CN102382697A - Micro-emulsion biodiesel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Micro-emulsion biodiesel and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN102382697A
CN102382697A CN2011102993890A CN201110299389A CN102382697A CN 102382697 A CN102382697 A CN 102382697A CN 2011102993890 A CN2011102993890 A CN 2011102993890A CN 201110299389 A CN201110299389 A CN 201110299389A CN 102382697 A CN102382697 A CN 102382697A
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aeo
micro
biological diesel
biofuel
biodiesel
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闻环
吕玉平
宋化灿
钟少芬
王希在
胡江涌
杨明桂
林志生
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NATIONAL PETROLEUM AND PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCT QUALITY SUPERVISION AND INSPECTION (GUANGDONG)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a micro-emulsion biodiesel and a preparation method thereof. The formula of the micro-emulsion biodiesel comprises the following components in mass percentages: 65-90% of biodiesel, 2-12% of complex emulsifier, 3-8% of cosolvent and 5-15% of water. The micro-emulsion biodiesel disclosed by the invention has reasonable proportion and has the characteristics of clearness, transparency, uniform dispersion, rather stable thermodynamics, storage and conveyance facilitation, no lamination and the like. The micro-emulsion biodiesel disclosed by the invention can exert the advantages of the biodiesel as a reproducible energy source, can also reduce the exhaust of harmful gas NOx and carbon smoke in the process of the combustion of the biodiesel, has low cost and can be stably stored and conveyed for a long time. The micro-emulsion biodiesel disclosed by the invention has a simple preparation method and does not cause pollution to the environment during preparation.

