CN102378008A - Video encoding method, video encoding device and video encoding system for shortening waiting time for playing - Google Patents
Video encoding method, video encoding device and video encoding system for shortening waiting time for playing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a video encoding method for shortening the waiting time for playing. The method includes the following steps: receiving a video stream; setting at least one P frame as a queue-jumping frame for the group of pictures of the video stream, setting the queue-jumping frame as a short-term reference frame, and setting an I frame as a long-term reference frame for the group of pictures of the video stream; by referring to the long-term reference frame of the current group of pictures, encoding the queue-jumping frame of the current group of pictures; receiving a request for cutting in a video stream, and feeding back the long-term reference frame and the queue-jumping frame of the current group of pictures. To sum up, the invention presets the queue-jumping frame, sets the queue-jumping frame to only refer to the I frame of the current GOP (group of pictures), and feeds the I frame and the queue-jumping frame of the current GOP back to a new viewer when the request of the new viewer for cut-in is fed back, consequently, the new viewer can rapidly connect the current video stream, and the waiting time of the new viewer is greatly shortened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the coding and decoding video field, relate in particular to a kind of method for video coding, Apparatus and system that reduces play waiting time.
Background technology
In traditional multi-client encoding and decoding and transmission system, new spectators need wait when wanting switching in video data stream.For example, when present new user's switching in video data flows: suppose that server end coding and the image sets GOP length of sending are 100 frames, whole video stream is totally 200 frames; Then server needs transmitted stream to be designated as code stream S; In order to express easily, set code stream S and do not comprise the B frame, S is expressed as like code stream:
S：I
0?P
1?P
2…P
99?I
100?P
101?P
102…P
199
Among the code stream S, alphabetical I and P represent the type of coding of each frame respectively, and index number is represented coding and the DISPLAY ORDER of each frame in video flowing.
Because the decoded result of P frame must depend on the I frame of same GOP, therefore, in traditional multi-client coding and decoding video and transmission system, the I frame that new spectators must wait next GOP arrives, and could correctly decode and display of video streams.
New spectators are designated as code stream N from the correct decoded video stream of ability that server receives.
Because new spectators possibly send the request of switching in video data stream at any time, therefore the situation of the N that receives of different new spectators varies.
Suppose the P of certain new spectators at code stream S
18The place sends the request of switching in video data stream, and then corresponding N can be expressed as:
N：I
100?P
101?P
102…
Therefore in traditional multi-client coding and decoding video and transmission system, new spectators must wait until that next GOP begins the place and could flow by successful switching in video data.Saying that from probability new spectators' waiting time is relevant with the length of GOP---GOP is long more, and new spectators' waiting time maybe be also just long more.In order to make user's switching in video data stream more fast, a kind of decoding method of the stream of switching in video data more efficiently need be provided.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to propose a kind of method for video coding that reduces play waiting time, and this method comprises:
Receiver, video stream;
For the image sets of video flowing is provided with at least one P frame as jumping the queue frame, it is short-term reference frame that the said frame of jumping the queue is set, for the image sets of video flowing is provided with an I frame as long term reference frame;
Long term reference frame with reference to the present image group is encoded to the frame of jumping the queue of present image group;
Receive the request of switching in video data stream, the long term reference frame of present image group and the frame of jumping the queue are fed back.
Wherein, described " for the image sets of video flowing is provided with at least one P frame as jumping the queue frame " be specially:
Number of reference frames N2 is set, 2≤N2＜5; Said reference frame comprises short-term reference frame and long term reference frame;
The setting frame period N1 that jumps the queue; All frame of video quantity of N2＜N1＜one image sets;
After receiving an I frame, except that the I frame, from the I frame, every frame of video at a distance from the N1 frame is set to the frame of jumping the queue in the image sets.
Wherein, described " long term reference frame of present image group and the frame of jumping the queue are fed back " is specially:
Existing I frame in the current buffering area is fed back, and the waiting n frame (behind the number of video frame of n≤N1), feeds back the follow-up frame of receiving of jumping the queue.
