CN102359455A - Centrifugal compressor casing - Google Patents

Centrifugal compressor casing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102359455A
CN102359455A CN2011103748595A CN201110374859A CN102359455A CN 102359455 A CN102359455 A CN 102359455A CN 2011103748595 A CN2011103748595 A CN 2011103748595A CN 201110374859 A CN201110374859 A CN 201110374859A CN 102359455 A CN102359455 A CN 102359455A
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mentioned
parts
air inlet
inlet component
gas
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CN102359455B (en
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河田真广
若林拓也
小野海士
前田智久
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IHI rotary machinery engineering of Ko
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IHI Corp
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a centrifugal compressor casing (10), wherein an annular space (14) which is formed by an air inlet component (12) and a scroll component (17) and surrounds the air suction gateway (13) in the centrifugal compressor casing (10). In the air inlet component (12), more than two positions which are more adjacent to the upstream side of the air flow than the centrifugal impeller (5) and are provided with pressure difference are formed with a communicating path (15) which communicates the air suction gateway (13) with an annular space (14).

Description

Centrifugal compressor casing
Technical field
The housing of the centrifugal compressor of the present invention relates to a kind of compression that in various process plants etc., is used for gas, supplying gas.
Background technique
Fig. 1 is a sectional drawing of representing an example of centrifugal compressor casing 40 in the past.
This housing 40 possesses: constitute to surround a part that gas sucks wall portion and this wall portion of path 43 is formed with vortex chamber 46 with the opposed air inlet component 42 of blade of centrifugal impeller 48 with air inlet component 42 bindings and in inside scroll element 45.
Vortex chamber 46 is the spaces that import the ring-type of the gas 1 that is compressed by centrifugal impeller 48.Between the outlet of centrifugal impeller 48 and vortex chamber 46, be formed with diffusion portion 47 from the gas 1 guiding vortex chamber 46 of centrifugal impeller 48.
Periphery at air inlet component 42 is formed with annular recessed portion 42a; Through air inlet component 42 and scroll element 45 are connected will be above-mentioned annular recessed portion 42a closed, thereby form the annulus 44 that surrounds gas suction path 43 across the wall portion of air inlet component 42 annularly.Under atmospheric pressure be full of air in the annulus 44.Seal airtightly by sealed member 50 between air inlet component 42 and the scroll element 45.
In the centrifugal compressor that possesses above-mentioned housing 40; If drive centrifugal impeller 48 rotations; Then the gas 1 of compressed object imports path 43 through gas; Sucked and discharge to the radial direction outside by centrifugal impeller 48, through being slowed down pressurization and import to vortex chamber 46 in the process of diffusion portion 47, never illustrated discharge portion discharges.
In the running of such centrifugal compressor, gas sucks the increased pressure of path 43, but also remains barometric pressure in the above-mentioned annulus 44, in two spaces, produces pressure difference.Therefore, need to suppress because the distortion of the air inlet component 42 that this pressure difference causes.Therefore need to increase the intensity of air inlet component 42, pressure difference is big more, just need make air inlet component 42 be the parts of high-intensity material more, and needs the thickening wall thickness.Therefore, exist manufacture cost to uprise, the problem that weight increases.
In addition, compressed gas 1 becomes high temperature, because air inlet component 42 is by this high-temperature gas heating, so on air inlet component 42, thermal distortion can take place.This thermal distortion makes the bottom clearance (gaps that the blade of centrifugal impeller 48 and air inlet component are 42) of centrifugal impeller 48 and the change width of diffusion portion 47, causes that performance reduces.In addition, in the design of compressor housing, set above-mentioned bottom clearance, increase and problem that the effectiveness of performance of compressor descends so exist to make from the leakage loss in gap because the amount of also additional heat distortion.
On the other hand, in following patent documentation 1, proposed stiffening element is being set on the housing, under high temp/high pressure, is suppressing the technology of the distortion of housing, but had with to increase stiffening element corresponding the problem of manufacture cost and weight increase.
In addition; In following patent documentation 2; Thereby proposed in the part suitable, to make cooling fluid flow and suppressed to be equivalent to the technology of thermal distortion of the cover barrel shell of air inlet component 42, but the mechanism's (pump, pipe arrangement etc.) that supplies with cooling fluid must be set and the problem that exists manufacture cost to increase with the annulus of Fig. 1 44.
