CN102364728B - Positive electrode material for lithium ion cells and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Positive electrode material for lithium ion cells and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a positive electrode material for lithium ion cells and a preparation method thereof. The material provided by the invention is porous vanadic anhydride with an amorphous carbon layer on the surface of vanadic anhydride, wherein the weight friction of vanadic anhydride is 80-99.9% and the weight friction of carbon is 0.1-20%. In comparison with the prior art, the preparation method provided by the invention has advantages of simple technological process, short reaction time, low production cost and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of anode material for lithium-ion batteries and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of preparation method corresponding to anode material for lithium-ion batteries porous vanadic oxide.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery has high-energy-density, high power density, and operating voltage is high, lightweight, have extended cycle life the advantages such as security performance is good, memory-less effect.As a kind of Novel energy storage apparatus, the exploitation of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery energy storage system will promote effective utilization of regenerative resource and the development of new-energy automobile, and energy shortage and environmental contamination reduction are significant for solving.Further improving performance of lithium ion battery, reducing cost is the prerequisite that realizes its effective application.Electrode material is the key factor that affects performance of lithium ion battery and cost as the important component part of lithium ion battery.More than ten years in the past, the research of anode material for lithium-ion batteries mainly concentrated on the LiCoO of spinel structure
2, LiMn
2O
4LiFePO with olivine structural
4And their derivative.LiCoO
2Be first business-like positive electrode, but its active volume is lower than 150mAh g
-1, otherwise Li
1-xCoO
2Structure is unstable, LiCoO
2Easily and electrolyte generation redox reaction, cause irreversible capacity loss and safety problem; In addition, cobalt resource is limited, expensive.LiFePO
4Be to study now the hottest positive electrode, its theoretical capacity only has 170mAh g
-1, can not satisfy energy-storage system to the needs of lithium battery.So high power capacity, long-life, high security, the cheaply exploitation of electrode material are the emphasis of lithium battery area research.
Vanadic oxide has layer structure, and space between layers can hold the lithium ion that embeds in the discharge process, and structure significant change can not occur.In addition, vanadium is rich content in the earth's crust, and is cheap.Therefore, vanadium base electrode material has LiCoO at cost
2Incomparable advantage has become forward position and the focus in Study on Li-ion batteries using field.Yet the layer structure stability of oxyvanadium compound and lithium vanadate is not good enough, and in charge and discharge process, the repeatedly phase transformation that lithium ion embedded/took off the embedding process makes the capacity attenuation of material very fast, and cycle performance is poor; And being not suitable for high current charge-discharge, multiplying power property is poor.These drawbacks limit of vanadic oxide its commercial applications.
People attempt by the pattern that changes material, reduce the performance that particle size improves the vanadic oxide electrode material.For example, vanadic oxide is made nano material.The people such as Martin have synthesized the V of different-diameter take porous carbon acid esters film as template with sol-gal process
2O
5Nano wire finds that diameter shows outstanding low temperature electrochemical performance (Sides, C.R. less than the nano wire of 70nm; Martin, C.R., Adv Mater, 2005,17,125.).Yet multiplying power property and the cyclical stability of the vanadium pentoxide nanometer material of bibliographical information and prior art are all poor at present, and experimentation is complicated, and condition is wayward, and synthetic cost is high.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to provide a kind of preparation technology's program simple for the defective that overcomes above-mentioned prior art existence, and the reaction time is short, anode material for lithium-ion batteries that production cost is low and preparation method thereof.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of anode material for lithium-ion batteries, it is characterized in that, this material is the vanadic oxide of porous and the carbon-coating that one deck amorphous is arranged on the vanadic oxide surface, the quality percentage composition of vanadic oxide is 80-99.9%, and the preparation percentage composition of carbon is 0.1-20%.
A kind of preparation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries is characterized in that, the method may further comprise the steps:
(1) vanadium source and porous hard template are ground until color is even, the gained mix powder is put into quartz boat, places tube furnace, and under inert gas shielding, high temperature sintering obtains the compound of vanadium and the compound of porous hard template after being cooled to room temperature;
(2) the resulting compound of step (1) is placed Muffle furnace, calcine in air, the product that obtains cools off, and obtains the vanadic oxide of the porous of demoulding plate.
The described vanadium of step (1) source is VO, VO
2, V
2O
5, V
2O
3Or NH
4VO
3A kind of or its combination.
The described porous hard template of step (1) refers to: a kind of or its combination of mesoporous carbon, active carbon, carbon nano-tube.