The present invention also provides a kind of video coding apparatus that reduces play waiting time, and described device comprises: receiving element, coding unit, feedback unit;
Receiving element is used for receiver, video stream;
The first fgs encoder unit comprises second coding unit, the 3rd coding unit;
Second coding unit, the image sets that is used to video flowing is provided with at least one P frame as jumping the queue frame, and it is short-term reference frame that the said frame of jumping the queue is set; For the image sets of video flowing is provided with an I frame as long term reference frame;
The 3rd coding unit is used for reference to the long term reference frame of present image group the frame of jumping the queue of present image group being encoded;
Feedback unit is used to receive the request of switching in video data stream, and the long term reference frame of present image group and the frame of jumping the queue are fed back.
Wherein, described second coding unit comprises: reference frame is provided with the unit, the frame of jumping the queue is provided with the unit;
Reference frame is provided with the unit, is used to be provided with number of reference frames N2,2≤N2＜5; Said reference frame comprises short-term reference frame and long term reference frame;
The frame of jumping the queue is provided with the unit, is used for being provided with the frame period N1 that jumps the queue; All frame of video quantity of N2＜N1＜one image sets; After receiving an I frame, except that the I frame, from the I frame, every frame of video at a distance from the N1 frame is set to the frame of jumping the queue in the image sets.
Wherein, described feedback unit specifically comprises: I frame feedback unit, the frame feedback unit of jumping the queue;
I frame feedback unit is used for the existing I frame of current buffering area is fed back;
The frame feedback unit of jumping the queue is used for the waiting n frame and (behind the number of video frame of n≤N1), the follow-up frame of receiving of jumping the queue is fed back.
In sum; The present invention is through presetting the frame of jumping the queue; And the only I frame of the current GOP of reference of frame of jumping the queue is set, and when the new spectators' of feedback insertion request, the I frame of current GOP and the frame of jumping the queue is fed back to new spectators; Make new spectators can insert current video stream fast, reduced new spectators' stand-by period greatly; And the experimental data through the present invention provides can find, the method that provides through the present invention even under identical situation of stand-by period, also can reduce the code check of transmission.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the video coding apparatus structure chart structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 2.
Embodiment
In order to make the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, for the ease of explanation, only show the part relevant with the embodiment of the invention.Should be appreciated that the specific embodiment that this place is described, only be used to explain the present invention, not in order to restriction the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of method for video coding that reduces play waiting time, and this method makes and reduces the stand-by period by new spectators switching in video data stream fast through proposing a kind of method of jumping the queue.
The present invention institute is improved, is the problem of new spectators' waits for too long.This method is called (cut-in) method of jumping the queue; It is new spectators wait for next I frame not according to traditional approach arrival; But several P frames are set as " frame of jumping the queue " (call the C frame in the following text, get first letter of cut-in) in a GOP, supply the quick switching in video data stream of new spectators.
The main thought of the method for jumping the queue is: utilize the multi-reference frame mechanism of standard H.264, the I frame of each GOP is set at long term reference frame, when new spectators required switching in video data stream, the C frame of encoding made it only with reference to the I frame.According to the principle of video compression technology H.264, new spectators only need receive correct I frame and C frame, just can cut fast, normally watch C frame and video afterwards thereof.
Embodiment 1, and the present invention provides a kind of method for video coding that reduces play waiting time, and this method mainly is that the image sets for video flowing is provided with at least one P frame as jumping the queue frame, for the image sets of video flowing is provided with an I frame as long term reference frame; Long term reference frame with reference to the present image group is encoded to the frame of jumping the queue of present image group; Receive the request of switching in video data stream, the long term reference frame of present image group and the frame of jumping the queue are fed back.
Referring to Fig. 1, this method specifically can for:
Step 101: receiver, video stream;
Step 102: during coding I frame, the I frame that each GOP of video flowing is set is a long term reference frame;
Step 103: each GOP is provided with the frame of jumping the queue at least;
Step 104: coding is when jumping the queue frame, and it is short-term reference frame that the described frame of jumping the queue is set, and only with reference to the first frame I frame of current GOP.
