CN102374813A - Coiled pipe structure, condensing coiled pipe structure and air-cooled type industrial chiller - Google Patents

Coiled pipe structure, condensing coiled pipe structure and air-cooled type industrial chiller Download PDF

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CN102374813A
CN102374813A CN2010102517122A CN201010251712A CN102374813A CN 102374813 A CN102374813 A CN 102374813A CN 2010102517122 A CN2010102517122 A CN 2010102517122A CN 201010251712 A CN201010251712 A CN 201010251712A CN 102374813 A CN102374813 A CN 102374813A
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district
pipe
row number
blower fan
coil
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李宗兴
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Abstract

The invention provides a coiled pipe structure, which comprises a first part and a second part, the end part of the first part is connected with the end part of the second part to form a V-shaped structure, and the first part and the second part are divided into a first region and a second region respectively, wherein the number of pipe ranks of the first region is greater than the number of pipe ranks of the second region. In addition, the invention further provides a condensing coiled pipe structure adopting the structure and an air-cooled type industrial chiller equipped with the condensing coiled pipe structure.

Description

Coil arrangement, condenser coil structure and ventilation type frozen water machine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fin-tube type heat exchanger, be meant a kind of coil arrangement especially, and adopt the condenser coil structure of said structure and ventilation type frozen water machine with above-mentioned condenser coil structure.
Background technology
As shown in Figure 1, known ventilation type frozen water machine (refrigeration system) 100 is the heat exchangers that extensively are used; On framework 4, be provided with the fin-tube type condenser coil 5 of many groups, each is organized all has a plurality of tube-axial fan blower fans 1 on the condenser coil, and same group of condenser coil is distinguished into two halves; Each is extracted out by the air that its fan will be positioned at the coil pipe bottom outward, reaches the requirement of cooling, because the setting of fan can't be changed; Relatively, air becomes more important through the design of coil pipe, so need to carry out distinguished and admirable velocity analysis to specific structure; Find that coil surface speed has obvious uneven phenomenon in vertical direction; Can reduce the heat transfer property ability of coil pipe, cause condensation temperature to raise, and then reduce the energy efficiency of frozen water machine 100; The angle that changes coil pipe through test passes influential to heat, but can't improve air-flow distribute size uneven with inside and outside inconsistent problem.For the article that more meet actual demand are provided, the inventor researches and develops, to solve the problem that is prone to generation in the known use.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of coil arrangement, makes it improve heat transfer property, to overcome the defective of prior art.
For this reason; The present invention proposes a kind of coil arrangement, and this coil arrangement has first one and second one, and above-mentioned first one end and second one's end is connected to form v type structure; And above-mentioned first one and second portion are not divided into first district and second district; Above-mentioned first district is away from above-mentioned end, and above-mentioned second district is close to above-mentioned end, and the pipe row number in wherein above-mentioned first district is more than the pipe row number in above-mentioned second district.Above-mentioned first one and second one more comprises the mesozone, and above-mentioned mesozone is between above-mentioned first district and above-mentioned second district, and the pipe of above-mentioned mesozone row number is more than the pipe row number in above-mentioned second district.The pipe row number in this above-mentioned first one first district is identical with the pipe row number of this mesozone.Perhaps, the pipe in this above-mentioned second one first district row number is identical with the pipe row number of this mesozone.
The present invention also proposes a kind of condenser coil structure, and it is arranged to left part and right part with paired v type, and is provided with blower fan in the opening of condenser coil, and this left and right according to apart from this blower fan distance coil pipe pipe row being divided into Yi Shang district, Yi Zhong district and an inferior segment; Wherein the pipe row number from this inferior segment of this blower fan this right part far away is at least one row, and this right part should go up district and this right part should in the district be to be outstanding inwardly.