The described high temperature sintering of step (1) refers to begin to be warming up to 600-900 ℃ with the programming rate of 1-10 ℃/min from room temperature, and constant temperature 10 minutes to 20 hours.
The described inert gas of step (1) refers to a kind of or its mixing in nitrogen or the argon gas.
The described calcining in air of step (2) refers to begin to be warming up to 300-680 ℃ with the programming rate of 1-10 ℃/min from room temperature, and constant temperature 10-720 minute.
Compared with prior art, the present invention directly mixes vanadium source and porous hard template, makes the melting of vanadium source by the high-temperature roasting under inert gas shielding, enters into the duct of porous hard template, removes the porous hard template and obtains the porous vanadic oxide.The loose structure of product can improve its surface area, increases the activated centre; Pore passage structure is conducive to transporting of lithium ion and electrolyte solution, has accelerated mass transport process; Thinner hole wall has shortened the diffusion length of lithium ion, has guaranteed that lithium ion embeds fast and takes off embedding, and these all are conducive to improve the multiplying power property of material.The vanadic oxide of high-temperature roasting method preparation has good crystallinity, simultaneously, vanadic oxide surface after the roasting is the very thin agraphitic carbon of residual one deck still, increased the conductivity of product, and stoped the polymerization of vanadic oxide material, thereby improved capacity and the cyclical stability of product.
Preparation technology's program of the present invention is simple, and the reaction time is short, and production cost is low.The electrode material good cycle that the method synthesizes, long service life is applicable to large-scale industrial production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the XRD diffraction pattern of positive active material vanadic oxide of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that positive active material vanadic oxide of the present invention amplifies 400000 times TEM figure;
Fig. 3 is the chemical property of positive active material vanadic oxide of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the impedance diagram of positive active material vanadic oxide of the present invention and raw material vanadic oxide.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
1. the vanadic oxide with 1.0g at room temperature mixes with the mesoporous carbon of 1.0g, and grinds until color is even with mortar.Then powder is placed tube furnace, under the protection of inert nitrogen gas, begin programming rate with 5 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 750 ℃ and at 20 minutes high temperature sinterings of 750 ℃ of constant temperature, be cooled to the compound that obtains vanadic oxide and mesoporous carbon after the room temperature.
2. resulting compound is placed Muffle furnace, begin programming rate with 5 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 650 ℃ of calcinings and 650 ℃ of calcining at constant temperature 40 minutes air, remove the vanadic oxide that mesoporous carbon obtains porous.
Embodiment 2:
1. the vanadic oxide with 1.0g at room temperature mixes with the mesoporous carbon of 1.0g, and grinds until color is even with mortar.Then powder is placed tube furnace, under the protection of inert nitrogen gas, begin programming rate with 5 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 750 ℃ and at 20 minutes high temperature sinterings of 750 ℃ of constant temperature, be cooled to the compound that obtains vanadic oxide and mesoporous carbon after the room temperature.
2. resulting compound is placed Muffle furnace, begin programming rate with 5 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 600 ℃ of calcinings and 600 ℃ of calcining at constant temperature 45 minutes air, remove the vanadic oxide that mesoporous carbon obtains porous.
Embodiment 3:
1. the ammonium metavanadate with 1.0g at room temperature mixes with the mesoporous carbon of 1.0g, and grinds until color is even with mortar.Then powder is placed tube furnace, under the protection of inert nitrogen gas, begin programming rate with 5 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 750 ℃ and at 20 minutes high temperature sinterings of 750 ℃ of constant temperature, be cooled to the compound that obtains vanadic oxide and mesoporous carbon after the room temperature.
2. resulting compound is placed Muffle furnace, begin programming rate with 5 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 650 ℃ of calcinings and 650 ℃ of calcining at constant temperature 45 minutes air, remove the vanadic oxide that mesoporous carbon obtains porous.
Embodiment 4:
1. the vanadic oxide with 1.0g at room temperature mixes with the mesoporous carbon of 1.0g, and grinds until color is even with mortar.Then powder is placed tube furnace, under vacuum atmosphere, begin intensification with 5 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 750 ℃ and at 20 minutes high temperature sinterings of 750 ℃ of constant temperature, be cooled to the compound that obtains vanadic oxide and mesoporous carbon after the room temperature.
2. resulting compound is placed Muffle furnace, begin programming rate with 5 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 600 ℃ of calcinings and 600 ℃ of calcining at constant temperature 40 minutes air, remove the vanadic oxide that mesoporous carbon obtains porous.
