CN102375161B - A Spaceborne Microwave Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Detector - Google Patents
A Spaceborne Microwave Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Detector Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种星载微波大气温度和湿度探测仪，该探测仪包括：马达、天线与馈电单元、接收机单元、定标体、数据管理单元和供电单元；其特征在于，所述的天线与馈电单元，包括：两个天线反射面，该天线反射面为90°偏馈抛物面形式，分别设置在马达输出轴的两端，分别用于接收大气温度和湿度的亮温信号；所述的每个天线反射面的反射路径上各设置有一个极化栅网，用于实现探测频率的分离，经极化栅网分离为透射的水平极化波和折射的垂直极化波；其中，透射的水平极化波经馈源被接收机接收，折射的垂直极化波经二次反射面反射至馈源被另一接收机接收。
The invention relates to a space-borne microwave atmospheric temperature and humidity detector, which includes: a motor, an antenna and a power feeding unit, a receiver unit, a calibration body, a data management unit and a power supply unit; it is characterized in that the Antenna and feed unit, including: two antenna reflection surfaces, the antenna reflection surface is in the form of a 90° offset paraboloid, which are respectively arranged at both ends of the output shaft of the motor, and are respectively used to receive the brightness temperature signals of atmospheric temperature and humidity; A polarization grid is respectively arranged on the reflection path of each antenna reflection surface mentioned above, which is used to realize the separation of the detection frequency, and is separated into transmitted horizontally polarized waves and refracted vertically polarized waves through the polarization grid; , the transmitted horizontally polarized wave is received by the receiver through the feed source, and the refracted vertically polarized wave is reflected to the feed source by the secondary reflection surface and received by another receiver.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atmospheric temperature and humidity detection instrument in the microwave remote sensing technique field, particularly a kind of satellite-borne microwave atmospheric temperature and humidity detection instrument.
Background technology
Satellite-borne microwave atmospheric temperature and humidity detection instrument are a kind of microwave remote sensors of passive type, namely are used on satellite platform the microwave radiometer that atmospheric temperature and humidity are measured.Satellite-borne microwave atmospheric temperature and humidity detection instrument can round-the-clocks, round-the-clock observe the meteorological datas such as global atmosphere temperature and humidity, moisture content, rainfall amount, and the diastrous weathers such as tropical cyclone and typhoon, have vital role in atmospheric exploration; To global climate and Study of Environmental Changes, improve the accuracy of weather forecast, and prevent and reduce natural disasters, life and economic asset loss that the diastrous weathers such as minimizing Heavy Rain of Typhoon cause have significant application value.
For satellite-borne microwave atmospheric temperature and humidity detection instrument, high except detection accuracy, system works stable, the high requirement of reliability, because it is particularly precious that the finiteness of the resources such as satellite platform bulk, weight, power consumption, its miniaturization, low weight, low power dissipation design seem.Before this, international and domestic satellite-borne microwave radiometer for atmospheric temperature and humidity detection all adopts independently system, that is to say the satellite borne equipment that is divided into atmospheric temperature detecting instrument and two function singlenesses of atmospheric humidity sounding instrument, separate, each own independently electric power system and data management system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, provide a kind of with atmospheric temperature and humidity detecting function become one, the detection instrument of high-performance, low weight, low-power consumption, miniaturization.
To achieve these goals, the present invention has designed a kind of satellite-borne microwave atmospheric temperature and humidity detection instrument.
