CN1023595C - Electrospark lapping and polishing method and equipment thereof by using ultrasonic vibration - Google Patents
Electrospark lapping and polishing method and equipment thereof by using ultrasonic vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN1023595C CN1023595C CN 91107366 CN91107366A CN1023595C CN 1023595 C CN1023595 C CN 1023595C CN 91107366 CN91107366 CN 91107366 CN 91107366 A CN91107366 A CN 91107366A CN 1023595 C CN1023595 C CN 1023595C
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- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for grinding and polishing electric sparks by using ultrasonic vibration, and a device thereof. In the method of the present invention, electric sparks are processed by using the expansion and contraction of an ultrasonic transducer, and the electric sparks stop processing only when a tool and a workpiece are short-circuited. The device of the present invention comprises a narrow-pulse and broad-pulse generator of low voltage and constant current, an ultrasonic wave generator and a short circuit controller. A short circuit control signal stops pulse by using the cycle or the amplitude value of an ultrasonic signal only when an electrode is in contact with the workpiece. Therefore, the work efficiency is increased, the short circuit is prevented, and the surface quality of the workpiece is increased; in addition, the method and the device of the present invention can be widely used for grinding and polishing moulds made from conductive materials, such as carbon steel, alloy steel, hard alloy, etc.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of grinding and polishing method by electric spark and equipment that utilizes ultrasonic vibration, belong to electric spark machining field, be applicable to mould grinding and polishing that carbon steel, steel alloy, carbide alloy and other conductive material are made.
In mould was made, grinding and polishing were one of main operations.At present, use whole grinding tool or disperse the ultrasonic wave polishing grinding equipment of abrasive material, shortened grinding and polishing man-hour, the final roughness of workpiece is dropped in the Ra0.1 μ m.But ultrasonic wave processing has higher productivity to fragile material, and very low for the metal and the alloy working (machining) efficiency thereof of toughness.In order to improve the efficient of grinding and polishing rough surface, the present invention proposes a kind of grinding and polishing method by electric spark and equipment that utilizes ultrasonic vibration, come the ablation metal workpiece with spark discharge, reach the purpose of grinding-polishing.Utilize the method for ultrasonic vibration to have following three kinds in the spark machined at present:
1. the discharge between tool-electrode and the workpiece is kept by the gap servo control device, and the supersonic frequency vibration of tool-electrode only plays the stirring working media, promotes the effect of chip removal.This method only is applied in micro-hole electric spark processing and forming or the Wire-cut Electrical Discharge Machining.For processing and forming, its machined electrode will be similar in appearance to the shape of being processed.
2. make tool-electrode supersonic frequency vibration, and contact workpiece periodically, when distance between electrode and the workpiece is in arcing distance, produce spark discharge ablation workpiece.When this method contacts with workpiece when electrode,, even can produce the fault of burning at surface of the work because no short circuit control will be flow through bigger short circuit current.
3. adopt the modulation circuit of supersonic frequency signal controlling pulse generation, these visible application for a patent for invention 87101455 compound processing method of electric spark and ultrasonic wave, its processing method is: add abrasive material between instrument and workpiece, instrument produces the supersonic frequency vibration, instrument carries out spark discharge when shortening, and carries out simple ultrasonic wave processing when instrument extends.The characteristics of this method are: in each supersonic frequency vibration period T, 1/2T is used for spark machined, and 1/2T carries out simple ultrasonic wave processing in addition, can be used for the processing of polycrystalline diamond material.When the workpiece to be machined material is the metal of toughness and alloy thereof, be simple ultrasonic wave processing because half the time is arranged, working (machining) efficiency is still lower.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of ultrasonic vibration that utilizes, without the discharging gap servomechanism installation, do not add abrasive material, can contact with workpiece and high efficiency grinding and polishing method by electric spark and equipment that the short circuit that produces is controlled ultrasonic vibration period T internal cause tool-electrode at machining gap.
Processing method of the present invention, its step be, adds liquid-working-medium between tool-electrode and workpiece to be machined, then repeats following process: tool-electrode is shortened with respect to workpiece with ultrasonic transducer form the gap; In the gap, add the spark discharge pulse and produce spark discharge ablation surface of the work; Tool-electrode is with ultrasonic transducer elongation stopping electric spark pulse dispensing, it is characterized in that, wherein said electric spark pulse dispensing is to utilize the supersonic frequency signal to make the electric spark pulse in the ultrasonic vibration cycle, stops to export discharge pulse till the tool-electrode retraction leaves workpiece formation discharging gap when transducer is elongated to the moment that tool-electrode is about to contact before producing short circuit with workpiece.