Wherein, each GOP is provided with one when jumping the queue frame at least, can for:
The setting frame period N1 that jumps the queue, and; All frame of video quantity of N2＜N1＜one image sets that is to say that N1 can specify arbitrarily in above-mentioned scope.
Reference frame quantity N2 is set, 2≤N2＜5;
And on principle, the inventive method is applicable to the video code flow of reference frame quantity more than 2 frames (comprising long and short phase reference frame each frame at least);
After receiving an I frame, except that the I frame, from the I frame, every frame of video at a distance from the N1 frame is set to the frame of jumping the queue in the image sets.According to the reference frame quantity that has been provided with, can learn that the quantity of the frame of jumping the queue should be N2-1; That is to say that number of reference frames N2 removes a long term reference frame frame I frame.
Step 105: during other frame of video except that the I frame of coding, can be set to short-term reference frame;
Step 106: in a single day server receives the request of new spectators' switching in video data stream, will be with existing I frame in the current buffering area, and promptly long term reference frame sends these spectators, and the waiting n frame (behind the number of video frame of n≤N1), sends to this spectators with the follow-up frame of jumping the queue.
Describe with a concrete example below:
Suppose that a video such as code stream S are expressed as:
S：I
0?P
1?P
2…P
99?I
100?P
101?P
102…P
199
Among the code stream S, alphabetical I and P represent the type of coding of each frame respectively, and index number is represented coding and the DISPLAY ORDER of each frame in video flowing.
The GOP length of the video flowing of supposing server end coding and sending is 100 frames, and whole video totally 200 frames, and establish the interframe of jumping the queue be divided into 20 (annotate: here just wherein a kind of situation of hypothesis so that statement.Jump the queue in concrete application interval of frame both can be specified arbitrarily by encoder-side; Can not fix yet; Promptly any one P frame can become the frame of jumping the queue among GOP; As long as meet all frame of video quantity of N2＜N1＜one image sets), then server needs transmitted stream to be designated as code stream S ', for example:
S’：I
0?P
1?P
2…P
19?C
20?P
21?P
22…P
39?C
40?P
41?P
42…P
99?I
100…P
199
In S ', alphabetical I and P represent the type of coding of each frame respectively; The C frame belongs to the special P frame, and is special in its I frame with reference to this GOP; Index number is represented coding and the DISPLAY ORDER of each frame in video flowing.
In the example shown in the S ', adopt the method for jumping the queue to encode, be example with first GOP, the frame of jumping the queue is I
0, C
20, C
40, C
60, C
80, jumping the queue is spaced apart 20, and the maximum duration that just new spectators wait for can not surpass the time of the reception and 20 two field pictures of decoding.
If new spectators are designated as code stream N ' from the correctly decoded video streams that server receives; The P of the code stream S ' that certain new spectators compiles out in the method for jumping the queue
18The place sends the request of switching in video data stream, and then these spectators can be from the code stream N ' that encoder correctly receives:
N’：I
0?C
20?P
21?P
22…P
39?C
40?P
41?P
42…P
99?I
100?P
101?P
102…
Because C
20Only with reference to I
0, not with reference to P
19, so decoder is even without receiving P
1～P
19, C also can correctly decode
20And video image afterwards.
Contrast N:I
100P
101P
102And N ': I
0C
20P
21P
22P
39C
40P
41P
42P
99I
100P
101P
102, be not difficult to find out: send under the identical situation of the time point of switching in video data stream new spectators, conventional method needs new spectators wait for 82 frames, and the method for jumping the queue only needs new spectators wait for 2 frames, has shortened new spectators' stand-by period greatly.
In order to verify method provided by the invention, carried out following experiment:
(1) experiment 1-1: with traditional coding method called after traditional_1, the inventive method is called after cut-in then.3 200 frame CIF format video files to camera is motionless are encoded.Traditional_1 and cut-in encoder are provided with as follows:
(1) GOP=100, frame per second 10fps, code check 100Kbps.
