CN102365941B - 一种用于防治白粉虱的壳寡糖组合物及其用途和方法 - Google Patents

一种用于防治白粉虱的壳寡糖组合物及其用途和方法 Download PDF

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CN102365941B
CN102365941B CN201110332882.8A CN201110332882A CN102365941B CN 102365941 B CN102365941 B CN 102365941B CN 201110332882 A CN201110332882 A CN 201110332882A CN 102365941 B CN102365941 B CN 102365941B
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张善学
侯华民
陆红霞
陈坚
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Hainan Zhengye Biotechnology Co ltd
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Hainan Zhengye Zhongnong Hi Tech Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于防治白粉虱的壳寡糖组合物及其用途和方法,具体地本发明提供了一种用于防治白粉虱的农药组合物,该农药组合物中包含壳寡糖,壳寡糖占该农药组合物的重量百分比为0.003%-0.03%。本发明还提供了上述包含壳寡糖的农药组合物用于防治白粉虱的用途及其应用包含壳寡糖的组合物防治白粉虱的方法。本发明解决防治白粉虱的重要问题,尤其是用包含壳寡糖的农药组合物在处理发生白粉虱病害的作物后,不仅防治白粉虱,而且不会对作物产生药害,没有农药残留,实现了环保式的白粉虱的防治。

Description

一种用于防治白粉虱的壳寡糖组合物及其用途和方法
技术领域
本发明属于农业化学领域,特别是涉及白粉虱的防治组合物和防治方法,具体地涉及一种用于防治白粉虱的壳寡糖组合物及其用途和方法。 
背景技术
白粉虱又叫小白蛾,因虫体和翅表面被白色蜡粉而得名。为害植株和果实。成虫一般集中栖息于嫩叶背面,吸取汁液并产卵,致使叶片生长受阻而变黄,植株生长发育不良。成虫和若虫还能分泌大量蜜露,堆积于叶面或果面,引起煤污染,导致叶片萎蔫,植株枯死。白粉虱还能传播病毒病。 
目前防治白粉虱的方法主要有种子处理。例如将浸软的种子用高锰酸钾溶液浸种30分钟,也可用10%磷酸三钠溶液浸种20分钟,用清水洗净后播种。还有就是作物开花后用40%乐果1000倍和600倍20%病毒A混合溶液7-10天一次喷洒防治,直至坐果期。对已发生病毒病的植株,可用施特灵、植病灵等配硫酸锌和赤霉素混合液进行喷洒。 
目前没有完全既能够环保又能够有效防治白粉虱的农药以及科学有效的防治方法 
本发明的发明人通过长期的大田研究,获得能够有效防治白粉虱的壳寡糖农药,发现壳寡糖是防治白粉虱的有效化学物质。并且通过深入研究,获得了防治白粉虱的壳寡糖的浓度、施用方法以及施用时期。 
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种用于防治白粉虱的农药组合物,该农药组合物中包含壳寡糖,壳寡糖占该农药组合物的重量百分比为0.003%-0.03%。优选的,壳寡糖占该农药组合物的重量百分比为0.005%-0.015%。 
上述该农药组合物可以制备液体制剂或固体制剂。液体制剂可以是农业用的任意液体制剂,固体制剂也是农业用的任意固体制剂。优选的,液体制剂为水剂,微乳剂、水分散粒剂或悬浮剂;固体制剂优选为可湿性粉剂或颗粒剂。 
本发明还提供了上述包含壳寡糖的农药组合物用于防治白粉虱的用途,其特征在于包含壳寡糖的农药组合物中壳寡糖的重量百分比为0.003%-0.03%,优选的,壳寡糖占 组合物的重量百分比为0.005%-0.015%。 
本发明还提供了应用包含壳寡糖的组合物防治白粉虱的方法,其特征在于在白粉虱病发的初期施用组合物,然后每隔5-10天的时间,优选每隔7天的时间,再次施用与首次施用浓度相同或不同的组合物0-3次,优选的,施用2次组合物,其中所述的组合物中壳寡糖的重量百分比为0.003%-0.03%,优选的,壳寡糖占组合物的重量百分比为0.005%-0.015%。 
上述方法中,所述组合物可以制备液体制剂或固体制剂。液体制剂可以是农业用的任意液体制剂,固体制剂也是农业用的任意固体制剂。优选的,液体制剂为水剂,微乳剂、水分散粒剂或悬浮剂;固体制剂优选为可湿性粉剂或颗粒剂。 
上述方法中,施用的方法是指农药施用时的任何有效的常用的方法,包括但不限于喷粉法、喷雾法、熏蒸法、土壤处理法或烟雾法等。 
其中喷粉法是指利用喷粉机所产生的风力把粉剂的农药均匀地撒在作物或防治对象的表面;喷雾法是指以一定量的农药与适量的水配成药液,用喷雾器械将药液喷洒成雾滴,均匀地分布在作物或防治对象表面;熏蒸法是指采用熏蒸剂或易挥发的药剂,使其挥发成为能够有效防治病虫害的气体;土壤处理法是指采取喷雾、喷粉、撒毒土等方法,把农药均匀地施于地面或一定的土层内;烟雾法是指利用专用的机具把油状农药分散成烟雾状态,以达到杀虫灭菌除草的方法。 
上述方法中,白粉虱病发的初期是指白粉虱病发刚刚开始的阶段,一般情况,该阶段对于本领域技术人员来说是可以通过目测进行判断的,也就是有白粉虱危害作物的时候,特别是有白粉虱虫口出现的阶段。具体地,也可以通过定量检测的方式进行判断,也就是白粉虱虫口出现的植株占总植株数量的3%以下的时期为白粉虱病发的初期。 
本发明中,壳寡糖为氨基葡萄糖通过1,4-糖苷键连接而成的聚合度为2-30的高分子聚合物的混合物,平均分子量为1000-3000道尔顿。壳寡糖可以通过任意方法制备,例如如下的方法:脱乙酰度在70%以上的壳聚糖通过物理降解法、化学降解法、酶降解法、糖基转移法、复合降解法等方法制备得到的聚合度为2-30的低聚壳聚糖的混合物。或者,通过从真菌细胞壁中提取得到甲壳素并通过物理降解法、化学降解法、酶降解法、糖基转移法、复合降解法等方法制备得到的聚合度为2-30的低聚壳聚糖的混合物。或 者,通过由氨基葡萄糖通过1,4-糖苷键化学合成聚合而成的聚合度为2-30的聚合物的混合物。目前壳寡糖均为不同聚合物的高分子聚合物的混合物,也就是说壳寡糖中并不是单一聚合度的寡糖形式,而是每种聚合度的壳寡糖单糖都可能存在。所以无论通过何种方法制备得到,或者通过上述制备方法制备得到的市售产品,只要其是氨基葡萄糖通过1,4-糖苷键连接而成的聚合度为2-30、平均分子量为1000-3000道尔顿的高分子聚合物的混合物就是本发明所述的壳寡糖,其可以含有乙酰基,但是键合乙酰基的糖单元不超过40%的量,优选不超过30%的量,尤其优选不超过20%的量。目前市售的壳寡糖基本上都为上述壳寡糖术语所阐述的壳寡糖产品。 
本发明的壳寡糖组合物防治主要防治温室温室作物,如黄瓜、南瓜、丝瓜、西葫芦、番茄、茄子、马铃薯、菜豆等上的白粉虱。当然,也可以用于防治花卉、药材、林木等植物上的白粉虱。 
本发明的有益效果: 
本发明发现了用于防治白粉虱的包含壳寡糖的农药组合物,该农药组合物能够防治白粉虱,特别是发现了特定浓度的壳寡糖在防治白粉虱时的特异效果,解决防治白粉虱的重要问题,尤其是用包含壳寡糖的农药组合物在处理染病作物后,不仅防治白粉虱,而且不会对作物产生药害,没有农药残留,实现了环保式的白粉虱的防治。本发明特别的贡献还在于通过研究发现了应用壳寡糖防治白粉虱的良好时机和浓度,大大提高了壳寡糖防治白粉虱的效果。 
具体实施方式
为了理解本发明,下面以实施例进一步说明本发明,但不限制本发明。 
实施例1: 
将5%壳寡糖溶液用水分别稀释到相应的应用浓度,浓度按照重量百分比浓度计算,在结果记录中以ppm(百万分之)浓度计算,在下面的结果记录中50ppm表示的是重量百分比浓度为0.005%。清水处理作为对照。将稀释后的溶液按照需求分阶段处理处于白粉虱发病初期的番茄,喷施处理的间隔时间为7天。每个处理通过3块试验田(100平方米)进行观察和检测,分别统计每块试验田的白粉虱的病情发展情况。应用壳寡糖溶液处理白粉虱的时机为白粉虱啮噬番茄具有虫口的植株数量占番茄总植株数的3± 0.25%。白粉虱防治效果通过检查白粉虱虫口数量的比例变化情况统计。 
防治效果=(空白对照的虫口数-处理后作物的虫口数)/空白对照的虫口数×100% 
统计时按照每块试验田进行统计平均值,例如100平方米的试验田中植株数X株,计算X株的平均虫口数,包括处理和空白对照,都是如此计算,以此来计算平均防治效果。 
具体处理情况和效果如下: 
表1白粉虱虫害初期施用壳寡糖溶液对白粉虱的防治效果 
Figure BDA0000102986280000041
通过上述实验表明,无论是单次处理白粉虱病发初期的番茄还是连续处理白粉虱病发初期的番茄,均对白粉虱产生了良好防治效果,能够控制白粉虱的病情发展,直至达到防治白粉虱。 

Claims (4)

1.包含壳寡糖的农药组合物用于防治白粉虱的用途,其特征在于包含壳寡糖的农药组合物中壳寡糖的重量百分比为0.003%-0.03%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中壳寡糖占组合物的重量百分比为0.005%-0.015%。
3.应用包含壳寡糖的组合物防治白粉虱的方法,其特征在于在白粉虱病发的初期施用组合物,然后每隔5-10天的时间,再次施用与首次施用浓度相同或不同的组合物0-3次,其中所述的组合物中壳寡糖的重量百分比为0.003%-0.03%。
4.应用包含壳寡糖的组合物防治白粉虱的方法,其特征在于在白粉虱病发的初期施用组合物,然后每隔7天的时间,再次施用与首次施用浓度相同或不同的组合物2次,其中所述的组合物中壳寡糖的重量百分比为0.005%-0.015%。
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101120673A (zh) * 2007-09-19 2008-02-13 雷庆峰 一种无毒农药及其制备方法
CN102144639A (zh) * 2010-12-23 2011-08-10 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 具有抗旱作用的壳寡糖组合物及应用
CN102144637A (zh) * 2010-12-23 2011-08-10 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 具有抗寒作用的壳寡糖组合物及应用

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101120673A (zh) * 2007-09-19 2008-02-13 雷庆峰 一种无毒农药及其制备方法
CN102144639A (zh) * 2010-12-23 2011-08-10 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 具有抗旱作用的壳寡糖组合物及应用
CN102144637A (zh) * 2010-12-23 2011-08-10 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 具有抗寒作用的壳寡糖组合物及应用

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