Description

A kind of micro-emulsified biological diesel and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the biofuel processing technique field, relate in particular to a kind of micro-emulsified biological diesel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Biofuel is a kind of renewable and safe New-type fuel, and it is to be the liquid fuel that raw material is processed with oil plant waterplant such as oil-yielding shrubs fruit, engineering microalgaes such as oil crops such as soybean and Semen Brassicae campestris, oil palm and Chinese pistache and animal oil and fat, useless food and drink wet goods.Biofuel can be mixed with petrifaction diesel with any ratio, is fine petroleum diesel surrogate.
But biofuel also has its shortcoming, and is higher like biofuel viscosity, volatility is relatively poor, NO xQuantity discharged is also higher.And micro-emulsified biological diesel can effectively reduce the viscosity of biofuel, improves atomization, reduces NO xAnd soot emissions.
Micro-emulsified biological diesel is by the spontaneous thermodynamically metastable fixed system that forms of biofuel, emulsifying agent (tensio-active agent) and water.Seeking suitable emulsifying agent (tensio-active agent) is the key of preparation stable microemulsion biofuel, and in addition, appropriate oil, water and emulsifying agent (tensio-active agent) ratio also is one of key factor that influences the micro-emulsified biological diesel performance.
Micro-emulsified biological diesel technical study has at present obtained some achievements, but still exists certain defective.For example: grandson's equality (CN10140773, a kind of environment-friendly type microemulsified biodiesel and compound method thereof) has been reported a kind of by polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether OP-4 and the composite biofuel-water microemulsion of OP-7; Wu Lin etc. (CN101250431, a kind of micro-emulsified biological diesel and preparation method thereof) have studied a kind of composite emulsifier and water, biofuel, thanomin and solubility promoter mixed preparing of being dissolved into oleic acid by SPAN80 and TWEEN80 mixing back and have formed; (CN10134874 such as high Yongjian; A kind of micro-emulsified biological diesel and compound method thereof) found a kind of preparation method of micro-emulsified biological diesel, the biofuel of this method preparation is made up of mineral diesel, animal oil and fat, methyl alcohol, naphthenic acid, OP emulsifying agent, sodium laurylsulfonate, trolamine etc.
Though these prescriptions can both obtain micro-emulsified biological diesel, all exist the emulsifying agent consumption too much, problems such as volatile performance difference or the complicacy of filling a prescription too.At present, the international oil price lattice soar all the way, and it is nervous that petroleum resources more show, and therefore, study well behaved micro-emulsified biological diesel and not only can reduce cost, and can save energy and environmental protection, be an extremely important and extremely urgent problem.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the deficiency to prior art, but a kind of transparent long storage is provided, can bring into play the advantage of biofuel well, and can reduce obnoxious flavour NO when using biofuel as renewable substitute energy xThe micro-emulsified biological diesel of discharging and soot emissions.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned micro emulsion biofuel.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through following scheme: a kind of micro-emulsified biological diesel, and its prescription is made up of following components by mass percentage:
Biofuel 65~90%;
Composite emulsifier 2~12%;
Solubility promoter 3~8%;
Water 5~15%.
When above-mentioned biofuel adopts those skilled in the art to carry out biofuel research used any biofuel all can, as can for sewer oil, Cortex jatrophae really in oil, VT 18, Oleum Gossypii semen or the plam oil any one preparation get.
Above-mentioned composite emulsifier adopts the mixture of AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7, and said AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7 are the commercially available prod.
In the above-mentioned composite emulsifier, the blending ratio of AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7 is optimized, then the mass ratio of AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7 is 1:2~1:8.
In above-mentioned solubility promoter employing n-propyl alcohol, Virahol, propyl carbinol, isopropylcarbinol, Pentyl alcohol or the primary isoamyl alcohol any one or two or more mixtures.
Above-mentioned hydromining is with ordinary tap water or pure water or the like.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned micro-emulsified biological diesel, and its step is as follows:
At first AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7 uniform mixing are prepared composite emulsifier according to mass ratio; Then at ambient temperature; Biofuel, composite emulsifier, solubility promoter and water are mixed and be stirred to homogeneous transparent according to mass percent, the final transparent mixed solution that forms is required micro-emulsified biological diesel.
That micro-emulsified biological diesel of the present invention has is limpid, transparent, be uniformly dispersed, the thermodynamics quite stable, help storage and transportation and characteristics such as not stratified.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. micro-emulsified biological diesel of the present invention, components selection and proportioning all obtain after optimizing in its prescription, and its reasonable ratio is not added any nitrogenous compound in emulsifying agent and the solubility promoter, and the content of water reaches 5~15%, thereby can reduce NO effectively xDischarging with soot;
2. micro-emulsified biological diesel of the present invention, low, the nontoxicity of the raw materials cost of its composite emulsifier and solubility promoter, during use to the oil motor non-corrosiveness;
3. micro-emulsified biological diesel of the present invention can be brought into play the advantage of biofuel as renewable substitute energy, can reduce obnoxious flavour NO when using biofuel again xWith the discharging of soot, and cheap, can accumulating steady in a long-term;
4. micro-emulsified biological diesel of the present invention, its preparation method is simple, in the preparation process, can not pollute environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is done explanation further, but specific embodiment is not done any qualification to the present invention.
The screening of embodiment 1 emulsifying agent
In view of the influence of emulsifying agent to micro-emulsified biological diesel stability and quality, so present embodiment is optimized and screens emulsifying agent, specifically is divided into following several steps.
One, the result of use of single emulsifying agent
At first study the consumption that forms micro emulsion when single emulsifying agent uses, to confirm the efficient of emulsifying agent.
The emulsifying agent that present embodiment is selected has polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether (OP series), polyoxyethylene nonylphenol (TX series), AEO (AEO series), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT), sapn (Span series), tween (Tween series), triethanolamine monooleate ester and fatty acid amide etc.
Experimental technique: after different emulsifiers and solubility promoter (propyl carbinol) mix by mass ratio 1:1; Dropwise add in the biofuel (water oil ratio of this biofuel is 0.90, profit total mass be 10g); Stir while dripping; Till liquid became the clear state, record added the quality of emulsifying agent.
Experiment post analysis experimental result: in the different emulsifiers of present embodiment; The tensio-active agent that can form microemulsified during single the use has TX-7, AEO-7, AEO-9, Tween80 and propyl carbinol itself, and wherein the used quality of TX-7 and AEO-7 is minimum, but TX-7 is a polyoxyethylene nonylphenol; Its molecule itself has phenyl ring; Burning back environmental pollution is relatively large, considers from environmental angle, selects AEO-7 to carry out follow-up study.
Two, the screening of composite emulsifier
The contriver finds that through experiment contrast back composite emulsifier is better than single emulsifier effect, therefore AEO-7 is carried out the research of composite emulsifier.
Earlier AEO-7 and above-mentioned each emulsifying agent are carried out compositely, result's discovery after CTAB, AOT, AEO-9 and AEO-3 and AEO-7 are composite, can make the biofuel microemulsified, the composite biofuel microemulsified that can't make of all the other emulsifying agents and AEO-7.
So to the composite effect of CTAB, AOT, AEO-9 and AEO-3 and AEO-7, the inventor furthers investigate again, experimental technique is:
(1) gets an amount of composite emulsifier, add the equivalent propyl carbinol, fully after the dissolving; Add 1g water and 9g biofuel, fully stirring becomes transparent clarified liq to solution; And observe micro-emulsified biological diesel down in room temperature condition and can place for a long time, the result is as shown in table 1.
The different composite emulsifiers of table 1 prepare the effect of micro-emulsified biological diesel
Figure 526052DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Can find out from table 1:
The relative composite emulsifier of consumption (AOT+AEO-7) was more bigger when composite emulsifier (CTAB+AEO-7) formed micro-emulsified biological diesel, but excellent stability is placed not stratified for a long time; But, CTAB is a quaternary ammonium salt emulsifying agent, is nitrogenous compound, can cause the discharging NO of micro emulsion diesel fuel XRaise, therefore consider, do not adopt emulsifying agent CTAB from the angle of environmental protection;
Consumption was less when composite emulsifier (AOT+AEO-7) formed micro-emulsified biological diesel, but the microemulsion that forms is unstable, very easily layering; Hence one can see that, and AOT is not suitable for the micro-emulsified biological diesel emulsifying agent;
Other three kinds of composite emulsifiers were all more relatively for consumption when composite emulsifier (AEO-9+AEO-7) formed micro-emulsified biological diesel, and stability is general, placed to occur demixing phenomenon in three days;
Other three kinds of composite emulsifiers were all less relatively for consumption when composite emulsifier (AEO-3+AEO-7) formed micro-emulsified biological diesel, and excellent stability, placed not stratified for a long time.
In sum; Composite emulsifier of the present invention adopts the composite of AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7, because this composite emulsifier can guarantee that the microemulsified of biofuel, microemulsified are effective, good stability, consumption are few, do not contain the discharging that organonitrogen can not cause oxynitride.
In addition; The contriver is also to the composite optimization of carrying out concrete consumption of AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7; Confirm that through experiment contrast back AEO AEO-3: the mass ratio of AEO AEO-7 is 1:2~1:8 in the composite emulsifier of the present invention; Because find according to the research contriver; The mass ratio of AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7 is if be lower than this proportional range; Then its microemulsified effect to biofuel can be poor, and then therefore it take all factors into consideration the also not obviously raising of microemulsified effect of biofuel if be higher than this proportional range; The final selection in the composite emulsifier of the present invention, AEO AEO-3: the mass ratio of AEO AEO-7 is 1:2~1:8.
Embodiment 2
The micro-emulsified biological diesel of present embodiment, it is filled a prescription by mass percentage, is made up of 90% biofuel, 2% composite emulsifier, 3% solubility promoter and 5% water.
Above-mentioned biofuel is the biofuel of Cortex jatrophae fruit oil preparation;
Above-mentioned composite emulsifier is the mixture of AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7, wherein AEO AEO-3: the mass ratio of AEO AEO-7 is 1:2.
Above-mentioned solubility promoter is the mixture of Virahol and propyl carbinol, and its blended volume ratio is 1:4.
The micro-emulsified biological diesel of present embodiment, its preparation method is as follows:
At first AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7 uniform mixing are prepared composite emulsifier according to mass ratio; Then at ambient temperature; Biofuel, composite emulsifier, solubility promoter and water are mixed and be stirred to homogeneous transparent according to mass percent, the final transparent mixed solution that forms is required micro-emulsified biological diesel.
That the micro-emulsified biological diesel of present embodiment has is limpid, transparent, be uniformly dispersed ,-the thermodynamics quite stable, help storage and transportation and characteristics such as not stratified.
Embodiment 3
The micro-emulsified biological diesel of present embodiment, it is filled a prescription by mass percentage, is made up of 80% biofuel, 6% composite emulsifier, 6% solubility promoter and 8% water.
Above-mentioned biofuel is the biofuel of VT 18 preparation;
Above-mentioned composite emulsifier is the mixture of AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7, wherein AEO AEO-3: the mass ratio of AEO AEO-7 is 1:4.
Above-mentioned solubility promoter is the mixing of isopropylcarbinol and Pentyl alcohol, and its blended volume ratio is 3:2.
The micro-emulsified biological diesel of present embodiment, its preparation method is as follows:
At first AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7 uniform mixing are prepared composite emulsifier according to mass ratio; Then at ambient temperature; Biofuel, composite emulsifier, solubility promoter and water are mixed and be stirred to homogeneous transparent according to mass percent, the final transparent mixed solution that forms is required micro-emulsified biological diesel.
That the micro-emulsified biological diesel of present embodiment has is limpid, transparent, be uniformly dispersed, the thermodynamics quite stable, help storage and transportation and characteristics such as not stratified.
Embodiment 4
The micro-emulsified biological diesel of present embodiment, it is filled a prescription by mass percentage, is made up of 75% biofuel, 8% composite emulsifier, 7% solubility promoter and 10% water.
Above-mentioned biofuel is the biofuel of plam oil preparation;
Above-mentioned composite emulsifier is the mixture of AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7, wherein AEO AEO-3: the mass ratio of AEO AEO-7 is 1:6.
Above-mentioned solubility promoter is the mixing of n-propyl alcohol, isopropylcarbinol and Pentyl alcohol, and its blended volume ratio is 1:2:1.
The micro-emulsified biological diesel of present embodiment, its preparation method is as follows:
At first AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7 uniform mixing are prepared composite emulsifier according to mass ratio; Then at ambient temperature; Biofuel, composite emulsifier, solubility promoter and water are mixed and be stirred to homogeneous transparent according to mass percent, the final transparent mixed solution that forms is required micro-emulsified biological diesel.
That the micro-emulsified biological diesel of present embodiment has is limpid, transparent, be uniformly dispersed, the thermodynamics quite stable, help storage and transportation and characteristics such as not stratified.
Embodiment 5
The micro-emulsified biological diesel of present embodiment, it is filled a prescription by mass percentage, is made up of 65% biofuel, 12% composite emulsifier, 8% solubility promoter and 15% water.
Above-mentioned biofuel is the biofuel of sewer oil preparation;
Above-mentioned composite emulsifier is the mixture of AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7, wherein AEO AEO-3: the mass ratio of AEO AEO-7 is 1:8.
Above-mentioned solubility promoter is the mixing of Virahol, propyl carbinol and primary isoamyl alcohol, and its blended volume ratio is 2:4:1.
The micro-emulsified biological diesel of present embodiment, its preparation method is as follows:
At first AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7 uniform mixing are prepared composite emulsifier according to mass ratio; Then at ambient temperature; Biofuel, composite emulsifier, solubility promoter and water are mixed and be stirred to homogeneous transparent according to mass percent, the final transparent mixed solution that forms is required micro-emulsified biological diesel.
That the micro-emulsified biological diesel of present embodiment has is limpid, transparent, be uniformly dispersed, the thermodynamics quite stable, help storage and transportation and characteristics such as not stratified.
The performance of the micro emulsion diesel fuel of biofuel (by sewer oil preparation) and present embodiment is compared, and the result is as shown in table 2.
The physicochemical property parameter testing result of table 2 micro-emulsified biological diesel and biofuel (sewer oil system)
Figure 655682DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Can find out from table 2, compare that the kinematic viscosity of micro-emulsified biological diesel of the present invention, flash-point, 10% steaming excess carbon residue and sulphur content have obvious reduction with biofuel.The kinematic viscosity reduction shows that it is mobile better; The flash-point reduction shows that it is more volatile, and atomizing effect is more good during burning; Sulphur content reduces the SO that means the discharging of burning back 2Gas can significantly reduce; 10% steams the reduction of excess carbon residue means that combustionproperty is more complete, and soot emissions can further reduce.