In addition; In following patent documentation 3; The stream, the utilization that have proposed in housing, to be provided with gas flow make housing distortion suppress the technology of amount of deformation based on the temperature variation of passing through of fluid; But the sensor that detects amount of deformation must be set, the heat exchanger of the temperature of control fluid and control gear thereof etc. and the problem that exists manufacture cost to increase.
In addition; In following patent documentation 4; Proposed through annular plate is set at diffusion portion place, thereby even holding member, secure component etc. also remain certain technology with the width of diffusion portion with air inlet component 42 suitable the 1st wall portions distortion of Fig. 1 at interval, but exist components number to increase significantly and construct the problem of complicacy and manufacture cost increase that becomes.
Patent documentation 1: specially permit communique No. 3603911
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens flat 2-233900 communique
Patent documentation 3: the spy opens the 2005-42612 communique
Patent documentation 4: special fair 5-20597 communique
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in view of the above problems and proposes that its purpose is to provide a kind of centrifugal compressor casing, be not provided with special device can suppress air inlet component because distortion and the thermal distortion that pressure difference causes.
For addressing the above problem, centrifugal compressor casing of the present invention adopts following mechanism.
The present invention is a kind of centrifugal compressor casing; Surround centrifugal impeller; And the gas that is formed with to above-mentioned centrifugal impeller guiding gas in inside sucks path and imports by the vortex chamber of the ring-type of the gas of impeller compression; Possess and constitute to surround a part that above-mentioned gas sucks wall portion and this wall portion of path is formed with above-mentioned vortex chamber with the opposed air inlet component of blade of above-mentioned centrifugal impeller with this air inlet component binding and in inside scroll element; Utilize above-mentioned air inlet component and above-mentioned scroll element to form and surround the annulus that above-mentioned gas sucks path annularly; It is characterized in that on above-mentioned air inlet component, the position more than two places that have pressure difference that compare with above-mentioned centrifugal impeller at the upstream side of gas flow forms and is communicated with the access that above-mentioned gas sucks path and above-mentioned annulus.
According to above-mentioned centrifugal compressor casing, in air inlet component, form to be communicated with the access that gas sucks path and annulus, so the pressure difference that gas sucks path and annulus diminishes, the distortion of the air inlet component that causes owing to pressure difference diminishes.In addition, pressure difference relaxes, its result, and the wall thickness of air inlet component can attenuate, therefore can lightweight and can enough low-cost manufacturings.In addition, preceding gas flows in the annulus unceasingly because temperature rises, thus have the effect of cooling air inlet component, so can be less with the thermal deformation suppressing of air inlet component.
Thus, can suppress because therefore distortion and the thermal distortion that the pressure difference of air inlet component causes can suppress the bottom clearance of centrifugal impeller and the variable quantity of diffusion portion width for less.Thereby, can not cause the reduction of performance.
In addition, access is arranged on the position of comparing with centrifugal impeller more than two places upstream side, that have pressure difference of gas flow, so the air in the annulus can be promptly by gas displacement.Thereby, be under the situation of the gas beyond the air at using gases, the air in the on-stream annulus can not continue to flow into and influences the purity of gas to compressor inside.
And then the effect of the mitigation of above-mentioned pressure difference and the cooling of air inlet component does not need special device and control, can automatically carry out.
In addition, in the above-mentioned centrifugal compressor casing, the above position, two places that have pressure difference that is provided with above-mentioned access is the different above position, two places of the internal diameter of above-mentioned air inlet component.
In addition; In above-mentioned centrifugal compressor casing; Above-mentioned gas sucks path and is provided with the inlet guide vane that is used to control inlet capacity, and the above position, two places that have pressure difference that is provided with above-mentioned access is the forward-and-rearward position of above-mentioned inlet guide vane.
If the above position, two places that the internal diameter of air inlet component is different; Then owing to current difference produces pressure difference; In sucking path, be provided for controlling under the situation of inlet guide vane of inlet capacity; If the forward-and-rearward position of inlet guide vane is then owing to the pressure loss based on inlet guide vane produces pressure difference.Thereby the position more than two places of such generation pressure difference is provided with access and gets final product.
