CN102379840B - 一种具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶的制备及应用 - Google Patents
一种具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶的制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶的制备,由脯氨酸修饰杯[4]芳烃(TPC)与甲基紫精溴盐通过超分子相互作用形成,具体方法是:将TPC、甲基紫精溴盐加入水中混合,用浓度为1mol/L的稀盐酸调节混合液pH为3.0,将混合液加热并维持温度为70℃,至混合液中的固体完全溶解,冷却至室温,即可制得具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶。本发明的优点是:该小分子水凝胶对电化学刺激具有良好的响应性,同时该水凝胶还具有热可逆、pH敏感和化学响应等特性;该小分子水凝胶可以负载亲水的抗癌药阿霉素;该小分子水凝胶的制备方法工艺简单、易于实施,有利于大规模推广应用。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明属于智能材料技术领域,特别是一种具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶的制备及应用。
【背景技术】
小分子凝胶是一类由低分子量的成凝因子自组装形成的凝胶(参见:J.W.Steed,Chem.Commun.2011,47,1379-1383.),也就是低分子量水凝胶(LMWH)。由于其在传感、电化学/光子、结构导向剂、化妆品、药物传输、生物医学等方面的潜在应用,受到日益增加的关注(参见:P.Dastidar,Chem.Soc.Rev.2008,37,2699-2715.)。小分子凝胶通常是由生物相容的组分衍生而得,通过非共价相互作用交联在一起,因此,与常见的高分子凝胶相比更加容易降解(参见:L.A.Estroff,A.D.Hamilton,Chem.Rev.2004,104,1201-1207.)。为了实现这一优点,在小分子凝胶体系中引入光活性、电活性、化学活性基团等来制备具有刺激响应性的凝胶受到了人们广泛的关注,大量的文献也相继有所报道(参见:C.Wang,Q.Chen,F.Sun,D.Q.Zhang,G.X.Zhang,Y.Y.Huang,R.Zhao,D.B.Zhu,J.Am.Chem.Soc.2010,132,3092-3096.)。
水是组成有机体的重要部分,水调解和调节着生物体内复杂的生物过程(参见:L.Fang,S.Basu,C.H.Sue,A.C.Fahrenbach,J.F.Stoddart,J.Am.Chem.Soc.2011,133,396-399.)。在水溶液中形成的凝胶,也就是水凝胶,广泛的应用在个人护理产品、食品以及新兴的生物学领域(参见:M.de Loos,B.L.Feringa,J.H.van Esch,Eur.J.Org.Chem.2005,3615-3631.)。因此,低分子量水凝胶的发展受到人们的广泛关注。然而,并非所有的非共价相互作用在水溶液中都是有效地,为了解决这一问题,水溶性的大环受体,例如环糊精、杯芳烃和葫芦脲等,已经被用来作为制备小分子水凝胶的新方法(参见:J.W.Steed,J.A.Foster,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2010,49,6718-6724.)。基于脯氨酸修饰的杯[4]芳烃的小分子水凝胶受到人们的广泛关注(参见:T.Becker,C.Y.Goh,F.Jones,M.J.McIldowie,M.Mocerino,M.I.Ogden,Chem.Commun.2008,33,3900-3092;(2)C.Y.Goh,T.Becker,D.H.Brown,B.W.Skelton,F.Jones,M.Mocerino,M.I.Ogden,Chem.Commun.2011,47,6057-6059;(3)J.Zhang,D.S.Guo,L.H.Wang,Z.Wang,Y.Liu,SoftMater 2011,7,1756-1762)。
紫精是一类重要的氧化还原电对,已广泛的应用于构筑功能分子组装和分子机器的子单元、电致变色显示器的器件等(参见:C.L.Bird,A.T.Kuhn,Chem.Soc.Rev.1981,10,49-82;(2)V.Balzani,A.Credi,F.M.Raymo,J.F.Stoddart,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2000,39,3348-3391.)。将紫精引入到脯氨酸修饰杯[4]芳烃(TPC)的成凝体系中以赋予其电刺激响应能力,从而制备电化学刺激响应的小分子水凝胶。氧化还原响应的体系可以应用在环境友好的电功能体系,例如电转换材料等(参见:I.Tomatsu,A.Hashidzume,A.Harada,Macromol.Rapid Commun.2006,27,238-241.)。因此,构筑电刺激响应的小分子水凝胶具有很重大的意义。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是针对上述技术分析,提供一种具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶的制备及应用,紫精的抗衡离子对凝胶的形成具有决定性的作用,不同的紫精溴盐对凝胶的性质也有着重要的影响;该小分子水凝胶是对电刺激具有良好的响应性,同时还具有热可逆性和化学响应性,该凝胶可以负载亲水的抗癌药阿霉素。
本发明的技术方案:
