CN102380366A - Bismuth and silicon doped nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst, its preparation and its application - Google Patents
Bismuth and silicon doped nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst, its preparation and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN102380366A CN102380366A CN2011102749656A CN201110274965A CN102380366A CN 102380366 A CN102380366 A CN 102380366A CN 2011102749656 A CN2011102749656 A CN 2011102749656A CN 201110274965 A CN201110274965 A CN 201110274965A CN 102380366 A CN102380366 A CN 102380366A
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- bismuth
- silicon
- titanium dioxide
- nano titanium
- dioxide photocatalyst
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 titanium alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 10
- ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Cl ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical group [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QYIGOGBGVKONDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-3-methylpyrazole Chemical compound N1=C(C)C=CN1C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1Br QYIGOGBGVKONDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth chloride Chemical compound Cl[Bi](Cl)Cl JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004298 light response Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001782 photodegradation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 32
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- VGVRPFIJEJYOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol Chemical class OC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl VGVRPFIJEJYOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001621 bismuth Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001451 bismuth ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012686 silicon precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHJGJYXLEPZJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5-trichlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl LHJGJYXLEPZJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000014 Bismuth subcarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013556 antirust agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000006278 hypochromic anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the nano titanium dioxide catalyst technical field, concretely relates to a bismuth and silicon doped nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst, its preparation and its application. The doping amount of bismuth in the catalyst by mole fraction is 0.2-1.1%, the doping amount of silicon is 4.8-15.6%. The bismuth and silicon doped nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst has the advantages of pure crystalline phase, high specific surface, multiple surface acidity points, visible light response and organic pollutant adsorption. The catalyst of the invention can be rapidly degraded by using visible light and sunshine, so that the catalyst keeps high visible photodegradation efficiency and high photocatalytic activity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the nano titanic oxide catalyst technical field, be specifically related to a kind of bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst and preparation thereof, application.
Background technology
Chlorophenols compound is widely used in timber preservative, antirust agent, bactericide and herbicide etc.; Carry out a biological disposal upon in addition and also contain chlorophenols compound in the tail water of municipal sewage and industrial wastewater; Be the very big and environmental contaminants widely that distribute of one type of toxicity, and chlorophenol can the bigger many chloros dioxin of toxigenicity at the metabolic response of occurring in nature.In priority pollutant list is listed it by country such as the U.S., China.
What use was more in the method for present processing chlorophenol pollutant is photocatalytic method.Titanium dioxide has advantages such as chemical property is stable, cheap and easy to get, nontoxic as photochemical catalyst, under the illumination effect, can produce the hydroxyl radical free radical with strong oxidability, finally can make organic pollution be completely oxidized to CO
2, H
2O and other inorganic ions can carry out advanced treating to the organic pollution in the waste water.But because the band-gap energy of titanium dioxide big (3.2 eV) can only under UV-irradiation, could cause light-catalyzed reaction, and the ultraviolet light energy only accounts for the 3%-5% of solar energy, the recombination rate of photo-generated carrier height in addition, photocatalysis efficiency is lower.These shortcomings have seriously restricted the application of optically catalytic TiO 2 technology in reality.In order to make full use of visible light or sunshine, titanium dioxide optical catalyst is carried out modification, make its absorption visible light and improve its photocatalytic activity to be still the major subjects that this field faces.It is compound etc. that at present the method for modifying of titanium dioxide mainly contains noble metal loading, metal ion mixing, nonmetal doping, surface sensitizing, semiconductor.
Common transition metal or rare earth ion in the metallic ion-doping modification.It is generally acknowledged, transition metal ions is introduced TiO
2In the lattice, can in its forbidden band band gap, introduce impurity energy level and defect level, make the less photon of energy can excite the electronics and the hole of catching on the doped energy-band, the TiO after the doping
2Being excited institute's energy requirement diminishes, and can its spectral response range be expanded to visible region to a certain extent.Rare earth ion mixes generally can cause TiO
2The expansion of lattice, the lattice dilatation meeting of appropriateness causes more oxygen defect, and becomes the trap of catching light induced electron, strengthens effective separation in light induced electron-hole greatly, thereby improves its photocatalysis performance.
