CN102390190A - Preparation process of electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel for induction cooler - Google Patents
Preparation process of electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel for induction cooler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102390190A CN102390190A CN2011102825310A CN201110282531A CN102390190A CN 102390190 A CN102390190 A CN 102390190A CN 2011102825310 A CN2011102825310 A CN 2011102825310A CN 201110282531 A CN201110282531 A CN 201110282531A CN 102390190 A CN102390190 A CN 102390190A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electromagnetic induction
- induction heating
- web plate
- preparation technology
- heating coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Induction Heating Cooking Devices (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation process of an electromagnetic induction heating coating of a vessel for an induction cooler. The preparation process is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) placing base material subjected to treatments of oil removing or sand blasting, coarsening and oil removing under a screen plate, adding an electromagnetic induction heating paint in a feeding frame of the screen plate, and printing with a scraper, wherein during printing, an included angle between the scraper and a silk screen of the screen plate is 50-70 degrees for scraping printing; (2), baking: placing the printed base material in an oven for baking, wherein the temperature is raised to 550-590 DEG C with a temperature raising speed of 15-20 DEG C/min, the temperature is maintained for 10-20 min, and the temperature is reduced to 60-100 DEG C with a temperature reducing speed of 15-20 DEG C/min; (3) cooling: taking the baked base material out of the oven, and cooling naturally to the room temperature. In the preparation process, the operation is convenient, and cleaning is easy; in addition, the thickness of a coating film is uniform, the binding firmness of the paint and the surface of the vessel is high, and no harmful material is generated during the heating process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation technology of a kind of electromagnetic oven with the coating of vessel, especially a kind of electromagnetic oven is with the preparation technology of the electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel.
Background technology
Electromagnetic oven is used electromagnetic induction principle food is heated; When the coil of alternating current through ceramic wafer below produces magnetic field, when the magnetic line of force magnetic field in passes bottom such as iron pan, stainless-steel pan, the generation eddy current; Make the bottom of a pan generate heat rapidly, reach the purpose of heated food.Because the non-magnetic material can not effectively converge the magnetic line of force, almost can not form eddy current, so do not heat basically; In addition, the magnetic material that conductive capability is poor especially is because its resistivity is too high, and the eddy current of generation is also very little, can not fine generation heat.So the pot body material that electromagnetic oven uses is that electric conductivity is better relatively, the metal of ferrimagnet or alloy and their complex.This has just limited the pottery pot of high insulating effect, the application of other cook utensils on electromagnetic oven such as light and handy aluminum pot easily.
The method that the present surface-coated that is employed in pot body has electromagnetic induction heating coating more solves this problem.CN1976550A discloses a kind of electromagnetic heating spray coating liquor, is implemented in the application on the electromagnetic oven through outside or the inner bottom surface that metal spraying liquid is sprayed to cooking ware.But this technology is not easy to control coating thickness, the problem of membrane thickness unevenness can occur, causes in the use food inequality of being heated.Sprayed coating and vessel surface fastness are not enough simultaneously, come off easily.CN1900020A discloses a kind of magnetic resonant heating film that has, and through processes such as ball milling batching, die, pad pasting, decoration firings film is attached to the bottom that is heated of pottery, realized the use of pottery on electromagnetic oven, but process is comparatively loaded down with trivial details.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that exists in the prior art, the preparation technology of a kind of electromagnetic oven with the electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel is provided, solve present electromagnetic induction coating and combine fastness not high, the uneven problem of coating thickness with the pot body.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention, a kind of electromagnetic oven comprises following processing step with the preparation technology of the electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel:
(1) will be placed under the web plate through oil removing or the base material after sandblast, alligatoring, oil removal treatment; In the reinforced frame of web plate, add the electromagnetic induction exothermic paint; With scraper plate the surface of base material is printed, the angle that the silk screen of printing process middle scraper and web plate is 50 ~ 70 degree scrapes;
(2) baking: the base material after will printing places baking oven to toast, and is warming up to 550 ~ 590 ℃ with 15 ~ 20 ℃/min programming rate earlier, insulation 10 ~ 20min, and the cooling rate with 15 ~ 20 ℃/min is cooled to 60 ~ 100 ℃ again;
(3) cool off: the base material after the above-mentioned baking is taken out from baking oven naturally cool to room temperature.