In addition; In above-mentioned centrifugal compressor casing; Above-mentioned air inlet component comprises the 1st parts and the 2nd parts that axially link in upright arrangemently; The 2nd component configuration is in the downstream side of the gas flow of above-mentioned the 1st parts, and the boudary portion of above-mentioned the 1st parts and above-mentioned the 2nd parts is in the entrance part place of above-mentioned centrifugal impeller or than above-mentioned centrifugal impeller upstream side more.
Like this, can constitute air inlet component by the 1st parts and the 2nd parts.Thus, the selected scope of the material of the 2nd parts of encirclement centrifugal impeller becomes wide.For example, as the material of the 2nd parts, can be selected in the material that contacts the favourable material in aspect with centrifugal impeller.
In addition; In above-mentioned centrifugal compressor casing; Above-mentioned air inlet component comprises the 1st parts and the 2nd parts of on axle direction, cutting apart across the gap, and the 2nd component configuration is in the downstream side of the gas flow of above-mentioned the 1st parts, works as one of above-mentioned access in above-mentioned gap.
Like this, can enough the 1st parts of on axle direction, cutting apart across the gap and the 2nd parts formation air inlet component.Thus, the selected scope of the material of the 2nd parts of encirclement centrifugal impeller becomes wide.For example, as the material of the 2nd parts, can be selected in the material that contacts the favourable material in aspect with centrifugal impeller.In addition, also can be as constituting in this wise, above-mentioned access is gap (slit).
In addition, in the above-mentioned centrifugal compressor casing, above-mentioned the 2nd parts are constituted by the material of above-mentioned centrifugal impeller cutting by comparing with the 1st parts more easily, and the inner peripheral surface of perhaps above-mentioned the 2nd parts is formed by above-mentioned material.
In addition, in above-mentioned centrifugal compressor casing, above-mentioned the 2nd parts contact also not fire-hazardous material with centrifugal impeller and constitute by comparing with the 1st parts, and the inner peripheral surface of perhaps above-mentioned the 2nd parts is formed by above-mentioned material.
As described above, the pressure difference of the interior outer room of air inlet component is suppressed for less, therefore also can the lower material of selected material intensity.Thereby, though easily by the material of centrifugal impeller cutting with contact the also not fire-hazardous strength of materials with centrifugal impeller lower, also be favourable as the material of the 2nd parts, can easily use the material of such material as the 2nd parts.
According to centrifugal compressor casing of the present invention, special device is not set, can obtain to suppress because the distortion that the pressure difference of air inlet component causes and the excellent effect of thermal distortion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional drawing of structure of representing an example of centrifugal compressor casing in the past.
Fig. 2 is the sectional drawing of structure of the centrifugal compressor casing of expression the 1st mode of execution of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the sectional drawing of structure of the centrifugal compressor casing of expression the 2nd mode of execution of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the sectional drawing of structure of the centrifugal compressor casing of expression the 3rd mode of execution of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the sectional drawing of structure of the centrifugal compressor casing of expression the 4th mode of execution of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below, specify preferred implementation of the present invention according to accompanying drawing.In addition, in each figure,, omit the explanation of repetition for the identical identical reference character of part mark.
The 1st mode of execution
Fig. 2 is the sectional drawing of structure of the centrifugal compressor casing 10 (following abbreviate as sometimes " housing 10 ") of expression the 1st mode of execution of the present invention.
This housing 10 surrounds centrifugal impeller 5, and the gas that is formed with to centrifugal impeller 5 guiding gas 1 in inside sucks path 13 and imports by the vortex chamber 18 of the ring-type of the gas 1 of centrifugal impeller 5 compressions.The gas 1 of compressed object is the air that in various process plants, uses, oxygen, nitrogen etc., and its kind does not limit especially.
On the back side of centrifugal impeller 5, linking integratedly has the turning axle 3 that connects following scroll element 17, by 3 rotations of not shown drive unit driving rotational axle, makes centrifugal impeller 5 rotations thus.
Between turning axle 3 and scroll element 17, dispose the shaft seal 7 that is used to seal, can not spill so that flow into the gas 1 of the back side of centrifugal impeller 5 from the gap between turning axle 3 and the scroll element 17.In addition, turning axle 3 can be integrally formed with centrifugal impeller 5, also can be fixing as utilizing suitable connect mechanism to link after the manufacturing of difference parts.