The present invention proposes a kind of ventilation type frozen water machine simultaneously, comprises a compressor, a throttling arrangement, an evaporimeter and a condenser coil, wherein; This condenser coil is arranged to a left part and a right part with paired v type, and is to be provided with a blower fan in an opening of this condenser coil, left and right two ones according to coil pipe pipe row being divided into trisection apart from the blower fan distance; Be respectively near region, middle district and far field; Should in district row's number row's number of being made as this far field add at least two rows, the row's number that lets pipe row number near this near region of this blower fan be made as this far field adds at least one row, the pipe row number from this blower fan this far field farthest is made as row's number of distinguishing in this and is at least a row; The middle district that is the condenser coil mid portion then is 3 rows; Let the pipe row number near the near region of blower fan condenser coil be made as 4 rows, the near region than in distinguish and stretches out inwardly or outwardly, the pipe row number from blower fan far field farthest is made as 2 and arranges; Also can make near, in, row's number in far field increases by a row respectively or reduces by a row, middle district stretches out than the far field inwardly or outwardly.
The present invention also proposes another kind of ventilation type frozen water machine, comprises a compressor, a throttling arrangement, an evaporimeter and a condenser coil, wherein; This condenser coil is arranged to a left part and a right part with paired v type, and is to be provided with a blower fan in an opening of this condenser coil, and this left and right according to apart from this blower fan distance coil pipe pipe row being divided into a Yi Shang district and an inferior segment; This inferior segment coil pipe number lacked a row than going up to distinguish to have at least; Be left and right two ones and also can be made as bisection, row is divided into two five equilibriums with the coil pipe pipe, is respectively to go up district and inferior segment; Making apart from the nearer pipe row number of going up the district of blower fan is 4 rows; Pipe row number from blower fan inferior segment far away is 2 rows, and also can make the row in upper and lower district count ratio is 2: 1, and it is outstanding inwardly to go up Qu Shicheng; Lean on the nearer pipe row number of blower fan all to be made as 4 rows; Apart from blower fan far the row of pipe several then be made as 2 row; Let the condenser coil pipe row number of left part be that 4 rows' length is that 2 row's length are 2: 1 with pipe row number; Letting right part coagulate coil pipe pipe row number is that 4 rows' length is that 2 row's length are 1: 2 with pipe row number, and also can make the row in upper and lower district count ratio is 2: 1 or 5: 3.
Ventilation type frozen water machine (refrigeration system) the condenser coil structure that the present invention proposes; Utilize numerical computations hydrodynamics (Computational fluiddy namics; C F D) the simulation of air flow heat exchanger heat passes analytic approach and also sees through experimental verification, inquires into change condenser coil air wide pre. drop and distributes, for the influence of coil pipe air-flow distribution; Attempt to find out the pipe row arrangement mode that preferable air-flow distributes and promotes the heat exchanger heat transfer performance, solve air-flow distribute size uneven with inside and outside inconsistent shortcoming.Do not increasing under cost and the energy resource consumption restriction; According to pipe row number condenser coil is divided into two or three parts; Increase or reduce the mode of fin pitch and pipe row number with subregion; Design several innovation coil pipes, successfully solve the problem crux of traditional design coil pipe, promote ventilation type frozen water machine condenser system heat-sinking capability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is known ventilation type frozen water machine front view;
Fig. 2 is a basic status side view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the side view of first preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the single group of first a preferred embodiment of the present invention condenser coil side view;
Fig. 5 is the side view of second preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the single group of second a preferred embodiment of the present invention condenser coil side view;
Fig. 7 is the side view of the 3rd preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the single group of the 3rd a preferred embodiment of the present invention condenser coil side view;
Fig. 9 is the side view of the 4th preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the single group of the 4th a preferred embodiment of the present invention condenser coil side view;
Figure 11 is the of the present invention the 5th and six preferred embodiment ventilation type frozen water machine system diagrams;
Figure 12 is each unit test pressure-enthalpy chart.
Description of reference numerals: 1-blower fan; 2,3-coil pipe; The 11-near region; Distinguish among the 12-; The 13-far field; 21,31,34,41, the last district of 44-; 32,35,42, distinguish among the 45-; 22,33,36,43,46-inferior segment; The 10-condenser coil; The 10a-right part; The 10b-left part; 500-ventilation type frozen water machine; The 51-compressor; The 52-condenser; The 53-throttling arrangement; 54a-does swollen formula evaporimeter; The 54b-flooded evaporator; P1~P7-pressure; T1~T7, Tai, Tao, Twi, Two-temperature; Fc-discharge.