Be printed with substrate surface spraying one deck nano ceramics, organosilicon or the polyamide coated of electromagnetic induction coating and then baking; The thickness of the thick-layer of organosilicon or polyamide coated is 50 ~ 100 μ m.
Said electromagnetic induction exothermic paint is 50 ~ 150 μ m at the thickness of substrate surface.
Said base material is the vessel of glass, pottery, aluminium, aluminium alloy or stainless steel.
The screen frame of said web plate adopts aluminium, magnesium or stainless steel to process; The silk screen of said screen frame adopts nylon, terylene or stainless steel wire to process.
The silk screen aperture of said web plate is 100 ~ 200 orders.
Said scraper plate adopts natural rubber, synthetic rubber, polyurethane rubber or stainless steel material to process.
In the step (1), in the printing process, scraper plate comes and goes the web plate surface and scrapes for 2 ~ 3 times.
Preparation technology's scope of application of electromagnetic induction heating coating of the present invention is extensive, promptly can be used for non-magnetic materials such as pottery, glassware, also can be used for the metal material of magnetic conductivity differences such as aluminium matter, stainless steel; Preparation technology is simple, adopts screen printing, and is easy to operate, is easy to clean; Baking temperature is low, energy savings; Coating thickness is even, and coating combines fastness high with vessel surface, can use for a long time, and unharmful substance produces in the heating process, and is safe and practical.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described further.
The screen frame of web plate used in the present invention adopts aluminium, magnesium or stainless steel material to process, and the screen frame of these materials can guarantee stable tension, satisfies the repeatedly required precision of printing, has also avoided wooden frame to meet the water distortion simultaneously, and chase is prone to problems such as rust; Web material is selected nylon, terylene or stainless steel wire etc. for use, and these materials have better elastic and intensity, can stand back and forth dilatory and is unlikely to be torn; Good stability, chemicals corrosion such as the anti-pigment of ability, printing ink, solvent, and be easy to clean.
The aperture of web plate used in the present invention is 100 ~ 200 orders, and the aperture of web plate directly has influence on printing quality, and the aperture is too big, and the amount of slurry that is printed onto substrate surface is too many, and coating layer thickness is wayward, can cause became uneven; The too little meeting in aperture causes slurry to stop up mesh, so the aperture of web plate can not should be selected the aperture of web plate according to the particle diameter of slurry less than the particle diameter of slurry.
Scraper plate used in the present invention is processed by natural rubber, synthetic rubber, polyurethane rubber or stainless steel material; Scraper plate directly contacts with silk screen; Scrape Shi Douyou friction, this just requires to scrape, and to pull wearability good, and have lubricity and certain mechanical strength at every turn; Can reduce friction when scraping, to guarantee the service life of scraper plate as far as possible.Scraper plate in use will contact all kinds of printing ink and solvent, so also need have solvent resistance preferably.Scraper plate can change its temperature rising back hardness because of friction produces heat when scraping, and this attention selects to be difficult for the material of temperature distortion when selecting vane material.
Between printing process middle scraper and silk screen, should be kept at an angle, be generally 50 ~ 70 degree; Scraper plate should at the uniform velocity come and go and scrape, and can guarantee that like this slurry fills up whole mesh, and then seeing through silk screen, to be coated to the amount of slurry of substrate surface even, and the coating thickness that finally obtains is consistent.In the screen printing process, can repeat print according to actual needs reaches desired coating layer thickness twice or three times, and coating of the present invention should be controlled at 50 ~ 150 μ m at the film forming thickness of substrate surface.
To carry out baking-curing after the slurry printing, must be familiar with the temperature curve of slurry baking, select suitable baking method and equipment, generally take the segmented baking, first low temperature, back high temperature.If solidify earlier on the surface of first high temperature then slurry, inner solvent is not easy to evaporate, and causes drying not thoroughly or need to prolong drying time and cause the wasting of resources.Bake process of the present invention is incubated 10 ~ 20min after being warming up to 550 ~ 590 ℃ with 15 ~ 20 ℃/min speed earlier, and then taking-up naturally cools to room temperature after being cooled to below 100 ℃ with 15 ~ 20 ℃/min speed.
It is high temperature resistant that the surface of electromagnetic induction heating coating according to the invention can also apply one deck again; Wear-resistant and corrosion resistant protective finish; Prevent that in long-term use the corrosion of electromagnetic induction heating coating Yin Gaowen, friction and liquid and coming off prolongs the service life of product.Protective finish can be selected nano ceramics, organosilicon or polyamide coated for use.