As shown in Figure 2, housing 10 possesses: constitute to surround a part that gas sucks wall portion and this wall portion of path 13 is formed with vortex chamber 18 with the opposed air inlet component 12 of blade of centrifugal impeller 5 with air inlet component 12 bindings and in inside scroll element 17.Air inlet component 12 links fixing with scroll element 17 by suitable connect mechanisms such as bolts.
Between the outlet of centrifugal impeller 5 and vortex chamber 18, be formed with diffusion portion 19 from the ring-type of the gas 1 guiding vortex chamber 18 of centrifugal impeller 5.
On the periphery of air inlet component 12; Be formed with the annular recessed portion 12a of radial direction outer circumferential side opening; The opening of closed above-mentioned annular recessed portion 12a through air inlet component 12 and scroll element 17 are linked, the wall portion that forms across air inlet component 12 surrounds the annulus 14 that gas sucks path 13 annularly.After the assembling of product, before the running of centrifugal compressor, in annulus 14, under atmospheric state, be full of air.Sealed airtightly by sealed member 20 between air inlet component 12 and the scroll element 17.In this mode of execution, air inlet component 12 to outlet, has the interval that certain interval of interval, internal diameter that internal diameter dwindles and internal diameter enlarge from inlet.
In the centrifugal compressor that possesses above-mentioned housing 10; If drive centrifugal impeller 5 rotations; Then the gas 1 of compressed object imports path through gas 1; Sucked and discharge by centrifugal impeller 5 to the radial direction outside, the pressurization and import of in through the process of 19 ones in diffusion portion, being slowed down to vortex chamber 18, never illustrated discharge portion discharges.
The centrifugal compressor casing 10 of this mode of execution, and then possess following structure.
In air inlet component 12, the position more than two places that have pressure difference that compare the upstream side that more leans on gas flow with centrifugal impeller 5 forms and is communicated with the access 15 that gas sucks path 13 and annulus 14.
This is in mode of execution, and the above position, two places that have pressure difference that is provided with access 15 is the different above position, two places of the internal diameter of air inlet component 12.If the internal diameter different at different position and different then can be owing to current difference produces pressure difference.In Fig. 2; Poroid access 15 is respectively formed at relatively large position of internal diameter and the littler position of internal diameter; The gas 1 that in gas suction path 13, flows at each position is owing to current difference produces pressure difference; The pressure p 1 of the gas 1 that in gas suction path 13, flows at the position that internal diameter is relatively large, the pressure p 2 of the gas 1 that in gas suction path 13, flows at the position more less relatively than internal diameter is big.
And the bearing of trend of access 15 can be that Vertical direction also can be a true dip direction with respect to axle center a.
Centrifugal compressor casing 10 according to said structure; On air inlet component 12, form and be communicated with the access 15 that gas sucks path 13 and annulus 14; Therefore the pressure difference of gas suction path 13 and annulus 14 diminishes, because the distortion of the air inlet component 12 that pressure difference causes diminishes.In addition, pressure difference obtains relaxing, its result, and wall thickness that can attenuate air inlet component 12 therefore can lightweight and can enough low-cost manufacturings.In addition, preceding gas 1 flows in the annulus 14 unceasingly because temperature rises, so have the effect of cooling air inlet component 12, can be less with the thermal deformation suppressing of air inlet component 12 therefore.
Thus, can suppress because therefore distortion and the thermal distortion that the pressure difference of air inlet component 12 causes can suppress the bottom clearance of centrifugal impeller 5 and the variable quantity of diffusion portion 19 width for less.Thereby, can not cause that performance reduces.
In addition, access 15 is arranged on the position more than two places that have pressure difference that compare the upstream side that more leans on gas flow with centrifugal impeller 5, so the air in the annulus 14 is promptly by gas 1 displacement.Thereby, be under the situation of the gas beyond the air at the gas 1 that uses, the air in the on-stream annulus 14 can not flow into and influences the purity of gas 1 to compressor inside unceasingly.
And then the effect of the cooling of the mitigation of above-mentioned pressure difference and air inlet component 12 does not need special device and control, can automatically carry out.