The specific embodiment
To understand in order technical characterictic of the present invention, purpose and effect being had more clearly, to contrast the description of drawings specific embodiment of the present invention at present.
The present invention provides a kind of coil arrangement; Have first one and second one; Above-mentioned first one end and second one's end is connected to form v type structure; And above-mentioned first one and second portion are not divided into first district and second district, and it is many that the pipe row number in wherein above-mentioned first district is arranged number than the pipe in above-mentioned second district.Above-mentioned first one or second one more comprises the mesozone, and the pipe row number of above-mentioned mesozone is more than the pipe row number in above-mentioned second district.In embodiment of the present invention with ventilation type frozen water machine condenser coil structure as explanation; Those skilled in the art can know; This coil arrangement also can be used for other equivalent coil arrangement, and for example the evaporation coil structure is not limited to the illustrated condenser coil structure of this embodiment.
Extremely shown in Figure 10 like Fig. 2; Be the illustrative ventilation type frozen water of the present invention machine condenser coil structure; Condenser coil 10 is arranged to right part 10a and left part 10b (promptly first one and second one) with paired v type; And being provided with blower fan in the opening part of condenser coil 10, the similar opening part that just produces on the framework top at the left part 10b coil pipe of v type and right part 10a coil pipe place is provided with blower fan 1.
Shown in Figure 2 is basic status of the present invention, and it has the coil pipe 2 of portion and the coil pipe 3 of an oblique portion always, and they are different with the existing institute of known erect type coil pipe.
Be depicted as first preferred embodiment of the present invention like Fig. 3,4; Wherein right part 10a and left part 10b are according to apart from blower fan 1 distance coil pipe pipe row being divided into (equalization) trisection; But the present invention is respectively near region 11, middle district 12 and far field 13 (i.e. first district, mesozone and second district) not as limit.In the present embodiment, middle district 12 is 3 rows, Duo 1 row (becoming 4 rows) and be made as than the pipe row number in middle district 12 near the pipe row number of the near region 11 of the condenser coil 10 of blower fan 1, and the coil pipe of near region 11 than in distinguish 12 and be outwardly and stretch out (Fig. 3,4).In addition, the pipe row number from blower fan 1 far field 13 farthest is made as than middle district 12 pipe row numbers and lacks 1 row (being 2 rows), and the coil pipe in middle district 12 stretches out (Fig. 3,4) outwardly than far field 13.Those skilled in the art when know also can make near, in, row's number in far field increases by a row respectively or reduces by a row, just can be 4: 3: 2 or 3: 2: 1 or 5: 4: 3, but the present invention is not as limit.Find that through simulation the overall average wind speed of the relative basic status of present embodiment exceeds 14.17%, total heat biography amount increases by 8.27%.
Be depicted as the second preferred embodiment condenser coil 10 of the present invention like Fig. 5,6; Wherein right part 10a and left part 10b are according to apart from blower fan 1 distance coil pipe pipe row being divided into (equalization) trisection; But the present invention is respectively near region 11, middle district 12 and far field 13 (i.e. first district, mesozone and second district) not as limit.In the present embodiment; 12 in the middle district of mid portion is 3 rows; Let pipe row number near the near region 11 of the condenser coil 10 of blower fan 1 be made as and Duo 1 row (becoming 4 arranges) than the pipe row number in middle district 12; And the coil pipe that makes near region 11 than in district 12 be inwardly and stretch out (Fig. 5,6), the pipe row number from blower fan 1 far field 13 farthest is made as than middle district 12 pipe row numbers and lack 1 row (being 2 rows), distinguishes 12 coil pipe in making and stretches out (Fig. 5,6) inwardly than far field 13.Also can make near, in, row's number in far field increases by a row respectively or reduces by a row, just can be 4: 3: 2 or 3: 2: 1 or 5: 4: 3, but the present invention is not as limit.Find to exceed 17.56% with the overall average wind speed of basic status through simulation, total heat biography amount increases by 10.40%.