Embodiment 5:
1. the vanadic oxide with 1.0g at room temperature mixes with the active carbon of 1.0g, and grinds until color is even with mortar.Then powder is placed tube furnace, under vacuum atmosphere, begin programming rate with 5 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 750 ℃ and at 20 minutes high temperature sinterings of 750 ℃ of constant temperature, be cooled to the compound that obtains vanadic oxide and active carbon after the room temperature.
2. resulting compound is placed Muffle furnace, begin programming rate with 5 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 650 ℃ of calcinings and 650 ℃ of calcining at constant temperature 45 minutes air, remove the vanadic oxide that active carbon obtains porous.
Embodiment 6:
1. the ammonium metavanadate with 1.0g at room temperature mixes with the active carbon of 1.0g, and grinds until color is even with mortar.Then powder is placed tube furnace, under the protection of inert nitrogen gas, begin programming rate with 5 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 750 ℃ and at 20 minutes high temperature sinterings of 750 ℃ of constant temperature, be cooled to the compound that obtains vanadic oxide and active carbon after the room temperature.
2. resulting compound is placed Muffle furnace, begin programming rate with 5 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 600 ℃ of calcinings and 600 ℃ of calcining at constant temperature 45 minutes air, remove the vanadic oxide that active carbon obtains porous.
Embodiment 7:
1. the VO with 1.0g at room temperature mixes with the active carbon of 1.0g, and grinds until color is even with mortar.Then powder is placed tube furnace; under the protection of inert nitrogen gas, begin programming rate with 10 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 900 ℃ and at 10 minutes high temperature sinterings of 900 ℃ of constant temperature, be cooled to the compound that obtains vanadic oxide and active carbon after the room temperature.
2. resulting compound is placed Muffle furnace, begin programming rate with 10 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 680 ℃ of calcinings and 680 ℃ of calcining at constant temperature 720 minutes air, remove active carbon and obtain the porous vanadic oxide that there is one deck amorphous carbon layer on the surface, wherein the quality percentage composition of vanadic oxide is 99.9%, and Carbon Content is 0.1%.
Embodiment 8:
1. the VO with 1.0g at room temperature mixes with the carbon nano-tube of 1.0g, and grinds until color is even with mortar.Then powder is placed tube furnace; under the protection of inert gas argon gas, begin programming rate with 1 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 600 ℃ and at 20 hours high temperature sinterings of 600 ℃ of constant temperature, be cooled to the compound that obtains vanadic oxide and carbon nano-tube after the room temperature.
2. resulting compound is placed Muffle furnace, begin programming rate with 1 ℃/min from room temperature and be warming up to 300 ℃ of calcinings and 300 ℃ of calcining at constant temperature 10 minutes air, remove active carbon and obtain the porous vanadic oxide that there is one deck amorphous carbon layer on the surface, wherein the quality percentage composition of vanadic oxide is 80%, and Carbon Content is 20%.
Shown in Fig. 1-4, the below carries out performance test with the obtained product of above-described embodiment, illustrates after employing positive active material porous vanadic oxide provided by the invention is prepared into battery battery is carried out performance test.
Electrochemical property test:
(1) preparation of battery
Need make the coin shape lithium battery before the electrochemical property test of sample, sample serves as the positive electrode of electrode in the lithium battery, and the lithium sheet is as negative pole.Make flow process and be divided into preliminary treatment, slurry making, electrode fabrication, battery assembling Four processes.Synthetic sample porous vanadic oxide (60%) is mixed (mass ratio) fully to be stirred with conductive agent acetylene black (30%), adhesive Kynoar (10%), be uniformly coated on and place vacuum drying chamber on the aluminium foil, 100 ℃ of vacuumize 12 hours, be cut into the positive plate of button cell after the oven dry, compressing tablet, pressure are approximately used 3-5 atmospheric pressure.Weighing scribbles the electrode slice weight of active material, according to the weight of blank aluminium foil before the smear and the ratio of active material, puts into glove box after calculating the weight of contained active material in each electrode slice.
Adopt metal lithium sheet to make negative pole, 1molL
-1LiPF
6-EC+DMC (volume ratio 1: 1) solution is made electrolyte.Carry out in the glove box that is assembled in the anhydrous and oxygen-free that is full of argon gas of button cell. battery pack process of assembling 1) electrode slice is placed on the battery case middle, drip 2 electrolyte; 2) with barrier film entirely being layered on the electrode slice gently; 3) draw a small amount of electrolyte with dropper, drip 1 to 2 electrolyte until barrier film is all wetting from direction of diaphragm edge; 4) metal lithium sheet is placed on the central authorities of barrier film, can not directly contacts battery case; 5) again nickel foam is placed the central authorities of lithium sheet; 6) cover battery cover, firmly by tight, namely assemble completely with the sealing machine sealed cell, leave standstill after a period of time to be measured.
