CN102384755A - High-accuracy method for measuring instant navigational speed of airborne phased array whether radar - Google Patents

High-accuracy method for measuring instant navigational speed of airborne phased array whether radar Download PDF

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CN102384755A
CN102384755A CN2010102704218A CN201010270421A CN102384755A CN 102384755 A CN102384755 A CN 102384755A CN 2010102704218 A CN2010102704218 A CN 2010102704218A CN 201010270421 A CN201010270421 A CN 201010270421A CN 102384755 A CN102384755 A CN 102384755A
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何平
李柏
高玉春
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Abstract

A high-accuracy method for measuring instant navigational speed of an airborne phased array weather radar belongs to the field of airborne navigation and is directly applied to measurement of navigational speed parameters in navigation parameters of the airborne phased array radar. In order to acquire motion information of meteorological targets, the airborne phased array weather radar requires high-accuracy instant navigational speed data. Therefore, an autonomic type combined integrated navigation scheme of inertial navigation and Doppler speed measurement is provided, a solution scheme of inertial navigation alignment and overcoming error drifting is provided, and the problem of obscuring of the speed measurement in over-the-ground measurement of the airborne phased array weather radar is resolved. The core content of the high-accuracy method is that double-pulse repeat frequency rate detection (DPRF) technology of the over-the-ground of the airborne radar is provided, and a general formula is given. The high-accuracy method achieves the speed measurement without obscuring of the airborne weather radar on the ground, thereby improving measurement accuracy of the instant navigational speed.

Description

The instantaneous speed of a ship or plane method of airborne radar weather radar high-acruracy survey
One, technical field
This method belongs to airborne navigation field; Directly be used for the measurement of airborne radar weather radar navigational parameter speed of a ship or plane parameter; For adopting inertial navigation to add the Doppler navigation combination and instantaneous speed of a ship or plane accuracy requirement also being had reference value than higher navigational system.
Two, background technology
The airborne radar weather radar need obtain the information such as scattering strength, translational speed and speed spectrum width of meteorological target.Have only the aircraft speed of a ship or plane to measure accurately, could guarantee that the measurement of meteorological target speed is accurate.Accurately measuring the speed of a ship or plane is the prerequisite of obtaining meteorological target travel information.And when a certain beam direction was surveyed, very little in order to guarantee the aircraft displacement, residence time was very short, we can say that the detection on a certain beam direction was accomplished in moment.Therefore, the airborne radar weather radar is surveyed has than higher accuracy requirement the instantaneous speed of a ship or plane especially.
Airmanship has several big type of inertial navigation, satellite navigation and Doppler navigation.Every type has technical characterstic and measuring accuracy separately.Satellite navigation provides positional information, aspect information is not provided.Speed of a ship or plane information is calculated through two different positions constantly, is the average velocity in a period of time.And the precision of average velocity receives the restriction of bearing accuracy, and bearing accuracy is proportional integration time with satellite-signal again.Through the accumulation of long period, satellite navigation can be obtained the average velocity of degree of precision.But the computational accuracy of instantaneous velocity does not often reach the detection requirement of airborne radar weather radar.In addition, satellite navigation belongs to the navigation of non-autonomous type, receives the restriction of satellite and satellite signal quality deeply.General only when mounting condition allows, can classify it as assisting navigation equipment.
Inertial navigation (INS, be called for short inertial navigation) be a kind ofly do not rely on external information, also not to the self-aid navigation system of outside emittance; Complete navigation information such as speed, position, crab angle and attitude can be provided.Inertial navigation is passed through to measure acceleration, and it is carried out integration to the time, obtains velocity information.The velocity survey equation can be expressed as:
Figure BSA00000253867700011
wherein, a (t) is measured acceleration.Inertial navigation can be obtained high-precision instantaneous speed of a ship or plane information, but prerequisite is: " initial alignment " is very accurate, and the measurement of acceleration also will have very high precision.Initial alignment is a very strict job.The initial alignment error will become the systematic error of inertial navigation.If, do not depend merely on inertial navigation equipment and can't eliminate this error from the correction of other navigation datas.Topmost problem is the diversity of acceleration analysis error.Can find out by its equation that tests the speed: the slight error of acceleration analysis, along with the lengthening of integral time, can cause bigger velocity error, integral time is longer, error is big more.This measuring error is dispersed phenomenon in time and is also referred to as " drift " phenomenon.Therefore, in the occasion that rate accuracy is had relatively high expectations, need revise the inertial navigation measurement result.