Be depicted as the present invention's the 3rd preferred embodiment like Fig. 7,8; Wherein condenser coil 10 is arranged to left part 10b and right part 10a with paired v type; Wherein the coil pipe of right part 10a and left part 10b (promptly first one and second one) also can be made as bisection, and row is divided into (equalization) two five equilibriums with the coil pipe pipe, is respectively to go up district 21 and inferior segment 22 (i.e. first district and second district); Making apart from the blower fan 1 nearer pipe row number of going up district 21 is that 4 rows (are the twice of inferior segment; But many at least rows get final product), be 2 rows from the pipe row number of blower fan inferior segment 22 far away, and left and right Liang Bushang district 21 is outstanding inwardly; But the present invention is not as limit, and left and right in other embodiments Liang Bushang district 21 is outstanding outwardly.When test result, find to compare basic status, wind speed is higher than 18.09%, and total heat biography amount increases by 10.27%.That is to say that the district and the pipe of inferior segment row number is at least 2 than number, like the ratio setting of 4: 2 or 2: 1.
Be depicted as the present invention's the 4th preferred embodiment like Fig. 9,10; Wherein condenser coil 10 is arranged to right part 10a and left part 10b (promptly first one and second one) with paired v type; And be to be provided with blower fan 1 in the opening of condenser coil 10, go up district 31 (34), middle district 32 (35) and inferior segment 33 (36) (i.e. first district, mesozone and second district) according to coil pipe pipe row being divided into (impartial three minutes) for left and right two ones apart from blower fan 1 distance; Pipe row number from blower fan 1 left part 10b inferior segment 33 far away is 2 rows; And district 32 is the standing shapes that are inside among the upward district 31 of left part 10b and the left part 10b; The pipe row number that leans on the nearer left part 10b of blower fan to go up district 32 among district 31, the left part 10b all is made as 2 times of left part 10b inferior segment 33; Apart from blower fan far among right part 10a inferior segment 36 and the right part 10a of the row's of pipe number 35 in district be made as 2 rows, the pipe row number that lets right part 10a go up district 34 is 2 times of district 35 among right part 10a inferior segment 36 or the right part 10a, and right part 10a to go up district 34 are the standing shapes that are inside.The nearer pipe row number of blower fan that leans on of Fig. 9, the left side shown in 10 half all is made as 4 rows (can also be 5 rows), and far manage row is several then is made as 2 and arranges apart from blower fan.In addition; The right side of Fig. 9 half; It is the mirror image diagram on a left side half; Condenser coil 10 is arranged to left part 10b and right part 10a with paired v type, and is provided with blower fan in the opening of condenser coil 10, and right, two ones on a left side is complied with apart from the blower fan distance coil pipe pipe row is divided into district 41 (44), middle district 42 (45) and inferior segment 43 (46) (i.e. first district, mesozone and second district); Pipe row number from blower fan 1 right part 10a inferior segment 43 far away is 2 rows; And district 42 is to be inwardly to stretch out among the upward district 41 of right part 10a and the right part 10a; The pipe row number that leans on blower fan 1 nearer right part 10a to go up district 42 among district 41, the right part 10a all is made as the twice of right part 10a inferior segment 43; 45 in district is made as 2 rows in the left part 10b inferior segment 46 of blower fan 1 pipe row far away number and the left part 10b, and the pipe row number that lets left part 10b go up district 44 is the twice of left part 10b inferior segment 46, and left part 10b to go up district 44 be to be inwardly to stretch out.Find that when test result the overall average wind speed is higher than 20.42% than basic status, total heat biography amount is higher than 10.28%.So the setting of pipe row's number except 4: 2 (2 times of patterns) 2: 1 or 6: 3 in addition more can have 5: 3 setting, so, ratio is defined as 1.67~2 times setting pattern in claim.And the heat that is reached passes the effect that increases and all is similar to, and all comes well than known structure.
System diagram for the present invention the 5th and six preferred embodiments shown in figure 11, the ventilation type frozen water machine 500 of the 5th and six preferred embodiments all has compressor 51, condenser 52, evaporimeter, throttling arrangement 53, and difference is in the evaporimeter pattern.
