the center trace group of raceway axle respectively must be symmetrical with group to pass through the Planar realization group that two transmission crossing point of axes and its axis are vertical with the shape of group, all raceways are uniform to decile around axis revolution, each group is to have two, three, four, five, six single trace raceways, two groups of straight line center trace and transmission axis angle are respectively +/-γ, three groups of straight line center trace and be respectively+γ of transmission axis angle, 0,-γ, moment is by raceway shell, ball passes to star sleeve, on splined shaft, axial force on compound ball cage can reduce or offset, reduce friction, ball cage guarantees that the ball centre of sphere is on point faces such as two transmission axis angles, group can equate with ball and raceway diameter between group, also can be unequal.

2. constant velocity universal joint as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the raceway center trace of compound two groups of Plane Curved line styles has the sinusoidal line under polar coordinates, positive tangent, sinusoidal line peak point can be connected to the conplane tangent circular arc concentric with transmission shaft intersection point, track away from transmission axis plane has large track opening angle like this, can bear the axial force of mitre transmission, avoid friction self-locking, put forward the guiding force of arch retainer simultaneously, reduce the positive pressure of track contact, reduce transmission pressure angle, it is compound when the transmission shaft angle of cut is large, track close to transmission axis plane is identical or close, transmission pressure angle is little, axial force is little, can transmit wholesale moment of torsion, for the compound constant velocity universal joint that has the straight line center trace of two groups to three groups, when γ angle is very little, can develop into the Telescopic constant-velocity universal joint of the dribbling cage with small inclination, if crossed axis angle hour, continuing to be reduced to outer raceway shell inclination angle is zero, the raceway center line of raceway axle is with the plane curve of the axis vertical plane symmetry by the raceway axle centre of sphere or their assemble line, becomes telescopic almost constant speed's universal joint of the cage of not dribbling.

3. constant velocity universal joint as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the raceway center trace of compound two groups of space curve types has the sphere sinusoidal line comprising under cylindrical helix, spherical coordinates, the space curve of positive tangent, ball sphere centre trajectory is when sphere, ball cage window two inner side plane can be circular arc correction of the flank shape, the contact stress that reduces ball and ball cage guarantees that ball is on the equidistant point of the axis angle of cut simultaneously.