CN102373076B - Updated heavy oil desalting and dewatering device - Google Patents

Updated heavy oil desalting and dewatering device Download PDF

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CN102373076B
CN102373076B CN201010264495.0A CN201010264495A CN102373076B CN 102373076 B CN102373076 B CN 102373076B CN 201010264495 A CN201010264495 A CN 201010264495A CN 102373076 B CN102373076 B CN 102373076B
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electric field
electrode
desalting
oil
box
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CN102373076A (en
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沈本贤
凌昊
李泓
孙云
蒋长胜
张大海
朱恩荣
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JIANGSU JINMEN ENERGY EQUIPMENT CO., LTD.
East China University of Science and Technology
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ZHENJIANG JINMEN INDUSTRY Co Ltd
East China University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses an updated heavy oil desalting and dewatering device. The device is composed of an electrical desalting tank, a transformer and a high-voltage electronic joint device, an oil inlet main pipe, oil inlet branched pipes and flow regulating valves, wherein an upper electric field in the electrical desalting tank consists of at least one electric field unit and adopts the multiple electric field distribution technology of single power supply, each electric field unit consists of a drip tray, a live electrode, a grounding electrode, an oil inlet nozzle, a backwashing device and a down pipe; and a fast dewatering and draining device consists of a V-shaped drip tray, a backwashing device and a down pipe, a backwashing nozzle and the bottom surface of the drip tray forms an inclination, the top of the down pipe is connected with the bottom of the drip tray, and the other end is inserted in the water layer of the electrical desalting tank. The field intensity of the upper electric field of the device is optimized, fast dewatering and draining can be ensured, the desalting efficiency is increased; and the updated heavy oil desalting and dewatering device is suitable for the deep desalting and dewatering treatment of crude oil, particularly heavy crude oil, fuel oil and other heavy oil products.

Description

A kind of mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of renewal
Technical field
The present invention relates to mink cell focus pre-processing device, particularly a kind of for the advanced desalination of heavy crude, oil fuel and other heavy oil products, the equipment of processed, can be widely used in the mink cell focus pre-treatment of petrochemical complex, oil refining, the dynamo-electric Chang Deng of combustion enterprise.
Background technology
Along with the continuous intensification of Oil extraction degree all over the world, crude oil in poor quality and heaviness trend are more remarkable.According to the USGS of United States Geological Survey, be reported in virgin oil resource, mink cell focus (API≤20 °) and extra heavy oil (API≤10 °) resource are the twice of light crude resource.In 2000 to 2009 all kinds of crude production rates in the world, heavy oil output and treatment capacity surpass 13%.Along with the increase day by day of heavy oil ratio, the value of the exploitation of heavy oil highlights, and heavy oil is processed and the technological development of the aspect such as deep processing is the important ring in device maximization, Integrated Refinery And Petrochemical and the intensivization development strategy of oil refining industry.
Before crude refining, first need to carry out electric desalting, good desalting effect can reduce equipment corrosion and fouling, extending catalyst life-span, energy efficient and minimizing maintenance cost.Traditional interchange, alternating and direct current desalting technology and equipment are applicable to processing light crude, in processing heavy crude process, exist that desalting effect is poor, equipment volume and investment is large, floor space is many, draining oil-containing many and the shortcoming such as contaminate environment, the heavy oil electric desalting implementation Process of maximization is difficult.Along with the increase of crude runs, manufacturer generally increases crude charging capacity by the volume of increasing device.But because electric desalting equipment is bulky, the volume that increases equipment not only increases cost of investment greatly, and will occupy larger space.When manufacturing enterprise just builds, often do not leave the leeway of enough increasing device sizes, capacity expansion revamping cannot be carried out.If want strange land to carry out capacity expansion revamping, to user, bring very large difficulty.For this reason, some enterprises have successively developed high-speed electric desalting equipment.High-speed electric desalting equipment has been realized with less electrical desalter, reached the target of larger treatment capacity, but because high-speed electric desalting equipment exists structural defect, can only process light crude, process the slightly de-rear saliferous of heavy crude oil and just do not reach the technical indicator of requirement, more can not process heavy crude, some devices even cannot power transmission desalination.In recent years, U.S. Howe-Baker Engineers Ltd. has developed heavy oil electric desalting equipment can to process relative density has been 0.9861g/cm 3mink cell focus, but must add thinner, do not solve the direct desalination problem of mink cell focus at all.Market in the urgent need to promoting a new generation, process research and development and the application of the electrodesalting and electrodehydrating technology and equipment of heavy oil, the research and development of the heavy oil electrical desalting and dehydration equipment particularly maximizing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of renewal, to realize the quick electrical desalting and dehydration equipment of crude oil and heavy oil.