Processing method of the present invention adopts following method enforcement, and the supersonic frequency electric oscillation of ultrasonic generator output is converted to the supersonic frequency mechanical oscillation by transducer, makes the instrument that connects on it produce elongation and shortening; Simultaneously with the supersonic frequency signal controlling short circuit controller of ultrasonic generator output, produce the short circuit control signal, make the electric spark impulse generator in greater than the time in 1/2nd supersonic frequency cycles, export pulse, and stop to export discharge pulse in the moment that tool-electrode is about to contact before producing short circuit with workpiece.
Equipment scheme of the present invention is: by the supersonic frequency oscillator through buffer, the ultrasonic power amplifier is connected resonant tank and forms a supersonic generator with impedance matching box, and by ultrasonic transducer, the supersonic frequency vibrational system that luffing bar and tool-electrode are formed, and by master-oscillator, the impulse waveform synthesizer, impulse controller, the electric spark impulse generator that pulse preamplifier and pulse power amplifier are formed is formed, wherein tool-electrode and workpiece are staggered relatively, the output and the tool-electrode of this electric spark impulse generator join, another output and workpiece join, it is characterized in that, the input of described impulse controller is connected with one can make discharge pulse export in the cycle in the ultrasonic vibration greater than 1/2nd, the i.e. short circuit controller that stops to export in tool-electrode and moment before workpiece contacts, this short circuit controller are what to be subjected to from the period T control of the supersonic frequency signal that impedance matching box took out in the described supersonic generator.
The embodiment of the invention is further specified in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the functional-block diagram of present device;
Fig. 2 is first kind of short circuit controller composition frame chart;
Fig. 3 is the signal waveforms of first kind of short circuit controller;
Fig. 4 is second kind of short circuit controller circuitry schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is second kind of short circuit controller signals oscillogram;
Fig. 6 is the pulse power amplifier circuit theory diagrams.
By shown in Figure 1, supersonic frequency oscillator 1 generation centre frequency is the electric oscillation between the 20KHZ to 40KHZ, be added on the ultrasonic transducer 6 through buffer 2, ultrasonic power amplifier 3, impedance matching box 4 and resonant tank 5, make the supersonic frequency electric oscillation convert the mechanical oscillation of same frequency to.Amplify tool electrode 8 vibrations of starting building of amplitude pushers through luffing bar 7 again.Simultaneously, it is the pulse of 100KHZ to 200KHZ that the master-oscillator 10 of impulse generator produces frequency, the pulsewidth that is transformed into same frequency through pulse waveform synthesizer 11 is the burst pulse of 0.2 μ s to 4.0 μ s, by the output-controlled composition burst pulse of impulse controller 12, export discharge pulse to the discharging gap of forming by tool-electrode 8 and workpiece to be machined 15 then through pulse preamplifier 13 and pulse power amplifier 14.Simultaneously, supersonic frequency vibration signal by impedance matching box 4 or resonant tank 5 outputs is transformed into and the synchronous control signal of supersonic frequency vibration through short circuit controller 9, with this signal controlling impulse controller 12, discharge pulse was exported in the time greater than 1/2T, and stop output in electrode and moment before workpiece contacts, thereby both improved the efficient of electric spark grinding polishing, prevented to occur short circuit current again.Supersonic generator can be an auto-excitation type, also can be separated exciting.The frequency of generator can be taked manual adjustments, also can be from motion tracking.The present invention takes the separated exciting supersonic generator of automatic frequency tracking, and power output is 10-50W.
Shown in Figure 2, the short circuit controller 9 of first kind of scheme is formed by connecting by two-stage time delay monostable circuit 16,17, supersonic frequency rectangular wave period T control short circuit controller by impedance matching box 4 outputs, make the time of origin of control signal of short circuit controller 9 output corresponding with period T, with this signal controlling impulse controller 12 with width.Fig. 3 is its oscillogram, by the signal Vin of impedance matching box 4 output through time delay monostable circuit 16 delay time t
1, and make t
1Satisfy 0＜t
1＜1/4T obtains signal V1, and signal V1 is again through time delay monostable circuit 17 delay time t
0, and make t
0Satisfy 1/4T-t
1＜t
0＜T/2-t
1Controlled signal V
0, by signal V
0Come control impuls controller 12, make at t
0Stop to export discharge pulse in time.Suitably select delay time t
1And t
0, it is preceding instantaneous just at t that tool-electrode is contacted with workpiece
0In time, avoided short circuit current flow between tool-electrode and workpiece, and as long as t
1＞0, just can make t
0＜T/2 also promptly is implemented in the time greater than 1/2T and exports discharge pulse.