Because the atomic radius of bismuth is 103pm, the atomic radius of titanium is 61pm, and in the titania-doped process of preparation bismuth ion, the trivalent bismuth ion can not get into TiO
2Lattice in, but with bismuth oxide (Bi
2O
3) form be scattered in TiO equably
2The surface of nano particle.Bi
2O
3Energy gap be 2.85eV, can itself also be a kind of visible light catalyst of very potential degradation of contaminant by the excited by visible light of wavelength greater than 400 nm.Yet, use Bi separately
2O
3There are two big defectives as photochemical catalyst: the one, light induced electron and hole easy compound, photo-quantum efficiency is low; The 2nd, Bi
2O
3Unstable in course of reaction, maybe be by Bi
2O
3Be transformed into bismuthyl carbonate (Bi
2O
2) CO
3
For the titania nanoparticles that bismuth ion mixes, the trivalent bismuth is mainly with Bi
2O
3Form be scattered in TiO equably
2The surface of nano particle.Under visible light radiation, Bi
2O
3It is right to absorb the visible light generation light induced electron-hole that is excited, because Bi
2O
3The valence band band edge compare TiO
2Low, photohole can be from Bi
2O
3Valence band bottom transfer to TiO
2Valence band, and then the more hole generation hydroxyl radical free radical that is hunted down, this process is feasible on thermodynamics, i.e. the Bi on the modified catalyst surface
2O
3With TiO
2Form the hetero-junctions of surperficial decentralized between nano particle.The formation of this surface micro-structure had both made photochemical catalyst have visible light activity, had significantly strengthened the right separation in light induced electron-hole again, had improved TiO
2The quantum efficiency of photochemical catalyst.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst and preparation thereof, application, this bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst can be realized photocatalysis under the visible light condition.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst, it is characterized in that: in molar fraction, the doping of bismuth is 0.2 ~ 1.1 %, and the doping of silicon is 4.8 ~ 15.6 %.
The preparation method of bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst may further comprise the steps:
The mix ethanol solution of ethanol solution and silicon doping presoma of presoma of bismuth is added in the reactor, uses nitric acid to adjust pH and be 1-3, stir; Stir the ethanol solution that drips the titanium alkoxide down then, stirring at room was hydrolyzed in 8 ~ 10 hours, obtained monodispersed TiO 2 sol; The TiO 2 sol that obtains was obtained xerogel in 6 ~ 9 hours 80 ~ 100 ℃ of oven dry; The gained xerogel is ground the back 400 ~ 800 ℃ of calcinings 1 ~ 3 hour down, obtain bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst.
The mol ratio of bismuth and titanium is 0.005:1 ~ 0.1:1, and the mol ratio of silicon and titanium is 0.05:1 ~ 1:1.
The concentration of the ethanol solution of bismuth doping presoma is 0.01 ~ 0.05 mol/L, and the concentration of the ethanol solution of silicon doping presoma is 0.1 ~ 0.5 mol/L, and the concentration of the ethanol solution of titanium alkoxide is 0.5 ~ 2 mol/L.
Said titanium alkoxide is butyl titanate or isopropyl titanate; Said bismuth doping presoma is bismuth nitrate, bismuth chloride or bismuth acetate; Said silicon doping presoma is ethyl orthosilicate or sodium metasilicate.
Bismuth, the silicon coblended application of nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst aspect the degrading chlorophenol pollutant.
Bismuth of the present invention, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst have the performance that crystalline phase is pure, specific surface is high, surface acidity point is many, visible light-responded; Average grain diameter is between 10.6 ~ 24.1 nm; Adopt bismuth, silicon doped nano titanium dioxide simultaneously; Make bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst under visible light radiation, catalytic oxidation to take place, generate harmless CO
2, H
2O, Cl
-Deng product, and after mixing silicon, the specific area of titanium dioxide and chemical composition all can change, and silicon can get into TiO
2The body phase, Si
4+Instead Ti
4+The position, stop TiO
2Grain growth, particle agglomeration and crystal transition; Enlarge markedly the specific area of catalyst, improve it, make more pollutant constantly be adsorbed on catalyst surface the organic pollutant adsorption ability; Simultaneously utilize visible light, sunshine to decompose very soon again; Thereby make catalyst remain visible light degradation efficiency efficiently, in addition silicon mix the surface acidity that also can significantly strengthen catalyst, and then improve TiO
2Photocatalytic activity.
The present invention is an initiation material with titanium alkoxide, bismuth salt and silicon precursor; Earlier bismuth salt and silicon precursor are dissolved in the ethanol; And add a certain amount of salpeter solution and form mixed solution; Ethanol solution with the titanium alkoxide under agitation slowly is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution then, stirs certain hour under the room temperature and is hydrolyzed, and obtains monodisperse titanium dioxide colloidal sol; The colloidal sol oven dry is obtained flaxen gel.Calcining can obtain nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst under different temperature.