Electromagnetic induction exothermic paint used in the present invention adopts homemade electromagnetic induction exothermic paint; Get silver oxide or silver powder, the 30g boron glass powder of 100g, the iron powder of 30g, the ethyl cellulose of 80g and be dissolved in the 320g diphenyl ether; Mix; Grind 3 circulations through three-roll grinder, make the electromagnetic induction exothermic paint.
Embodiment one: a kind of electromagnetic oven comprises following processing step with the preparation technology of the electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel:
(1) will be placed under the web plate through the glassware bottom surface after the oil removal treatment; In the reinforced frame of web plate, add the electromagnetic induction exothermic paint; With scraper plate the bottom surface of glassware is printed, the round web plate of the angle surface that the silk screen of printing process middle scraper and web plate is 60 degree scrapes for 2 times; The screen frame of said web plate adopts aluminium to process; The silk screen of said screen frame adopts terylene to process; The silk screen aperture of said web plate is 150 orders; Said scraper plate adopts polyurethane rubber to process;
(2) baking: the glassware after will printing places baking oven to toast, and is warming up to 550 ℃ with 15 ℃/min programming rate earlier, insulation 20min, and the cooling rate with 15 ℃/min is cooled to 100 ℃ again;
(3) cool off: the glassware after the above-mentioned baking is taken out from baking oven naturally cool to room temperature; Said electromagnetic induction exothermic paint is 50 μ m at the thickness of substrate surface.
In above-mentioned glassware, add the 1L running water and placed on the electromagnetic oven of power 800W heating 8 minutes, water temperature can reach 100 ℃.
Embodiment two: a kind of electromagnetic oven comprises following processing step with the preparation technology of the electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel:
(1) will be placed under the web plate through the pottery bottom surface after the oil removal treatment; In the reinforced frame of web plate, add the electromagnetic induction exothermic paint; With scraper plate the bottom surface of pottery is printed, the round web plate of the angle surface that the silk screen of printing process middle scraper and web plate is 50 degree scrapes for 3 times; The screen frame of said web plate adopts magnesium material to process; The silk screen of said screen frame adopts nylon to process; The silk screen aperture of said web plate is 200 orders; Said scraper plate adopts stainless steel material to process;
(2) baking: the pottery after will printing places baking oven to toast, and is warming up to 570 ℃ with 18 ℃/min programming rate earlier, insulation 15min, and the cooling rate with 20 ℃/min is cooled to 100 ℃ again;
(3) cool off: the pottery after the above-mentioned baking is taken out from baking oven naturally cool to room temperature; Said electromagnetic induction exothermic paint is 150 μ m at the thickness of substrate surface.
In above-mentioned pottery, add the 1L running water and placed on the electromagnetic oven of power 800W heating 7.5 minutes, water temperature can reach 100 ℃.
Embodiment three: a kind of electromagnetic oven comprises following processing step with the preparation technology of the electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel:
(1) will be placed under the web plate through the aluminium matter vessel bottom surface after sandblast, alligatoring, the oil removal treatment; In the reinforced frame of web plate, add the electromagnetic induction exothermic paint; With scraper plate the bottom surface of aluminium matter vessel is printed, the round web plate of the angle surface that the silk screen of printing process middle scraper and web plate is 70 degree scrapes for 2 times; The screen frame of said web plate adopts stainless steel to process; The silk screen of said screen frame adopts stainless steel wire to process; The silk screen aperture of said web plate is 100 orders; Said scraper plate adopts silicon rubber to process;
(2) baking: the aluminium matter vessel after will printing place baking oven to toast, and are warming up to 590 ℃ with 20 ℃/min programming rate earlier, insulation 10min, and the cooling rate with 17 ℃/min is cooled to 90 ℃ again;
(3) cool off: the aluminium matter vessel after the above-mentioned baking are taken out from baking oven naturally cool to room temperature; Said electromagnetic induction exothermic paint is 100 μ m at the thickness of substrate surface.
In above-mentioned aluminium matter vessel, add the 1L running water and placed on the electromagnetic oven of power 800W heating 8.5 minutes, water temperature can reach 100 ℃.