Doppler navigation is to utilize aircraft self-contained (having the Doppler range rate measurement function) radar to measure over the ground, obtains speed of a ship or plane information according to the Doppler range rate measurement principle.Though Doppler navigation only provides speed of a ship or plane information, Doppler range rate measurement has that real-time is good, advantage of high precision.And, can also further improve rate accuracy through the increase (being equivalent to increase Measuring Time) that pulse accumulates number of times.
But Doppler range rate measurement generally can run into the fuzzy problem that tests the speed.The Doppler range rate measurement equation can be expressed as: Wherein, V DBe actual doppler velocity, It is the measured value of actual doppler velocity.M is fuzzy number of times (being no fuzzy measurement during m=0).V NBe the fuzzyyest speed (being also referred to as Nyquist speed).At radar wavelength λ one regularly, V NSize depend on that (its relation is pulse repetition rate: V N=± λ * PRF/4, PRF are pulse repetition raties).Work as V DGreater than V NThe time, measured value is not equal to actual speed, blooming promptly occurs.
Three, summary of the invention
The technical matters that solves:
Because need to survey the movable information of meteorological target, so the airborne radar weather radar has than higher accuracy requirement instantaneous speed of a ship or plane measurement.Adopting which kind of navigation scheme to require with the detection of satisfying the airborne radar weather radar is the technical matters considered of needs at first.
Because inertial navigation can provide complete navigation informations such as attitude, the speed of a ship or plane, so no matter take which kind of navigation scheme, inertial navigation system all is the indispensable navigational system of airborne radar weather radar.But navigation exists error to disperse phenomenon.So how to revise ins error is the key technical problem that the airborne radar weather radar must solve.
Doppler range rate measurement has the advantages that real-time is good, precision is high, and through the increase that pulse accumulates number of times, can also further improve rate accuracy.These technology satisfy the airborne radar weather radar especially just to speed of a ship or plane Testing requirement.The airborne radar weather radar is expected to obtain the high-precision instantaneous speed of a ship or plane through measuring over the ground.But, because the aircraft speed of a ship or plane is higher, so certainly will have the Doppler range rate measurement blooming when measuring over the ground.Can overcome the fuzzy problem that tests the speed be the key technical problem that can the airborne radar weather radar adopt the Doppler range rate measurement technology, also is core content of the present invention.
The fuzzy problem that tests the speed when measuring over the ground in order to solve aircraft, according to measuring characteristic, perfect dipulse repetition frequency velocity measuring technique (DPRF), and provided general-purpose algorithm.
The technical scheme that the technical solution problem is adopted:
Solve the problems of the technologies described above the main contents that the overall technological scheme of being taked comprises following three aspects:
1. adopt inertial navigation to add the autonomous type integrated navigation system of Doppler range rate measurement
Take all factors into consideration various airmanship characteristics, airborne radar weather radar Detection Techniques condition and aerological sounding requirement, adopt inertial navigation to add the autonomous type integrated navigation scheme of Doppler navigation.Wherein, two problems that inertial navigation system need solve: the one, error drift phenomenon, the 2nd, " aligning "; " aligning " comprises initial alignment and aims in real time.Doppler range rate measurement need solve the fuzzy problem that tests the speed.In addition, when mounting condition allows, can consider to classify satellite navigation as assisting navigation equipment.
2. with the Doppler range rate measurement data inertial navigation system is carried out " aligning ", and the inertial navigation data are periodically revised, speed of a ship or plane measuring error is controlled within the accuracy requirement all the time
Speed of a ship or plane data are accurately measured, obtained to the airborne radar weather radar over the ground, is used for the aligning of inertial navigation system and the correction of inertial navigation data.
