CN1023747C

CN1023747C - Dynamic frequency-changing and current transforming method and apparatus thereof

Info

Publication number: CN1023747C
Application number: CN 92112728
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王东奎; 王登峰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1992-11-09
Filing date: 1992-11-09
Publication date: 1994-02-09
Anticipated expiration: 2007-11-09
Also published as: CN1070520A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and a device for dynamical frequency conversion and current conversion. In the method, a direct current power supply can be respectively converted into square waves, pulsating direct currents, an alternate current power supply and a direct current power supply of chopped waves by a commutator bush, a rotary commutator, a rotary collecting ring, a collecting ring and a specific transformer, and the frequency of an alternate current output power supply can be changed by regulating the rotary speed of the commutator. The device for dynamic frequency conversion and current conversion has the advantages of self-commutation and external commutation of inverters, and the device can respectively output multi-phase alternate currents with different phases of two phases, three phases, four phases, etc. by adding the number of commutators, commutator brushes, collecting rings, electric brushes and transformers.

Description

Dynamic frequency-changing and current transforming method and apparatus thereof

The present invention relates to a kind of method and device thereof of dynamic frequency-changing and current transforming, particularly relates to a kind ofly with commutator direct current being become the device that interchange maybe becomes interchange the method for direct current and realizes this method.

A large amount of at present convertor assemblys that use are to adopt semiconductor device such as thyristor or controllable silicon to constitute.Though this convertor assembly can satisfy the requirement of the frequency-changing and current transforming of most of complexity, but in general, when technical indicator complicated more, the convertor assembly that capacity requirement is high more and stability requirement is harsh more, it is for main element, i.e. the specification requirement of thyristor is correspondingly just high more.In addition, the ac equipment that adopts big ccontaining thyristor device to constitute also becomes and becomes increasingly complex, and cost goes up in succession.

Disclose a kind of dynamic convertor assembly in U.S. Pat 2493354, it is to carry out the change of current with the contact of rotating.Clearly this convertor assembly is very complicated, so because to work together also be insecure rotating in the contact.

The objective of the invention is to try hard to fundamentally overcome deficiency of the prior art, and the method that provides a kind of commutator that utilizes rotation to come frequency-changing and current transforming also provides a kind of frequency-changing and current transforming device that produces according to this method simultaneously.

Above-mentioned goal of the invention is to solve by following method, and this method is by commutator brush, and commutator, collector ring, collector ring brush, main members such as transformer and prime mover carry out the change of current, and its concrete steps are:

The first step: the brush by commutator inputs to the commutator of rotation to DC power supply one end, by the commutator segment that rotates direct current is stably converted to the square wave direct current;

Second step: the square wave direct current of commutator segment output input to be connected respectively with commutator segment and with the collector ring of commutator coaxial rotation, the collector ring of rotation inputs to the collector ring brush corresponding with collector ring with the square wave direct current;

The 3rd step: the sense of current and current potential or the energising moment and the time that change two groups of elementary windings of input transformer by two groups of collector ring brushs respectively;

The 4th step: produce equal and opposite in direction, pulsating dc voltage that direction is opposite respectively by two groups of elementary winding two ends of transformer;

The 5th step: produce alternating voltage at the two ends of secondary winding by the transformer magnetic coupling.

The frequency of the alternating current of the frequency of rectangular wave of commutator segment output and the output of transformer secondary output winding is to change by the rotating speed of adjusting commutator.The arc length of the commutator segment by changing commutator, change the arc length of insulator between the commutator segment, by increasing or reduce the commutator segment of commutator, and the number of corresponding with it every group of collector ring and brush, increase or reduce the number of taps of two groups of elementary windings of transformer, increase or reduce other annexes simultaneously, the direct voltage of any square wave superposition be can produce at the output of two groups of collector ring brushs of transformer respectively, can on two groups of elementary windings of transformer, single order, second order, three rank be produced respectively ... the superposition ripple of square wave.The capacitor of a constant volume in parallel respectively at the two ends of two groups of elementary windings of transformer can produce level and smooth pulsating dc voltage respectively at the two ends of two groups of elementary windings of transformer, produces level and smooth alternating current at the Secondary winding of transformer two ends.

Under the certain condition of commutator rotating speed, increase the group number of commutator commutator segment, the frequency of the alternating current of exporting at the two ends of Secondary winding of transformer is along with improve.