(2) electrochemical property test
The constant current charge-discharge loop test of sample carries out at the LAND-201A battery test system, and the test voltage scope is 2.0-4.0V; Electrochemical impedance carries out at CHI600B type electrochemical workstation (Shanghai occasion China instrument company).
Can find out that according to the XRD diffraction pattern of Fig. 1 positive active material vanadic oxide vanadic oxide is pure phase, higher crystallinity is arranged, and the vanadic oxide of the rhombic form of diffraction peak and standard is consistent, (JCPDSNo.41-1426, space group is Pmnm, cell parameter:
). the TEM figure according to 400000 times of Fig. 2 positive active material vanadic oxide amplifications can find out that hole dimension is 4-7nm, and at material surface very thin carbon-coating is arranged, chemical property figure according to Fig. 3 positive active material vanadic oxide can find out in current density 1.0,2.0,5.0and 10Ag
-1The time, the specific discharge capacity of material is respectively 305,255, and 168 and 130mAh g
-1, behind charge and discharge cycles 50 circles, 1.0Ag
-1Capacity still remains on 288mAh g
-1This shows that the positive electrode active materials vanadic oxide has very high specific capacity and good cyclical stability, can find out that according to the impedance diagram of Fig. 4 positive active material vanadic oxide and raw material vanadic oxide the positive electrode active materials vanadic oxide obviously reduces than general commercial vanadic oxide resistance, the activity when lithium ion insertion embedding goes out significantly improves.
Claims (2)
1. the preparation method of an anode material for lithium-ion batteries is characterized in that, the method may further comprise the steps:
(1) vanadium source and porous hard template are ground until color is even, the gained mix powder is put into quartz boat, places tube furnace, and under inert gas shielding, high temperature sintering obtains the compound of vanadium and the compound of porous hard template after being cooled to room temperature;
(2) the resulting compound of step (1) is placed Muffle furnace, calcine in air, the product that obtains cools off, and obtains the vanadic oxide of the porous of demoulding plate;
The described vanadium of step (1) source is VO, VO
2, V
2O
5, V
2O
3Or NH
4VO
3A kind of or its combination;
The described high temperature sintering of step (1) refers to begin to be warming up to 600-900 ℃ with the programming rate of 1-10 ℃/min from room temperature, and constant temperature 10 minutes to 20 hours;
The described porous hard template of step (1) refers to: a kind of or its combination of mesoporous carbon, active carbon, carbon nano-tube;
The described calcining in air of step (2) refers to begin to be warming up to 300-680 ℃ with the programming rate of 1-10 ℃/min from room temperature, and constant temperature 10-720 minute;
Described positive electrode is the vanadic oxide of porous and the carbon-coating that one deck amorphous is arranged on the vanadic oxide surface, and the quality percentage composition of vanadic oxide is 80-99.9%, and Carbon Content is 0.1-20%.
2. the preparation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described inert gas of step (1) refers to a kind of or its mixing in nitrogen or the argon gas.
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| CN104466102B (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2017-07-18 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of porous V2O5/C complex microspheres of positive electrode material of lithium secondary cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN105742614A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-07-06 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | vanadium pentoxide positive electrode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110697799A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-01-17 | 河南电池研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of porous lithium ion battery anode material |
Citations (3)
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| CN1803631A (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2006-07-19 | 清华大学 | Preparation method of multi-element nanometer sulfur anode material for lithium ion battery |
| CN1822415A (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2006-08-23 | 同济大学 | Nano composite lithium ion cell cathode material and its preparing method |
| CN101794876A (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2010-08-04 | 常州康维电子科技有限公司 | Cathode material of battery with high rate performance and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1803631A (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2006-07-19 | 清华大学 | Preparation method of multi-element nanometer sulfur anode material for lithium ion battery |
| CN1822415A (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2006-08-23 | 同济大学 | Nano composite lithium ion cell cathode material and its preparing method |
| CN101794876A (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2010-08-04 | 常州康维电子科技有限公司 | Cathode material of battery with high rate performance and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| M. Sathiya et al..V2O5-Anchored Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Electrochemical Energy Storage.《Journal of the American chemical society 》.2011,第133卷16291-16299. |
| V2O5-Anchored Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Electrochemical Energy Storage;M. Sathiya et al.;《Journal of the American chemical society 》;20110902;第133卷;16291-16299 * |
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