Described satellite-borne microwave atmospheric temperature and humidity detection instrument comprise: Data Management Unit, motor, antenna and feed element, receiver unit, calibration body and power supply unit;
Described Data Management Unit is used for being responsible for finishing the quantised samples of data, and the control system duty is counted the pipe computing machine to satellite and sent the data news that work of going forward side by side, and receives and steering order that the pipe computing machine is counted in decipher, execution satellite;
Described motor is used under the control of Data Management Unit, drives antenna reflective face and carries out the calibration of atmospheric exploration scanner uni;
Described antenna and feed element, the microwave of reception atmosphere and calibration body;
Described calibration body is used for providing the in orbit bright temperature calibration data under the environment of satellite;
Described receiver unit is used for that the microwave signal that antenna and feed element receive is carried out frequency downconverted, amplification, filtering, detection, integration and low frequency and amplifies processing;
Described power supply unit is used for finishing the DC/DC conversion of busbar voltage of satellite and secondary voltage, for said units provides needed each road Voltage-output; It is characterized in that,
Described antenna and feed element comprise: two antenna reflective faces, this antenna reflective face are 90 ° of offset-fed paraboloid forms, are separately positioned on the two ends of motor output shaft, are respectively applied to receive the bright temperature signal of atmospheric temperature and humidity;
Be provided with a polarization aperture plate on the reflection paths of described each antenna reflective face, be separated into the horizontal polarized wave of transmission and the vertically polarized wave of refraction through the polarization aperture plate, wherein, the horizontal polarized wave of transmission receives through the received machine of feed, and the vertically polarized wave of refraction reflexes to the received machine of feed through the secondary reflection face and receives.
The horizontal polarized wave of described two-way transmission is received by 118GHz receiver and 183GHz receiver through feed respectively, and the vertically polarized wave of two-way refraction is received by 89GHz receiver and 150GHz receiver by feed through the reflection of secondary reflection face;
Wherein, 89GHz and 118GHz receiver consist of the atmospheric temperature detecting instrument, and 118GHz is main look-in frequency, and surveying key element is the vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature, and 89GHz is auxiliary look-in frequency, and the detection key element is cirrus, liquid water content and heavy showers;
150GHz and 183GHz receiver consist of the atmospheric humidity sounding instrument, and 183GHz is main look-in frequency, and surveying key element is the vertical distribution of atmospheric humidity, and 150GHz is auxiliary look-in frequency, and the detection key element is cirrus, liquid water content and heavy showers.
Described polarization aperture plate adopts quasi-optics polarization separation aperture plate to realize the separation of look-in frequency.
Described 118GHz receiver comprises: frequency mixer, pre-IF amplifier, power splitter, put in main, wave filter, wave detector, integrator, low-frequency amplifier.
Described 118GHz receiver adopts single superhet radio-frequency front-end intermediate frequency, merit minute multichannel system, at first finish radio frequency to the frequency downconverted of intermediate frequency by frequency mixer, then after amplifying through preposition intermediate frequency, be assigned as 8 receiving cables by power splitter, port number increases as required or reduces; Then by after the amplification among the master, through finished the conversion of intermediate frequency tremendously low frequency after the detection of bandpass filter frequency-selecting realization multi-channel synchronous by wave detector, pass through again integrator low frequency signal is carried out smoothing processing, export digital display circuit to finally by the amplification of mistake low frequency and carry out quantification treatment.
Described 183GHz receiver adopts 5 receiving cables, and port number can increase or reduce as required; Adopt single superhet radio-frequency front-end, intermediate frequency merit minute multichannel system, utilize the bandpass filter frequency-selecting to realize a plurality of Channel Synchronous detections.
Present domestic and international satellite-borne microwave atmospheric humidity sounding instrument in orbit, the 183GHz receiver all adopts 3 detection channels; This detection instrument 183GHz receiver has adopted 5 detection channels, for 3 detection channels detection more careful, have higher detection accuracy.
The invention has the advantages that, satellite-borne microwave atmospheric temperature and humidity detection instrument have not only been realized the synchronizing detection of atmospheric temperature and humidity, satisfied the requirement of low-power consumption, low weight and miniaturization, and temperature sensing has adopted 118GHz, compare with the 50-60GHz that adopts both at home and abroad at present and to have higher spatial resolution, 183GHz has adopted 5 detection channels, detection is more careful for 3 detection channels that adopt at present both at home and abroad, have higher detection accuracy, satisfy the requirement that high-performance is surveyed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 atmospheric temperature and humidity detector system block diagram;
Figure 28 9GHz receiver composition frame chart;
Figure 31 50GHz receiver composition frame chart;
Figure 41 18GHz receiver block diagram;
Figure 51 83GHz receiver block diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, structure of the present utility model is described in more detail.