Embodiment four: a kind of electromagnetic oven comprises following processing step with the preparation technology of the electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel:
(1) will be placed under the web plate through the stainless steel ware bottom surface after sandblast, alligatoring, the oil removal treatment; In the reinforced frame of web plate, add the electromagnetic induction exothermic paint; Print with scraper plate, the round web plate of the angle surface that the silk screen of printing process middle scraper and web plate is 60 degree scrapes for 2 times; The screen frame of said web plate adopts aluminum to process; The silk screen of said screen frame adopts terylene to process; The silk screen aperture of said web plate is 120 orders; Said scraper plate adopts natural rubber to process;
(2) baking: the stainless steel ware after will printing places baking oven to toast, and is warming up to 560 ℃ with 20 ℃/min programming rate earlier, insulation 12min, and the cooling rate with 16 ℃/min is cooled to 95 ℃ again;
(3) cool off: the stainless steel ware after the above-mentioned baking is taken out from baking oven naturally cool to room temperature; Said electromagnetic induction exothermic paint is 120 μ m at the thickness of substrate surface;
(4) be printed with stainless steel ware surface spraying one deck polyamide coated of electromagnetic induction coating, the thickness of the thick-layer of said polyamide coated is 50 ~ 100 μ m.
In above-mentioned stainless steel ware, add the 1L running water and placed on the electromagnetic oven of power 800W heating 9 minutes, water temperature can reach 100 ℃.
Claims (8)
1. an electromagnetic oven is characterized in that with the preparation technology of the electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel, comprises following processing step:
(1) will be placed under the web plate through oil removing or the base material after sandblast, alligatoring, oil removal treatment; In the reinforced frame of web plate, add the electromagnetic induction exothermic paint; With scraper plate the surface of base material is printed, the angle that the silk screen of printing process middle scraper and web plate is 50～70 degree scrapes;
(2) baking: the base material after will printing places baking oven to toast, and is warming up to 550～590 ℃ with 15～20 ℃/min programming rate earlier, insulation 10～20min, and the cooling rate with 15～20 ℃/min is cooled to 60～100 ℃ again;
(3) cool off: the base material after the above-mentioned baking is taken out from baking oven naturally cool to room temperature.
2. the preparation technology of electromagnetic induction heating coating as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: be printed with substrate surface spraying one deck nano ceramics, organosilicon or the polyamide coated of electromagnetic induction coating and then baking; The thickness of the thick-layer of organosilicon or polyamide coated is 50～100 μ m.
3. the preparation technology of electromagnetic induction heating coating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said electromagnetic induction exothermic paint is 50～150 μ m at the thickness of substrate surface.
4. the preparation technology of electromagnetic induction heating coating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said base material is the vessel of glass, pottery, aluminium, aluminium alloy or stainless steel.
5. the preparation technology of electromagnetic induction heating coating as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the screen frame of said web plate adopts aluminium, magnesium or stainless steel to process; The silk screen of said screen frame adopts nylon, terylene or stainless steel wire to process.
6. like the preparation technology of the electromagnetic induction of claim 1 or 5 heating coating, it is characterized in that: the silk screen aperture of said web plate is 100 ~ 200 orders.
7. the preparation technology of electromagnetic induction heating coating as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: said scraper plate adopts natural rubber, synthetic rubber, polyurethane rubber or stainless steel material to process.
8. the preparation technology of electromagnetic induction heating coating as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (1), in the printing process, scraper plate comes and goes the web plate surface and scrapes for 2～3 times.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110282531.0A CN102390190B (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | Preparation process of electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel for induction cooler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110282531.0A CN102390190B (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | Preparation process of electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel for induction cooler |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102390190A true CN102390190A (en) | 2012-03-28 |
| CN102390190B CN102390190B (en) | 2014-07-30 |
Family
ID=45857623
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110282531.0A Active CN102390190B (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | Preparation process of electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel for induction cooler |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102390190B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105544058A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-05-04 | 英凯模金属网有限公司 | Stainless steel wire mesh and spraying technique thereof |
| CN105611660A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-05-25 | 贺利氏德国有限责任两合公司 | Method of manufacturing electric induction heating component |
| CN108937608A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-12-07 | 湖北华强日用玻璃有限公司 | The processing technology of glass magnetic conducting and heating disk |