Preparation method of the present invention adopts the sol-gel process under the normal temperature and pressure to prepare catalyst, and the reaction condition gentleness is easy to control, and each component is fully contact in the colloid change procedure; Modification when being easy to bismuth, silicon; Building-up process and equipment are simple, and raw material is easy to get, and are easy to suitability for industrialized production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. the transmission electron microscope photo of embodiment 1 bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst;
Fig. 2. the X-ray diffractogram of embodiment 1 bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst;
Fig. 3. the XPS spectrum figure of embodiment 1 bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst;
Fig. 4. the 4f track XPS spectrum figure of the bismuth of embodiment 1 bismuth, silicon coblended nano TiO 2;
Fig. 5. the 2p track XPS spectrum figure of the silicon of embodiment 1 bismuth, silicon coblended nano TiO 2;
Fig. 6. embodiment 1 bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst and the uv-visible absorption spectra of P25;
Fig. 7. bismuth among the embodiment 1, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst and single bismuth doped Ti O
2, single silicon doping TiO
2, P25 visible light catalysis activity relatively.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The ethanol solution of measuring 50ml 0.02 mol/L bismuth nitrate, 50ml 0.1 mol/L ethyl orthosilicate is 2 toward wherein adding salpeter solution adjustment pH in reactor, obtains mixed solution after stirring; Under the stirring at room; The ethanol solution of the butyl titanate of 100ml 2mol/L slowly is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution, white precipitate can occurs during beginning, after dropwising; Continue to stir 10 hours, make the further hydrolysis of butyl titanate obtain monodisperse sol; Then colloidal sol was dried 8 hours at 90 ℃, remove ethanol and moisture, obtain xerogel; 450 ℃ of calcinings obtained faint yellow bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst in 1.5 hours; In molar fraction, the doping of bismuth is 0.4 %, and the doping of silicon is 4.8 %.
Fig. 1 is the transmission electron microscope photo of this sample, can find out that the synthetic sample particle diameter of present embodiment is 10.6 nm; The X-ray diffractogram of the bismuth that Fig. 2 synthesizes for present embodiment, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst, the crystal formation that shows this sample is an anatase; Fig. 3 is the full spectrogram of the XPS of sample, Fig. 4 explain bismuth in sample with Bi
2O
3Form is attached to TiO
2On the surface, Fig. 5 explains that silicon has mixed TiO
2In the lattice, SiO
2With TiO
2Between form crystal boundary, thereby stoped TiO
2Growing up and reunion of crystal grain; The uv-visible absorption spectra of the bismuth that Fig. 6 synthesizes for present embodiment, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst and P25 relatively; Can find out; Red shift has taken place in bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst absorption spectrum, since 650 nm absorption is arranged; Fig. 7 is the synthetic bismuth of present embodiment, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst and single bismuth doped Ti O
2, single silicon doping TiO
2, P25 degraded 2, the visible light catalyst specific activity of 4-two chlorophenols, the result shows this catalyst to 2, the degradation rate of 4-two chlorophenols reaches 89.2 %, is respectively single bismuth doped Ti O
2, single silicon doping TiO
2With 2.2 times, 8.9 times of P25 with 5.0 times.
The ethanol solution of measuring 50ml 0.04 mol/L bismuth nitrate, 50ml 0.2 mol/L ethyl orthosilicate is 1.5 toward wherein adding salpeter solution adjustment pH in reactor, obtains mixed solution after stirring; Ethanol solution with the butyl titanate of 200ml 1mol/L under the stirring at room is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution, dropwises continued and stirs 8 hours, obtains monodisperse sol; With gained colloidal sol 90 ℃ of oven dry 9 hours xerogel, 500 ℃ of calcinings obtained faint yellow bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst in 2 hours, in molar fraction, the doping of bismuth is 0.9 %, the doping of silicon is 7.6 %.
Synthetic bismuth, the silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst X-ray diffractogram of present embodiment shows that its crystalline phase is the anatase phase, and certain red shift has taken place uv-visible absorption spectra, and transmission electron microscope shows that this sample particle diameter is 12.8 nm.
Degradation rate to the 4-chlorophenol under the present embodiment sample radiation of visible light is 81.5%, and its activity is single silicon doping TiO
28.3 times.
The ethanol solution of measuring 50ml 0.01 mol/L bismuth acetate, 50ml 0.3 mol/L sodium metasilicate is 2.5 toward wherein adding salpeter solution adjustment pH in reactor, obtains mixed solution after stirring; Ethanol solution with the isopropyl titanate of 100ml 2mol/L under the stirring at room is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution, dropwises continued and stirs 10 hours, obtains monodisperse sol; With gained colloidal sol 100 ℃ of oven dry 8 hours xerogel, 500 ℃ of calcinings obtained faint yellow bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst in 2 hours, in molar fraction, the doping of bismuth is 0.2 %, the doping of silicon is 12.1 %.
