CN102359895B - Normal temperature enrichment and sampling method for xenon in air - Google Patents
Normal temperature enrichment and sampling method for xenon in air Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a normal temperature enrichment and sampling method for xenon in air, and an apparatus thereof. According to the present invention, a hollow fiber semi-permeable membrane group is adopted as an air pretreatment apparatus; a four-stage adsorption column is adopted to enrich and concentrate the xenon in the air step by step, wherein the first-stage adsorption column adopts two sets of parallel structures, the two sets of the parallel structures alternatively work, such that continuous and uninterrupted sampling is realized; an adsorbent of activated carbon is adopted. With the present invention, the apparatus of the present invention has characteristics of rational design, simple structure and convenient operation; the difficulty of impurity removing in the subsequent concentration process is reduced; the apparatus is applicable for long-termly monitoring the atmospheric environment; the sampled sample has strong representativeness, and no time empty window is generated; the method and the apparatus can be applicable for sampling the noble gas xenon in the air.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear environment monitoring method, be specifically related to the concentration and separation of rare gas xenon in atmosphere.
Background technology
Radio nuclide monitoring system technology is that four kinds of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) regulation are verified one of gordian technique.Nuclear activity produces and the Characteristic radionuclides of release plays conclusive effect to the qualitative identification of suspicious event in CTBT verifies, and is the emphasis of radio nuclide monitoring system technical research for the sample analysis technology of these nucleic always.In international radio nuclide monitoring system system, interested radioactivity rare gas is that radioactive xenon isotope (mainly comprises
131mxe,
133mxe,
133xe,
135xe).
In air, the volume fraction of rare gas xenon is 8.7 × 10
-8(v/v), wherein the content of radioactive xenon isotope is lower, is difficult to Direct Analysis.The sampling of radgas xenon is separation and concentration xenon isotope from ambient atmosphere, and make its quantitative detection sensitivity that reaches total xenon analytical instrument and the requirement of radioactivity survey instrument to radioactive xenon isotope content, therefore must from a large amount of air, (be greater than 10m
3) xenon is concentrated to a very little volume (several to hundreds of ml).
Literature search information: the people's such as 63653 Zhou Chongyang of army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army invention, number be the patent of CN201728039U " a kind of tripping device of enriched gas xenon ", adopt one-level 5A molecular sieve removal of impurities post, one-level active carbon adsorption column, secondary 5A molecular sieve to add that activated charcoal removal of impurities post, secondary active carbon adsorption column, three grades of 5A molecular sieve add activated charcoal removal of impurities post, three grades of active carbon adsorption columns carry out concentration and separation xenon, 6 adsorption columns are altogether used, relate to the adsorbent of 2 kinds of each 2 specifications, and can not realize serial sampling.Another invention of the people such as Zhou Chongyang, number be the CN 101985080A patent of " a kind of activated charcoal is used for the enrichment and separation method of xenon ", only can concentration for the treatment of the xenon calibrating gas that is 10~1000ppm, can not directly from air, sample.What Sweden A.Ringbom etc. delivered on the 508th phase (2003) at periodical " Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A " is entitled as " SAUNA-a system for automatic sampling, processing, and analysis of radioactive xenon " article, adopt two cover 4A molecular sieve adsorption posts in parallel and active carbon adsorption column to carry out enrichment, follow-up series winding 4A molecular sieve adsorption post, active carbon adsorption column, 3A molecular sieve adsorption post, 5A molecular sieve adsorption post, 5A molecular sieve chromatography post, carbonaceous molecular sieve adsorption column carrys out separation and purification xenon, can realize serial sampling, but 8 grades of adsorption columns are altogether used, relate to 3A, 4A, 5A molecular sieve, carbonaceous molecular sieve, 5 kinds of adsorbents such as activated charcoal.