Second kind of scheme short circuit controller 9 shown in Figure 4 is by diode D
1, resistance R
1And capacitor C
1The peak value measurement loop that constitutes is through R
2And R
3The bleeder circuit of forming is connected input resistance R with the in-phase end of voltage comparator ic
4Connect to form with the end of oppisite phase of voltage comparator ic.Input resistance R
4Be connected with the end of oppisite phase of IC, the peak value measurement loop is through R
2And R
3Bleeder circuit be connected with the IC in-phase end.By the amplitude control short circuit controller of the supersonic frequency first-harmonic Vin of resonant tank 5 output, make the time of origin of control signal of short circuit controller output corresponding with the amplitude of supersonic frequency first-harmonic with width, come control impuls controller 12 with this signal.Fig. 5 is its oscillogram.The sine voltage Vin of resonant tank 5 outputs is through diode D
1, resistance R
1And capacitor C
1The peak value measurement loop that constitutes obtains the crest voltage of Vin, again through R
2, R
3Dividing potential drop obtains V
1Voltage input voltage comparator IC in-phase end as a comparison, voltage Vin is also through resistance R
4Be input to the end of oppisite phase of IC.When the input voltage of end of oppisite phase is lower than V
1The time, voltage comparator ic output V
0Be high level, control impuls controller 12 makes discharge pulse output.When the end of oppisite phase input voltage is higher than V
1The time, IC exports V
0Be low level, make discharge pulse stop output.According to above-mentioned principle, tool-electrode instantaneous before contacting with workpiece must occur in low level time t
0In.Regulate resistance R
2, change comparative voltage V
1Value makes t
0Satisfy t
0＜1/2T can realize making the electric spark impulse generator export discharge pulse in the time greater than 1/2T with supersonic frequency fundamental voltage amplitude control short circuit controller.
Pulse power amplifier is by shown in Figure 6, and FET is the MOS power tube among the figure, and this power tube is operated in linear amplification region, has constant-current characteristics.R
5Be source negative feedback resistance.Resistance R
6And capacitor C
2Form the capacitance-resistance absorption circuit.Resistance R
7With diode D
2Form discharging gap negative wave absorption circuit, E is the dc source of pulse power amplifier, and its voltage is between 30V-40V.Because the power amplifier that the present invention adopts is operated in linear amplification region, has constant-current characteristics, and employing low-voltage dc power supply, high-tension colelctor electrode or drain electrode output loop with available technology adopting, perhaps emitter-base bandgap grading or source electrode output loop are compared, improved the power of power amplifier significantly, reduced requirement of withstand voltage, improved processing characteristics and functional reliability, processing safety power tube.Particularly when certain accidentalia causes tool-electrode and workpiece short circuit, the pulse current value of the peak value of its short circuit current during also with operate as normal is identical, has further prevented to have improved suface processing quality because of short circuit current produces blemish.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1. the fault control device has prevented the generation of short circuit current effectively, therefore do not need to adopt the spark gap servo-control system, just can stably carry out spark machined, prevent burned work-surface, make the present invention both can be used for mechanically operated grinding polissoir, also can be used for manual grinding polissoir.
2. owing to adopted the fault control device, realized in the time greater than 1/2nd supersonic frequency vibration period T, carrying out spark machined, namely when shortening and extend, ultrasonic transducer all can carry out electric spark grinding, thereby the efficient of grinding quenching steel improved work efficiency more than 1/3rd than only processing when ultrasonic transducer shortens, and needn't add the diamond abrasive of costliness in the machining area. Use the grinding efficiency of diamond solid tool high one to two times than existing ultrasonic polishing machine, so highly beneficial for the metal works processing of the high rigidity that is difficult to use ultrasonic grinding, toughness.
3. owing to needn't add abrasive material, need not clean workpiece when electrical guiding rule is changed, the profiles such as the complicated chamber of grinding, narrow groove, deep hole are more convenient.
4. the tool-electrode of simple form shape comes the processed complex profile between can adopting that the conductive material such as brass makes, and it is very easy that tool-electrode is made and revised, and the loss of electrode is very little to the machining accuracy impact, can the above narrow groove of the dark 30mm of the wide 1mm of grinding.