Before carrying out aerological sounding, can measure the speed of a ship or plane data of obtaining over the ground through radar inertial navigation system is carried out initially " aligning "." aligning " is operated in the aerological sounding process and carries out in real time, looks length and the acquisition environment of detection time and decides.
Airborne radar is measured undoubtedly over the ground can increase Measuring Time.For existing higher rate accuracy, the burden of increase airborne radar within reason again, it is reasonable plan that periodic the correction taked in inertial navigation.So just can range rate error be limited within the accuracy requirement all the time.The correction cycle need according to aerological sounding to the accuracy requirement, aerological sounding cycle and the ins error that test the speed over time rule confirm.
3. overcome the fuzzy problem that tests the speed when surveying over the ground with the DPRF technology
3.1 dipulse repetition frequency velocity measuring technique (DPRF) principle and algorithm
The DPRF technology is to expand the practical technique of the scope that tests the speed in the Doppler range rate measurement.The DPRF technology adopts two different pulse repetition that satisfy the certain proportion relation successively to survey, according to two test the speed result and difference reckoning actual speeds thereof.
Two pulse repetition raties are designated as PRF from high to low respectively 1And PRF 2, their the fuzzyyest corresponding speed is designated as V respectively N1And V N2, the scope of testing the speed is respectively ± V N1With ± V N2, two measurement results are designated as respectively
Figure BSA00000253867700031
With
Figure BSA00000253867700032
Both differences are designated as
Figure BSA00000253867700033
When adopting the DPRF velocity measuring technique, PRF 1And PRF 2Need to satisfy relation:
PRF 1∶PRF 2=q∶(q-1) (1)
Wherein, q=3,4,5 ... Positive integer.After adopting the DPRF velocity measuring technique, the range expansion that tests the speed arrives ± qV N2, the fuzzyyest speed expanded is:
V N=qV N2=(q-1)V N1 (2)
The scope of testing the speed like this is equivalent to monopulse repetition frequency PRF=qPRF 2=(q-1) PRF 1Effect on Detecting.
When radar is measured over the ground, velocity reversal have only come to.When the direction of tested speed was two-way, the scope of cannot not testing the speed fuzzyly was ± qV N2, the fuzzyyest speed is qV N2When the direction of tested speed was unidirectional, the scope of cannot not testing the speed fuzzyly was 0~2qV N2, the fuzzyyest speed is 2qV N2So, when DPRF is used for measuring over the ground, need make some modifications.Following analysis only considers that velocity reversal is unidirectional situation.
When measuring over the ground with the dipulse repetition frequency, according to
Figure BSA00000253867700034
With
Figure BSA00000253867700035
And difference
Figure BSA00000253867700036
Difference, can be with fuzzy velocity range 0~2qV of DPRF N2Be divided into 2q speed interval.The standard that speed interval is divided is: in each interval, identical difference DELTA V is arranged.2q of so dividing is interval, and its width is not quite similar, but interval width is about qV N2Point symmetry.
Through analysis to
Figure BSA00000253867700037
and Δ V; Which speed interval is judgement measurement result ( and
Figure BSA00000253867700039
) fall, and the general calculation method that provides with this method is then calculated actual radial velocity:
V r = 2 Int ( i / 2 ) V N 2 + V ~ D 2 - - - ( 3 )
Wherein, Int () representes rounding operation, and i representes the speed interval sequence number, i=1, and 2 ..., 2q.
Though
Figure BSA000002538677000311
possibly blur; But which interval they fall through correct judgement, still can recover actual speed.
3.2PRF 1: PRF 2=5: 4 DPRF instance
Below with PRF 1: PRF 2=5: 4 DPRF is that example further specifies DPRF expansion test the speed scope principle and speed interval division.Among Fig. 1, solid line is represented PRF 1The measurement result curve, dotted line is represented PRF 2The measurement result curve.
Figure BSA000002538677000312
With
Figure BSA000002538677000313
Be respectively PRF 1And PRF 2Measurement result.According to
Figure BSA000002538677000314
With Poor, with 0~10V N2Velocity range be divided into 10 speed intervals.The data of table 1 are obtained by Fig. 1 analysis.Can find out also that by table 1
Figure BSA000002538677000316
and Δ V and speed interval are one to one.Therefore; Even if
Figure BSA000002538677000317
and
Figure BSA000002538677000318
blurs; Through the speed interval that judges rightly, can recover original actual speed.Above example has ubiquity, for the situation of other ratio the similar analysis method is arranged.