For realizing the mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of the renewal of described object, be characterized in, in described electrical desalter, top electric field is positioned at the top of electrical desalter, top electric field is comprised of at least one electric field unit, electric field unit, top is semi closed electrode, each electric field unit, top comprises water pond, the box-like electrode of charged horizontal group, the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group, back-purge system and downcomer, the box-like electrode of charged horizontal group and the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group are installed in water pond, back-purge system comprises back flushing nozzle, back flushing nozzle becomes an inclination angle with water pond bottom surface, the top of downcomer is connected with the bottom of water pond, the other end inserts the water layer of electrical desalter.
The mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of described renewal, its further feature is, top electric field comprises a plurality of electric fields unit, parallel with bottom electric field, electrical desalter horizontal axis after the electric field cellular installation of top electric field, between electric field unit, top and electrical desalter inwall, have certain spacing, electric field unit, top also has certain spacing between any two.
The mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of described renewal, its further feature is, water pond top is a rectangle or foursquare disk-shaped structure, bottom is V-arrangement or for V word lower cut-out shape or for pan bottom shape, the box-like electrode of charged horizontal group is equal with water pond end face, or lower than water pond end face, the box-like electrode of charged horizontal group and the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group, parallel with electrical desalter horizontal axis with bottom electric field after installing, the box-like electrode of charged horizontal group is connected with high voltage electric introducing equipment and is charged, the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group is connected and ground connection with water pond.
The mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of described renewal, its further feature is that oil-feed shower nozzle is arranged on center upper portion or the lower central of the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group, and parallel with the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group, is connected with oil inlet pipe.
The mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of described renewal, its further feature is, back-purge system is comprised of some backwash tubes and several back flushing nozzles, back flushing nozzle is vertical with backwash tube, back flushing nozzle is uniform to be welded on backwash tube, distance between back flushing nozzle, the width of the water radian being sprayed by back flushing nozzle determines, guarantee to leak on the base plate of water pond when back flushing punching and dead angle, some backwash tubes are all connected with back flushing water inlet pipe, parallel and have certain gap after installing with the base plate of water pond.
The mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of described renewal, its further feature is, downcomer top is connected with the bottom of water pond, and and the bottom of water pond perpendicular, the diameter of downcomer and radical are by maximum back flushing water yield calculative determination.
The mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of described renewal, its further feature is that the described box-like electrode of charged horizontal group and the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group, be the grid-like electrode that metallic substance is made.
The mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of described renewal, its further feature is that bottom electric field is Combined water flat electrodes, or is built-up type vertical electrode.
The mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of described renewal, its further feature is, the box-like electrode of charged horizontal group is electrically connected to the electro-desalting transformer that is arranged on electrical desalter top by high voltage electric introducing equipment, top electric field and bottom electric field are communicated with by oil-feed arm the oil-feed house steward who is arranged on electrical desalter below respectively, on each oil-feed arm, flow control valve are installed.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) top electric field adopts many electric field distribution technology of single power supply reasonably to configure the electric field unit of top electric field, to reach rational electric field distribution, make to enter the macrobead water droplet that the efficient coalescence fast of small saliferous water droplet in electric field crude oil becomes to be easy to sedimentation, under the effect of electric field, rapid subsidence is to the bottom of electric field.
(2) water droplets coalescence of top electric field is deposited to the bottom of water pond, by downcomer, imports electrical desalter bottom water layer.Take their own roads with the absolute oil of bottom electric field floating, the absolute oil of original high-speed electric desalting technology bottom electric field floating and the coalescent sedimentation water droplet of top electric field adverse current, back-mixing have been solved, thereby make oily stream carry saliferous water droplet and enter absolute oil layer, the problem that de-rear crude oil water containing saliferous is exceeded standard.
(3) space is arranged at the bottom of water pond, can deposit the silt and the mechanical impurity that in crude oil, precipitate, so do not need continually the bottom of water pond to be rinsed.Because the bottom of water pond is swash plate shape or pan bottom shape, the silt of precipitation and mechanical impurity, can be automatically by the bottom of being discharged to electrical desalter tank at downcomer.Silt and the mechanical impurity automatically do not got rid of, also can rush silt and mechanical impurity during back flushing with comparalive ease, and at the bottom of being discharged to electrical desalter tank through downcomer, the silt of deposition is easily rinsed well.When back flushing is carried out, can there is not disturbance to top electric field.
(4) top electric field strength is stable, can not affect treatment effect because of sediment deposition or back flushing.Guaranteed that top electric field energy long period normally moves, the crude quality after processing is relatively stable, and the crude oil after guaranteeing to process can reach the technical indicator of regulation.