| CN109316046A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-02-12 | 湖北华强日用玻璃有限公司 | A method of magnetic conducting and heating body is made with full glassware |
| CN109332116A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-02-15 | 佛山市摩陶新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of curing method of electromagnetic heating coating |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1586372A (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2005-03-02 | 刘华君 | Conductive ceramic utensil for electromagnetic stove and its producing method |
| CN1900020A (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2007-01-24 | 陈国彬 | Method for producing electromagnetic stove ceramic cooking utensil with magnetic resonant heating film |
| CN2860291Y (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-01-24 | 吴亚南 | Purple sand/glass ware dedicated for electromagnetic stove |
| CN201143138Y (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-11-05 | 陈镜权 | Ceramic vessel |
| CN101822487A (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2010-09-08 | 佛山市顺德区锐新科屏蔽材料有限公司 | Non-ferrous and non-steel ware capable of emitting heat by absorbing electromagnetic wave and manufacture method thereof |
-
2011
- 2011-09-22 CN CN201110282531.0A patent/CN102390190B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1586372A (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2005-03-02 | 刘华君 | Conductive ceramic utensil for electromagnetic stove and its producing method |
| CN2860291Y (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-01-24 | 吴亚南 | Purple sand/glass ware dedicated for electromagnetic stove |
| CN1900020A (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2007-01-24 | 陈国彬 | Method for producing electromagnetic stove ceramic cooking utensil with magnetic resonant heating film |
| CN201143138Y (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-11-05 | 陈镜权 | Ceramic vessel |
| CN101822487A (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2010-09-08 | 佛山市顺德区锐新科屏蔽材料有限公司 | Non-ferrous and non-steel ware capable of emitting heat by absorbing electromagnetic wave and manufacture method thereof |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105611660A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-05-25 | 贺利氏德国有限责任两合公司 | Method of manufacturing electric induction heating component |
| CN105544058A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-05-04 | 英凯模金属网有限公司 | Stainless steel wire mesh and spraying technique thereof |
| CN108937608A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-12-07 | 湖北华强日用玻璃有限公司 | The processing technology of glass magnetic conducting and heating disk |
| CN109332116A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-02-15 | 佛山市摩陶新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of curing method of electromagnetic heating coating |
| CN109316046A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-02-12 | 湖北华强日用玻璃有限公司 | A method of magnetic conducting and heating body is made with full glassware |
| CN109316046B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2021-04-09 | 湖北华强日用玻璃有限公司 | Method for manufacturing magnetic conductive heating element by using all-glass ware |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102390190B (en) | 2014-07-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102390190B (en) | Preparation process of electromagnetic induction heating coating of vessel for induction cooler | |
| CN110117765B (en) | TiO 2 2 Base electrothermal coating and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108324119A (en) | Cookware and preparation method thereof and cooking apparatus | |
| WO2011060045A2 (en) | Sol-gel coating for steel and cast iron substrates and methods of making and using same | |
| CN104545487A (en) | Processing method of electromagnetic inner pot | |
| CN111139423A (en) | Coating, preparation method thereof, pot and cooking utensil | |
| CN104694926B (en) | A kind of process that NiCr wear-resistant coatings are prepared on copper surface | |
| CN104775118B (en) | A kind of laser cladding powder pre-setting method | |
| CN108309064A (en) | The preparation method of cooker, cooking apparatus component and cooker | |
| CN107149388A (en) | Compound iron non-stick pan and its processing technology | |
| CN107090578A (en) | A kind of magnetic conduction coating of compact structure and preparation method thereof | |
| CN112126885A (en) | Preparation method of high-temperature-resistant insulating coating of electromagnetic induction heating coil | |
| CN108610671A (en) | Magnetic conduction silver paste coating, pottery and preparation method thereof and cooking apparatus | |
| JP2006015115A (en) | Cookware | |
| KR102062226B1 (en) | Non-stick composite for a cooking utensil and the bonding method of non-stick layer on the surface of cooking utensil using thereof | |
| CN108083846A (en) | High purity graphite products high-bond enamel coating and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107616670B (en) | Pot, preparation method thereof and cooking utensil | |
| CN102391739B (en) | Oily electromagnetic induction coating for utensils for electromagnetic oven | |
| CN209883785U (en) | Pot and cooking utensil | |
| CN206761358U (en) | Pan and cooking apparatus | |
| KR101431148B1 (en) | Method of preparing ceramic coating material for low temperature sintering and coated product using the same | |
| JP2011092746A (en) | Cooking utensil with metallic nonstick coating and production method of the same | |
| CN103815769B (en) | Titanium pot at the bottom of a kind of clad aluminum and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110694874A (en) | Preparation method of non-stick pan | |
| WO2020019716A1 (en) | Cooking vessel and manufacturing method thereof, system for manufacturing cooking vessel, and cookware |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |