CN102369930A - 一种用于保花保果的壳寡糖组合物及其用途和方法 - Google Patents

一种用于保花保果的壳寡糖组合物及其用途和方法 Download PDF

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CN102369930A
CN102369930A CN 201110332376 CN201110332376A CN102369930A CN 102369930 A CN102369930 A CN 102369930A CN 201110332376 CN201110332376 CN 201110332376 CN 201110332376 A CN201110332376 A CN 201110332376A CN 102369930 A CN102369930 A CN 102369930A
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张善学
陆红霞
张余胜
陈丁丁
蓝亿亿
肖斌
杜丽芬
徐俊光
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Hainan Zhengye Biotechnology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于作物保花保果的壳寡糖组合物及其用途和方法,具体的,在于作物的开花前和/或开花后施用组合物,然后每隔5-20天的时间,优选每隔10天的时间,再次施用与首次施用浓度相同或不同的组合物0-3次,优选地,施用2次组合物,其中所述的组合物中壳寡糖的重量百分比为0.0035%-0.0125%,优选的,壳寡糖占组合物的重量百分比为0.004%-0.0115%。本发明发现了特定浓度的壳寡糖在作物保花保果时的特异效果,解决作物保花保果的重要问题,尤其是用包含壳寡糖的农药组合物在处理作物后,不仅保花保果,而且不会对作物产生药害,没有农药残留。

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一种用于保花保果的壳寡糖组合物及其用途和方法
技术领域
本发明属于农业化学领域,特别是涉及作物保花保果的组合物及其用途和方法,具体地涉及一种用于作物保花保果的壳寡糖组合物及其用途和方法。 
背景技术
目前保花保果方法主要是给作物施用肥料,一般通过施用各种肥料,使得作物的根系从土壤中吸收无机营养液、或从叶、果、枝直接吸收补充少量的营养成分。目前采取的措施主要目的是使得植物在开花结果时具有充足的营养。 
本发明发现,通过给作物施用壳寡糖组合物,能够增强作物对营养的吸收能力,解决仅仅供给营养而不能有效解决作物落花落果的问题。 
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种用于作物保花保果的农药组合物,该农药组合物中包含壳寡糖,壳寡糖占该农药组合物的重量百分比为0.0035%-0.0125%。优选的,壳寡糖占该农药组合物的重量百分比为0.004%-0.0115%。 
上述该农药组合物可以制备液体制剂或固体制剂。液体制剂可以是农业用的任意液体制剂,固体制剂也是农业用的任意固体制剂。优选的,液体制剂为水剂,微乳剂、水分散粒剂或悬浮剂;固体制剂优选为可湿性粉剂或颗粒剂。 
本发明还提供了上述包含壳寡糖的农药组合物用于作物保花保果的用途,其特征在于包含壳寡糖的农药组合物中壳寡糖的重量百分比为0.0035%-0.0125%,优选的,壳寡糖占组合物的重量百分比为0.004%-0.0115%。 
本发明还提供了应用包含壳寡糖的组合物对作物保花保果的方法,其特征在于作物的开花前和/或开花后施用组合物,然后每隔5-20天的时间,优选每隔10天的时间,再次施用与首次施用浓度相同或不同的组合物0-3次,优选地,施用2次组合物,其中所述的组合物中壳寡糖的重量百分比为0.0035%-0.0125%,优选的,壳寡糖占组合物的重量百分比为0.004%-0.0115%。 
上述方法中,所述组合物可以制备液体制剂或固体制剂。液体制剂可以是农业用的 任意液体制剂,固体制剂也是农业用的任意固体制剂。优选的,液体制剂为水剂,微乳剂、水分散粒剂或悬浮剂;固体制剂优选为可湿性粉剂或颗粒剂。 
上述方法中,所述作物是指直接或间接为人类需要而栽培的任何植物,优选的,所述作物选自柑桔、香蕉、梨、葡萄、芒果、荔枝、龙眼、苹果、桃、杏、尼猴桃、草莓、中国樱桃、甜樱桃、草梅、西瓜、黄瓜、番茄、丝瓜、苦瓜、冬瓜、辣椒、甜椒、茄子、小麦、水稻、玉米、茶叶、棉花等等。 
所述保花保果是指能够有效地降低作物落花或者降低花不落却落果的作用。 
上述方法中,施用的方法是指农药施用时的任何有效的常用的方法,包括但不限于喷粉法、喷雾法、熏蒸法、土壤处理法或烟雾法等。 
其中喷粉法是指利用喷粉机所产生的风力把粉剂的农药均匀地撒在作物或防治对象的表面;喷雾法是指以一定量的农药与适量的水配成药液,用喷雾器械将药液喷洒成雾滴,均匀地分布在作物或防治对象表面;熏蒸法是指采用熏蒸剂或易挥发的药剂,使其挥发成为能够有效防治病虫害的气体;土壤处理法是指采取喷雾、喷粉、撒毒土等方法,把农药均匀地施于地面或一定的土层内;烟雾法是指利用专用的机具把油状农药分散成烟雾状态,以达到用药的目的。 
本发明中,壳寡糖为氨基葡萄糖通过1,4-糖苷键连接而成的聚合度为2-30的高分子聚合物的混合物,平均分子量为1000-3000道尔顿。壳寡糖可以通过任意方法制备,例如如下的方法:脱乙酰度在70%以上的壳聚糖通过物理降解法、化学降解法、酶降解法、糖基转移法、复合降解法等方法制备得到的聚合度为2-30的低聚壳聚糖的混合物。或者,通过从真菌细胞壁中提取得到甲壳素并通过物理降解法、化学降解法、酶降解法、糖基转移法、复合降解法等方法制备得到的聚合度为2-30的低聚壳聚糖的混合物。或者,通过由氨基葡萄糖通过1,4-糖苷键化学合成聚合而成的聚合度为2-30的聚合物的混合物。目前壳寡糖均为不同聚合物的高分子聚合物的混合物,也就是说壳寡糖中并不是单一聚合度的寡糖形式,而是每种聚合度的壳寡糖单糖都可能存在。所以无论通过何种方法制备得到,或者通过上述制备方法制备得到的市售产品,只要其是氨基葡萄糖通过1,4-糖苷键连接而成的聚合度为2-30、平均分子量为1000-3000道尔顿的高分子聚合物的混合物就是本发明所述的壳寡糖,其可以含有乙酰基,但是键合乙酰基的糖单元 不超过40%的量,优选不超过30%的量,尤其优选不超过20%的量。目前市售的壳寡糖基本上都为上述壳寡糖术语所阐述的壳寡糖产品。 
本发明的有益效果: 
本发明发现了用于作物保花保果的包含壳寡糖的农药组合物,该农药组合物能够保花保果,特别是发现了特定浓度的壳寡糖在保花保果时的特异效果,解决作物保花保果的重要问题,尤其是用包含壳寡糖的农药组合物在处理作物后,不仅保花保果,而且不会对作物产生药害,没有农药残留。本发明特别的贡献还在于通过研究发现了应用壳寡糖保花保果的良好时机和浓度,大大提高了壳寡糖保花保果的效果。 
具体实施方式
为了理解本发明,下面以实施例进一步说明本发明,但不限制本发明。 
实施例1: 
将5wt%壳寡糖溶液用水分别稀释到相应的应用浓度,浓度按照重量百分比浓度计算,在结果记录中以ppm(百万分之)浓度计算,在下面的结果记录中50ppm表示的是重量百分比浓度为0.005%。清水处理作为对照。将稀释后的溶液按照需求分阶段处理处于开花前和开花后的作物,喷施处理的间隔时间为10天。每个处理通过3块试验田(100平方米)进行观察和检测,果树通过20个结果植株进行观察和检测,以清水处理的作为对照。 
落花率和落果率通过如下公式计算: 
落花率=(开花总数-可见果实总数)/开花总数 
落果率=(可见果实总数-成熟果实总数)/可见果实总数 
对于水稻、小麦等粮食作物,可见果实总数为成熟、不成熟及瘪子籽粒的总数,而成熟果实总数仅包括成熟饱满的籽粒总数。 
清水对照处理的落花率和落果率为标准值,以壳寡糖处理情况相对于清水处理的百分比定义为对比情况。例如清水处理的落果率为10%,而壳寡糖处理的落果率为5%,则换算为百分数,清水处理的玉米的落果率为100%,而壳寡糖处理的落果率为50%(=50%/100%),这样方便观察效果。 
具体处理情况和效果如下: 
表1不同处理落花和落果结果 
Figure BDA0000102988320000041
通过上述实验表明,无论是单次还是连续地在各个阶段都施用包含壳寡糖的组合物,均对作物的保花保果具有明显的效果。 

Claims (5)

1.一种用于作物保花保果的农药组合物,该农药组合物中包含壳寡糖,壳寡糖占该农药组合物的重量百分比为0.0035%-0.0125%。优选的,壳寡糖占该农药组合物的重量百分比为0.004%-0.0115%。
2.包含壳寡糖的农药组合物用于作物保花保果的用途,其特征在于包含壳寡糖的农药组合物中壳寡糖的重量百分比为0.0035%-0.0125%,优选的,壳寡糖占组合物的重量百分比为0.004%-0.0115%。
3.应用包含壳寡糖的组合物对作物保花保果的方法,其特征在于作物的开花前和/或开花后施用组合物,然后每隔5-20天的时间,优选每隔10天的时间,再次施用与首次施用浓度相同或不同的组合物0-3次,优选地,施用2次组合物,其中所述的组合物中壳寡糖的重量百分比为0.0035%-0.0125%,优选的,壳寡糖占组合物的重量百分比为0.004%-0.0115%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其中作物选自柑桔、香蕉、梨、葡萄、芒果、荔枝、龙眼、苹果、桃、杏、尼猴桃、草莓、中国樱桃、甜樱桃、草梅、西瓜、黄瓜、番茄、丝瓜、苦瓜、冬瓜、辣椒、甜椒、茄子、小麦、水稻、玉米、茶叶和棉花。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中作物选自柑桔、香蕉、梨、葡萄、芒果、荔枝、龙眼、苹果、桃、杏、尼猴桃、草莓、中国樱桃、甜樱桃、草梅、西瓜、黄瓜、番茄、丝瓜、苦瓜、冬瓜、辣椒、甜椒、茄子、小麦、水稻、玉米、茶叶和棉花。 
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CN105994264A (zh) * 2016-06-14 2016-10-12 韦锦鑫 一种适用于夏秋黄瓜的促花保果剂
CN106070306A (zh) * 2016-06-14 2016-11-09 韦锦鑫 一种提高秋黄瓜坐瓜率的方法
CN109704855A (zh) * 2019-01-08 2019-05-03 武汉绿舟生态肥料有限公司 一种农作物用保花保果的多功能肥料

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CN105994264A (zh) * 2016-06-14 2016-10-12 韦锦鑫 一种适用于夏秋黄瓜的促花保果剂
CN106070306A (zh) * 2016-06-14 2016-11-09 韦锦鑫 一种提高秋黄瓜坐瓜率的方法
CN109704855A (zh) * 2019-01-08 2019-05-03 武汉绿舟生态肥料有限公司 一种农作物用保花保果的多功能肥料

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