(2) do not contain the B frame in the code stream.
(3) difference of cut-in and traditional_1 only is: per 20 frames of cut-in encoder are sent out the frame of jumping the queue (C frame).
Setting and the S:I of experiment 1-1
0P
1P
2P
99I
100P
101P
102P
199And S ': I
0P
1P
2P
19C
20P
21P
22P
39C
40P
41P
42P
99I
100P
199Shown in example identical, the corresponding data of experiment are seen table 1-1.In this table, image is represented with the three-component Y-PSNR of YUV (PSNR) through the quality that " coding---decoding " back rebuilds.
Table 1-1cut-in VS traditional_1: code stream size and quality
From table 1-1, N:I
100P
101P
102And N ': I
0C
20P
21P
22P
39C
40P
41P
42P
99I
100P
101P
102, can reach a conclusion: be provided with down at identical frame per second, Rate Control and I frame period, the code stream size that the method for jumping the queue and conventional method generate is basic identical; The method of jumping the queue shortens 80% with half way spectators' latent period, and cost is that theater's video quality (being as the criterion with the Y component) is than the conventional method 0.4dB that descended.
(2) experiment 1-2 stand-by period same case reduces code check down
This conclusion obtains through experiment 3-2.
In experiment 1-2, with traditional coding method called after traditional_2, the inventive method is called after cut-in then.3 200 frame CIF format video files to camera is motionless are encoded.
The cut-in encoder is provided with experiment 1-1.
Being provided with as follows of traditional_2 encoder:
(1) GOP=20 (identical) with the C frame period of cut-in encoder, frame per second 10fps, code check 100Kbps.
(2) do not contain the B frame in the code stream.
That is to say that the difference of traditional_2 and traditional_1 only is the different of I frame period.
The corresponding data of experiment 1-2 are seen table 1-2.In this table, quality of reconstructed images is to represent with the three-component PSNR of YUV equally.
Table 1-2 cut-in VS traditional_2: code stream size and quality
3-2 can find out from table, is provided with down at interval at identical frame per second, Rate Control and the frame of jumping the queue (for traditional_2, I frame jump the queue exactly frame), and the picture quality of cut-in and traditional_2 two encoders is basic identical; And the code stream of cut-in is littler by 5.4%～9.2% than traditional_2.
Embodiment 2, referring to Fig. 2 the present invention a kind of video coding apparatus that reduces play waiting time are provided also, and described device comprises: receiving element, coding unit, feedback unit;
Receiving element is used for receiver, video stream;
The first fgs encoder unit comprises second coding unit, the 3rd coding unit;
Second coding unit, the image sets that is used to video flowing is provided with at least one P frame as jumping the queue frame, and the said frame of jumping the queue is set to short-term reference frame; For the image sets of video flowing is provided with an I frame as long term reference frame;
The 3rd coding unit is used for reference to the long term reference frame of present image group the frame of jumping the queue of present image group being encoded;
Feedback unit is used to receive the request of switching in video data stream, and the long term reference frame of present image group and the frame of jumping the queue are fed back.
Wherein, the second above-mentioned coding unit comprises that reference frame is provided with the unit, the frame of jumping the queue is provided with the unit;
Reference frame is provided with the unit, is used to be provided with number of reference frames N2,2≤N2＜5; Said reference frame comprises long term reference frame and short-term reference frame;
The frame of jumping the queue is provided with the unit, is used for being provided with the frame period N1 that jumps the queue; All frame of video quantity of N2＜N1＜one image sets; After receiving an I frame, except that the I frame, from the I frame, every frame of video at a distance from the N1 frame is set to the frame of jumping the queue in the image sets.
Above-mentioned feedback unit specifically comprises: I frame feedback unit, the frame feedback unit of jumping the queue;
I frame feedback unit is used for the existing I frame of current buffering area is fed back;
The frame feedback unit of jumping the queue is used for the waiting n frame and (behind the number of video frame of n≤N1), the follow-up frame of receiving of jumping the queue is fed back.