This spaceborne atmospheric temperature and humidity detector system block diagram, as shown in Figure 1, this satellite-borne microwave atmospheric temperature and humidity detector system comprise: Data Management Unit, motor, calibration body, antenna and feed element, receiver unit and power supply unit.Data Management Unit is responsible for finishing the quantised samples of data, and the control system duty is counted the pipe computing machine to satellite and sent the data news that work of going forward side by side, and receives and steering order that the pipe computing machine is counted in decipher, execution satellite; Motor drives antenna reflective face and carries out the calibration of atmospheric exploration scanner uni under the control of Data Management Unit; The calibration body provides the in orbit bright temperature calibration data under the environment of satellite; Antenna and feed element are comprised of antenna reflective face, polarization aperture plate, secondary reflection face and feed, antenna reflective face is 90 ° of offset-fed paraboloid forms, receive the microwave of atmosphere and calibration body, be separated into the horizontal polarized wave of transmission and the vertically polarized wave of refraction through the polarization aperture plate, wherein transmitted wave is received by 118GHz and 183GHz feed, is received by 89GHz receiver and 150GHz receiver feed after the reflection of refraction wave process secondary reflection face.The shape and size of reflecting surface and secondary reflection face design according to the specific requirement of different onboard systems, and material can be selected the LY12 aluminium alloy or according to the design of different satellite models with build code requirement and select; Receiver unit is comprised of the receiver of 89GHz, 118GHz, 150GHz and four frequencies of 183GHz, wherein 89GHz and 118GHz receiver consist of the atmospheric temperature detecting instrument, 118GHz is main look-in frequency, surveying key element is the vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature, 89GHz is auxiliary look-in frequency, and the detection key element is cirrus, liquid water content and heavy showers etc.; 150GHz and 183GHz receiver consist of the atmospheric humidity sounding instrument, and 183GHz is main look-in frequency, and surveying key element is the vertical distribution of atmospheric humidity, and 150GHz is auxiliary look-in frequency, and the detection key element is cirrus, liquid water content and heavy showers etc.; Power supply unit is finished the DC/DC conversion of busbar voltage of satellite and secondary voltage, for above-mentioned five unit provide needed each road Voltage-output.
89GHz receiver block diagram as shown in Figure 2, comprises radio frequency low-noise amplifier, frequency mixer, intermediate frequency amplifier, wave filter, wave detector, integrator, low-frequency amplifier.The signal that feed receives, through finishing radio frequency to the frequency downconverted of intermediate frequency by frequency mixer after the radio frequency amplification, then through finished the conversion of intermediate frequency tremendously low frequency after intermediate frequency amplification, the wave filter frequency-selecting by wave detector, pass through again integrator low frequency signal is carried out smoothing processing, export digital display circuit to finally by the amplification of mistake low frequency and carry out quantification treatment.
150GHz receiver block diagram as shown in Figure 3, is there is not radio frequency low-noise amplifier with the difference of 89GHz receiver, but adopts direct conversion to receive system, and the component function that the function of other building blocks and 89GHz receiver are corresponding is identical.
The composition form of 118GHz receiver, 183GHz receiver is different with the 150GHz receiver from the 89GHz receiver.The vertical distribution of 118GHz atmospheric sounding temperature, the vertical distribution of 183GHz atmospheric sounding humidity, the two is comprised of a plurality of receiving cables, and the receiver block diagram sees respectively 4, shown in Figure 5.
118GHz receiver block diagram as shown in Figure 4, comprises frequency mixer, pre-IF amplifier, power splitter, puts in main, wave filter, wave detector, integrator, low-frequency amplifier.The signal that feed receives, at first finish radio frequency to the frequency downconverted of intermediate frequency by frequency mixer, then after amplifying through preposition intermediate frequency, be assigned as 8 receiving cables by power splitter, then pass through the wave filter frequency-selecting, make each receiving cable be operated in different frequencies and bandwidth, again through finished the conversion of intermediate frequency tremendously low frequency after putting in main by wave detector, pass through again integrator low frequency signal is carried out smoothing processing, export digital display circuit to finally by the amplification of mistake low frequency and carry out quantification treatment.
183GHz receiver block diagram, as shown in Figure 5, its form of the composition is basic identical with the 118GHz receiver, and difference is that frequency of operation is different, and the receiving cable number is 5.