5. utilize existing supersonic generator of this equipment and vibrational system behind the electric spark grinding again, use the instrument of simple shape to carry out simple ultrasonic wave grinding, roughness is reduced in the Ra0.1 μ m.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of grinding and polishing method by electric spark that utilizes ultrasonic vibration, its step be, adds liquid-working-medium between tool-electrode and workpiece to be machined, then repeats following process: tool-electrode is shortened with respect to workpiece with ultrasonic transducer form the gap; In the gap, add electric gunpowder discharge pulse and produce spark discharge ablation surface of the work; Tool-electrode is with ultrasonic transducer elongation stopping electric spark pulse dispensing, it is characterized in that, wherein said electric spark pulse dispensing is to utilize the supersonic frequency signal to make the electric spark pulse in the ultrasonic vibration cycle, stops to export discharge pulse till the tool-electrode retraction leaves workpiece formation discharging gap when transducer is elongated to the moment that tool-electrode is about to contact before producing short circuit with workpiece.
2, a kind of electric spark grinding polissoir that utilizes ultrasonic vibration, it is through buffer (2) by supersonic frequency oscillator (1), ultrasonic power amplifier (3) is connected resonant tank (5) with impedance matching box (4) and forms a supersonic generator, and by ultrasonic transducer (6), the supersonic frequency vibrational system that luffing bar (7) and tool-electrode (8) are formed, and by master-oscillator (10), impulse waveform synthesizer (11), impulse controller (12), the electric spark impulse generator that pulse preamplifier (13) and pulse power amplifier (14) are formed is formed, wherein tool-electrode (8) is staggered relatively with workpiece (15), the output and the tool-electrode (8) of this electric spark impulse generator join, another output and workpiece (15) join, it is characterized in that, the input of described impulse controller (12) is connected with one can make discharge pulse export in the cycle in the ultrasonic vibration greater than 1/2nd, the i.e. short circuit controller (9) that stops to export in tool-electrode and moment before workpiece contacts, this short circuit controller (9) are the period T control that is subjected to the supersonic frequency signal that taken out from the impedance matching box in the described supersonic generator (4).
3, a kind of electric spark grinding polissoir that utilizes ultrasonic vibration according to claim 2, it is characterized in that wherein said short circuit controller (9) can also be the fundamental voltage amplitude control of the supersonic frequency signal got by the resonant tank in the described supersonic generator (5).
4, a kind of electric spark grinding polissoir that utilizes ultrasonic vibration according to claim 2 is characterized in that wherein said short circuit controller (9) is formed by connecting by the two-stage time delay monostable circuit.
5, according to the described a kind of electric spark grinding polissoir that utilizes ultrasonic vibration of claim 3, it is characterized in that wherein said short circuit controller (9) also can be by diode D
1, resistance R
1And capacitor C
1The peak value measurement loop of forming is through resistance R
2And R
3Bleeder circuit is connected with the in-phase end of voltage comparator ic, input resistance R
4Connect to form with the end of oppisite phase of voltage comparator ic.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91107366 CN1023595C (en) | 1991-04-13 | 1991-04-13 | Electrospark lapping and polishing method and equipment thereof by using ultrasonic vibration |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91107366 CN1023595C (en) | 1991-04-13 | 1991-04-13 | Electrospark lapping and polishing method and equipment thereof by using ultrasonic vibration |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1054927A CN1054927A (en) | 1991-10-02 |
| CN1023595C true CN1023595C (en) | 1994-01-26 |
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ID=4908712
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91107366 Expired - Fee Related CN1023595C (en) | 1991-04-13 | 1991-04-13 | Electrospark lapping and polishing method and equipment thereof by using ultrasonic vibration |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1023595C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1060423C (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 2001-01-10 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Repairing method for tools and dies and repairing machine |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103273204A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-09-04 | 宣浩 | Electric spark overlay welding method |
| CN103752989B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2016-01-20 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | A kind of hand-held high speed arc spraying process equipment and method |
| CN111360255B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2022-04-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Integrated processing system and processing method for conductive material |
| CN116652799B (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2024-03-29 | 江苏春海电热合金制造有限公司 | Polishing device for production and processing of resistance wire |
-
1991
- 1991-04-13 CN CN 91107366 patent/CN1023595C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1060423C (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 2001-01-10 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Repairing method for tools and dies and repairing machine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1054927A (en) | 1991-10-02 |
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