(5) oil-feed of double-oil-feeding double-electric-field electric desalting its upper side electric field, is highfield oil-feed, and the water droplet moment in crude oil is agglomerated into large water droplet and sedimentation.Crude oil after processing rises and drops of water fall down, without adverse current phenomenon, does not interfere with each other, and has greatly improved dehydrating of crude oil efficiency.In addition, highfield has the effect of strengthening breakdown of emulsion, and it is can moment coalescent that crude oil enters after highfield water droplet.
(6) suitability is wide.Both light crude can be processed, also heavy crude can be processed.The in the situation that saliferous being not more than 100mg/L before crude Treatment, by the processing of two stage desalting dehydration equipment, just reaching de-rear salt content in crud oil and be not more than this index of 3mg/L.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1-a, 1-b are the structural representation of the mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of renewal, and bottom electric field is Combined water flat electrodes, and water pond bottom is V-arrangement, and wherein Fig. 1-a is front view, and Fig. 1-b is right side view.
Fig. 2-a, 2-b are the structural representation of the mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of renewal, and bottom electric field is Combined water flat electrodes.Water pond bottom is V word lower cut-out shape, and wherein Fig. 2-a is front view, and Fig. 2-b is right side view.
Fig. 3-a, 3-b are the structural representation of the mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of renewal, and bottom electric field is built-up type vertical electrode, and water pond bottom is pan bottom shape, and wherein Fig. 3-a is front view, and Fig. 3-b is right side view.
Fig. 4-a, 4-b is the structural representation of the mink cell focus desalting and dewatering its upper side electric field back-purge system of renewal, and wherein Fig. 4-a is front view, and Fig. 4-b is vertical view.
Embodiment
At accompanying drawing 1-a, 1-b, accompanying drawing 2-a, 2-b, in accompanying drawing 3-a, 3-b, for the ease of observing, electrical desalter 1 is depicted as transparent.
With reference to Fig. 1-a, Fig. 1-b, and simultaneously with reference to Fig. 4-a, 4-b, desalting and dewatering equipment comprises electrical desalter 1, is arranged on the electro-desalting transformer 2 of electrical desalter 1 top, high voltage electric is introduced equipment 3, oil-feed house steward 15, oil- feed arm 16 and 17, flow control valve 18.In electrical desalter 1, bottom electric field 4 is installed.Bottom electric field 4 is Combined water flat electrodes (referring to accompanying drawing 1-a, 1-b), can be also built-up type vertical electrode (referring to accompanying drawing 3-a, 3-b).In described electrical desalter 1, top electric field 5 is installed above bottom electric field 4.Top electric field 5 is comprised of several (at least one is three in embodiment as shown in the figure) electric field unit, top 6, and electric field unit, top 6 is semi closed electrode.After electric field unit, top 6 is installed, its space bearing of trend is parallel with electrical desalter 1 axis with the space bearing of trend of bottom electric field 4.Between electric field unit 6, top and electrical desalter 1 inwall, have certain spacing, electric field unit, top 6 also has certain spacing between any two.The rear total length (comprising electric field unit, top 6 spacing between any two) being added is installed in electric field unit, all top 6, equals the tangential length (electrical desalter 1 removes two end socket length) of electrical desalter 1.
Electric field unit 6, top is comprised of water pond 7, the box-like electrode 8 of charged horizontal group, the box-like electrode 9 of ground connection horizontal group, oil-feed shower nozzle 10, back-purge system 11 and downcomer 19.Water pond 7 tops are a rectangle or foursquare disk-shaped structure, and bottom is V-arrangement (referring to accompanying drawing 1-a, 1-b), or are V word lower cut-out shape (referring to accompanying drawing 2-a, 2-b), or are pan bottom shape (referring to accompanying drawing 3-a, 3-b).The box-like electrode 8 of charged horizontal group is arranged in water pond 7, equal with water pond 7 end faces, or lower than water pond 7 end faces.The box-like electrode 9 of ground connection horizontal group is arranged in water pond 7, below the box-like electrode 8 of charged horizontal group.The box-like electrode 8 of charged horizontal group and the box-like electrode 9 of ground connection horizontal group, after installing, its space bearing of trend is parallel with electrical desalter 1 axis with bottom electric field 4.The box-like electrode 8 of charged horizontal group is introduced equipment 3 with high voltage electric and is connected and charged, and the box-like electrode 9 of ground connection horizontal group is connected and ground connection with water pond 7.The box-like electrode 8 of charged horizontal group and the box-like electrode 9 of ground connection horizontal group, be the grid-like electrode that metallic substance is made.