The reversal point that then is commutator when rectification overlaps with the mid point of the pole shoe of synchronous machine, with dragging after commutator shaft rotates with the synchronous motor of AC power, import its AC power at the two ends of Secondary winding of transformer, on the brush of the common port of the elementary winding of transformer and commutator, produce the direct voltage of pulsation, the output by adjust changing collector ring brush and the connection of the input of primary winding, the direct voltage of generation copped wave on the brush of the common port of two groups of elementary windings of transformer and commutator.

To organize commutator and collector ring corresponding with it is placed on the same axis more, commutator brush feeds same DC power supply respectively, by changing the reversal point of each commutator, can produce the many phase alternating current of random phase difference at the output of the transformer of their combinations.

Purpose of the present invention also is achieved by following a kind of dynamic frequency-changing and current transforming device.This dynamic frequency-changing and current transforming device comprises: DC power supply, prime mover, commutator brush, commutator, first group and second group collector ring, first group and second group collector ring brush, square wave DC load, primary winding L ₁And L ₂, pulsating direct current load, transformer secondary output winding L ₃, and AC load.Wherein DC power supply utmost point links to each other with the input of commutator brush, the output of commutator brush links to each other with the input of commutator, the 2n(n of commutator 〉=1) natural number) the group output links to each other with the input of first group collector ring with second group collector ring respectively, a prime mover drives commutator simultaneously, first group collector ring and second group collector ring rotate, the output of first group collector ring links to each other with the input of corresponding first group collector ring brush, the output of first group collector ring brush respectively with the primary winding L ₁Input link to each other, the output of second group collector ring links to each other with the input of corresponding second group collector ring brush, the output of second group collector ring brush respectively with the primary winding L ₂Input link to each other elementary winding L ₁And L ₂Output respectively connect to be linked together behind the diode and extremely link to each other the primary winding L with another of DC power supply ₁And L ₂Respectively by magnetic coupling and transformer secondary output winding L ₃Link, the output of first group collector ring brush and second group collector ring brush can be distinguished and directly exports the square wave DC power supply, supplies with the square wave DC load, the primary winding L ₁And L ₂Two ends direct output ripple DC power supply respectively, to supply with pulsating direct current load, transformer secondary output winding L ₃The alternating voltage of two ends output supply load.Above-mentioned commutator is made up of the even number set commutator segment.

Frequency-changing and current transforming device of the present invention has many advantages of self commutated inverter and externally commutated inverter, it can obtain the many phase alternating current of random phase difference, the Rectified alternating current of any order ripple superposition, square wave direct current, the alternating current of optional frequency and the alternating current of random waveform of wavelength arbitrarily.

By the form of embodiment the present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with description of drawings.

Fig. 1 is according to the circuit block diagram of the A phase current transformer of dynamic frequency-changing and current transforming device of the present invention (B equates that with C phase, D heterogeneous structure is mutually identical with A mutually);

Fig. 2 is according to a concrete circuit diagram in the frequency-changing and current transforming device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the stereogram according to a kind of commutator in the frequency-changing and current transforming device of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the top view of commutator shown in Figure 3;

Fig. 5 is the stereogram of the another kind of commutator in the frequency-changing and current transforming device according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the longitudinal section view of commutator shown in Figure 5;

Fig. 7 is the sectional view of a kind of collector ring of being used with commutator;

Fig. 8 is the sectional view of the another kind of collector ring that is used with commutator;

Fig. 9 is the oscillogram of the exportable five kinds of voltage waveforms of frequency-changing and current transforming device of the present invention;

At the circuit block diagram of dynamic frequency-conversion convertor assembly shown in Figure 1 only is that A to multiphase converter device is described mutually, and the circuit structure of other each phases is mutually identical with A, just commutation constantly than A mutually respectively evening (2 π)/(x) (x＞1).For the purpose of simply clear, A is described mutually at this.

In dynamic frequency-conversion convertor assembly shown in Figure 1, comprised DC power supply 1, commutator brush 2, commutator 3, first group and second

group collector ring

4 and 5, first group and second group

collector ring brush

6 and 7, primary winding L ₁8 and L ₂9(has the diode numbering), the transformer secondary output winding L ₃10, square wave load 11, pulsating direct current load 12, AC load 13 and prime mover 14.Wherein first group collector ring brush 6 and second group collector ring brush 7 can be distinguished when needed and directly export the square wave power supply to supply with square wave load 11, primary winding L ₁8 and L ₂9 can distinguish direct output ripple DC power supply when needed to supply with pulsating direct current load 12.