Synthetic bismuth, the silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst X-ray diffractogram of present embodiment shows that its crystalline phase is the anatase phase, and red shift to a certain degree takes place uv-visible absorption spectra, and transmission electron microscope shows that this sample particle diameter is 11.9 nm.
To 2, the degradation rate of 4-chlorophenol is 74.6% under the present embodiment sample radiation of visible light, and its activity is 5.1 times of P25.
The ethanol solution of measuring 50ml 0.01 mol/L bismuth acetate, 50ml 0.3 mol/L sodium metasilicate is 1 toward wherein adding salpeter solution adjustment pH in reactor, obtains mixed solution after stirring; Ethanol solution with the butyl titanate of 400ml 0.5mol/L under the stirring at room is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution, dropwises continued and stirs 9 hours, obtains monodisperse sol; With gained colloidal sol 80 ℃ of oven dry 9 hours xerogel, 600 ℃ of calcinings obtained faint yellow bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst in 2.5 hours, in molar fraction, the doping of bismuth is 0.2 %, the doping of silicon is 11.3 %.
Synthetic bismuth, the silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst X-ray diffractogram of present embodiment shows that its crystalline phase is the anatase phase, and red shift has to a certain degree taken place uv-visible absorption spectra, and transmission electron microscope shows that this sample particle diameter is 16.4 nm.
Degradation rate to the 4-chlorophenol under the present embodiment sample radiation of visible light is 67.8%, and its activity is single silicon doping TiO
27.5 times.
Embodiment 5
The ethanol solution of measuring 50ml 0.05 mol/L bismuth acetate, 50ml 0.1 mol/L sodium metasilicate is 2 toward wherein adding salpeter solution adjustment pH in reactor, obtains mixed solution after stirring; Ethanol solution with the isopropyl titanate of 100ml 2mol/L under the stirring at room is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution, dropwises continued and stirs 10 hours, obtains monodisperse sol; With gained colloidal sol 90 ℃ of oven dry 8 hours xerogel, 650 ℃ of calcinings obtained faint yellow bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst in 2 hours, in molar fraction, the doping of bismuth is 1.1 %, the doping of silicon is 5.5 %.
Synthetic bismuth, the silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst X-ray diffractogram of present embodiment shows that its crystalline phase is the anatase phase, and red shift has taken place uv-visible absorption spectra, and transmission electron microscope shows that this sample particle diameter is 20.5 nm.
To 2, the degradation rate of 4-chlorophenol is 74.6% under the present embodiment sample radiation of visible light, and its activity is 5.3 times of commercial P25.
Embodiment 6
The ethanol solution of measuring 50ml 0.01 mol/L bismuth chloride, 50ml 0.5 mol/L sodium metasilicate is 3 toward wherein adding salpeter solution adjustment pH in reactor, obtains mixed solution after stirring; Ethanol solution with the isopropyl titanate of 200ml 1mol/L under the stirring at room is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution, dropwises continued and stirs 10 hours, obtains monodisperse sol; With gained colloidal sol 100 ℃ of oven dry 7 hours xerogel, 700 ℃ of calcinings obtained faint yellow bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst in 2 hours, in molar fraction, the doping of bismuth is 0.3 %, the doping of silicon is 15.6 %.
Synthetic bismuth, the silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst X-ray diffractogram of present embodiment shows that its crystalline phase is the anatase phase, and red shift has taken place uv-visible absorption spectra, and transmission electron microscope shows that this sample particle diameter is 17.2 nm.
Degradation rate to the 4-chlorophenol under the present embodiment sample radiation of visible light is 72.3%, and its activity is 4.5 times of P25.
Embodiment 7
The ethanol solution of measuring 50ml 0.02 mol/L bismuth chloride, 50ml 0.2 mol/L sodium metasilicate is 2.5 toward wherein adding salpeter solution adjustment pH in reactor, obtains mixed solution after stirring; Ethanol solution with the butyl titanate of 100ml 2mol/L under the stirring at room is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution, dropwises continued and stirs 10 hours, obtains monodisperse sol; With gained colloidal sol 90 ℃ of oven dry 8 hours xerogel, 800 ℃ of calcinings obtained faint yellow bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst in 2 hours, in molar fraction, the doping of bismuth is 0.4 %, the doping of silicon is 8.0 %.
Synthetic bismuth, the silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst X-ray diffractogram of present embodiment shows that its crystalline phase is mainly the anatase phase; Contain 10.6% rutile phase approximately; Red shift to a certain degree takes place in uv-visible absorption spectra, and transmission electron microscope shows that this sample particle diameter is 24.1 nm.