Claims (6)

1. micro-emulsified biological diesel, its prescription is made up of following components by mass percentage:
Biofuel 65~90%;
Composite emulsifier 2~12%;
Solubility promoter 3~8%;
Water 5~15%.
2. according to the said micro-emulsified biological diesel of claim 1, it is characterized in that said biofuel is that any one preparation gets in sewer oil, Cortex jatrophae fruit oil, VT 18, Oleum Gossypii semen or the plam oil.
3. according to the said micro-emulsified biological diesel of claim 1, it is characterized in that said composite emulsifier is the mixture of AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7.
4. according to the said micro-emulsified biological diesel of claim 3, the mass ratio that it is characterized in that said AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7 is 1:2~1:8.
5. according to the said micro-emulsified biological diesel of claim 1, it is characterized in that said solubility promoter is any one or the two or more mixture in n-propyl alcohol, Virahol, propyl carbinol, isopropylcarbinol, Pentyl alcohol or the primary isoamyl alcohol.
6. the preparation method of said each micro-emulsified biological diesel of claim 1~5 is characterized in that this preparation method comprises the steps:
At first AEO AEO-3 and AEO AEO-7 uniform mixing are prepared composite emulsifier according to mass ratio; Then at ambient temperature; Biofuel, composite emulsifier, solubility promoter and water are mixed and be stirred to homogeneous transparent according to mass percent, the final transparent mixed solution that forms is required micro-emulsified biological diesel.
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Cited By (8)

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CN102965160A (en) * 2012-11-26 2013-03-13 滕春合 Nano biofuel taking gutter oil as raw material and preparation method thereof
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CN1891793A (en) * 2005-07-07 2007-01-10 南昌大学 Biodiesel with higher water content rate and its use

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CN1891793A (en) * 2005-07-07 2007-01-10 南昌大学 Biodiesel with higher water content rate and its use

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Application publication date: 20120321