The commutator segment of above-mentioned commutator (3) is to arrange on a centrifugal disc, is mutually insulated between the commutator segment, and in addition, the commutator segment of commutator (3) also can be arranged on a cylindrical circumferential surface.The arc length of insulator and the arc length of commutator brush between the arc length of the commutator segment on these two kinds of commutators and the commutator segment can design by waveform requirements of the square wave of commutator segment output.The primary winding is by the centre cap of winding being disconnected, being divided into the elementary winding L of two symmetries ₁8 and L ₂9, winding L ₁8 and L ₂9 reactance equates, and in winding L ₁8 and L ₂The tap of symmetry also equates for the reactance of common port on 9.To organize commutator and collector ring corresponding with it is arranged on the same axis more, change commutator reversal point each other, on each commutator brush, feed same DC power supply, promptly can produce the many phase alternating current of random phase difference at the output of the transformer that makes up.

Fig. 2 also is a kind of frequency-changing and current transforming device of the present invention, is the physical circuit figure of wherein A phase, and U is a DC power supply in the drawings, the 2nd, and the brush of commutator, the 15th, the expanded view of commutator segment on the commutator, A on expanded view ₁To A ₂₄Be main commutator segment, K ₁To K ₄Be transition commutator segment, wherein A ₁To A ₁₂Be positive half cycle master commutator segment, A ₁₃To A ₂₄It is negative half period master commutator segment.K ₁And K ₃Be negative half period transition commutator segment, and K ₂And K ₄Be positive half cycle transition commutator segment, insulate between the commutator segment.Commutator segment A ₁To A ₂₄And K ₁To K ₄Respectively with corresponding collector ring B ₁To B ₁₂And K ₁' to K ₄' connection, wherein commutator segment A ₁And A ₁₂With collector ring B ₁Connect commutator segment A ₂And A ₁₁With collector ring B ₂Connect commutator segment A ₃And A ₁₀With collector ring B ₃Connect commutator segment A ₄And A ₉With collector ring B ₄Connect commutator segment A ₅And A ₈With collector ring B ₅Connect commutator segment A ₆And A ₇With collector ring B ₆Connect.Negative half period master commutator segment A ₁₃To A ₂₄With collector ring B ₇To B ₁₂Connection identical with above-mentioned rule, therefore no longer describe.Collector ring B ₁To B ₁₂And K ₁' to K ₄' respectively with separately collector ring brush F ₁To F ₁₂And F _K1To F _K4Connect.B wherein ₁And B ₇It is special collector ring.The positive half cycle collector ring brush of first group F ₁To F ₆Respectively with corresponding primary winding L ₁Tap E ₁To E ₆Connect, and second group negative half period collector ring brush F ₇To F ₁₂Respectively with corresponding primary winding L ₂Tap E ₇To E ₁₂Connect.Collector ring brush F _K1By being connected in series one by resistance R ₁And capacitor C ₅Branch road that composes in parallel and collector ring brush F ₇Connect collector ring brush F _K2By being connected in series one by resistance R ₂And capacitor C ₆Branch road that composes in parallel and collector ring brush F ₁Link to each other collector ring brush F _K3By being connected in series one by resistance R ₃And capacitor C ₇The branch road that composes in parallel also with collector ring brush F ₇Connect, and collector ring brush F _K4By being connected in series one by resistance R ₄And capacitor C ₈The branch road that composes in parallel also with collector ring brush F ₁Connect.In the primary winding L ₁And L ₂Two end parts joints on E ₁And between the B and E ₇And between the A respectively and meet capacitor C ₁And C ₂In the primary winding L ₁The B termination diode D is arranged ₁Negative electrode, at L ₂The A termination diode D is arranged ₂Negative electrode, diode D ₁And D ₂Anode link to each other and link to each other with the anode of DC power supply U.In the transformer secondary output winding L ₃Output on be parallel with a capacitor C ₃

To above-mentioned transformer L is special transformer, arranges L in the coiling ₁And L ₂Between insulation, its intensity must reach 2U(U and be meant L ₁Input direct voltage) do not puncture, in order to alleviate dielectric strength, winding L often ₂With fine rule clockwise direction thick line around, and winding L ₁Then with thick line clockwise direction fine rule around.But after the arc length of commutator segment changes, the primary winding L ₁And L ₂Data and winding method also change.And winding L ₃Direction of winding unrestricted, wire turn and line footpath is selected on demand.