Novel satellite borne atmospheric temperature and humidity detection instrument working frequency points and each channel frequence parameter are shown in Table 1.According to the specific requirement of different model satellite user, 118GHz receiver and 183GHz receiver detection channels number can increase or reduce, and frequency and the bandwidth of each passage are correspondingly suitably adjusted.
Table 1 Novel satellite borne Atmosphere temp.and RH detection instrument frequency parameter
Traditional satellite-borne microwave atmospheric temperature detecting instrument, look-in frequency are 50-60GHz and 89GHz combination; Atmospheric humidity sounding instrument frequency is 89GHz, 150GHz and 183GHz combination, and the two is the detecting devices of two platform independent, and its significant shortcoming is that the size that takes up space is larger, and weight and power consumption index are high, and temperature sensing frequency range 50-60GHz spatial resolution is lower.
Compare with the atmospheric humidity sounding instrument with traditional satellite-borne microwave atmospheric temperature detecting instrument, satellite-borne microwave atmospheric temperature and humidity detection instrument that the present invention proposes have following characteristics:
1, look-in frequency comprises four frequency: 89GHz, 118GHz, 150GHz and 183GHz, and wherein 118GHz carries out the detecting vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature, and 89GHz surveys cirrus, steam total amount, rainfall etc., and the auxiliary atmospheric temperature detecting that carries out; 183GHz carries out the detecting vertical distribution of atmospheric humidity, and 150GHz surveys cirrus, steam total amount, rainfall etc., and assists into the capable humidity of atmosphere and survey; Compare with traditional satellite-borne microwave atmospheric temperature detecting instrument, realized the integrative detection of air temperature and humidity, and higher for the 118GHz frequency of atmospheric temperature detecting, have higher spatial resolution;
2, antenna configuration adopts the two-antenna configuration scheme, the public reflecting surface of 89GHz, 118GHz that wherein is used for atmospheric temperature detecting, the 150GHz and the public reflecting surface of 183GHz that are used for atmospheric humidity sounding, two independently antenna reflective face be installed in respectively the motor output shaft two ends, realize beam scanning by two reflecting surface rotations of a motor driving, be used for receiving the microwave of atmosphere and calibration body;
3, antenna and feed system adopt the polarization aperture plate to realize polarization and frequency separation, compare with traditional microwave device technology, and be very low to the loss of signal, very little on the impact of receiver noise power, is conducive to improve system's detection accuracy;
4,118GHz, 183GHz receiver adopt single superhet radio-frequency front-end, intermediate frequency merit minute multichannel system, utilize the intermediate-frequency filter frequency-selecting to realize the multi-channel synchronous detection, and detection efficiency is high, and system control logic is simple.
Table 2 has provided the comparison of this detection instrument and traditional satellite-borne microwave atmospheric sounding set characteristics, can find out significantly their difference from table.
The comparison of table 2 and traditional satellite-borne microwave atmospheric sounding set
| Characteristic | Novel satellite borne microwave atmospheric temperature and humidity detection instrument | Tradition satellite-borne microwave atmospheric sounding set |
| Equipment (platform/cover) | One | Two |
| Function | Atmospheric temperature and humidity synchronizing detection | Atmospheric temperature, humidity standalone probe |
| Level of integrated system | High | Low |
| Size takes up space | Little | Greatly |
| Weight | Relatively light | Relatively heavier |
| Power consumption | Relatively low | Relatively high |
| Spatial resolution | Temperature sensing is relatively high | Temperature sensing is relatively low |
| System sensitivity | High | High |
| Detection accuracy | High (humidity is surveyed relatively higher) | High |
Can find out that from the comparing result of table 2 in the same high situation of system sensitivity and detection accuracy, novel air temperature and humidity detection instrument utilizes an equipment to realize that simultaneously atmospheric temperature and humidity surveys, level of integrated system is high; Temperature sensing uses 118GHz, has higher spatial resolution, and atmospheric humidity sounding has adopted more hyperchannel, and detection accuracy is relatively higher; Lightweight, low in energy consumption comparatively speaking, in the satellite little advantage that takes up space, be more suitable for being carried by satellite platform.
It should be noted last that above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described.Although with reference to embodiment the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, technical scheme of the present invention is made amendment or is equal to replacement, do not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
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