Figure BSA00000253867700041
Speed interval and the corresponding speed (PRF of table 1:DPRF 1: PRF 2=5: 4)
3.3 guarantee effective two problems of DPRF
The field angle problem
When measuring over the ground, ground is relevant with the speed of a ship or plane and field angle with respect to the radial velocity of aircraft.Field angle be meant beam direction and antenna method between angle.In order to guarantee that DPRF is in no fuzzy measurement, should adopt big as far as possible field angle.
PRF 1And PRF 2The selection problem
Because when measuring over the ground with DPRF, the fuzzyyest speed is 2qV N2=2 (q-1) V N1DPRF is to the extended capability and the PRF of the scope of testing the speed 1With PRF 2Relative value and absolute value relation is all arranged.The difference of two pulse repetition raties is more little, and the effect of expanding the scope that tests the speed is good more.PRF 1With PRF 2Select high, corresponding more V N1And V N2Big more, the scope that tests the speed of expansion is big more.
But when practical application DPRF technology, the size of pulse repetition rate and the ratio of two pulse repetition raties all are restricted.Pulse repetition rate receives the restriction of transmitter, can not unrestrictedly increase.Because the existence of measuring error, two pulse repetition raties can not be unrestrictedly approaching.Because the existence of measuring error; Two pulse repetition raties are approaching more; Judge by accident easily when judging the corresponding speed interval of
Figure BSA00000253867700042
and
Figure BSA00000253867700043
, cause the DPRF technical failure with Δ V.In fact, along with two pulse repetition raties are more and more approaching, DPRF surveys and will change in quality into the detection of monopulse repetition frequency.
When measuring over the ground with Doppler's principle, range rate error is relevant with the flat characteristic of underlying surface.Underlying surface is smooth more, and range rate error is more little.In addition, range rate error is relevant with pulse accumulation number of times.Integration time is long more, and this part error is more little.This part error
Figure BSA00000253867700044
can be expressed as:
δ V ~ D = ± λ × PRF 2 N p - - - ( 4 )
Wherein, N pBe pulse accumulation number of times, λ is a radar wavelength.The smooth degree of underlying surface is the main source of measuring error over the ground.With the relevant range rate error
Figure BSA00000253867700046
of pulse accumulation number of times be can analyze, controllable, very little usually.
So, PRF 1With PRF 2Selection will from expansion test the speed scope with guarantee that DPRF effective two aspects compromise considers.On the one hand, PRF 1With PRF 2Ratio will to make DPRF be no fuzzy measurement.On the other hand, PRF 1With PRF 2Difference corresponding speed be greater than 2 times
Figure BSA00000253867700047
Could guarantee that DPRF is effective.
For example: (get radar wavelength λ=3cm) measure over the ground with 45 ° of field angles with X-band radar.Two pulse repetition rate PRF 1With PRF 2Get 1500Hz and 1200Hz respectively.The fuzzyyest speed that 1200Hz is corresponding is 9m/s, uses PRF 1: PRF 2After=5: 4 the DPRF technology, the fuzzyyest speed can expand to 90m/s, and the corresponding speed of a ship or plane can satisfy the detection requirement up to 127m/s.In addition, the corresponding speed of two pulse repetition rate differences is δ V=λ δ F/2=0.03 * (1500-1200)/2=4.5 (m/s).
If adopt N p=64 pulse accumulation, then
Figure BSA00000253867700051
Figure BSA00000253867700052
Can guarantee DPRF effectively.
Beneficial effect
The present technique scheme is a kind of navigation scheme of autonomous type, need not to increase other navigator, such as satellite navigation, can simplify the navigational system of airborne weather radar.