At Fig. 3 and a kind of commutator shown in Figure 4, comprised a commutator shaft 16 on this commutator, metal pedestal 17, dead ring 18, the commutator segment (A of commutator ₁-A ₂₄) 19, insulator 20 between commutator, transition commutator segment (K ₁-K ₄) 21, special insulation body 22, reversal point insulator 23.From Fig. 3, can know the commutator segment A that finds out this commutator ₁-A ₂₄And K ₁-K ₄Be on the plane of a centrifugal disc, to arrange.

In Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, illustrated according to another kind of commutator of the present invention, the commutator segment of this commutator is to arrange on a cylindrical circumferential surface, it is similar to conventional commutator, and just the arc length of the commutator segment on the commutator and the arc length and the conventional commutator of the insulator between the commutator segment have some differences.The composition structure of this commutator and the composition structure of Fig. 3 and commutator shown in Figure 4 are duplicate, therefore here no longer describe in detail.

Shown in Figure 7 is a kind of special collector ring that is used with commutator, and this collector ring comprises commutator shaft 16, collector ring metal pedestal 24, insulator 25, collector ring conductor 26, special insulation body 27.

Fig. 8 is the another kind of special collector ring that is used with commutator, the part of this collector ring and collector ring shown in Figure 7 are duplicate, unique different be that collector ring shown in Figure 8 differs 180 degree with its special insulation body of installation site of collector ring shown in Figure 7 when mounted.

Use Fig. 7 and special collector ring shown in Figure 8, make collector ring brush, reduce the discharging gap of commutator brush symmetry, reduce grade of spark, protected commutator segment to sheet to collector ring time-delay energising.In addition, illustrate a bit that in passing the output on the commutator and input of collector ring all do not draw in its structure chart, their are identical with output and input on conventional commutator and the collector ring substantially.

Fig. 9 is the oscillogram of five kinds of voltage waveforms of frequency-changing and current transforming device output of the present invention.Fig. 9 A is the square-wave voltage figure of the commutator segment output of commutator.During the arc length of insulator, this square wave is interrupted between the arc length of brush on commutator of commutator is less than main commutator segment.When the arc length of the commutator segment on the commutator changed, also along with changing, other each figure's square-wave voltage figure of commutator segment output also changed, and for the purpose of concise explanation, do not give unnecessary details at this.Fig. 9 B is two groups of elementary winding L of transformer ₁And L ₂The pulsating dc voltage oscillogram of two ends output.Fig. 9 C is Secondary winding of transformer L ₃The alternating voltage waveform figure of two ends output.Fig. 9 D is the commutating voltage oscillogram of exporting between the common port of elementary winding of transformer and the commutator brush.Fig. 9 E changes the output of collector ring brush and the elementary winding L of transformer by adjustment ₁And L ₂The connection of input after, in the elementary winding L of transformer ₁And L ₂Common port and commutator brush on the DC chopped-wave voltage pattern exported.

These voltage oscillograms are arc length of commutator brush insulator between the arc length on the commutator is greater than main commutator segment, and less than transition commutator segment K ₁And K ₂Between the arc length of insulator the time oscillogram that obtains.

Only be to have described an enforcement group of the present invention above; the method according to this invention; can carry out modification to dynamic frequency-changing and current transforming device, various modification all belong within protection scope of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention will be limited by appended claim.

Claims

1, a kind of method of dynamic frequency-changing and current transforming, this method is by commutator brush, and commutator, collector ring, collector ring brush, transformer and prime mover carry out the change of current, and the feature of this method is:

The first step: the brush by commutator inputs to the commutator of rotation to DC power supply one end, by the commutator segment that rotates direct current is converted to the square wave direct current;

The 4th step: two groups of elementary winding two ends by transformer produce pulsating dc voltage respectively;

2, the method for the described frequency-changing and current transforming of claim 1 is characterized in that: the frequency of the alternating current of the frequency of rectangular wave of commutator segment output and the output of transformer secondary output winding is to change by the rotating speed of adjusting commutator.

3, the method of frequency-changing and current transforming according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the arc length of the commutator segment by changing commutator, change the arc length of insulator between the commutator segment, by increasing or reduce every group of commutator segment number on the commutator, and the number of corresponding with it every group of collector ring and brush, can produce the direct voltage of any square wave superposition at the output of two groups of collector ring brushs respectively, increase or reduce the number of taps of two groups of elementary windings of transformer, can on two groups of elementary windings of transformer, produce single order respectively, second order, the superposition ripple of multistage square waves such as three rank, the capacitor of a constant volume in parallel respectively at the two ends of two groups of elementary windings of transformer, can produce pulsating dc voltage respectively at the two ends of two groups of elementary windings of transformer, produce alternating voltage at the Secondary winding of transformer two ends.