Oil-feed shower nozzle 10 is arranged on center upper portion or the lower central of the box-like electrode 9 of ground connection horizontal group, is close to the box-like electrode 9 of ground connection horizontal group, and parallel with the box-like electrode 9 of ground connection horizontal group, is connected with oil-feed arm 16.
Back-purge system 11 forms (referring to accompanying drawing 4-a, 4-b) by some backwash tubes 12 and several back flushing nozzles 13.Back flushing nozzle 13 is vertical with backwash tube 12, and back flushing nozzle 13 becomes an inclination angle with water pond 7 bottom surfaces, uniform being welded on backwash tube 12.Distance between back flushing nozzle 13, the width of the water radian being sprayed by back flushing nozzle 13 determines, guarantees to leak punching and dead angle on the base plate of water pond 7 when back flushing.Some backwash tubes 12 are all connected with back flushing water inlet pipe 14, parallel and have certain gap after installing with the base plate of water pond 7.
The top of downcomer 19 is connected with the bottom of water pond 7, and the bottom of top and water pond 7 is equal or a little less than the bottom of water pond 7, and and the bottom of water pond 7 perpendicular, the other end inserts the water layer of electrical desalter 1.The diameter of downcomer 19 and radical are by maximum back flushing water yield calculative determination.
Crude oil injects after emulsion splitter and washing water mixing, and process oil-feed house steward 15 and oil-feed arm 16 are to 5 oil-feeds of top electric field.Process oil-feed house steward 15 and oil-feed arm 17 are to 4 oil-feeds of bottom electric field.Can, by regulating the flow control valve 18 on oil-feed arm 17, make top electric field 5 and bottom electric field 4 obtain desirable crude charging capacity.Because top electric field 5 and bottom electric field 4 crude charging capacities are 50% left and right of total treatment capacity, top electric field 5 and bottom electric field 4 are respectively independently low speed electric desalting equipments like this.Top electric field is operation like this.Crude oil injects after emulsion splitter and washing water mixing, and process oil-feed house steward 15 and oil-feed arm 16 are to 5 oil-feeds of top electric field.By oil-feed shower nozzle 10 by water solution of oil spirt top electric field 5, in the high tension electrostatic field of the box-like electrode 8 of charged horizontal group and box-like electrode 9 compositions of ground connection horizontal group, under the effect of electrical forces, water droplet is assembled the bottom that is deposited to water pond 7, and the ponding in water pond imports electrical desalter 1 bottom water layer by downcomer 19.Absolute oil after the processing buoyance lift that makes progress, enters electrical desalter 1 top absolute oil layer, and the silt in crude oil and mechanical impurity are deposited to the bottom of water pond 7.Because the bottom of water pond 7 is swash plate shape or pan bottom shape, the silt of precipitation and mechanical impurity, at the bottom of can being automatically discharged to electrical desalter 1 tank by downcomer 19.Silt and the mechanical impurity automatically do not got rid of, also can rush silt and mechanical impurity during back flushing with comparalive ease, and at the bottom of being discharged to electrical desalter 1 tank through downcomer 19, the silt of deposition is easily rinsed well.According to the number of the silt of the bottom settlings of water pond 7 and mechanical impurity amount, the bottom of 11 pairs of water ponds 7 of regular or irregular startup back-purge system is rinsed.Because the bottom of water pond 7 has certain space to deposit silt and the mechanical impurity of precipitation, so do not need continually the bottom of water pond 7 to be rinsed.Even when back flushing is carried out, can there is not disturbance to the high tension electrostatic field being formed by the box-like electrode 8 of charged horizontal group and the box-like electrode 9 of ground connection horizontal group yet, thereby guaranteed that top electric field 5 can long period normally move, and guaranteed that the crude oil after top electric field 5 is processed can reach the technical indicator of regulation.
Bottom electric field is operation like this.Process oil-feed house steward 15 and oil-feed arm 17, to 4 oil-feeds of bottom electric field, by oil-feed sparger 20 emulsion out, are stratiform and slowly enter bottom electric field 4, under the effect of electrical forces, at the bottom of water droplet gathering is deposited to electrical desalter 1 tank.Absolute oil after the bottom electric field 4 dehydration buoyance lift that makes progress.By electric field unit, top 6 spacing between any two, the spacing between electric field unit 6, top and electrical desalter 1 inwall, flows into electrical desalter 1 top absolute oil layer.The saline sewage of assembling sedimentation due to top electric field 5 imports electrical desalter 1 bottom water layer by downcomer 19, take their own roads with absolute oil after the bottom electric field 4 dehydration buoyance lift that makes progress, the saline sewage that absolute oil after bottom electric field 4 dehydration and top electric field 5 are assembled sedimentations does not contact not can back mixing, can not go out phenomenon U.S. high-speed electric desalting technology such, the saline sewage that absolute oil after 4 dehydrations of bottom electric field is assembled sedimentation by top electric field 5 is taken electrical desalter 1 out of, makes the de-rear saliferous situation not up to standard of crude oil.