Following elder generation is that the experiment method of ventilation type frozen water machine is explained.Ventilation type frozen water machine uses refrigerant to be R-134a, and the sign refrigerating capacity is 15RT, and adopting complete close formula scroll compressor, fin-tube type condenser, shell-tube type freezing water apparatus, throttling arrangement is the outer all compression swelling valves of thermal type.Seven measurement points are set in the frozen water machine altogether,, supply gaging pressure P1-P7 and temperature T 1-T7, shown in figure 11.Respectively at condenser air intake vent and air outlet, supply to measure temperature T ai, Tao and humidity in air side.Respectively in frozen water inlet and outlet, supply to measure temperature T wi, Two and discharge Fc in the water side.
Experiment among the present invention can be divided into stage, and is as follows.This experiment is after ring control room environmental reaches test condition; Let unit run to stable state earlier; And the duration of runs must not be less than one hour, and the physical quantity that observation post measures all reaches stable status, at last with the physical quantity record of required measurement and store.Each 20 minutes values at interval once amount to 4 times, and average.
Phase I: condenser coil is fixed tube row (hereinafter to be referred as CV), and evaporimeter is for doing swollen formula (hereinafter to be referred as DX), and experimentizes according to above-mentioned test condition and method and to obtain data, and to define this unit be Unit1.
Second stage: condenser coil is for becoming pipe row (hereinafter to be referred as VV), and evaporimeter is for doing swollen formula, and experimentizes according to above-mentioned test condition and method and to obtain data, and to define this unit be Unit2.
Phase III: condenser coil is fixed tube row, and evaporimeter is full-liquid type (hereinafter to be referred as FL), and experimentizes according to above-mentioned test condition and method and to obtain data, and to define this unit be Unit3.
Stage: condenser coil is for becoming pipe row, and evaporimeter is a full-liquid type, and experimentizes according to above-mentioned test condition and method and to obtain data, and to define this unit be Unit4.
The data such as related pressure, temperature, humidity and discharge that after experiment, obtain, and, draw each unit test pressure-enthalpy chart like Figure 12 through after a succession of thermodynamic analysis relational expression calculating.By finding among the figure; The evaporimeter of the 5th preferred embodiment ventilation type frozen water machine is for doing swollen formula evaporimeter 54a; When condenser adopts the condenser coil 10 pipe row arrangement (that is becoming the pipe row arrangement) of the 4th preferred embodiment; The COP (Energy Efficiency Ratio) of ventilation type frozen water machine that than condenser coil is fixed tube row is taller, and more particularly COP is promoted to 2.90 by 2.72.
The evaporimeter of the 6th preferred embodiment ventilation type frozen water machine is flooded evaporator 54b; When condenser adopts the condenser coil 10 pipe row arrangement of the 4th preferred embodiment; The COP of ventilation type frozen water machine that than condenser coil is fixed tube row is taller, and more particularly COP will be promoted to 3.26 by 3.06.Yet those skilled in the art work as knowledge so long as condenser coil 10 freezing or first to fourth embodiment of air-conditioning system employing the present invention all can promote the COP value.
Structure in sum, the present invention is not increasing under cost and the energy resource consumption restriction, is two or three parts according to pipe row number with the coil pipe component; Increase or reduce the mode of pipe row number with segmentation; Design four kinds of coil arrangements, successfully solve the problem crux of traditional design coil pipe, promote ventilation type frozen water machine condenser system heat-sinking capability; Good COP can be able to draw a conclusion according to simulation and experimental verification, so can be provided.
More than explanation is just illustrative for the purpose of the present invention; And nonrestrictive, those of ordinary skills understand, under the situation of spirit that does not break away from claim and limited and scope; Can make many modifications, variation or equivalence, but all will fall within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. coil arrangement; Have one first one and one second one, this end of first one and this end of second one are connected forming v type structure, and this first one and this second portion are not divided into one first district and one second district; This first district is away from this end; Contiguous this end, this second district is characterized in that, the pipe row number in this first district is more than the pipe row number in this second district.