The 2nd mode of execution
Fig. 3 is the sectional drawing of structure of the centrifugal compressor casing 10 of expression the 2nd mode of execution of the present invention.
In this mode of execution, air inlet component 12 comprises the 1st parts 12A and the 2nd parts 12B that axially links in upright arrangemently.The 2nd parts 12B is configured in the downstream side of the gas flow of the 1st parts 12A, and the boudary portion of the 1st parts 12A and the 2nd parts 12B more leans on upstream side in the entrance part place of centrifugal impeller 5 or than centrifugal impeller 5.The 2nd parts 12B is opposed across the blade of set bottom clearance and centrifugal impeller 5.
The 1st parts 12A and the 2nd parts 12B connect airtight in axial end relative to each other, link with the suitable connect mechanism of bolt etc.
Among Fig. 3; The access 15 that forms in the many places that have pressure difference all is arranged on the position of leaning on the upstream side of gas flow than the boundary portion of the 1st parts 12A and the 2nd parts 12B; But (for example according to the position of boundary portion; Position in that boundary portion is represented than Fig. 3 is also leaned under the situation of upstream side), part or all of access 15 also can be arranged on than boundary portion and more lean on the downstream side.
The 2nd parts 12B preferably contacts also not fire-hazardous material with centrifugal impeller 5 and constitutes by comparing with the 1st parts 12A more easily to compare by the material of centrifugal impeller 5 cuttings and with the 1st parts 12A.The inner peripheral surface of perhaps preferred the 2nd parts 12B is made up of such material.
As stated, owing between air inlet component 12 inside and outside, pressure difference is suppressed for less, so can the lower material of selected material strength ratio as the material of the 2nd parts 12B.Therefore, although to contact also the intensity of fire-hazardous material not low by the material of centrifugal impeller 5 cutting and with centrifugal impeller 5 easily, also be favourable as the material of the 2nd parts 12B, can be easy to such material is used as the material of the 2nd parts 12B.
As the material of above-mentioned easy cutting, the synthetic resin of can giving an example, copper (or Cuprum alloy), aluminium (or aluminum alloy), and abradable material etc.Under the situation of using synthetic resin, copper (or Cuprum alloy), aluminium (or aluminum alloy) etc., can form the 2nd parts 12B from body by enough these materials.In addition, the inner peripheral surface that also can be forms the 2nd parts 12B by these materials through the processing of coating and casting etc.
Under the situation of using abradable material, through coating on the inner peripheral surface of the 2nd parts 12B abradable material is arranged, the enough abradable materials of ability form the inner peripheral surface of the 2nd parts 12B.As above-mentioned coating, can give an example spraying plating, plating etc.
As above-mentioned not fire-hazardous material, can give an example silver, copper, nickel and contain these at least a alloy etc.Under the situation of using these materials, can form the 2nd parts 12B from body by enough these materials.In addition, also can form the inner peripheral surface of the 2nd parts 12B by the processing of coating and casting etc. and with these materials.
The structure of other of this mode of execution and effect are identical with above-mentioned the 1st mode of execution.
The 3rd mode of execution
Fig. 4 is the sectional drawing of structure of the centrifugal compressor casing 10 of expression the 3rd mode of execution of the present invention.
In above-mentioned the 1st mode of execution and the 2nd mode of execution, explained that access 15 is poroid examples, explanation access 15 is examples of gap (slit) 15a in this mode of execution.
As shown in Figure 4, in this mode of execution, air inlet component 12 comprises the 1st parts 12A and the 2nd parts 12B of on axle direction, cutting apart across gap 15a.The 2nd parts 12B is configured in the downstream side of the gas flow of the 1st parts 12A, and gap 15a works as one of access 15.Thereby gap 15a is positioned at the position of more leaning on the upstream side of gas flow than centrifugal impeller 5.The 1st parts 12A and the 2nd parts 12B utilize suitable connect mechanism such as bolt to link with scroll element 17 respectively and fix.
The 2nd parts 12B separates set bottom clearance and is opposed with the blade of centrifugal impeller 5.In addition, the 2nd parts 12B is identical with the 2nd mode of execution, is preferably constituted by the material of centrifugal impeller 5 cuttings by comparing with the 1st parts 12A more easily.