In sum; The present invention is through presetting the frame of jumping the queue; And the only I frame of the current GOP of reference of frame of jumping the queue is set, and when the new spectators' of feedback insertion request, the I frame of current GOP and the frame of jumping the queue is fed back to new spectators; Make new spectators can insert current video stream fast, reduced new spectators' stand-by period greatly; And the experimental data through the present invention provides can find, the method that provides through the present invention even under identical situation of stand-by period, also can reduce the code check of transmission.
Those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that; All or part of step in realization the foregoing description method can be accomplished through the program command related hardware; Described program can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium, and described storage medium can be ROM, RAM, disk, CD etc.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to restriction the present invention, all any modifications of within spirit of the present invention and principle, being done, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a method for video coding that reduces play waiting time is characterized in that, this method comprises:
Receiver, video stream;
For the image sets of video flowing is provided with at least one P frame as jumping the queue frame, it is short-term reference frame that the said frame of jumping the queue is set, for the image sets of video flowing is provided with an I frame as long term reference frame;
Long term reference frame with reference to the present image group is encoded to the frame of jumping the queue of present image group;
Receive the request of switching in video data stream, the long term reference frame of present image group and the frame of jumping the queue are fed back.
2. the method for video coding of minimizing play waiting time according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described " for the image sets of video flowing is provided with at least one P frame as jumping the queue frame " is specially:
Number of reference frames N2 is set, 2≤N2＜5; Said reference frame comprises short-term reference frame and long term reference frame;
The setting frame period N1 that jumps the queue; All frame of video quantity of N2＜N1＜one image sets;
After receiving an I frame, except that the I frame, from the I frame, every frame of video at a distance from the N1 frame is set to the frame of jumping the queue in the image sets.
3. reduce the method for video coding of play waiting time according to claim, it is characterized in that described " long term reference frame of present image group and the frame of jumping the queue are fed back " is specially:
Existing I frame in the current buffering area is fed back, and the waiting n frame (behind the number of video frame of n≤N1), feeds back the follow-up frame of receiving of jumping the queue.
4. a video coding apparatus that reduces play waiting time is characterized in that, described device comprises: receiving element, coding unit, feedback unit;
Receiving element is used for receiver, video stream;
The first fgs encoder unit comprises second coding unit, the 3rd coding unit;
Second coding unit, the image sets that is used to video flowing is provided with at least one P frame as jumping the queue frame, and it is short-term reference frame that the said frame of jumping the queue is set; For the image sets of video flowing is provided with an I frame as long term reference frame;
The 3rd coding unit is used for reference to the long term reference frame of present image group the frame of jumping the queue of present image group being encoded;
Feedback unit is used to receive the request of switching in video data stream, and the long term reference frame of present image group and the frame of jumping the queue are fed back.
5. the video coding apparatus of minimizing play waiting time according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described second coding unit comprises: reference frame is provided with the unit, the frame of jumping the queue is provided with the unit;
Reference frame is provided with the unit, is used to be provided with number of reference frames N2,2≤N2＜5; Said reference frame comprises short-term reference frame and long term reference frame;
The frame of jumping the queue is provided with the unit, is used for being provided with the frame period N1 that jumps the queue; All frame of video quantity of N2＜N1＜one image sets; After receiving an I frame, except that the I frame, from the I frame, every frame of video at a distance from the N1 frame is set to the frame of jumping the queue in the image sets.
6. the video coding apparatus of minimizing play waiting time according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described feedback unit specifically comprises: I frame feedback unit, the frame feedback unit of jumping the queue;
I frame feedback unit is used for the existing I frame of current buffering area is fed back;
The frame feedback unit of jumping the queue is used for the waiting n frame and (behind the number of video frame of n≤N1), the follow-up frame of receiving of jumping the queue is fed back.
7. a video coding system that reduces play waiting time is characterized in that, described terminal comprises one of them the video coding apparatus of minimizing play waiting time of claim 4 to 6.
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