4, according to the method for claim 1 or 3 described frequency-changing and current transformings, it is characterized in that: under the certain condition of commutator rotating speed, and the group number of increase commutator commutator segment, the frequency of the alternating current of exporting at the two ends of Secondary winding of transformer is along with improve.

5, according to the method for claim 1 or 3 described frequency-changing and current transformings, it is characterized in that: then be to use with the synchronous motor of AC power to come the traction commutator shaft to rotate during rectification, the reversal point of commutator overlaps with the mid point of the pole shoe of synchronous machine, at Secondary winding of transformer two ends input ac power, on the brush of the common port of two groups of elementary windings of transformer and commutator, produce the direct voltage of pulsation.

6, the method for frequency-changing and current transforming according to claim 5, the connection that it is characterized in that output and the input of primary winding by adjust changing collector ring brush, the direct voltage of generation copped wave on the brush of the common port of two groups of elementary windings of transformer and commutator.

7, according to the method for claim 1 or 3 described frequency-changing and current transformings, it is characterized in that: will organize commutator and collector ring corresponding with it is placed on the same axis more, change the reversal point of each commutator, can produce the many phase alternating current of random phase difference at the output of its combined transformer.

8, a kind of dynamic frequency-changing and current transforming device, it comprises: DC power supply (1), prime mover (14), commutator brush (2), commutator (3), first group collector ring (4), second group collector ring (5), first group collector ring brush (6), second group collector ring brush (7), primary winding L ₁(8), primary winding L ₂(9), transformer secondary output winding L ₃(10), square wave DC load (11), pulsating direct current load (12) and AC load (13), it is characterized in that: a utmost point of DC power supply (1) links to each other with the input of commutator brush (2), the output of commutator brush (2) links to each other with the input of commutator (3), 2n group (n 〉=1) output of commutator (3) links to each other with the input of first group collector ring (4) with second group collector ring (5) respectively, prime mover (14) drives commutator (3) simultaneously, first group collector ring (4) and second group collector ring (5) rotate, the output of first group collector ring (4) links to each other with the input of first group collector ring brush (6), the output of first group collector ring brush (6) respectively with the primary winding L ₁(8) input links to each other, and the output of second group collector ring (5) links to each other with the input of second group collector ring brush (7), the output of second group collector ring brush (7) respectively with the primary winding L ₂(9) input links to each other, the primary winding L ₁(8) and L ₂(9) behind the output difference series diode, the common port that links up connects with another utmost point of DC power supply.Winding L ₁And L ₂Respectively by magnetic coupling and transformer secondary output winding L ₃(10) link.Wherein, the output of first group collector ring brush (6) and second group collector ring brush (7) can be distinguished and directly export the square wave DC power supply when needed, supplies with square wave load (11), and the primary winding L ₁(8) and L ₂(9) two ends can be distinguished direct output ripple DC power supply when needed, to supply with pulsating direct current load (12), transformer secondary output winding L ₃(10) output supply load (13) alternating voltage.

9, the device of frequency-changing and current transforming according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the commutator segment of described commutator (3) is to arrange on the plane of a centrifugal disc, mutually insulated between the commutator segment.

10, the device of frequency-changing and current transforming according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the commutator segment of described commutator (3) is arranged on a cylindrical circumferential surface, mutually insulated between the commutator segment.

11, the device of frequency-changing and current transforming according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the primary winding is the centre cap by a disconnection, elementary winding is divided into the elementary winding L of two symmetries: (8) and L ₂(9) respectively connect behind the diode in the two ends of Duan Kaiing, another utmost point of the public termination DC power supply that is linked together, winding L ₁(8) and L ₂(9) reactance equates, and in winding L ₁(8) and L ₂(9) tap of last symmetry also equates for the reactance of common port.

12, frequency-changing and current transforming device according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: will organize commutator and collector ring corresponding with it is arranged on the same axis more, change commutator reversal point each other, promptly can produce the many phase alternating current of random phase difference at the output of the transformer that makes up.

13, the device of frequency-changing and current transforming according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: in the first group collector ring He in the second group collector ring a special collector ring is arranged respectively, special collector ring time-delay is to the energising of transition commutator segment, and time-delay (2 π)/(γ) (360＞Y＞180) switch on to the transition commutator segment.