To 2,4, the degradation rate of 5-trichlorophenol is 65.7% under the present embodiment sample radiation of visible light, and its activity is single silicon doping TiO
26.8 times.
Embodiment 8
The ethanol solution of measuring 50ml 0.02 mol/L bismuth nitrate, 50ml 0.2 mol/L ethyl orthosilicate is 1.5 toward wherein adding salpeter solution adjustment pH in reactor, obtains mixed solution after stirring; Ethanol solution with the butyl titanate of 100ml 2mol/L under the stirring at room is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution, dropwises continued and stirs 8 hours, obtains monodisperse sol; With gained colloidal sol 90 ℃ of oven dry 8 hours xerogel, 800 ℃ of calcinings obtained faint yellow bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst in 1.5 hours, in molar fraction, the doping of bismuth is 0.5 %, the doping of silicon is 7.1 %.
Synthetic bismuth, the silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst X-ray diffractogram of present embodiment shows that its crystalline phase is mainly the anatase phase; Contain 5.0% rutile phase approximately; Red shift has taken place in uv-visible absorption spectra, and transmission electron microscope shows that this sample particle diameter is 22.5 nm.
To 2,4, the degradation rate of 5-trichlorophenol is 69.6% under the present embodiment sample radiation of visible light, and its activity is 4.8 times of P25.
The used P25 of embodiment is meant the titanium dioxide optical catalyst of the code name P25 that German Degussa company produces.
Adopt the embodiment sample to be among the above embodiment: the initial concentration 1 * 10 of chlorophenol pollutant to the experiment condition of typical chlorophenol pollutant in the light degradation sewage (like 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-two chlorophenols, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol)
-4Mol/L; Catalyst amount 1.0 g/L; Light source adopts xenon lamp or the halogen tungsten lamp (using optical filter elimination wavelength to be visible light less than the light of 420 nm entirely with the assurance irradiates light) of 300W; Removal efficient with chlorophenol pollutant in the photocatalytic degradation process is the evaluation index of photocatalytic activity, and visible light activity is with bismuth or the single doped Ti O of silicon
2And P25 is a benchmark.
Above data show; With the degradation rate of chlorophenol pollutant evaluation foundation as catalyst efficient; Under other condition same cases; The catalytic efficiency of this catalyst parachlorphenol pollutant is apparently higher than P25 (titanium dioxide optical catalyst of the code name P25 that German Degussa company produces), and catalyst of the present invention photocatalysis effect in the use of continuous 3 ~ 36h remains stablely simultaneously, deactivation phenomenom do not occur.
Claims (6)
1. bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst, it is characterized in that: in molar fraction, the doping of bismuth is 0.2 ~ 1.1 %, and the doping of silicon is 4.8 ~ 15.6 %.
2. the preparation method of the described bismuth of claim 1, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
The mix ethanol solution of ethanol solution and silicon doping presoma of presoma of bismuth is added in the reactor, uses nitric acid to adjust pH and be 1-3, stir; Stir the ethanol solution that drips the titanium alkoxide down then, stirring at room was hydrolyzed in 8 ~ 10 hours, obtained monodispersed TiO 2 sol; The TiO 2 sol that obtains was obtained xerogel in 6 ~ 9 hours 80 ~ 100 ℃ of oven dry; The gained xerogel is ground the back 400 ~ 800 ℃ of calcinings 1 ~ 3 hour down, obtain bismuth, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst.
3. the preparation method of bismuth as claimed in claim 2, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst, it is characterized in that: the mol ratio of bismuth and titanium is 0.005:1 ~ 0.1:1, the mol ratio of silicon and titanium is 0.05:1 ~ 1:1.
4. like the preparation method of claim 2 or 3 described bismuths, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst; It is characterized in that: the concentration of the ethanol solution of bismuth doping presoma is 0.01 ~ 0.05 mol/L; The concentration of the ethanol solution of silicon doping presoma is 0.1 ~ 0.5 mol/L, and the concentration of the ethanol solution of titanium alkoxide is 0.5 ~ 2 mol/L.
5. the preparation method of bismuth as claimed in claim 4, silicon coblended nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst, it is characterized in that: said titanium alkoxide is butyl titanate or isopropyl titanate; Said bismuth doping presoma is bismuth nitrate, bismuth chloride or bismuth acetate; Said silicon doping presoma is ethyl orthosilicate or sodium metasilicate.
6. bismuth, the silicon coblended application of nano titanium dioxide photocatalyst aspect the degrading chlorophenol pollutant.
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