The present invention uses hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group by after air pretreatment, only uses 4 grades of adsorption columns just to realize the enrichment of xenon in air and concentrates and remove other impurity simultaneously, and adsorbent has also only used activated charcoal one, energy serial sampling, and simple in structure, method is easy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes the method and apparatus of the serial sampling of enrichment xenon in atmosphere under a kind of normal temperature, the method is used hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group as air pretreatment device, use 4 grades of adsorption columns xenon in enrichment condensed air step by step, one-level adsorption column adopts two cover parallel organizations, alternation, realize continuously uninterrupted sampling, use a kind of adsorbent of activated charcoal, the method is reasonable in design, simple in structure, easy and simple to handle, can be used for the sampling to rare gas xenon in surrounding air.
Solution of the present invention is:
A normal temperature enrichment sampling method for xenon in atmosphere, comprises the following steps:
1] air pretreatment:
Adopt hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group tentatively to concentrate airborne xenon;
2] level Four activated charcoal adsorption/desorption step by step:
The charcoal absorption desorption unit that adopts four cascades xenon in condensed air remove other impurity step by step; Described adsorption temp is 10~30 DEG C, and desorption temperature is 200~300 DEG C; Described adsorption/desorption unit is active carbon adsorption column;
3] sample collection:
Afterbody adsorption column desorption xenon is out pressurized to sample collection bottle through barrier film, completes collection.
The above-mentioned acticarbon loading in first to adsorption columns at different levels before adsorption/desorption sampling carries out heat-activated.
Above-mentioned first order adsorption/desorption unit is the active carbon adsorption column of two cover parallel connections, and described two covers active carbon adsorption column in parallel is realized alternately adsorption and desorption by valve.
Above-mentioned employing hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group is carried out preliminary concentrated step to airborne xenon and is specially: by pressurized air by hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group, utilize the rate of diffusion difference of each component in hollow-fibre membrane, separation and the preliminary of airborne xenon of realizing each component in air concentrate.
A kind of normal temperature enrichment sampler of xenon in atmosphere, comprise compressed air source, the adsorption/desorption unit of level Four cascade operation, vacuum pump, carrier gas steel cylinder, sample collection bottle, described every grade of adsorption/desorption unit includes active carbon adsorption column and is arranged on the adsorption column heating arrangement of active carbon adsorption column periphery, described compressed air source is connected with first order adsorption/desorption unit inlet end pipeline, the outlet side of described afterbody adsorption/desorption unit is connected with sample collection bottle pipeline through diaphragm booster pump, described carrier gas steel cylinder is connected with the inlet end of last three grades of adsorption/desorption unit with valve by pipeline, described vacuum pump is connected respectively with the outlet side of level Four adsorption/desorption unit with valve by vacuum pipe, its special character is: between described compressed air source and first order adsorption/desorption unit, be provided with hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group, described first order adsorption/desorption unit comprises two parallel connections and replaces the active carbon adsorption column of adsorption/desorption.
Above-mentioned activated charcoal is 14~25 order cocoanut active charcoals; The carrier gas of described carrier gas steel cylinder is nitrogen or helium.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, use hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group as air pretreatment device, remove airborne O
2, CO
2and H
2o, and xenon in preliminary condensed air, reduced and in follow-up concentration process, gone deimpurity difficulty.
2, use the xenon in condensed air remove other impurity step by step of 4 grades of active carbon adsorption columns altogether, activated-charcoal column adsorbs xenon at different levels all at normal temperatures (10~30 DEG C) are carried out, only use a kind of adsorbent and absorption at normal temperatures, reduced the complicacy of method and realized difficulty.
3, use the parallel one-level adsorption column Ca1 of two covers and alternately sampling of Cb1, make sampling process uninterrupted continuously, be applicable to the long term monitoring of atmospheric environment, the representativeness of institute's sample thief is strong, not free empty window.
4, the present invention is greater than 2.5 × 10 to the enrichment factor of xenon
5, the decontamination factor of radon is greater than 1 × 10
5, efficient sampling volume can be greater than to 50m
3airborne xenon (volume fraction 8.7 × 10
-8), separation and concentration is the sample (xenon concentration is greater than 2.5%) of volume 150ml, far exceedes total xenon measurement and radioactive xenon isotope and measures the requirement to sample.