2. coil arrangement as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this first one more comprises a mesozone, and this mesozone is between this first district and this second district, and the pipe of this mesozone row number is more than the pipe row number in this second district.
3. coil arrangement as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this second one more comprises a mesozone, and this mesozone is between this first district and this second district, and the pipe of this mesozone row number is more than the pipe row number in this second district.
4. coil arrangement as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the pipe row number in this this first district of first one is identical with the pipe row number of this mesozone.
5. coil arrangement as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the pipe row number in this this first district of second one is identical with the pipe row number of this mesozone.
6. a condenser coil structure is characterized in that, this condenser coil is arranged to a left part and a right part with paired v type, and is provided with a blower fan in an opening of this condenser coil, and this left and right according to being divided into Yi Shang district, Yi Zhong district and an inferior segment apart from this blower fan distance; Wherein the pipe row number from this inferior segment of this blower fan this right part far away is at least one row, and this right part should go up district and this right part should in the pipe row number in district be the twice of this inferior segment of this right part.
7. condenser coil structure as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, this right part should go up district and this right part should in the district be to be outstanding inwardly, and this left part should to go up Qu Shicheng outstanding inwardly.
8. condenser coil structure as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, goes up the pipe of distinguishing with this left part that is somebody's turn to do middle district by being somebody's turn to do of this nearer left part of this blower fan and arranges the twice that number all is made as this inferior segment of this left part.
9. ventilation type frozen water machine; Comprise a compressor, a throttling arrangement, an evaporimeter and a condenser coil; It is characterized in that; This condenser coil is arranged to a left part and a right part with paired v type, and is to be provided with a blower fan in an opening of this condenser coil, and this left and right according to being divided into a near region, Yi Zhong district and a far field apart from this blower fan distance; Wherein the pipe row number from this far field of this blower fan this right part far away is at least one row, and this right part should go up district and this right part should in the pipe row number in district be the twice in this far field of this right part
10. ventilation type frozen water machine; Comprise a compressor, a throttling arrangement, an evaporimeter and a condenser coil; It is characterized in that this condenser coil is arranged to a left part and a right part with paired v type, and be to be provided with a blower fan in an opening of this condenser coil; This left and right according to will being divided into Yi Shang district and an inferior segment apart from this blower fan distance, and this inferior segment pipe row number lacked one at least and arranges than should upward distinguishing.
CN2010102517122A 2010-08-12 2010-08-12 Coiled pipe structure, condensing coiled pipe structure and air-cooled type industrial chiller Pending CN102374813A (en)

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CN2010102517122A CN102374813A (en) 2010-08-12 2010-08-12 Coiled pipe structure, condensing coiled pipe structure and air-cooled type industrial chiller

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102384673A (en) * 2011-06-30 2012-03-21 三花丹佛斯(杭州)微通道换热器有限公司 Heat exchanger
CN104729061A (en) * 2015-03-30 2015-06-24 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 Heat exchange system and air conditioner

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08338670A (en) * 1995-06-12 1996-12-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Heat transfer tube for heat exchanger
US5613554A (en) * 1995-06-23 1997-03-25 Heatcraft Inc. A-coil heat exchanger
CN1690581A (en) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-02 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 Air-conditioner indoor set
CN101191678A (en) * 2006-11-29 2008-06-04 王文阁 Energy-saving environment-friendly central air-conditioning arrangement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08338670A (en) * 1995-06-12 1996-12-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Heat transfer tube for heat exchanger
US5613554A (en) * 1995-06-23 1997-03-25 Heatcraft Inc. A-coil heat exchanger
CN1690581A (en) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-02 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 Air-conditioner indoor set
CN101191678A (en) * 2006-11-29 2008-06-04 王文阁 Energy-saving environment-friendly central air-conditioning arrangement

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102384673A (en) * 2011-06-30 2012-03-21 三花丹佛斯(杭州)微通道换热器有限公司 Heat exchanger
CN104729061A (en) * 2015-03-30 2015-06-24 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 Heat exchange system and air conditioner

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Application publication date: 20120314