Other structure of the present invention is identical with the 2nd mode of execution.In addition, according to this mode of execution, can access the effect identical with the 2nd mode of execution.
The 4th mode of execution
Fig. 5 is the sectional drawing of structure of the centrifugal compressor casing 10 of expression the 4th mode of execution of the present invention.
In this mode of execution, gas sucks path 13 and is provided with the inlet guide vane 22 (IGV:inlet guide vane) that is used to control inlet capacity.Long in certain interval comparable the 1st to the 3rd mode of execution of internal diameter in the air inlet component 12 in addition.
In above-mentioned the 1st to the 3rd mode of execution, the above position, two places that produces pressure difference is the different above position, two places of the internal diameter of air inlet component 12.On the other hand, in this mode of execution,, therefore produce pressure difference in its front and back owing to the pressure loss owing to be provided with inlet guide vane 22.Thereby, at the forward-and-rearward position of inlet guide vane 22 access 15 is set.
In this mode of execution, air inlet component 12 also comprises the 1st parts 12A and the 2nd parts 12B, and therefore the 2nd parts 12B is identical with the 2nd mode of execution, is preferably constituted by the material of centrifugal impeller 5 cuttings by comparing with the 1st parts 12A easily.
Other structure of the present invention is identical with the 3rd mode of execution.In addition, according to this mode of execution, can obtain the effect identical with the 3rd mode of execution.
In addition; In this mode of execution; Air inlet component 12 comprises the 1st parts 12A and the 2nd parts 12B that disposes across gap 15a, but also can they be formed as the 1st mode of execution, also can likewise the 1st parts 12A and the 2nd parts 12B be linked with the 2nd mode of execution.
In addition, above-mentioned in, be illustrated for mode of execution of the present invention, but above-mentioned disclosed mode of execution of the present invention is an example, scope of the present invention does not receive the qualification of the mode of these workings of an invention.Scope of the present invention represented by claims, also comprises meaning that the record with claims is equal to and the whole change in claims scope.

Claims (4)

1. centrifugal compressor casing; Surround centrifugal impeller; And the gas that is formed with in inside to above-mentioned centrifugal impeller guiding gas sucks path and imports by the vortex chamber of the ring-type of the gas of centrifugal impeller compression, possesses air inlet component and scroll element, and said air inlet component constitutes and surrounds above-mentioned gas to suck the blade of a part and above-mentioned centrifugal impeller of wall portion and this wall portion of path opposed; Said scroll element and this air inlet component link and are formed with above-mentioned vortex chamber in inside; Utilize above-mentioned air inlet component and above-mentioned scroll element to form and surround the annulus that above-mentioned gas sucks path annularly, it is characterized in that
In above-mentioned air inlet component, on the position more than two places that have pressure difference of the upstream side that more leans on gas flow than above-mentioned centrifugal impeller, form the access that is communicated with above-mentioned gas suction path and above-mentioned annulus,
Above-mentioned air inlet component comprises the 1st parts and the 2nd parts of on axle direction, cutting apart across the gap, and the 2nd component configuration is in the downstream side of the gas flow of above-mentioned the 1st parts, works as one of above-mentioned access in above-mentioned gap.
2. centrifugal compressor casing as claimed in claim 1 is provided with the above position, two places that have pressure difference of above-mentioned access, is the different above position, two places of internal diameter of above-mentioned air inlet component.
3. centrifugal compressor casing as claimed in claim 1, above-mentioned the 2nd parts are constituted by the material of above-mentioned centrifugal impeller cutting by comparing with above-mentioned the 1st parts more easily, and the inner peripheral surface of perhaps above-mentioned the 2nd parts is formed by above-mentioned material.
4. centrifugal compressor casing as claimed in claim 1, above-mentioned the 2nd parts contact also not fire-hazardous material with above-mentioned centrifugal impeller and constitute by comparing with above-mentioned the 1st parts, and the inner peripheral surface of perhaps above-mentioned the 2nd parts is formed by above-mentioned material.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108474390A (en) * 2016-02-15 2018-08-31 三菱重工发动机和增压器株式会社 Centrifugal compressor and booster

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JP5088610B2 (en) 2012-12-05
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