5, the present invention is not only applicable to the monitoring of atmosphere nuclear environment, is equally applicable to the small-scale production of xenon.
6, the thought that the uninterrupted sampling continuously that the present invention adopts and level Four adsorption column concentrate step by step, can be extended to the design of other types of gases sampler.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure principle chart of the continuous sampling system of normal temperature enrichment xenon in atmosphere;
Fig. 2 is the fundamental diagram of hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group;
Wherein: 1-air compressor machine, 2-dryer, 3-hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group, 4-membrane pump, 5-vacuum pump, 6-carrier gas steel cylinder, 7-sample collection bottle, MFM-mass-flow gas meter, RH-gas dew point meter, O
2-oxygen content detector, MFC-gas mass flow controller, V-valve, P-pressure unit, C-adsorption column, PC-pressure controller.
Embodiment
Apparatus of the present invention:
Air pretreatment unit: blast dryer 2, mass-flow gas meter MFM, hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group 3, gas dew point meter RH, oxygen content detector O are installed on the connecting tube exporting at air compressor machine 1 successively
2, gas mass flow controller MFC0 and valve V0, V0 connects valve V1, Va11, Vb11 by two threeways or a four-way connection;
One-level absorbing unit: Va11 is by two threeways or four-way connection Bonding pressure transmitter Pa1, a valve Va12 and one-level adsorption column Ca1, and the outlet of Ca1 is through connecting valve Va13, Va14, Va15 by two threeways or a four-way connection after filtrator; Vb11 is by two threeways or four-way connection Bonding pressure transmitter Pb1, a valve Vb12 and one-level adsorption column Cb1, and the outlet of Cb1 is through connecting valve Vb13, Vb14, Vb15 by two threeways or a four-way connection after filtrator; Between Va13, Vb13, connect gas mass flow controller MFC1 and pressure controller PC by a four-way connection, the outlet of MFC1 connects valve Va12 and Vb12 by a three-way connection, between Va14, Vb14, connect valve V2 and V3 by two threeways or a four-way connection, V3 connects valve V21, between Va15, Vb15, connects vacuum pipe by a three-way connection;
Secondary absorption unit: V21 is by four-way connection Bonding pressure transmitter P2, a valve V22 and secondary absorption post C2, the outlet of C2 is through connecting valve V23, V24, V25 by a four-way connection after filtrator, V22 connects the outlet of gas mass flow controller MFC2, the entrance of MFC2 connects carrier gas channel, V24 connects valve V31, and V25 connects vacuum pipe;
Three grades of absorbing unit: V31 are by four-way connection Bonding pressure transmitter P3, a valve V32 and three grades of adsorption column C3, the outlet of C3 is through connecting valve V33, V34, V35 by a four-way connection after filtrator, V32 connects the outlet of gas mass flow controller MFC3, the entrance of MFC3 connects carrier gas channel, V34 connects valve V41, and V35 connects vacuum pipe;
Level Four absorbing unit: V41 is by four-way connection Bonding pressure transmitter P4, a valve V42 and level Four adsorption column C4, the outlet of C4 is through connecting valve V43, V44, V45 by a four-way connection after filtrator, V42 connects the outlet of gas mass flow controller MFC4, the entrance of MFC4 connects carrier gas channel, V44 connects miniature diaphragm supercharge pump 4, and V45 connects vacuum pipe;
Source unit processed: barrier film delivery side of pump connects valve V46, V46 is by four-way connection Bonding pressure transmitter P5, a valve V48 and the sample collection bottle 7 with valve V47, and V48 connects vacuum pipe; Vacuum pipe is all connected with vacuum pump 5, and carrier gas channel is all connected with carrier gas steel cylinder 6.
The inventive method: use hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group as air pretreatment device, xenon is tentatively concentrated.Under pressure, absorption, diffusion, the infiltration rate difference of various gas in hollow-fibre membrane, infiltration rate large as O
2, CO
2, H
2o etc. are enriched in low pressure outside, infiltration rate little as N
2, Xe etc. is enriched in inside high pressure, thereby realize the separation of mixed gas.Air pretreatment device can provide pressure 700kPa, flow to be not less than 40L/min, dew point lower than-50 DEG C of Td, O
2content is less than 0.1%, CO
2content is less than the source of the gas that 40ppm, Xe content are greater than 0.14ppm.Select 14~25 object cocoanut active charcoals, as the adsorbent of adsorption columns at different levels, (10~30 DEG C) adsorbs xenon at normal temperatures, at high temperature (200~300 DEG C) desorption xenon, carrier gas is nitrogen or helium.In source procedure processed, use miniature diaphragm supercharge pump, level Four adsorption column desorption xenon out, transfers in sample collection bottle through membrane pump.Enrichment factor to xenon is greater than 2.5 × 10
5, the decontamination factor of radon is greater than 1 × 10
5, efficient sampling volume can be greater than to 50m
3airborne xenon (volume fraction 8.7 × 10
-8), separation and concentration is the sample (xenon concentration is greater than 2.5%) of volume 150ml.
The principle of the invention:
Air is through the processing of hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group, by activated-charcoal column at normal temperatures (10~30 DEG C) adsorb xenon wherein; Use the xenon in condensed air remove other impurity step by step of 4 grades of active carbon adsorption columns altogether, activated-charcoal columns at different levels all adsorb at normal temperatures to xenon, and under high temperature, (200~300 DEG C) carry out desorption; Use the parallel one-level adsorption column Ca1 of two covers and alternately sampling of Cb1, the saturated rear switching Cb1 of Ca1 absorption adsorbs, Ca1 carries out desorption and regeneration simultaneously, after Cb1 absorption is saturated, switching Ca1 adsorbs again, Cb1 carries out desorption and regeneration simultaneously, repeatedly carry out, ensure the uninterrupted continuously of one-level adsorption process.
The course of work of the present invention:
According to the annexation shown in Fig. 1, set up the continuous sampling system of normal temperature enrichment xenon in atmosphere.
Wherein: one-level absorption column length 3m, internal diameter 59mm, the long series winding of available 3 1m, the every heating rod that interpolation power is 1.2kW; Secondary absorption column length 1m, internal diameter 28mm, the heating rod that interpolation power is 800W; Three grades of absorption column length 300mm, internal diameter 22mm, the heating rod that interpolation power is 500W; Level Four absorption column length 150mm, internal diameter 10mm, the well heater that exterior power is 200W.Filling 14~25 order cocoanut active charcoals.Carrier gas is nitrogen or helium.
Preliminary work:
Before sampling, need to carry out heat-activated to the acticarbon loading in adsorption columns at different levels, be beneficial to the enrichment of activated charcoal to xenon in air.Concrete grammar is:
Open vacuum pump and valve Va15, Vb15, V25, V35, V45, adsorption columns at different levels are vacuumized, to pressure Pa 1, Pb1, P2, the equal < 1kPa of P3, P4.Open the well heater on adsorption columns at different levels, be warmed up to 200 DEG C and keep 30min after stop heating, stop vacuumizing after being down to 30 DEG C of <, close vacuum pump and all valves.The flow of setting mass flow controller MFC2, MFC3, MFC4 is respectively 200,35,20mL/min, opens MFC2, MFC3, MFC4 and valve V22, V32, V42, V21, V3, Va14, Vb14, adds carrier gas protection.When after pressure Pa 1, Pb1, P2, the equal > 110kPa of P3, P4, close all mass flow controllers and valve.
Operation steps:
(1) air pretreatment
Open air pretreatment unit, by regulating the needle-valve openings of sizes of endpiece inside hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group high pressure, the gas production rate of controlling diaphragm group and pressure, thus regulate air pretreatment unit to foreign gas O
2, CO
2, H
2the removal degree of O and the pre-concentration degree of object gas Xe, make it reach pressure>=700kPa, flow>=40L/min, dew point≤-50 DEG C Td, O
2content≤0.1%, CO
2content≤40ppm, Xe content>=0.14ppm.
(2) one-level adsorption column Ca1 enrichment
The flow of setting mass flow controller MFC0 is 40L/min, and the discharge pressure of pressure controller PC is 700kPa, opens MFC0, PC and valve V0, Va11, Va13, and by one-level adsorption column, Ca1 samples, and stops sampling, valve-off Va11, Va13 after 3h.Open valve Vb11, Vb13, be switched to one-level adsorption column Cb1 sampling.
(3) one-level adsorption column Ca1 desorption purifying
The flow of setting mass flow controller MFC1 is 900mL/min, opens MFC1 and valve Va12, Va14, V2, and opens the well heater on one-level adsorption column Ca1, when being warming up to valve-off V2 after 130 DEG C.Open valve V3, V21, V23, one-level adsorption column Ca1 is heated to 300 DEG C and keep 30min, close MFC1 and valve Va12, Va14, V3, V21.Stop heating one-level adsorption column Ca1, be cooled to 30 DEG C of <.This process makes the xenon of desorption in one-level adsorption column Ca1 be transferred to secondary absorption post C2.
(4) secondary absorption post C2 desorption purifying
Open MFC2 and valve V22, open the well heater on secondary absorption post C2 simultaneously, when being warming up to valve-off V23 after 130 DEG C.Open valve V24, V31, V33, two adsorption column C2 are heated to 300 DEG C and keep 30min, close MFC2 and valve V22, V24, V31, V33.Stop heating secondary absorption post C2, be cooled to 30 DEG C of <.This process makes the xenon of desorption in secondary absorption post C2 be transferred to three grades of adsorption column C3.
(5) one-level adsorption column Cb1 enrichment
After one-level adsorption column Cb1 sampling 3h, stop sampling, valve-off Vb11, Vb13.Open valve Va11, Va13, be switched to one-level adsorption column Ca1 sampling.
(6) one-level adsorption column Cb1 desorption purifying
Open MFC1 and valve Vb12, Vb14, V2, and open the well heater on one-level adsorption column Cb1, when being warming up to valve-off V2 after 130 DEG C.Open valve V3, V21, V23, one-level adsorption column Cb1 is heated to 300 DEG C and keep 30min, close MFC1 and valve Vb12, Vb14, V3, V21.Stop heating one-level adsorption column Cb1, be cooled to 30 DEG C of <.This process makes the xenon of desorption in one-level adsorption column Cb1 be transferred to secondary absorption post C2.
Repeating step (4), makes the xenon of desorption in secondary absorption post C2 be transferred to three grades of adsorption column C3.
Repeat aforementioned all processes 1 time, total is carried out step (2), (3), (5), (6) each 2 times, step (4) totally 4 times, carrying out one-level adsorption column Ca1 and Cb1 samples each 2 times, shift each 2 times to secondary absorption post C2, C2 shifts 4 times to three grades of adsorption column C3.
(7) three grades of adsorption column C3 desorption purifying
Open MFC3 and valve V32, V33, open the well heater of three grades of adsorption column C3 simultaneously, when being warming up to valve-off V33 after 130 DEG C.Open valve V34, V41, V43, three grades of adsorption column C3 are heated to 300 DEG C and keep 15min by 130 DEG C, close MFC3 and valve V32, V34, V41, V43.Stop heating three grades of adsorption column C3, be cooled to 30 DEG C of <.This process makes the xenon of desorption in three grades of adsorption column C3 be transferred to level Four adsorption column C4.
Repeat aforementioned all processes 1 time, total is carried out step (2), (3), (5), (6) each 4 times, step (4) totally 8 times, step (7) totally 2 times, carrying out one-level adsorption column Ca1 and Cb1 samples each 4 times, shift each 4 times to secondary absorption post C2, C2 shifts 8 times to three grades of adsorption column C3, and C3 is to level Four adsorption column C4 transferase 12.
(8) level Four adsorption column C4 desorption, source processed
Open vacuum pump and valve V48, V47, sample collection bottle is vacuumized, to pressure P 5 < 1kPa, valve-off V47, V48 and vacuum pump.Open the well heater of level Four adsorption column C4, be warming up to 200 DEG C and keep 5min, open valve V44, V46, V47 and membrane pump, while no longer rising to P5 value, close membrane pump.Open MFC4 and valve V42, while being about 100kPa to pressure P 4 values, valve-off V42, open membrane pump, while no longer rising to P5 value, close membrane pump, this process repeatedly, while being about 100kPa, closes the well heater of membrane pump, MFC4, C4 and valve V44, V46, V47 to P5 value.Open valve V45, keep 200 DEG C of 30min of level Four adsorption column C4 temperature.Valve-off V45, stops heating level Four adsorption column C4, is cooled to 30 DEG C of <.This process is sample collection bottle source procedure processed.
In sample collection bottle, concentrated xenon sample is sent to and is carried out that radioactive xenon isotope is measured and total xenon concentration is measured, and obtains radioactivity and total xenon amount of xenon isotope in sample, and then calculates the activity concentration of radioactive xenon isotope in got surrounding air.
Sample collection bottle is the steel cylinder of volume 150ml, and the concentration of xenon approximately 3.3% (v/v) in sample is obtained the about 5ml of total xenon amount (mark condition), effectively the about 57m of air sampling volume
3, the enrichment times of xenon is greater than to 3.5 × 10
5.
Aforementioned process is that the sampling process of a 24h adds follow-up concentrated, source processed and measuring process, according to this method operation, can realize long-term, serial sampling monitoring to radioactivity rare gas xenon in surrounding air.
Apparatus of the present invention hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group used can adopt prompt energy film (Generon); Also can adopt the disclosed hollow-fibre membrane nitrogen making machine of the patent No. 200720094935.6 to realize.
This method has been used to develop fixed station atmosphere xenon sampler, serves the study on monitoring of atmosphere nuclear environment and prohibits core examination nucleic and verify research.
Claims (4)
1. a normal temperature enrichment sampling method for xenon in atmosphere, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: 1] air pretreatment:
Adopt hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group to carry out pre-service to air, remove airborne O
2, CO
2and H
2o, and tentatively concentrated xenon;
2] level Four activated charcoal adsorption/desorption step by step:
The charcoal absorption desorption unit that adopts four cascades xenon in condensed air remove other impurity step by step; Described adsorption temp is 10~30 DEG C, and desorption temperature is 200~300 DEG C; First order adsorption column is warming up to after 130 DEG C, its desorption gas to second level adsorption column shift absorption, be heated to 300 DEG C and keep 30min after stop; Second level adsorption column is warming up to after 130 DEG C, its desorption gas to third level adsorption column shift absorption, be heated to 300 DEG C and keep 30min after stop; Third level adsorption column is warming up to after 130 DEG C, its desorption gas to fourth stage adsorption column shift absorption, be heated to 300 DEG C and keep 15min after stop; Described adsorption/desorption unit is active carbon adsorption column;
3] sample collection:
Afterbody adsorption column desorption xenon is out transferred to sample collection bottle through barrier film supercharging, completes collection.
2. the normal temperature enrichment sampling method of xenon in atmosphere according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the acticarbon loading in first to adsorption columns at different levels before adsorption/desorption sampling carries out heat-activated.
3. the normal temperature enrichment sampling method of xenon in atmosphere according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described first order adsorption column is the active carbon adsorption column of two cover parallel connections, and two covers active carbon adsorption column in parallel is realized alternately adsorption and desorption by valve.
4. the normal temperature enrichment sampling method of xenon in atmosphere according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: adopt hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group to carry out preliminary concentrated step to airborne xenon and be specially: by pressurized air by hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group, utilize the rate of diffusion difference of each component in hollowfibre semi-permeable membrance group, separation and the preliminary of airborne xenon of realizing each component in air concentrate.
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