Adopt the present technique scheme can realize airborne radar no fuzzy measurement over the ground, and can improve the measuring accuracy of the instantaneous speed of a ship or plane to greatest extent.Speed of a ship or plane precision is main relevant with factors such as attitude angle error, Doppler range rate measurement errors.After adopting technical scheme, speed of a ship or plane error will depend primarily on the measuring accuracy of attitude angle.If cooperate high-precision inertial navigation system, obtain the high-accuracy posture angular data, can improve speed of a ship or plane precision greatly, to satisfy the requirement of airborne weather radar to velocity survey.
Here adopt the effect of DPRF technology with the instance explanation.Two pulse repetition rate PRF 1And PRF 2Get 1500Hz and 1200Hz respectively, two pulse repetition raties constitute PRF 1: PRF 2=5: 4 DPRF surveys.Two pulse repetition rate the fuzzyyest corresponding speed are respectively V N1=11.25m/s and V N2=9m/s.
(get radar wavelength λ=3cm), the fuzzyyest speed that 900Hz is corresponding is 9m/s, adopts PRF for X-band radar 1: PRF 2After=5: 4 the DPRF technology, the fuzzyyest speed expanded is 90m/s.The scope that tests the speed like this can satisfy airborne weather radar Testing requirement over the ground fully.
Suppose; Aircraft is put down when flying; Measure over the ground for 45 ° with field angle; Two measurement results be respectively
Figure BSA00000253867700053
and
Figure BSA00000253867700054
Figure BSA00000253867700055
so; Interval i=8; Calculate by
Figure BSA00000253867700056
; Ground is 70.71m/s with respect to the wave beam speed radially of aircraft, and amounting to speed over ground is 100m/s.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1: DPRF measuring principle figure (PRF 1: PRF 2=5: 4)
Figure is to the test the speed explanation of scope principle of DPRF technological expansion.The DPRF technology successively adopts two pulse repetition raties to test the speed, and reaches the purpose of expanding the scope that tests the speed through the analysis to two results that test the speed with calculating.Wherein, PRF 1And PRF 2Represent two pulse repetition raties respectively, V N1And V N2Be respectively their the fuzzyyest corresponding speed, ± V N1With ± V N2Be respectively their corresponding scopes of cannot not testing the speed fuzzyly.Solid line is represented PRF among the figure 1Corresponding measurement curve, dotted line is represented PRF 2Corresponding measurement curve.Two measurements were recorded as?
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000512750000017
and?
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000512750000018
difference between the two is denoted by?
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000512750000019
PRF 1And PRF 2Represent two pulse repetition raties respectively, V N1And V N2Be respectively their the fuzzyyest corresponding speed, ± V N1With ± V N2Be respectively their corresponding scopes of cannot not testing the speed fuzzyly.Solid line is represented PRF among the figure 1Corresponding measurement curve, dotted line is represented PRF 2Corresponding measurement curve.Two measurement results are designated as respectively
Figure BSA00000253867700061
Or
Figure BSA00000253867700062
Both differences are designated as
Figure BSA00000253867700063
Can be according to Δ V with 10V N2Be divided into 10 speed intervals, Δ V and speed interval are corresponding one by one.According to the speed range and measurement results (?
Figure BSA00000253867700064
and?
Figure BSA00000253867700065
) can recover the actual speed.
Five, embodiment
1. confirm two pulse repetition rate ratios of DPRF
According to speed of a ship or plane V roughly a, technical indicators such as scope that field angle θ can change, scope that transmitter pulse repetition frequency PRF can change, range rate error, confirm two pulse repetition raties ratio: PRF of DPRF 1: PRF 2=q: (q-1).In two pulse repetition raties ratios, q is worth confirming to need to satisfy two conditions:
qV N2>V acosθ (5)
δV > 2 δ V ~ D - - - ( 6 )
Wherein, V N2Be PRF 2The fuzzyyest corresponding speed, δ V is two pulse repetition rate difference PRF 1-PRF 2Corresponding doppler velocity.
Figure BSA00000253867700067
is associated with the accumulation of the number of pulses corresponding Doppler velocimetry error (by the formula?
Figure BSA00000253867700068
OK).
2. confirm speed interval number and the velocity contrast of DPRF
According to above-mentioned definite q value, confirm the speed interval number, interval number is 2q.Then, be similar to table 1, confirm the velocity contrast that each speed interval is corresponding, Δ V i, i=1,2 ..., 2q.