一种具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶的制备,由脯氨酸修饰杯[4]芳烃(TPC)与甲基紫精溴盐通过超分子相互作用形成,具体方法是:将TPC、甲基紫精溴盐加入水中混合,用浓度为1mol/L的稀盐酸调节混合液pH为3.0,将混合液加热并维持温度为70℃,至混合液中的固体完全溶解,冷却至室温,即可制得具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶。
所述脯氨酸修饰杯[4]芳烃(TPC)的化学结构式为:
所述TPC、紫精盐和水的用量比为5.0摩尔∶5.0摩尔∶1L。
一种所述具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶的应用,用于负载亲水的抗癌药阿霉素。
本发明的反应机理及产品特性:
在酸性条件下,脯氨酸修饰杯[4]芳烃自身聚集形成胶束,甲基紫精溴盐诱导其由胶束向纤维转化,并将其交联在一起,从而形成室温下稳定的小分子水凝胶。
本发明制备的小分子水凝胶具有电刺激响应特性,即小分子水凝胶随着紫精的双电子还原转变为溶液,当紫精氧化到双正电荷状态时,加热冷凝后,凝胶可以恢复;该小分子水凝胶随着外界温度的升高而转变为溶液,随着外界温度的降低而再次生成水凝胶;该小分子水凝胶中加入铝屑、NaI等化学物质后,凝胶破坏。
本发明的优点是:该小分子水凝胶对电化学刺激具有良好的响应性,同时该水凝胶还具有热可逆、pH敏感和化学响应等特性;该小分子水凝胶可以负载亲水的抗癌药阿霉素;该小分子水凝胶的制备方法工艺简单、易于实施,有利于大规模推广应用。
【附图说明】
图1为甲基紫精形成小分子水凝胶AFM形貌。
图2甲基紫精溴盐在pH 3.0的TPC水溶液中的循化伏安曲线。
图3为TPC与甲基紫精溴盐形成小分子水凝胶中荧光染料由于温度变化而引起的荧光强度的变化,其中:(a)水凝胶的温度从25℃升至70℃时,ANS荧光强度变化曲线;(b)水凝胶的温度由70℃降至25℃时,ANS荧光强度变化曲线。
图4为TPC与甲基紫精小分子水凝胶中阿霉素的控制释放曲线。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1:
一种具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶的制备,由脯氨酸修饰杯[4]芳烃(TPC)与甲基紫精溴盐通过超分子相互作用形成,具体方法是:将4.7mg TPC与1.7mg甲基紫精溴盐加入1mL水中混合,用浓度为1mol/L的盐酸调节混合液pH为3.0,将混合液加热并维持温度为70℃,至混合液中的固体完全溶解,冷却至室温,即可制得具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶。图1为甲基紫精形成小分子水凝胶AFM形貌。
该小分子水凝胶的电化学刺激响应特性检测:
以Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,铂丝为对电极,铂片为工作电极,将电极插入制备的小分子凝胶中,采用-0.7V的还原电位进行电解将MV2+被还原为MV+·,水凝胶转化为溶液。得到的溶液在空气中静置几十秒后,MV+·被空气中的氧化为MV2+,加热混合液,冷却至室温后,凝胶相恢复。采用-1.2V的还原电位电解,水凝胶破坏。
图2为甲基紫精溴盐和TPC在pH 3.0的循环伏安曲线,表明甲基紫精溴盐可逆的氧化还原过程。
该小分子水凝胶的化学响应性检测:
1)在凝胶表面放置50当量的铝箔,静置10小时以上,凝胶破坏。
2)在凝胶上层覆盖一层NaI溶液,静置1个小时后,凝胶破坏。
该小分子水凝胶的pH敏感性检测:
在凝胶的表面滴一滴1mol/L的NaOH水溶液,凝胶慢慢转变为溶液。用1mol/L的盐酸调节混合液的pH至3.0,加热使之完全溶解,冷却后得到小分子水凝胶。
实施例2:
一种具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶的制备及其热可逆性检测:
将9.3mg TPC与3.4mg甲基紫精溴盐以及0.3mg ANS混合于1mL水中,用1mol/L盐酸将混合液pH调节至3.0,60-70℃加热至完全溶解,冷却至室温,得到含有ANS的小分子水凝胶。图3为TPC与甲基紫精溴盐形成小分子水凝胶中荧光染料由于温度变化而引起的荧光强度的变化图,将水凝胶的温度从25℃升温至70℃时,ANS荧光强度明显下降,如图3(a)所示,这说明凝胶的骨架结构随着温度上升而瓦解,凝胶开始软化并向溶胶方向转化;将水凝胶的温度由70℃降至25℃时,发射强度逐步恢复,如图3(b)所示,溶胶的骨架开始重新聚集,交联,凝胶形成。表明如上的小分子水凝胶是热可逆的。
实施例3:
该小分子水凝胶用于负载亲水的抗癌药阿霉素,应用和检测方法如下:
将9.3mg TPC与3.4mg甲基紫精溴盐以及1mg阿霉素混合于1mL水中,用1mol/L盐酸将混合液pH调节至3.0,60-70℃加热至完全溶解,冷却至室温,得到载有阿霉素的小分子水凝胶。将制备的小分子水凝胶浸没在2.0mL pH3.0的水溶液中,用紫外-可见光谱,检测其490nm处的吸收,这是阿霉素的最大吸收波长,阿德里亚霉素分子成功的从凝胶中释放出来。
图4为TPC与甲基紫精小分子水凝胶中阿霉素的控制释放曲线图,图中表明阿德里亚霉素分子成功的从凝胶中释放出来。
Claims (3)
1.一种具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:由脯氨酸修饰杯[4]芳烃(TPC)与甲基紫精溴盐通过超分子相互作用形成,具体方法是:将TPC、甲基紫精溴盐加入水中混合,用浓度为1mol/L的稀盐酸调节混合液pH为3.0,将混合液加热并维持温度为70℃,至混合液中的固体完全溶解,冷却至室温,即可制得具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述TPC、甲基紫精溴盐和水的用量比为5.0摩尔:5.0摩尔:1L。
3.一种如权利要求1所述方法制备的具有电刺激响应特性的小分子水凝胶的应用,其特征在于:用于负载亲水的抗癌药阿霉素。
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