Employing is with mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment and Quick drainage, blowdown apparatus and the Technology of the renewal of electric field unit, a plurality of top, invests littlely, and floor space is few, and suitability is wide.Both light crude can be processed, also heavy crude or extra heavy oil can be processed.Process density and be not more than 0.9861g/cm 3heavy crude, the in the situation that before crude Treatment, saliferous being not more than 100mg/L, by two stage desalting processed, just can reach de-after salt content in crud oil be not more than 3mg/L, former Water in oil is not more than 0.3%, in draining, oil-containing is not more than the technical indicators such as 150PPm.
Adopt the carrying out of previous embodiment to test as follows.
Test is with feedstock property in Table 1, and the two electric field desalination operational conditions of two oil-feeds are in Table 2, and desalting and dewatering effect comparison is in Table 3.
Table 1 oil property
The two electric field desalination operational conditions of table 2 pair oil-feed
Figure BSA00000246387500072
Figure BSA00000246387500081
Table 3 Technology of the present invention and high-speed electric desalting Technology desalting and dewatering effect comparison

Claims (8)

1. the mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of a renewal, comprise electrical desalter, transformer and high voltage electric are introduced equipment, oil-feed house steward, oil-feed arm and flow control valve, it is characterized in that, in described electrical desalter, top electric field is positioned at the top of electrical desalter, top electric field is comprised of at least one electric field unit, electric field unit, top is semi closed electrode, each electric field unit, top comprises water pond, the box-like electrode of charged horizontal group, the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group, back-purge system and downcomer, the box-like electrode of charged horizontal group and the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group are installed in water pond, back-purge system comprises back flushing nozzle, back flushing nozzle becomes an inclination angle with water pond bottom surface, the top of downcomer is connected with the bottom of water pond, the other end inserts the water layer of electrical desalter, water pond top is a rectangle or foursquare disk-shaped structure, bottom is V-arrangement or for V word lower cut-out shape or for pan bottom shape, the box-like electrode of charged horizontal group is equal with water pond end face, or lower than water pond end face, the box-like electrode of charged horizontal group and the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group, parallel with electrical desalter horizontal axis with bottom electric field after installing, the box-like electrode of charged horizontal group is connected with high voltage electric introducing equipment and is charged, the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group is connected and ground connection with water pond.
2. the mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of renewal as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, top electric field comprises a plurality of electric fields unit, parallel with bottom electric field, electrical desalter horizontal axis after the electric field cellular installation of top electric field, between electric field unit, top and electrical desalter inwall, have certain spacing, electric field unit, top also has certain spacing between any two.
3. the mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of renewal as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, oil-feed shower nozzle is arranged on center upper portion or the lower central of the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group, and parallel with the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group, is connected with oil inlet pipe.
4. the mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of renewal as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, back-purge system is comprised of some backwash tubes and several back flushing nozzles, back flushing nozzle is vertical with backwash tube, back flushing nozzle is uniform to be welded on backwash tube, distance between back flushing nozzle, the width of the water radian being sprayed by back flushing nozzle determines, guarantee to leak on the base plate of water pond when back flushing punching and dead angle, some backwash tubes are all connected with back flushing water inlet pipe, parallel and have certain gap after installing with the base plate of water pond.
5. the mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of renewal as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, downcomer top is connected with the bottom of water pond, and perpendicular with the bottom of water pond, and the diameter of downcomer and radical are by maximum back flushing water yield calculative determination.
6. the mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of renewal as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the described box-like electrode of charged horizontal group and the box-like electrode of ground connection horizontal group, be the grid-like electrode that metallic substance is made.
7. the mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of renewal as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, bottom electric field is Combined water flat electrodes, or is built-up type vertical electrode.
8. the mink cell focus desalting and dewatering equipment of renewal as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the box-like electrode of charged horizontal group is electrically connected to the electro-desalting transformer that is arranged on electrical desalter top by high voltage electric introducing equipment, top electric field and bottom electric field are communicated with by oil-feed arm the oil-feed house steward who is arranged on electrical desalter below respectively, on each oil-feed arm, flow control valve are installed.
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WO2017005089A1 (en) * 2015-07-06 2017-01-12 江苏金门能源装备有限公司 Electric desalting and dehydration apparatus
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