3 for DPRF measured?
Figure BSA00000253867700069
and?
Figure BSA000002538677000610
4 discriminant?
Figure BSA000002538677000611
and?
Figure BSA000002538677000612
where the speed range
Ask the poor of and
Figure BSA000002538677000614
, and be designated as
Figure BSA000002538677000615
Figure BSA000002538677000616
and calculate
Figure BSA000002538677000617
Figure BSA000002538677000618
and be and the corresponding Doppler range rate measurement error of pulse accumulation number of times.Will
Figure BSA000002538677000619
With according to the 2 velocity contrast Δ V that confirm iCompare one by one and Δ V iImmediate speed interval i does
Figure BSA000002538677000620
With The place speed interval.
5. the calculating of actual speed
According to top definite speed interval i, calculate the actual radial velocity of ground with respect to radar with following formula.
V r = 2 Int ( i / 2 ) V N 2 + V ~ D 2 - - - ( 7 )
V wherein rBe the radial velocity of ground with respect to radar, the meaning of other each symbol with above identical.
6. the calculating of speed over ground
According to field angle θ, ground radial velocity V with respect to radar r, calculate the instantaneous speed of a ship or plane.
7. inertial navigation is aimed at and is revised
According to the instantaneous speed of a ship or plane data that said method obtains, the inertial navigation data are aimed at and correcting process.

Claims (2)

1. the instantaneous speed of a ship or plane method of airborne radar weather radar high-acruracy survey; It is characterized in that; With dipulse repetition frequency (DPRF) the technological expansion scope that tests the speed; No fuzzy measurement when with realization airborne radar weather radar velocity survey is carried out on ground is aimed at and is revised inertial navigation system with the instantaneous speed of a ship or plane data of high precision that the DPRF technology is obtained.
2. method according to claim 1, expansion Doppler range rate measurement scope adopts dipulse repetition frequency (DPRF) technology, and adopts Judge speed interval, usefulness that two measurement results are corresponding
Figure FSA00000253867600012
Calculate the method for ground with respect to the radial velocity of radar, wherein i representes DPRF speed interval sequence number, Δ V iBe that DPRF is theoretical poor,
Figure FSA00000253867600013
Be that the DPRF measurement is poor,
Figure FSA00000253867600014
Be and the relevant range rate error of pulse accumulation number of times, V rBe the radial velocity of ground with respect to radar, V N2Be the fuzzyyest speed of a correspondence lower in two pulse repetition raties,
Figure FSA00000253867600015
Be one measured value lower in two pulse repetition raties, Int () representes rounding operation.
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CN113534066A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-10-22 北京遥感设备研究所 Method and system for rejecting multi-reflection wild values of landing measurement radar in height direction
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WO2013041027A1 (en) * 2011-09-22 2013-03-28 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 Dirt-proof water level sensing device and solar water heater using same
CN108351420A (en) * 2015-11-10 2018-07-31 赛峰电子与防务公司 For detecting parasitic mobile method and relevant detection device during the static alignment of Inertial Measurement Unit
CN108351420B (en) * 2015-11-10 2021-12-10 赛峰电子与防务公司 Method for detecting parasitic movements during static alignment of an inertial measurement unit, and associated detection device
CN108121003A (en) * 2017-12-26 2018-06-05 湖南迈克森伟电子科技有限公司 Integrated navigation precise positioning system
CN109932700A (en) * 2019-03-28 2019-06-25 北京润科通用技术有限公司 A kind of ambiguity solution method and device of doppler velocity
US11630203B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2023-04-18 Raytheon Company Ground station sensing of weather around an aircraft
WO2021035395A1 (en) * 2019-08-23 2021-03-04 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 Speed determining method and device, and storage medium
CN113534066A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-10-22 北京遥感设备研究所 Method and system for rejecting multi-reflection wild values of landing measurement radar in height direction
CN113534066B (en) * 2021-06-23 2023-06-20 北京遥感设备研究所 Method and system for eliminating landing measurement radar altitude multi-reflection wild value

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